EP0530287B1 - Centrally sealed twin launch system - Google Patents

Centrally sealed twin launch system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0530287B1
EP0530287B1 EP91910272A EP91910272A EP0530287B1 EP 0530287 B1 EP0530287 B1 EP 0530287B1 EP 91910272 A EP91910272 A EP 91910272A EP 91910272 A EP91910272 A EP 91910272A EP 0530287 B1 EP0530287 B1 EP 0530287B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
ring
sub
movable
launcher
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91910272A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0530287A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Sauvestre
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Individual
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/067—Sealing aspects in sabots, e.g. sealing between individual segments of the sabots or sealing between the outer surface of the sabot and the inner surface of the barrel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to launchers of ammunition for small, medium and large caliber weapons and in particular ammunition for hunting weapons.
  • Ammunition with an under-calibrated projectile stabilized by a tail unit comprises a launcher whose essential mission is to propel the under-calibrated projectile at the desired speed.
  • Patent EP-A-046.888 describes a sealing device for a projectile intended for a weapon with a smooth barrel, generating a force of radial pressure between the projectile and the barrel of the weapon.
  • the aerodynamic forces exerted on the projectile cause the separation of the elements of the launcher and the release of the sub-projectile.
  • the launcher elements each follow their own trajectory and fall at varying distances from the weapon.
  • the invention relates to a launch system for ammunition comprising a feathered sub-projectile, ammunition which can be fired by a smooth, weakly or heavily rifled weapon of small, medium or large caliber and in particular for a hunting weapon, a system consisting of several elements arranged longitudinally along the sub-projectile and driving it during the interior ballistic phase by means of entrainment teeth, and separating from the sub-projectile at the exit of the weapon, launching system characterized in that it comprises at least one ring-launcher arranged on the side of the head of the sub-projectile and integral in translation with the latter, at least one mobile ring-launcher capable of moving along the projectile under the effect of the thrust of the gases of propulsion, and a sealing device arranged between the ring secured to the sub-projectile and the movable ring and sealing devices arranged between the movable rings.
  • the launching system is characterized in that the mobile rings are capable of moving along the sub-projectile by a determined length to ensure the compression of the sealing devices and their radial expansion.
  • Figures 1 to 12 and 14 to 17 listed above represent an ammunition for a hunting weapon with a smooth or weakly striped bore of caliber 12, 16 or 20 for example.
  • FIG. 13 represents an ammunition for hunting or war weapons with a strongly striped soul.
  • Figure 1 shows in half-section a munition 1 introduced into the chamber of the weapon 2 and constituted by a socket 3 made of metallic material, plastic material, cardboard or combustible material carrying a primer not shown.
  • the socket 3 contains the propellant powder 4 and a projectile 5 constituted by a sub-projectile 6 carrying a tail unit 7, by a launching system 8 composed of two launcher rings 9 and 10 and by a sealing device 11.
  • the ring-launcher 9 is arranged on the side of the head of the sub-projectile 6 while the ring 10 is located on the tail side 7 of the sub-projectile 6.
  • the launching rings 9 and 10 made for example of nylon or of another type of plastic material, loaded or not, having the advantage of limiting mechanical friction, are constituted for each of them by two identical halves, intended to separate longitudinally at the exit of the weapon under the effect of the pressure of the acting air, in order on the front of the ring-launcher 9 then on the front of the ring-launcher 10 after ejection of the device seal 11.
  • the launcher rings 9 and 10 have on their outer surface several small sliding bearings 12 (of the order of 0.3 millimeters for a 12 caliber hunting ammunition) separated by grooves 13. At the ends of each ring- launcher are produced guide bearings 14 of larger size (2 to 3 millimeters for the same ammunition).
  • the front part 15 of the launcher ring 9 is arranged to allow the achievement of a conventional crimping of the sleeve and to allow the impact protection of the head of the sub-projectile 6.
  • the rear part 16 of the ring- launcher 9 and the front part 17 of the launcher ring 10 have surfaces perpendicular to the axis of the ammunition, circular and identical.
  • the rear part 18 of the launcher ring 10 has a cone to allow aid for the longitudinal separation of the elements of the launcher ring 10 by the expansion of the propellant gases from the exit of the projectile 5 from the barrel 2 .
  • the launching rings 9 and 10 include other grooves 19 which cooperate with the teeth 20 made on the sub-projectile 6, the latter becoming completely integral in translation with the launching rings during the course of the projectile 5 in the core 21 of the weapon 2 tube (see FIG. 4).
  • the launcher ring 9 is integral in translation with the sub-projectile 6 while the launcher ring 10 remains movable in translation on the projectile 6 by a value equal to b.
  • Launcher rings 9 and 10 also include centralizing bearings 22 combined with the sub-projectile 6.
  • the sealing device 11 constituted by a ring for example made of flexible polyurethane with a thickness e after encasing, thickness judiciously determined as a function of its capacity for crushing with radial expansion under a low load, its sealing qualities during the combustion phase of the propellant powder and its ability to tear, is centered internally on the cylindrical part 23 of the sub-projectile.
  • the parts 16 and 17 of the launcher rings 9 and 10 come into contact with the lateral faces of the sealing device 11.
  • the ammunition 1 is placed in the chamber of the weapon 2, the propellant charge 4 contained in the casing 3 is ignited by the percussion of the primer;
  • the pressure P of the gases, generated by the combustion of said charge, increases and is exerted on the rear face 18 of the ring-launcher 10 and on the tail unit 7, thus allowing the crushing and the radial expansion of the sealing device 11 via the ring-launcher 10 which is free longitudinally and the ring-launcher 9 secured to the sub-projectile 6 and locked in the socket 3 by means of the bead 24 of the socket produced during the crimping of ammunition.
  • the projectile 5 When the pressure P becomes greater than the pressure necessary for the dismantling, the projectile 5 is ejected from the casing and is introduced into the core 21 of the barrel of the weapon 2.
  • the thickness of the sealing device 11 is reduced by the value b-c, it therefore becomes f.
  • the projectile 5 is propelled into the core 21 of the barrel of the weapon 2 thanks to the pressure P generated by the combustion of the propellant charge 4.
  • This pressure continues to increase in the tube to a maximum perfectly determinable by a person skilled in the art.
  • the launcher ring 10 comes into contact with the teeth 20 located at the rear of the sub-projectile 6 thus making it possible to participate in the mechanical behavior of the launching system at high pressures .
  • the clearances c specified in FIG. 3 are therefore zero and the thickness of the sealing device 11 becomes g.
  • elements 25 and 26 of the launcher ring 9 and elements 27 and 28 of the launcher ring 10 separate from the sub-projectile 6 thanks to the combined effects of the aerodynamic forces fA and the expansion of the propellant gases pB acting on the elements of the so-called launcher rings.
  • the sealing device 11 Due to its low tear resistance, the sealing device 11 is ejected in the form of fragments 29.
  • the sub-projectile 6 thus released can achieve the intended objective.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 give other embodiments of the sealing device 11.
  • the latter may be in one piece (see FIG. 8) or in several annular elements 30 joined together and of different hardnesses (FIG. 7). Primers of rupture can be practiced on the sides of said device to allow a better fragmentation at the opening of the launching system just at the exit of the barrel of the weapon.
  • the materials used for the sealing device can be, for example, flexible polyurethanes associated or not with rigid polyurethanes as well as rubbers and elastomers of variable hardness.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show a particular embodiment of the sealing device for which, in addition to the sealing device 11 described above, the launcher rings 9 and 10 have respective chamfers 31, 32, 33 and 34 including the main function is to allow better expansion of the sealing device 11.
  • Figures 10, 11 and 12 show another embodiment of the invention allowing the locking of the launcher rings between them to facilitate handling during cartridge filling.
  • the ring-launcher 9 is locked on the sub-projectile 6 thanks to the sealing device 11 of annular shape mounted sliding on the bearing 37 secured to said ring-launcher.
  • the launcher ring 10, bearing on the sealing device 11 slides on the bearing 37 by its bore 38.
  • Two notches 39 mounted in opposition and integral with the body of the tail unit 7 cooperate with the circular bearing 40 integral with the 'launcher ring 10.
  • Slopes 41,42,43 and 44 judiciously placed on the notches 39 and the circular bearing 40 allow easy snap-fastening of the elements of the launcher ring 10 by simple manual pressure. Thanks to the energy returned by the sealing device 11 prestressed during assembly, the elements of the launcher ring 10 remain constantly in contact at the slopes 43 and 44.
  • the clearances h are smaller than the clearances specified in FIG. 2 and the thickness i of the sealing device 11 is smaller by the same value.
  • the launcher-ring 10 is unlocked due to its mobility in translation and the operation of the ammunition remains identical to that described above.
  • FIG. 13 represents an ammunition based on the principle of the invention but capable of being fired in the tube of a heavily rifled weapon.
  • the device d seal 11 is mounted on a ring shouldered 45 called grain, for example plastic alloy, which ring is mounted with a clearance j on the bearing 37 of the launcher ring 9.
  • the launcher ring 10 has a bore 46 which can slide on the shouldered part of the ring 45. Games k are arranged between the sub-projectile 6 and the launcher ring 10.
  • launcher rings 9 placed in series and located at the head of the sub-projectile 6 and several launcher rings 10 also placed in series located on the tail side 7 of the sub-projectile 6.
  • L 'launcher ring 9, closest to the launcher ring 10, is separated from the latter by the sealing device 11.
  • Other sealing devices 11 can separate the launcher rings 10 movable in translation.
  • launcher rings 9 and 10 may have a number of elements greater than or equal to 2 for each of them. Furthermore, each launcher ring 9 or 10 may have a different number of elements.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the above description and FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 show a different number of elements on the one hand for the rings 9 between them and on the other hand for the rings 9 and 10.
  • the invention described in this document applied to hunting ammunition can be adapted to any other type of small, medium and large caliber ammunition.

