EP0143720B1 - Munition for sporting guns - Google Patents

Munition for sporting guns Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143720B1
EP0143720B1 EP84402435A EP84402435A EP0143720B1 EP 0143720 B1 EP0143720 B1 EP 0143720B1 EP 84402435 A EP84402435 A EP 84402435A EP 84402435 A EP84402435 A EP 84402435A EP 0143720 B1 EP0143720 B1 EP 0143720B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ammunition
hunting
shoe
sabot
projectile
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Expired
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EP84402435A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0143720A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Sauvestre
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT84402435T priority Critical patent/ATE37950T1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/064Sabots enclosing the rear end of a kinetic energy projectile, i.e. having a closed disk shaped obturator base and petals extending forward from said base
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/04Stabilising arrangements using fixed fins
    • F42B10/06Tail fins
    • F42B10/08Flechette-type projectiles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/045Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile of telescopic type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition for hunting weapons.
  • the projectiles thus used are generally made of lead or steel, but their diameter is generally equal to the caliber of the weapon. It is noted that, by their relatively large mass, their low initial speed and their geometry, these projectiles are unstable on their trajectory, in particular when they are fired from a smooth tube, their significant aerodynamic braking leads to reducing and limiting their range of use, and decreases their effectiveness at medium range.
  • FR-A-2 300 319 and FR-A-2 468 870 disclose hunting ammunition whose projectile, slightly under-calibrated, is guided along its trajectory by a plastic coating of which it remains integral. This plastic part extended towards the rear must play both the role of flock to ensure the tightness in the tube and the role of empennage to stabilize the projectile which, fired from a smooth tube, does not is not animated with rotation. This configuration only allows these two incompatible functions to be performed very poorly.
  • Document FR-A-2 335 818 describes a hunting ammunition according to the preamble of claim 1 and the projectile of which is constituted by a pointed "dart" totally surrounded by a shoe made of expanded polystyrene comprising at least three combined and separable parts.
  • This shoe has parts made of fragmentable material which separate under the effect of the thrust gases. After ejection of the projectile from the tube, fragments are thus dispersed with very high speed, which constitutes a major drawback for the safety around the shooter.
  • the present invention provides a solution to the problem posed by security to the shooter, by seeking to reduce the number of components of the shoe to obtain a lesser dispersion of all or part of these elements when the projectile is ejected from the tube.
  • the present invention also remedies these various drawbacks by proposing a hunting ammunition comprising a lightened projectile with weak aerodymanic braking which has improved stability on trajectory even in transonic and subsonic conditions, greater efficiency, even at long distance, and which decreases notably the tendency to ricochets, without damaging the meat of the game too much.
  • the subject of the invention is an ammunition for a hunting weapon of the type comprising an under-calibrated projectile stabilized by empennage and actuated by powder contained in a case, constituted by a penetrator and a sabot, characterized in that the shoe is made of a non-fragmentable material after ejection, and either in one piece or in two separable parts.
  • the propellant system can be composed of propellant powder housed in a partially or fully combustible case.
  • the arrow consists of a tapered penetrator of dense alloy, for example based on tungsten or depleted uranium, or in conventional material for example of steel or lead, or of lead-antimony, provided with a tail unit for the stabilize on trajectory.
  • the diameter of this arrow is much less than the diameter of the tube of the hunting weapon.
  • This arrow is surrounded by a detachable launching shoe which ensures its speeding up, guiding and sealing during the passage through the tube of the hunting weapon. This shoe detaches from the indenter at the start of the trajectory. It can consist of one or more elements made of light materials; light alloy, plastic, composite materials, loaded cardboard etc.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the general organization of a hunting ammunition with a conventional metallic or non-metallic casing 1, containing a charge of powder 2 constituting the propulsive system, of an penetrator 3 contained in a launching shoe 4, itself maintained in the cartridge.
  • the powder is primed by a primer 5 struck mechanically into the bottom of the socket.
  • FIG. 2 shows a variant in which the powder 2 is housed in a combustible case 6 based on nitrocellulose closed by a shutter cap 7 which is not metallic combustible or not provided with a primer 5.
  • the FIG. 3 shows the powder 2 housed in a fully combustible case 8, the bottom of which comprises a combustible primer 9.
  • the propulsion system is constituted by a propellant block 10 with agglomerated charge without case directly in the combustion chamber, l rear seal being obtained using a shutter base 7 of the same type as that relating to FIG. 3 comprising a primer 5 with mechanical percussion.
  • the propulsion system is of the entirely combustible type, since the combustible primer 11 is integrated into the propulsion unit 10 itself.