Abstract

A launch system for ammunition which can be fired by a small, medium or large calibre weapon with a smooth bore or a bore having shallow or deep rifling, particularly a hunting weapon. The system comprises a launching ring (9) placed on the side of the head of the sub-projectile (6) and translationally fixed thereto, a movable launching ring (10) capable of being moved along the sub-projectile by the thrust from the propellant gases, and a sealing device (11) arranged between the ring fixed to the sub-projectile and the movable ring. The system is relevant for subcalibre ammunition of all calibres.

Description

La présente invention concerne les lanceurs de munitions pour armes de petit, moyen et gros calibre et en particulier les munitions pour armes de chasse.The present invention relates to launchers of ammunition for small, medium and large caliber weapons and in particular ammunition for hunting weapons.

Les munitions dotées d'un projectile sous-calibré stabilisé par un empennage comportent un lanceur ayant pour mission essentielle de propulser le projectile sous-calibré à la vitesse désirée.Ammunition with an under-calibrated projectile stabilized by a tail unit comprises a launcher whose essential mission is to propel the under-calibrated projectile at the desired speed.

Le brevet EP-A-046.888 décrit un dispositif d'étanchéité pour projectile destiné à une arme à canon lisse, engendrant une force de pression radiale entre le projectile et le tube de l'arme.Patent EP-A-046.888 describes a sealing device for a projectile intended for a weapon with a smooth barrel, generating a force of radial pressure between the projectile and the barrel of the weapon.

Les techniques de lancement fréquemment utilisées actuellement consistent en la réalisation d'un lanceur formé par plusieurs éléments (deux au minimum) venant emprisonner le projectile sous-calibré. Les éléments du lanceur, assemblés entre eux à plans jointifs par un système de verrouillage, sont soit métalliques soit en matière plastique. A la sortie de l'arme,les forces aérodynamiques qui s'exercent sur le projectile provoquent la séparation des éléments du lanceur et la libération du sous-projectile. Les éléments du lanceur suivent chacun une trajectoire propre et tombent à des distances variables de l'arme.The launching techniques frequently used currently consist in the realization of a launcher formed by several elements (two at least) coming to trap the under-calibrated projectile. The elements of the launcher, assembled together in contiguous planes by a locking system, are either metallic or plastic. At the exit of the weapon, the aerodynamic forces exerted on the projectile cause the separation of the elements of the launcher and the release of the sub-projectile. The launcher elements each follow their own trajectory and fall at varying distances from the weapon.

Cette technique de lancement engendre plusieurs inconvénients :