  • the powders that can be used are those from the field of conventional hunting powders. They are in principle simple base and different shapes (spherical, rods, tubular, multitubular, discs, flakes, rectangular, ). Furthermore, a binder introduced into the propellant powder is essential to ensure the rigidity of the propellant block of the solutions relating to FIGS. 4 and 5, solutions which also require modification at the level of the breech system of the hunting weapon to perfect the tightness at the start of the blow.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 show various types of arrow projectiles combined, by way of nonlimiting example, with a propellant system such as that shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, comprising a conventional cartridge case filled with powder, closed by a base provided with a percussion primer. Any combination of various boom launch techniques and various propulsion systems is possible. These ammunitions are adapted to be fired from a hunting weapon provided either with a smooth tube, choked or not, or with a weakly scratched tube.
  • Figure 6 shows a penetrator 12, enclosed by a launch shoe 13 consisting of several elements held together by two belts 14a and 14b in contact with the chamber (23) of the tube of the hunting weapon.
  • the very tapered penetrator 12 is terminated at the rear by a tail unit 15 for stabilization on the trajectory.
  • the shoe consists of two longitudinally adjacent elements forming the tubular part 16 enclosing the central part of the indenter. These elements have external shoulders at the periphery of which are fixed the belts 14a and 14b which rest on the chamber of the barrel of the weapon.
  • the belts 14a and 14b ensure on the one hand a good seal during the launching phase of the projectile and on the other hand allow to obtain a satisfactory ballistic regularity thanks to the pressure forcing developed during the creep of these belts to the forcing cone 26 of the tube of the hunting weapon connecting chamber 23 and core of the tube 27. Furthermore, they allow firing from choké tubes (case of hunting rifles). Materials such as lead, lead + antimony, plastics, composites, loaded or unloaded cardboard ... can be used for the production of these belts.
  • the rear shoulder 17b constitutes a thrust plate subjected to the pressure of the propellant gases generated by the combustion of the powder, while the front shoulder 17a constitutes a guide plate.
  • the shoe maintains the penetrator only in its central part, the tail unit 15 being located at the rear of the thrust plate, which makes it possible to qualify this launching system as a pusher tractor.
  • the elements of the sabot are detached from the indenter at the exit of the barrel of the weapon, either from the front towards the rear, or preferably from the rear towards the 'before to avoid the support of the elements of the shoe on the indenter during separation, or the shocks of these elements with the jibing of the indenter.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another configuration of detachable approximately cylindrical shoe, presenting a thrust plate 18, and supporting the belts 14a and 14b, while it maintains the indenter at the rear of the tail unit.
  • This system of launching is called pusher, its opening is generally done from the front.
  • FIG. 8 we can see a detachable shoe which encloses the penetrator on its central part and has only one external projection 20 supporting the sealing belt 21.
  • the pushing and guide plates are combined and placed in the middle of the shoe.
  • the tail of the indenter is in direct contact with the propellant powder which also acts on the whole hoof which is then of the "saddle" type.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of the ammunition according to the invention comprising a tractor shoe. Indeed, the gases from the combustion of the powder act on the indenter at its tail 15, and thanks to the perforated part 22 of the shoe, on the front part 20 of the latter which supports the sealing belt 21 .
  • the projectiles shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 6 to 9 can either be entirely contained in the chamber 23 of the tube illustrated in FIG. 6 (while the length of this chamber is simply indicated in the other figures between the vertical mixed lines X and X ′), either partially or totally engaged in the barrel of the weapon, or partially engaged in the socket.
  • FIG. 10 shows a hunting ammunition comprising a penetrator and, for example, a shoe of the type of that represented in FIG. 6, however having a sliding sealing belt 25 to prevent rotation of the projectile.
  • the system is not essential if the weapon is slightly scratched.
  • the projectiles illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 9 and fired from smooth or slightly scratched tubes can receive a sealing wad placed at the rear of the launching shoe which ensures, in addition to a sealing function with propellant gases, a reduction the recoil shock received by the hunter.
  • the pusher shoe of Figure 7 is best suited to receive a conventional commercial flock without modification of the latter.
  • a wad would be detrimental to the proper functioning of the projectile in the case of shooting from a hunting weapon with a strongly striped tube as indicated for example in FIG. 10.
  • the penetrator can have very variable dimensions.
  • the following table shows the importance of the projectile depending on the weapon, from 3 calibers.
  • the present invention has been applied to hunting ammunition for a 12-gauge smooth-tube weapon, taking into account the following constraints.
  • the length of the conventional cartridge must be respected so that the new ammunition can be fired in an automatic rifle. This assumption is very restrictive because it does not allow to use all the intrinsic possibilities of a munition arrow. It is also necessary to respect the firing pressure under normal conditions of use, and obtain a quality-price ratio much higher than conventional ammunition.
  • the ammunition according to the invention has a high firing precision, therefore a high probability of reaching the usual firing distances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