  • 1 - L'étanchéité du lanceur aux gaz de propulsion est difficile à assurer. Dans le cas de munitions de char, une étanchéité inter-plan de joint constituée de canaux emplis de produits polymérisants à température ambiante est indispensable. De plus il est obligatoire d'observer une étanchéité entre le tube de l'arme et le lanceur. Cette dernière, généralement constituée d'anneaux en matériaux non métalliques mais peu élastiques doit être conjuguée avec l'étanchéité inter-plan de joint.
    Dans le cas de munitions de petits calibres comportant un lanceur en alliage de plastique (cas de la munition française de chasse de type flèche objet des brevets français 8318988 et 8608094), les étanchéités inter-plan de joint et entre l'arme et le lanceur sont assurées grâce à des chicanes et à des chambres de décompression judicieusement positionnées.
    Ces dispositifs d'étanchéité sont difficiles à mettre en oeuvre, très coûteux et d'un fonctionnement non absolu.
    Il est à noter que pendant la phase de propulsion, la pression développée par les gaz propulsifs et exercée sur la face arrière des éléments du lanceur tend à écarter ces derniers et à augmenter ainsi le jeu dans les plans de joints qui devient préjudiciable à l'étanchéité. Ce jeu grandira encore dans le cas de tubes faiblement ou fortement rayés (force centrifuge) et dans le cas également de tubes usés limitant ainsi l'utilisation de ladite munition dans l'arme.
  • 2 - La masse projetée au tir des éléments du lanceur est importante générant ainsi des distances de chutes non négligeables conduisant à des zônes dangereuses pour des personnes pouvant s'y trouver.
    Pour la munition française de chasse de type flèche précitée et tirée à une distance de 160 mètres, les éléments du lanceur peuvent impacter le sol à une distance de 50 mètres de l'embouchure de l'arme avec un éloignement de 5 mètres maximum du plan de tir.
  • 3 - Pour les munitions de gros calibre particulièrement, les éléments du lanceur peuvent avoir une longueur allant jusqu'à 400 millimètres. Les matériaux utilisés pour ces éléments sont différents de ceux constituant le sous-projectile entraînant ainsi des dilatations différentielles dans une plage de température de 110°C et plus.
    Ces dilatations différentielles sont compensées soit par la création d'un jeu constant soit par la création d'un jeu différentiel au niveau de l'interface lanceur/projectile sous-calibré. Cet impératif physique conduit à des difficultés d'usinage des éléments du lanceur et à un affaiblissement de la résistance du lanceur au tir.
  • 4 - A la sortie de l'arme, les éléments du lanceur se séparent du sous-projectile grâce essentiellement aux forces aérodynamiques qui s'exercent sur la partie avant des dits éléments. Dans les armes à âme lisse, les éléments du lanceur s'ouvrent de l'avant vers l'arrière en prenant appui sur le sous-projectile. La dispersion balistique de ce dernier est essentiellement liée à la qualité de l'ouverture des éléments du lanceur et à la masse de ces derniers, ces paramètres conditionnant le choc de l'ouverture. Or dans la cas présent, la masse d'un élément du lanceur rapportée à la masse du sous-projectile est de l'ordre de 0,20 pour les munitions de char et de 0,10 pour la munition française de chasse de type flèche précitée. Ces rapports restent trop élévés pour assurer une faible dispersion balistique du sous-projectile.
This launching technique has several drawbacks:
  • 1 - The tightness of the launcher to propellant gases is difficult to ensure. In the case of tank ammunition, an inter-plane joint seal made up of channels filled with polymerizing products at ambient temperature is essential. In addition it is mandatory to observe a seal between the barrel of the weapon and the launcher. The latter, generally made up of rings made of non-metallic but not very elastic materials, must be combined with the inter-plane seal of the joint.
    In the case of small caliber ammunition comprising a launcher made of plastic alloy (case of French hunting ammunition of the arrow type which is the subject of French patents 8318988 and 8608094), the inter-plane seals between joint and between the weapon and the launcher are ensured by baffles and judiciously positioned decompression chambers.
    These sealing devices are difficult to implement, very expensive and of non-absolute operation.
    It should be noted that during the propulsion phase, the pressure developed by the propellant gases and exerted on the rear face of the elements of the launcher tends to spread them apart and thus increase the play in the joint planes which becomes detrimental to the sealing. This play will further increase in the case of weakly or strongly scratched tubes (centrifugal force) and also in the case of worn tubes thus limiting the use of said ammunition in the weapon.
  • 2 - The mass projected by the launching of the elements of the launcher is significant thus generating significant fall distances leading to dangerous areas for people who may be there.
    For the above-mentioned French arrow-type hunting ammunition fired from a distance of 160 meters, the launching elements can impact the ground at a distance of 50 meters from the mouth of the weapon with a distance of no more than 5 meters from the plane shooting.
  • 3 - For large caliber ammunition in particular, the elements of the launcher can have a length of up to 400 millimeters. The materials used for these elements are different from those constituting the sub-projectile thus causing differential expansions in a temperature range of 110 ° C and more.
    These differential expansions are compensated either by the creation of a constant clearance or by the creation of a differential clearance at the level of the launcher / sub-calibrated projectile interface. This physical imperative leads to difficulties in machining the elements of the launcher and to a weakening of the launcher's resistance to shooting.
  • 4 - At the exit of the weapon, the elements of the launcher separate from the sub-projectile mainly thanks to the aerodynamic forces which are exerted on the front part of said elements. In smoothbore weapons, the elements of the launcher open from front to rear by resting on the sub-projectile. The ballistic dispersion of the latter is essentially linked to the quality of the opening of the elements of the launcher and the mass of the latter, these parameters conditioning the shock of the opening. However, in the present case, the mass of a launcher element related to the mass of the sub-projectile is of the order of 0.20 for tank ammunition and 0.10 for French arrow-type hunting ammunition. cited above. These ratios remain too high to ensure low ballistic dispersion of the sub-projectile.

Le but de la présente invention est de :

  • garantir une étanchéité parfaite du lanceur aux gaz propulsifs pendant la phase de lancement et ce, quels que soient l'arme utilisée et son degré d'usure
  • réduire la masse projetée des éléments du lanceur
  • limiter les jeux différentiels de fonctionnement
  • atténuer le choc à l'ouverture des éléments du lanceur afin de diminuer la dispersion balistique du sous-projectile
  • garantir une bonne régularité balistique.
The purpose of the present invention is to:
  • guarantee perfect tightness of the launcher to propellant gases during the launch phase, regardless of the weapon used and its degree of wear
  • reduce the projected mass of launcher components
  • limit the operating differential clearances
  • attenuate the shock when the launching elements are opened in order to reduce the ballistic dispersion of the sub-projectile
  • guarantee good ballistic regularity.

L'invention concerne un système de lancement pour munition comprenant un sous-projectile empenné, munition tirable par une arme à âme lisse, faiblement ou fortement rayée de petit, moyen ou gros calibre et en particulier pour arme de chasse, système constitué de plusieurs éléments disposés longitudinalement le long du sous-projectile et l'entraînant pendant la phase de balistique intérieure grâce à des adents d'entraînement, et se séparant du sous-projectile à la sortie de l'arme, système de lancement caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un anneau-lanceur disposé du côté de la tête du sous-projectile et solidaire en translation de ce dernier, au moins un anneau-lanceur mobile susceptible de se déplacer le long du projectile sous l'effet de la poussée des gaz de propulsion, et d'un dispositif d'étanchéité disposé entre l'anneau solidaire du sous-projectile et l'anneau mobile et des dispositifs d'étanchéité disposés entre les anneaux mobiles.The invention relates to a launch system for ammunition comprising a feathered sub-projectile, ammunition which can be fired by a smooth, weakly or heavily rifled weapon of small, medium or large caliber and in particular for a hunting weapon, a system consisting of several elements arranged longitudinally along the sub-projectile and driving it during the interior ballistic phase by means of entrainment teeth, and separating from the sub-projectile at the exit of the weapon, launching system characterized in that it comprises at least one ring-launcher arranged on the side of the head of the sub-projectile and integral in translation with the latter, at least one mobile ring-launcher capable of moving along the projectile under the effect of the thrust of the gases of propulsion, and a sealing device arranged between the ring secured to the sub-projectile and the movable ring and sealing devices arranged between the movable rings.

Selon une autre caractéristique particulière, le système de lancement est caractérisé en ce que les anneaux mobiles sont susceptibles de se déplacer le long du sous-projectile d'une longueur déterminée pour assurer la compression des dispositifs d'étanchéité et leur expansion radiale.According to another particular characteristic, the launching system is characterized in that the mobile rings are capable of moving along the sub-projectile by a determined length to ensure the compression of the sealing devices and their radial expansion.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques, le système de lancement est caractérisé en ce que :

  • la longueur de déplacement des anneaux mobiles par rapport au sous-projectile est donnée par un jeu relatif entre les adents du sous-projectile et les gorges des anneaux mobiles.
  • la compressibilité des dispositifs d'étanchéité permet d'assurer une légère compression du chargement propulsif lors de l'encartouchage.
  • les surfaces de l'anneau solidaire en translation du sous-projectile et de l'anneau mobile en contact avec le dispositif d'étanchéité comportent des chanfreins.
  • les surfaces de l'anneau solidaire en translation du sous-projectile et de l'anneau mobile en contact avec le dispositif d'étanchéité comportent des chanfreins parallèles.
  • l'anneau solidaire en translation du sous-projectile et les anneaux mobiles intermédiaires comportent des paliers sur lesquels prennent appui les dispositifs d'étanchéité afin d'assurer le maintien des éléments des anneaux-lanceurs lors de l'encartouchage.
  • le dernier anneau mobile disposé vers l'empennage comporte un palier circulaire coopérant avec des crans du corps de l'empennage pour assurer le maintien des éléments de l'anneau lors de l'encartouchage.
  • une bague épaulée est disposée entre le dispositif d'étanchéité et l'anneau solidaire en translation du sous-projectile.
  • la bague épaulée sert de centrage à l'anneau mobile de façon à obtenir un jeu diamétral entre l'anneau mobile et le sous-projectile.
According to other characteristics, the launch system is characterized in that:
  • the length of movement of the movable rings relative to the sub-projectile is given by a relative clearance between the teeth of the sub-projectile and the grooves of the movable rings.
  • the compressibility of the sealing devices makes it possible to ensure a slight compression of the propellant charge during the cartridge filling.
  • the surfaces of the ring integral in translation with the sub-projectile and the movable ring in contact with the sealing device have chamfers.
  • the surfaces of the ring integral in translation with the sub-projectile and the movable ring in contact with the sealing device comprise parallel chamfers.
  • the ring secured in translation of the sub-projectile and the intermediate mobile rings comprise bearings on which the sealing devices bear in order to ensure the maintenance of the elements of the launcher rings during the cartridge filling.
  • the last movable ring disposed towards the empennage comprises a circular bearing cooperating with notches of the body of the empennage to ensure the maintenance of the elements of the ring during the cartoning.
  • a shouldered ring is disposed between the sealing device and the ring integral in translation with the sub-projectile.
  • the shouldered ring serves to center the movable ring so as to obtain a diametral clearance between the movable ring and the sub-projectile.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description ci-après d'un exemple de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en demi-coupe d'une munition conforme à la présente invention
  • La figure 2 est une vue en demi-coupe représentant le projectile avant l'encartouchage
  • La figure 3 est une vue en demi-coupe représentant la configuration du projectile à la limite du dessertissage
  • La figure 4 est une vue en demi-coupe du projectile durant son parcours dans le tube de l'arme peu avant le seuil de la pression maximale
  • La figure 5 représente le projectile peu après la sortie du tube de l'arme pendant la séparation des éléments des anneaux-lanceurs
  • La figure 6 précise l'aire de chute des éléments des anneaux-lanceurs
  • Les figures 7, 8 et 9 représentent des variantes du dispositif d'étanchéité de l'invention vues en demi-coupe
  • La figure 10 est une vue en demi-coupe montrant un mode de réalisation permettant le verrouillage des éléments des anneaux-lanceurs entre eux
  • La figure 11 est une demi-vue grossie de la figure 10 au niveau du verrou arrière
  • La figure 12 est une coupe transversale suivant AA de la figure 11
  • La figure 13 est une vue en demi-coupe représentant un exemple d'une munition tirée à partir d'un tube à âme fortement rayée
  • La figure 14 est une vue en demi-coupe d'un projectile ayant un système de lancement composé de plusieurs anneaux-lanceurs et de plusieurs dispositifs d'étanchéité
  • Les figures 15, 16 et 17 sont des coupes tranversales suivant BB, CC et DD de la figure 14
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of an exemplary embodiment, description made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a half-sectional view of ammunition according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a half-sectional view showing the projectile before the cartridge filling
  • Figure 3 is a half-sectional view showing the configuration of the projectile at the limit of the disruption
  • Figure 4 is a half-sectional view of the projectile during its course in the barrel of the weapon shortly before the threshold of the maximum pressure
  • FIG. 5 represents the projectile shortly after the exit from the barrel of the weapon during the separation of the elements of the launching rings
  • Figure 6 specifies the drop area of the elements of the launcher rings
  • Figures 7, 8 and 9 show variants of the sealing device of the invention seen in half-section
  • Figure 10 is a half-sectional view showing an embodiment for locking the elements of the launcher rings between them
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged half-view of Figure 10 at the rear lock
  • Figure 12 is a cross section along AA of Figure 11
  • FIG. 13 is a half-section view showing an example of an ammunition fired from a tube with a strongly striped core
  • FIG. 14 is a half-section view of a projectile having a launch system composed of several launcher rings and several sealing devices
  • Figures 15, 16 and 17 are cross sections along BB, CC and DD of Figure 14

Les figures 1 à 12 et 14 à 17 énumérées ci-dessus représentent une munition pour arme de chasse à âme lisse ou faiblement rayée de calibre 12,16 ou 20 par exemple.Figures 1 to 12 and 14 to 17 listed above represent an ammunition for a hunting weapon with a smooth or weakly striped bore of caliber 12, 16 or 20 for example.

La figure 13 représente une munition pour armes de chasse ou de guerre à âme fortement rayée.FIG. 13 represents an ammunition for hunting or war weapons with a strongly striped soul.

La figure 1 représente en demi-coupe une munition 1 introduite dans la chambre de l'arme 2 et constituée par une douille 3 en matériau métallique, en matière plastique, en carton ou en matériau combustible portant une amorce non représentée. La douille 3 contient la poudre propulsive 4 et un projectile 5 constitué par un sous-projectile 6 portant un empennage 7, par un système de lancement 8 composé de deux anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10 et par un dispositif d'étanchéité 11. L'anneau-lanceur 9 est disposé du côté de la tête du sous-projectile 6 tandis que l'anneau 10 est situé du côté de l'empennage 7 du sous-projectile 6.Figure 1 shows in half-section a munition 1 introduced into the chamber of the weapon 2 and constituted by a socket 3 made of metallic material, plastic material, cardboard or combustible material carrying a primer not shown. The socket 3 contains the propellant powder 4 and a projectile 5 constituted by a sub-projectile 6 carrying a tail unit 7, by a launching system 8 composed of two launcher rings 9 and 10 and by a sealing device 11. The ring-launcher 9 is arranged on the side of the head of the sub-projectile 6 while the ring 10 is located on the tail side 7 of the sub-projectile 6.

Les anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10, réalisés par exemple en nylon ou en un autre type de matière plastique chargée ou non ayant pour avantage de limiter les frottements mécaniques sont constitués pour chacun d'eux par deux moitiés identiques, destinées à se séparer longitudinalement à la sortie de l'arme sous l'effet de la pression de l'air agissant, dans l'ordre sur l'avant de l'anneau-lanceur 9 puis sur l'avant de l'anneau-lanceur 10 après éjection du dispositif d'étanchéité 11.The launching rings 9 and 10, made for example of nylon or of another type of plastic material, loaded or not, having the advantage of limiting mechanical friction, are constituted for each of them by two identical halves, intended to separate longitudinally at the exit of the weapon under the effect of the pressure of the acting air, in order on the front of the ring-launcher 9 then on the front of the ring-launcher 10 after ejection of the device seal 11.