1. Ammunition for a hunting weapon of the type comprising an under-gauged projectile which is stabilized by a fin (4, 15) and powered by powder contained inside a case, formed of a penetrating part (3 or 12) and a sabot (4 or 13), characterized in that the sabot (4 or 13) is formed of a material which is not subject to fragmentation after the ejection and consists either of a single piece or of two separable pieces.

Description

La présente invention concerne les munitions pour armes de chasse.The present invention relates to ammunition for hunting weapons.

On sait que la chasse aux gros gibiers nécessite l'utilisation de cartouches à balles par opposition aux cartouches à plomb utilisées pour le petit gibier. Ces munitions de chasse connues sont donc du type comportant un projectile actionné par un système propulsif.We know that hunting big game requires the use of bullet cartridges as opposed to lead cartridges used for small game. These known hunting ammunition are therefore of the type comprising a projectile actuated by a propulsion system.

Les projectiles ainsi utilisés sont généralement en plomb ou en acier, mais leur diamètre est généralement égal au calibre de l'arme. On constate que, de par leur masse relativement importante, leur faible vitesse initiale et leur géométrie, ces projectiles sont instables sur leur trajectoire, notamment quand ils sont tirés à partir d'un tube lisse, leur freinage aérodynamique important conduit à réduire et à limiter leur portée d'utilisation, et diminue leur efficacité à distance moyenne de tir.The projectiles thus used are generally made of lead or steel, but their diameter is generally equal to the caliber of the weapon. It is noted that, by their relatively large mass, their low initial speed and their geometry, these projectiles are unstable on their trajectory, in particular when they are fired from a smooth tube, their significant aerodynamic braking leads to reducing and limiting their range of use, and decreases their effectiveness at medium range.

De plus, même dans le cas où le projectile présente une partie ogivale, on constate une tendance aux ricochets longitudinaux et latéraux lors des impacts très inclinés ou rasants. Enfin, les profils des balles ou projectiles classiques peuvent endomenger les chairs du gibier en les déchiquetant ou en les broyant par endroits, ce qui est préjudiciable à la qualité et à la conservation de ces viandes.In addition, even in the case where the projectile has an ogival part, there is a tendency for longitudinal and lateral ricochets during very inclined or grazing impacts. Finally, the profiles of conventional bullets or projectiles can damage game meat by shredding it or crushing it in places, which is detrimental to the quality and preservation of this meat.

Les documents FR-A-2 300 319 et FR-A-2 468 870 divulgent des munitions de chasse dont le projectile, légèrement sous-calibré, est guidé sur sa trajectoire par un enrobage en matière plastique dont il reste solidaire. Cette partie en matière plastique prolongée vers l'arrière doit jouer à la fois de rôle de bourre pour assurer l'étanchéité dans le tube et le rôle d'empennage pour stabiliser le projectile qui, tiré à partir d'un tube lisse, n'est pas animé de rotation. Cette configuration ne permet que d'assurer très médiocrement ces deux fonctions incompatibles.Documents FR-A-2 300 319 and FR-A-2 468 870 disclose hunting ammunition whose projectile, slightly under-calibrated, is guided along its trajectory by a plastic coating of which it remains integral. This plastic part extended towards the rear must play both the role of flock to ensure the tightness in the tube and the role of empennage to stabilize the projectile which, fired from a smooth tube, does not is not animated with rotation. This configuration only allows these two incompatible functions to be performed very poorly.