Les anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10 comportent sur leur surface extérieure plusieurs paliers de glissement 12 de faible taille (de l'ordre de 0,3 millimètre pour une munition de chasse calibre 12) séparés par des gorges 13. Aux extrémités de chaque anneau-lanceur sont réalisés des paliers de guidage 14 de taille plus importante (2 à 3 millimètres pour la même munition) . La partie avant 15 de l'anneau-lanceur 9 est aménagée pour permettre la réalisation d'un sertissage classique de la douille et pour permettre la protection aux chocs de la tête du sous-projectile 6. La partie arrière 16 de l'anneau-lanceur 9 et la partie avant 17 de l'anneau-lanceur 10 présentent des surfaces perpendiculaires à l'axe de la munition, circulaires et identiques.The launcher rings 9 and 10 have on their outer surface several small sliding bearings 12 (of the order of 0.3 millimeters for a 12 caliber hunting ammunition) separated by grooves 13. At the ends of each ring- launcher are produced guide bearings 14 of larger size (2 to 3 millimeters for the same ammunition). The front part 15 of the launcher ring 9 is arranged to allow the achievement of a conventional crimping of the sleeve and to allow the impact protection of the head of the sub-projectile 6. The rear part 16 of the ring- launcher 9 and the front part 17 of the launcher ring 10 have surfaces perpendicular to the axis of the ammunition, circular and identical.

La partie arrière 18 de l'anneau-lanceur 10 présente un cône pour permettre une aide de la séparation longitudinale des éléments de l'anneau-lanceur 10 par la détente des gaz propulsifs dès la sortie du projectile 5 du tube de l'arme 2.The rear part 18 of the launcher ring 10 has a cone to allow aid for the longitudinal separation of the elements of the launcher ring 10 by the expansion of the propellant gases from the exit of the projectile 5 from the barrel 2 .

Sur leur surface intérieure, les anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10 comprennent d'autres gorges 19 qui viennent coopérer avec les adents 20 réalisés sur le sous-projectile 6 ce dernier devenant complètement solidaire en translation des anneaux-lanceurs pendant le parcours du projectile 5 dans l'âme 21 du tube de l'arme 2 (cf figure 4). Avant la mise à feu, comme représenté par la figure 1, l'anneau-lanceur 9 est solidaire en translation du sous-projectile 6 tandis que l'anneau-lanceur 10 reste mobile en translation sur le projectile 6 d'une valeur égale à b.On their inner surface, the launching rings 9 and 10 include other grooves 19 which cooperate with the teeth 20 made on the sub-projectile 6, the latter becoming completely integral in translation with the launching rings during the course of the projectile 5 in the core 21 of the weapon 2 tube (see FIG. 4). Before firing, as shown in FIG. 1, the launcher ring 9 is integral in translation with the sub-projectile 6 while the launcher ring 10 remains movable in translation on the projectile 6 by a value equal to b.

Les anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10 comportent également des paliers centreurs 22 conjugués avec le sous-projectile 6.Launcher rings 9 and 10 also include centralizing bearings 22 combined with the sub-projectile 6.

Le dispositif d'étanchéité 11, constitué par un anneau par exemple en polyuréthane souple d'une épaisseur e après encartouchage, épaisseur judicieusement déterminée en fonction de son aptitude à l'écrasement avec une expansion radiale sous une faible charge, ses qualités d'obturation pendant la phase de combustion de la poudre propulsive et son aptitude au déchirement, est centré intérieurement sur la partie cylindrique 23 du sous-projectile. Les parties 16 et 17 des anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10 viennent en contact des faces latérales du dispositif d'étanchéité 11.The sealing device 11, constituted by a ring for example made of flexible polyurethane with a thickness e after encasing, thickness judiciously determined as a function of its capacity for crushing with radial expansion under a low load, its sealing qualities during the combustion phase of the propellant powder and its ability to tear, is centered internally on the cylindrical part 23 of the sub-projectile. The parts 16 and 17 of the launcher rings 9 and 10 come into contact with the lateral faces of the sealing device 11.

Le fonctionnement du système décrit ci-dessus comporte 5 étapes clés détaillées ci-après et illustrées par les dessins des figures 1,2,3,4,5 et 6 :The operation of the system described above comprises 5 key steps detailed below and illustrated by the drawings in Figures 1,2,3,4,5 and 6:

1ère étape : projectile 5 avant l'encartouchage (figure 2) 1st stage : projectile 5 before cartridge filling (figure 2)

Aucune pression longitudinale n'est exercée sur le dispositif d'étanchéité 11 qui comporte une épaisseur libre d. L'anneau-lanceur 9 est en contact des adents 20 situés à l'avant du sous-projectile 6 tandis que l'anneau-lanceur 10 n'a pas de contact au niveau des adents 20 situés à l'arrière du même sous-projectile. Le jeu observé à ce niveau est noté a.No longitudinal pressure is exerted on the sealing device 11 which has a free thickness d. The launcher ring 9 is in contact with the teeth 20 located at the front of the sub-projectile 6 while the launcher ring 10 has no contact at the level of the teeth 20 located at the rear of the same sub-projectile projectile. The game observed at this level is noted a.

2ème étape : projectile 5 encartouché (figure 1) 2nd step : projectile 5 cartridge-filled (figure 1)

Au cours de l'encartouchage, une légère pression est exercée sur la charge propulsive 4 par l'intermédiaire de l'anneau-lanceur 10 qui peut se déplacer longitudinalament par élasticité grâce au dispositif d'étanchéité 11 verrouillé longitudinalement par l'anneau-lanceur 9 lui-même bloqué par les adents 20 situés à l'avant du sous projectile 6. Dans cette configuration, les jeux a précisés par la figure 2 sont réduits et deviennent b et l'épaisseur du dispositif d'étanchéité 11 est réduite de la valeur a-b, elle devient donc e.During the cartridge filling, a slight pressure is exerted on the propellant charge 4 via the ring-launcher 10 which can move longitudinally by elasticity thanks to the sealing device 11 locked longitudinally by the ring-launcher 9 itself blocked by the teeth 20 located at the front of the sub-projectile 6. In this configuration, the clearances specified in FIG. 2 are reduced and become b and the thickness of the sealing device 11 is reduced by the value ab, so it becomes e.

Les premiers avantages du dispositif selon l'invention sont les suivants :

  • compensation des variations de la hauteur de la poudre propulsive 4 par une faible pression exercée par l'anneau-lanceur 10 sur ladite poudre, pression s'exerçant presque intégralement (aux frottements mécaniques près de l'anneau-lanceur 10) sur le dispositif d'étanchéité 11.
  • assurance d'une constance du sertissage conduisant à une meilleure régularité balistique.
  • étanchéité de la poudre propulsive 4 vis à vis de toutes les agressions extérieures (liquides ou solides).
The first advantages of the device according to the invention are as follows:
  • compensation for variations in the height of the propellant powder 4 by a low pressure exerted by the launcher ring 10 on said powder, pressure exerted almost entirely (with mechanical friction near the launcher ring 10) on the device d sealing 11.
  • assurance of consistent crimping leading to better ballistic regularity.
  • tightness of the propellant powder 4 against all external aggressions (liquids or solids).