Le document FR-A-2 335 818 décrit une munition de chasse selon le préamble de la revendication 1 et dont le projectile est constitué par une "fléchette" pointue totalement entourée par un sabot en polystyrène expansé comprenant au moins trois parties combinées et séparables. Ce sabot comporte des parties en matériau fragmentable qui se séparent sous l'effet des gaz de poussée. Après éjection du projectile hors du tube, des fragments sont ainsi dispersés avec une très grande vitesse, ce qui constitue un inconvénient majeur pour la sécurité autout du tireur.Document FR-A-2 335 818 describes a hunting ammunition according to the preamble of claim 1 and the projectile of which is constituted by a pointed "dart" totally surrounded by a shoe made of expanded polystyrene comprising at least three combined and separable parts. This shoe has parts made of fragmentable material which separate under the effect of the thrust gases. After ejection of the projectile from the tube, fragments are thus dispersed with very high speed, which constitutes a major drawback for the safety around the shooter.

La présente invention propose une solution au problème posé par la sécurité au tireur, en cherchant à diminuer le nombre d'éléments constitutifs du sabot pour obtenir une moindre dispersion de tout ou partie de ces éléments lors de l'éjection du projectile hors du tube.The present invention provides a solution to the problem posed by security to the shooter, by seeking to reduce the number of components of the shoe to obtain a lesser dispersion of all or part of these elements when the projectile is ejected from the tube.

La présente invention remédie aussi à ces divers inconvénients en proposant une munition de chasse comportant un projectile allégé à faible freinage aérodymanique qui présente une stabilité améliorée sur trajectoire même en régime transonique et subsonique, une plus grande efficacité, même à grande distance, et qui diminue notablement la tendance aux ricochets, sans trop endommager les chairs du gibier.The present invention also remedies these various drawbacks by proposing a hunting ammunition comprising a lightened projectile with weak aerodymanic braking which has improved stability on trajectory even in transonic and subsonic conditions, greater efficiency, even at long distance, and which decreases notably the tendency to ricochets, without damaging the meat of the game too much.

Pour ce faire, l'invention a pour objet une munition pour arme de chasse du type comportant un projectile sous-calibré stabilisé par empennage et actionné par de la poudre contenue dans un étui, constitué par un pénétrateur et un sabot, caractérisé en ce que le sabot est constitué en un matériau non fragmentable après l'éjection, et soit monobloc soit en deux parties séparables.To do this, the subject of the invention is an ammunition for a hunting weapon of the type comprising an under-calibrated projectile stabilized by empennage and actuated by powder contained in a case, constituted by a penetrator and a sabot, characterized in that the shoe is made of a non-fragmentable material after ejection, and either in one piece or in two separable parts.

Dans le domaine militaire, notamment celui de l'artillerie, on connaît les munitions flèches de gros calibres tirées à partir de canons à tube rayé ou non pour agisser des cibles blindées, en particulier des chars de combat. Ces projectiles à énergie cinétique élevée, puisque à très grande vitesse et à grande densité, et à énergie surfacique à l'impact très elevée puisque possédant une géométrie effilée adaptée, présentent des performances nécessaires à la perforation des blindages modernes. On a découvert que l'adaptation de ces résultats dans le domaine très différent des munitions de chasse permettait d'augmenter très sensiblement la probabilité d'atteinte du gibier du fait du faible temps de trajet sur la trajectoire très tendue suivie par le projectile. En utilisant une flèche en matériau dense, on peut en réduire les dimensions à la masse et diminuer par là le poids total de la munition. On peut surtout en simplifier notablement l'organisation et la diversifier, ce qui permet d'en amoindrir le coût.In the military field, in particular that of artillery, large caliber ammunition arrows are known, fired from cannons with or without striped tube to act on armored targets, in particular battle tanks. These projectiles with high kinetic energy, since at very high speed and high density, and surface energy with very high impact since having a suitable tapered geometry, have the performance necessary for the perforation of modern armor. It has been discovered that the adaptation of these results in the very different field of hunting ammunition makes it possible to very significantly increase the probability of attacking game because of the short travel time on the very tense trajectory followed by the projectile. By using an arrow made of dense material, it is possible to reduce the dimensions to mass and thereby reduce the total weight of the ammunition. Above all, it can be significantly simplified and diversified, which reduces the cost.

Le système propulsif peut être composé de poudre propulsive logée dans un étui partiellement ou entièrement combustible.The propellant system can be composed of propellant powder housed in a partially or fully combustible case.