3ème étape : Dessertissage de la munition (figure 3) 3rd step : Desserting the ammunition (figure 3)

La munition 1 est placée dans la chambre de l'arme 2, la charge propulsive 4 contenue dans la douille 3 est mise à feu par la percussion de l'amorce; La pression P des gaz, générée par la combustion de ladite charge, augmente et vient s'exercer sur la face arrière 18 de l'anneau-lanceur 10 et sur l'empennage 7, permettant ainsi l'écrasement et l'expansion radiale du dispositif d'étanchéité 11 par l'intermédiare de l'anneau-lanceur 10 libre longitudinalement et de l'anneau-lanceur 9 solidaire du sous-projectile 6 et verrouillé dans la douille 3 grâce au bourrelet 24 de la douille réalisé lors du sertissage de la munition.The ammunition 1 is placed in the chamber of the weapon 2, the propellant charge 4 contained in the casing 3 is ignited by the percussion of the primer; The pressure P of the gases, generated by the combustion of said charge, increases and is exerted on the rear face 18 of the ring-launcher 10 and on the tail unit 7, thus allowing the crushing and the radial expansion of the sealing device 11 via the ring-launcher 10 which is free longitudinally and the ring-launcher 9 secured to the sub-projectile 6 and locked in the socket 3 by means of the bead 24 of the socket produced during the crimping of ammunition.

Lorsque la pression P devient supérieure à la pression nécessaire au dessertissage, le projectile 5 est éjecté de la douille et s'introduit dans l'âme 21 du tube de l'arme 2.When the pressure P becomes greater than the pressure necessary for the dismantling, the projectile 5 is ejected from the casing and is introduced into the core 21 of the barrel of the weapon 2.

Au moment du dessertissage les jeux b précisés par la figure 1 sont réduits et deviennent c. Dans cette configuration, l'épaisseur du dispositif d'étanchéité 11 est réduite de la valeur b-c, elle devient donc f.At the time of the dessert clearing the games b specified in FIG. 1 are reduced and become c. In this configuration, the thickness of the sealing device 11 is reduced by the value b-c, it therefore becomes f.

Au cours de cette étape, le système selon l'invention offre les avantages de :

  • assurer une étanchéité aux gaz propulsifs en début de la combustion de la poudre
  • conférer un dessertissage progressif conduisant ainsi à une diminution notable de la dispersion de la pression et de la vitesse initiale
  • permettre une étanchéité balistique qui augmente avec la pression
  • diminuer le choc du recul ressenti par le tireur
  • permettre l'emploi de poudres plus lentes grâce à l'augmentation du volume occupé par les gaz propulsifs avant le dessertissage conduisant ainsi à l'obtention d'une vitesse supérieure à pression égale.
During this step, the system according to the invention offers the advantages of:
  • sealing against propellant gases at the start of powder combustion
  • confer a progressive desserting thus leading to a notable reduction in the dispersion of the pressure and the initial speed
  • allow a ballistic seal which increases with pressure
  • reduce the shock of retreat felt by the shooter
  • allow the use of slower powders thanks to the increase in the volume occupied by the propellant gases before the dessertization thus leading to obtaining a higher speed at equal pressure.

4ème étape : projectile dans l'âme du tube de l'arme (figure 4) 4th stage : projectile in the soul of the barrel of the weapon (figure 4)

Après le dessertissage, le projectile 5 est propulsé dans l'âme 21 du tube de l'arme 2 grâce à la pression P générée par la combustion de la charge propulsive 4. Cette pression continue de croître dans le tube jusqu'à un maximum parfaitement déterminable par un homme de l'art. A un seuil de pression défini mais inférieur à la pression maximale, l'anneau-lanceur 10 vient en contact des adents 20 situés à l'arrière du sous-projectile 6 permettant ainsi de participer à la tenue mécanique du système de lancement aux pressions élevées. Les jeux c précisés par la figure 3 sont donc nuls et l'épaisseur du dispositif d'étanchéité 11 devient g.After the knockdown, the projectile 5 is propelled into the core 21 of the barrel of the weapon 2 thanks to the pressure P generated by the combustion of the propellant charge 4. This pressure continues to increase in the tube to a maximum perfectly determinable by a person skilled in the art. At a defined pressure threshold but lower than the maximum pressure, the launcher ring 10 comes into contact with the teeth 20 located at the rear of the sub-projectile 6 thus making it possible to participate in the mechanical behavior of the launching system at high pressures . The clearances c specified in FIG. 3 are therefore zero and the thickness of the sealing device 11 becomes g.

Les avantages liés à cette configuration permettent de :

  • assurer une étanchéité parfaite du projectile 5 aux gaz propulsifs de la charge de poudre 4
  • obtenir une bonne régularité de la vitesse initiale du projectile 5 et de la pression maximale
  • assurer un contact parfait des adents 20 du sous-projectile 6 avec les anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10 proche de la pression maximale
  • maîtriser la tenue mécanique du système de lancement.
The advantages linked to this configuration allow to:
  • ensure perfect sealing of the projectile 5 to the propellant gases of the powder charge 4
  • obtain good regularity of the initial velocity of the projectile 5 and of the maximum pressure
  • ensure perfect contact of the adents 20 of the sub-projectile 6 with the launcher rings 9 and 10 close to the maximum pressure
  • master the mechanical strength of the launch system.

5ème étape : séparation du système de lancement (figures 5 et 6) 5th step : separation of the launch system (Figures 5 and 6)

Juste à la sortie du tube de l'arme 2 (cf figure 5), les éléments 25 et 26 de l'anneau-lanceur 9 et les éléments 27 et 28 de l'anneau-lanceur 10 se séparent du sous-projectile 6 grâce aux effets conjugués des forces aérodynamiques fA et de la détente des gaz propulsifs pB s'exerçant sur les éléments des dits anneaux-lanceurs.Just at the outlet of the barrel 2 (see Figure 5), elements 25 and 26 of the launcher ring 9 and elements 27 and 28 of the launcher ring 10 separate from the sub-projectile 6 thanks to the combined effects of the aerodynamic forces fA and the expansion of the propellant gases pB acting on the elements of the so-called launcher rings.

De par sa faible résistance au déchirement, le dispositif d'étanchéité 11 est éjecté sous forme de fragments 29.Due to its low tear resistance, the sealing device 11 is ejected in the form of fragments 29.

Le sous-projectile 6 ainsi libéré peut atteindre l'objectif visé.The sub-projectile 6 thus released can achieve the intended objective.

Tous ces éléments étant de petites tailles et de faible masse, les perturbations dues au choc d'ouverture sont réduites permettant ainsi d'obtenir une plus faible dispersion balistique au tir.All these elements being small in size and of low mass, the disturbances due to the opening shock are reduced, thus making it possible to obtain a lower ballistic dispersion when fired.

Par ailleurs, la surface couverte au sol par la chute des éléments du système de lancement ainsi que les distances x et 1 sont réduites (figure 6)In addition, the surface covered on the ground by the fall of launch system elements as well as the distances x and 1 are reduced (figure 6)

Les gains obtenus avec des munitions de calibre 12 conformes à la présente invention comparativement à une munition de même type mais équipée d'un système de lancement classique composé de deux éléments séparables sont indiqués ci-après en pourcentage :

  • masse globale du système de lancement :   environ - 6%
  • masse moyenne d'un élément de l'anneau-lanceur rapportée à la masse du sous-projectile :   environ - 53%
  • vitesse initiale à pression égale :   environ + 7%
  • écart-type de dispersion en pression :   environ - 50%
  • écart-type de dispersion en vitesse :   environ - 50%
  • dispersion balistique à 80 M :   environ - 20%
  • point de chute des éléments du système de lancement
    • . distance moyenne de l'arme (x) :   environ - 20%
    • . distance moyenne de part et d'autre du plan de tir (1) :   environ - 20%
  • choc de recul ressenti par le tireur : plus faible mais non quantifié.
The gains obtained with 12-caliber ammunition in accordance with the present invention compared to ammunition of the same type but equipped with a conventional launching system composed of two separable elements are indicated below in percentage:
  • overall weight of the launch system: approximately - 6%
  • average mass of an element of the launcher ring compared to the mass of the sub-projectile: approximately - 53%
  • initial speed at equal pressure: approximately + 7%
  • standard deviation of pressure dispersion: approximately - 50%
  • standard deviation in speed dispersion: approximately - 50%
  • ballistic dispersion at 80 M: approximately - 20%
  • launch point for launch system elements
    • . average weapon distance (x): around - 20%
    • . average distance on either side of the shooting plan (1): approximately - 20%
  • recoil shock felt by the shooter: weaker but not quantified.

Les figures 7, 8 et 9 donnent d'autres modes de réalisation du dispositif d'étanchéité 11. Ce dernier peut-être monobloc (cf figure 8) ou en plusieurs éléments annulaires 30 accolés et de duretés différentes (figure 7) . Des amorces de rupture peuvent être pratiquées sur les flancs dudit dispositif pour en permettre une meilleure fragmentation à l'ouverture du système de lancement juste à la sortie du tube de l'arme. Les matériaux utilisés pour le dispositif d'étanchéité peuvent être, par exemple, des polyuréthanes souples associés ou non à des polyuréthanes rigides ainsi qu'à des caoutchoucs et à des élastomères de duretés variables.FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 give other embodiments of the sealing device 11. The latter may be in one piece (see FIG. 8) or in several annular elements 30 joined together and of different hardnesses (FIG. 7). Primers of rupture can be practiced on the sides of said device to allow a better fragmentation at the opening of the launching system just at the exit of the barrel of the weapon. The materials used for the sealing device can be, for example, flexible polyurethanes associated or not with rigid polyurethanes as well as rubbers and elastomers of variable hardness.

Les figures 7 et 8 représentent un exemple particulier de réalisation du dispositif d'étanchéité pour lequel, outre le dispositif d'étanchéité 11 décrit ci-dessus, les anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10 comportent des chanfreins respectifs 31, 32, 33 et 34 dont la fonction principale est de permettre une meilleure expansion du dispositif d'étanchéité 11.Figures 7 and 8 show a particular embodiment of the sealing device for which, in addition to the sealing device 11 described above, the launcher rings 9 and 10 have respective chamfers 31, 32, 33 and 34 including the main function is to allow better expansion of the sealing device 11.

La figure 9 décrit une autre forme particulière. Dans ce cas les anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10 comportent des chanfreins 35 et 36 disposés parallèlement de façon à permettre :

  • une expansion radiale du dispositif d'étanchéité 11
  • un contact parfait de l'anneau-lanceur 9 sur le sous-projectile 6 au niveau des paliers centreurs 22 sous l'effet de l'effort F exercé sur le chanfrein 35.
Figure 9 depicts another particular form. In that case the launcher rings 9 and 10 have chamfers 35 and 36 arranged in parallel so as to allow:
  • a radial expansion of the sealing device 11
  • perfect contact of the ring-launcher 9 on the sub-projectile 6 at the level of the centralizing bearings 22 under the effect of the force F exerted on the chamfer 35.

Les figures 10, 11 et 12 montrent un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention permettant le verrouillage des anneaux-lanceurs entre eux pour faciliter la manipulation à l'encartouchage.Figures 10, 11 and 12 show another embodiment of the invention allowing the locking of the launcher rings between them to facilitate handling during cartridge filling.

L'anneau-lanceur 9 est verrouillé sur le sous-projectile 6 grâce au dispositif d'étanchéité 11 de forme annulaire monté glissant sur le palier 37 solidaire dudit anneau-lanceur. L'anneau-lanceur 10, en appui sur le dispositif d'étanchéité 11 coulisse sur le palier 37 par son alésage 38. Deux crans 39 montés en opposition et solidaires du corps de l'empennage 7 coopèrent avec le palier circulaire 40 solidaire de l'anneau-lanceur 10. Des pentes 41,42,43 et 44 judicieusement placées sur les crans 39 et le palier circulaire 40 permettent un encliquetage aisé des éléments de l'anneau-lanceur 10 par simple pression manuelle. Grâce à l'énergie restituée par le dispositif d'étanchéité 11 précontraint lors du montage les éléments de l'anneau-lanceur 10 restent constamment en appui au niveau des pentes 43 et 44.The ring-launcher 9 is locked on the sub-projectile 6 thanks to the sealing device 11 of annular shape mounted sliding on the bearing 37 secured to said ring-launcher. The launcher ring 10, bearing on the sealing device 11 slides on the bearing 37 by its bore 38. Two notches 39 mounted in opposition and integral with the body of the tail unit 7 cooperate with the circular bearing 40 integral with the 'launcher ring 10. Slopes 41,42,43 and 44 judiciously placed on the notches 39 and the circular bearing 40 allow easy snap-fastening of the elements of the launcher ring 10 by simple manual pressure. Thanks to the energy returned by the sealing device 11 prestressed during assembly, the elements of the launcher ring 10 remain constantly in contact at the slopes 43 and 44.

Dans cette configuration; les jeux h sont plus faibles que les jeux a précisés par la figure 2 et l'épaisseur i du dispositif d'étanchéité 11 est plus faible de la même valeur.In this configuration; the clearances h are smaller than the clearances specified in FIG. 2 and the thickness i of the sealing device 11 is smaller by the same value.

Dès la mise à feu de la charge propulsive, le déverrouillage de l'anneau-lanceur 10 se réalise du fait de sa mobilité en translation et le fonctionnement de la munition reste identique à celui décrit précédemment.As soon as the propellant charge is fired, the launcher-ring 10 is unlocked due to its mobility in translation and the operation of the ammunition remains identical to that described above.

La figure 13 représente une munition basée sur le principe de l'invention mais capable d'être tirée dans le tube d'une arme fortement rayée. Pour éviter un entraînement en rotation trop important du projectile 5 il est indispensable d'imposer un glissement par frottement du dispositif d'étanchéité 11 par rapport à l'anneau-lanceur 9 et au sous-projectile 6. Pour ce faire, le dispositif d'étanchéité 11 est monté sur une bague épaulée 45 appelée grain, par exemple en alliage de plastique, laquelle bague est montée avec un jeu j sur le palier 37 de l'anneau-lanceur 9. L'anneau-lanceur 10 comporte un alésage 46 qui peut coulisser sur la partie épaulée de la bague 45. Des jeux k sont aménagés entre le sous-projectile 6 et l'anneau-lanceur 10.FIG. 13 represents an ammunition based on the principle of the invention but capable of being fired in the tube of a heavily rifled weapon. To avoid excessive rotation of the projectile 5, it is essential to impose sliding friction of the sealing device 11 relative to the launcher ring 9 and the sub-projectile 6. To do this, the device d seal 11 is mounted on a ring shouldered 45 called grain, for example plastic alloy, which ring is mounted with a clearance j on the bearing 37 of the launcher ring 9. The launcher ring 10 has a bore 46 which can slide on the shouldered part of the ring 45. Games k are arranged between the sub-projectile 6 and the launcher ring 10.

Le fonctionnement est identique à celui décrit pour le mode de réalisation relatif aux figures 10, 11 et 12 hormis que le dispositif d'étanchéité 11 et l'anneau-lanceur 10 tournent à la vitesse de rotation permise par le rayage du tube de l'arme entraînant dans leur mouvement le reste du projectile (sous -projectile 6 et anneau-lanceur 9) à une vitesse de rotation nettement inférieure uniquement par le biais du frottement au glissement de la bague épaulée 45 sur l'anneau-lanceur 9.The operation is identical to that described for the embodiment relating to FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 except that the sealing device 11 and the ring-launcher 10 rotate at the speed of rotation allowed by the scoring of the tube of the weapon driving in their movement the rest of the projectile (sub-projectile 6 and ring-launcher 9) at a significantly lower speed of rotation only through the sliding friction of the shouldered ring 45 on the ring-launcher 9.

D'autres variantes de réalisation sont possibles sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention.Other alternative embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

Il est possible en particulier, de prévoir plusieurs anneaux-lanceurs 9 placés en série et situés en tête du sous-projectile 6 et plusieurs anneaux-lanceurs 10 placés également en série situés du côté de l'empennage 7 du sous-projectile 6. L'anneau-lanceur 9, le plus proche de l'anneau-lanceur 10, est séparé de ce dernier par le dispositif d'étanchéité 11. D'autres dispositifs d'étanchéité 11 peuvent séparer les anneaux-lanceurs 10 mobiles en translation.Les anneaux-lanceurs 9 et 10 peuvent comporter un nombre d'éléments supérieur ou égal à 2 pour chacun d'eux. Par ailleurs chaque anneau-lanceur 9 ou 10 peut avoir un nombre différent d'éléments.It is possible in particular to provide several launcher rings 9 placed in series and located at the head of the sub-projectile 6 and several launcher rings 10 also placed in series located on the tail side 7 of the sub-projectile 6. L 'launcher ring 9, closest to the launcher ring 10, is separated from the latter by the sealing device 11. Other sealing devices 11 can separate the launcher rings 10 movable in translation. launcher rings 9 and 10 may have a number of elements greater than or equal to 2 for each of them. Furthermore, each launcher ring 9 or 10 may have a different number of elements.

La figure 14 illustre la description précitée et les figures 15,16 et 17 présentent un nombre d'éléments différent d'une part pour les anneaux 9 entre eux et d'autre part pour les anneaux 9 et 10.FIG. 14 illustrates the above description and FIGS. 15, 16 and 17 show a different number of elements on the one hand for the rings 9 between them and on the other hand for the rings 9 and 10.

L'invention décrite dans le présent document appliquée à une munition de chasse peut être adaptée à n'importe quel autre type de munition de petit, de moyen et de gros calibre.The invention described in this document applied to hunting ammunition can be adapted to any other type of small, medium and large caliber ammunition.

Claims (10)

  1. A launching system for ammunition, comprising a finned sub-projectile (6) and adapted to be fired from a smooth-bore or slightly or deeply rifled small, medium or large-calibre weapon, more particularly a hunting gun, the system comprising a number of components disposed longitudinally along the sub-projectile and driving it by means of driving indentations during the internal ballistic phase and separating from the sub-projectile at the muzzle of the gun, and comprising at least one launching ring (9) disposed alongside the head of the sub-projectile and movable in translation therewith, the launching system being characterised in that it comprises at least one movable launching ring (10) adapted to move along the sub-projectile under the action of the thrust of the propulsion gases, and a sealing device (11) disposed between the ring integral with the sub-projectile and the movable ring and sealing devices disposed between the movable rings.
  2. A launching system according to claim 1, characterised in that the movable rings are adapted to move along the sub-projectile over a calculated distance so as to compress the sealing devices and radially expand them.
  3. A launching system according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the distance over which the movable rings move relatively to the sub-projectile is determined by a relative clearance between the indentations (20) on the sub-projectile and the grooves (19) in the movable rings.
  4. A launching system according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the compressibility of the sealing devices results in a slight propulsive charge pressure (4) during insertion into the cartridge.
  5. A launching system according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the surfaces of the ring movable in translation with the sub-projectile and the ring movable in contact with the sealing device have bevels (31, 32, 33 and 34).
  6. A launching system according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the surfaces of the ring movable in translation with the sub-projectile and the ring movable in contact with the sealing device have parallel bevels (35 and 36).
  7. A launching system according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the ring movable in translation with the sub-projectile and the intermediate movable rings comprise bearings (37) for supporting the sealing devices so as to hold the components of the launching rings in position during insertion into the cartridge.
  8. A launching system according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the last movable ring before the fins comprises a circular bearing (40) co-operating with notches (29) on the fin body so as to hold the ring components during insertion into the cartridge.
  9. A launching system according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that a shouldered collar (45) is disposed between the sealing device and the ring movable in translation with the sub-projectile.
  10. A launching system according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the shouldered collar centres the movable ring so as to give a diametric clearance between the movable ring and the sub-projectile.
EP91910272A 1990-05-19 1991-05-17 Centrally sealed twin launch system Expired - Lifetime EP0530287B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9006535 1990-05-19
FR9006535A FR2662241B1 (en) 1990-05-19 1990-05-19 TANDEM LAUNCHING SYSTEM WITH CENTRAL SEALING.
PCT/FR1991/000398 WO1991018256A1 (en) 1990-05-19 1991-05-17 Centrally sealed twin launch system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0530287A1 EP0530287A1 (en) 1993-03-10
EP0530287B1 true EP0530287B1 (en) 1995-11-02

Family

ID=9396951

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91910272A Expired - Lifetime EP0530287B1 (en) 1990-05-19 1991-05-17 Centrally sealed twin launch system

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0530287B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE129804T1 (en)
AU (1) AU7969491A (en)
DE (1) DE69114288T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2082208T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2662241B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991018256A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2724450B1 (en) * 1994-09-13 1997-01-17 Sauvestre Jean Claude DOUBLE PENETRATION HUNTING BALL WITH REDUCED RANGE
FR2769700B1 (en) * 1997-10-13 1999-12-24 Jean Claude Sauvestre IMPROVED SEALING LAUNCHER FOR AMMUNITION OF THE TYPE COMPRISING A LAUNCHER ASSOCIATED WITH A SUB-PROJECTILE

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE247038C (en) *
US3738279A (en) * 1970-07-24 1973-06-12 Us Navy Sabot for sub-calibre projectile
US3859922A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-01-14 Us Army Two piece ammunition round
DE3033042C2 (en) * 1980-09-03 1985-06-27 L'Etat Français représenté par le Délégué Général pour l'Armement, Paris Means for forcing during the development of a shot in ammunition for a smoothbore weapon

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69114288D1 (en) 1995-12-07
EP0530287A1 (en) 1993-03-10
DE69114288T2 (en) 1996-06-27
ATE129804T1 (en) 1995-11-15
ES2082208T3 (en) 1996-03-16
FR2662241A1 (en) 1991-11-22
AU7969491A (en) 1991-12-10
WO1991018256A1 (en) 1991-11-28
FR2662241B1 (en) 1994-09-23

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