La flèche est constitué d'un pénétrateur effilé en alliage dense, par exemple à base de tungstène ou d'uranium appauvri, ou en matériau classique par exemple en acier ou en plomb, ou en plomb-antimoine, muni d'un empennage pour le stabiliser sur trajectoire. Le diamètre de cette flèche est très inférieur au diamètre du tube de l'arme de chasse. Cette flèche est entourée d'un sabot de lancement détachable qui en assure la mise en vitesse, le guidage et l'étanchéité pendant le passage dans le tube de l'arme de chasse. Ce sabot se détache du pénétrateur en début de trajectoire. Il peut être constitué de un ou plusieurs éléments réalisés en matériaux légérs; alliage léger, matière plastique, matériaux composites, carton chargé etc.The arrow consists of a tapered penetrator of dense alloy, for example based on tungsten or depleted uranium, or in conventional material for example of steel or lead, or of lead-antimony, provided with a tail unit for the stabilize on trajectory. The diameter of this arrow is much less than the diameter of the tube of the hunting weapon. This arrow is surrounded by a detachable launching shoe which ensures its speeding up, guiding and sealing during the passage through the tube of the hunting weapon. This shoe detaches from the indenter at the start of the trajectory. It can consist of one or more elements made of light materials; light alloy, plastic, composite materials, loaded cardboard etc.

D'autres avantages apparaîtront dans la description ci-après de plusieurs modes de réalisation de la munition de chasse selon l'invention, donnée à titre non limitatif en référence au dessun sur lequel:

  • -la figure 1 représente schématiquement l'organisation de la munition selon l'invention,
  • - les figures 2 à 5 illustrent diverses variantes de systèmes propulsifs adaptables à la munition selon l'invention,
  • - les figures 6 à 9 montrent diverses configuration de sabots de lancement de pénètrateur combinées à titre indicatif avec le système propulsif illustré sur la figure 2,
  • - la figure 10 montre une variante de la munition selon l'invention adaptée pour être tirée par un tube rayé.
Other advantages will appear in the description below of several embodiments of the hunting ammunition according to the invention, given without limitation with reference to the dessun on which:
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents the organization of the munition according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 illustrate various variants of propulsion systems adaptable to the munition according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 show various configurations of penetrator launching shoes combined for information with the propulsion system illustrated in FIG. 2,
  • - Figure 10 shows a variant of the ammunition according to the invention adapted to be fired by a striped tube.

La figure 1 illustre l'organisation générale d'une munition de chasse avec douille 1 classique métallique ou non, contenant une charge de poudre 2 constituant le système propulsif, d'un pénétrateur 3 enserré dans un sabot de lancement 4, lui-même maintenu dans la cartouche. De façon classique, la poudre est amorcée par une amorce 5 percutée mécaniquement dans le fond de la douille.FIG. 1 illustrates the general organization of a hunting ammunition with a conventional metallic or non-metallic casing 1, containing a charge of powder 2 constituting the propulsive system, of an penetrator 3 contained in a launching shoe 4, itself maintained in the cartridge. Conventionally, the powder is primed by a primer 5 struck mechanically into the bottom of the socket.

En ce que concerne le système propulsif, la figure 2 en montre une variante dans laquelle la poudre 2 est logée dans un étui combustible 6 à base de nitrocellulose fermé par un culot obturateur 7 non combustible métallique ou non muni d'une amorce 5. La figure 3 montre la poudre 2 logée dans un étui entièrement combustible 8 dont le fond comporte une amorce combustible 9. Sur la figure 4, le système propulsif est constitué par un bloc propulsif 10 à chargement aggloméré sans étui directement dans la chambre de combustion, l'étanchéité arrière étant obtenue à l'aide d'un culot obturateur 7 du même type que celui relatif à la figure 3 comportant une amorce 5 à percussion mécanique. Enfin, dans le cas de la figure 5, le système propulsif est du type entièrement combustible, puisque l'amorce combustible 11 est intégrée au bloc propulsif 10 lui-même. Les poudres utilisables sont celles du domaine des poudres de chasse classiques. Elles sont en principe à simple base et de formes différentes (sphériques, bâtonnets, tubulaires, multitubulaires, disques, paillettes, rectangulaires, ...). Par ailleurs, un liant introduit dans la poudre propulsive est indispensable pour assurer la rigidité du bloc propulsif des solutions relatives aux figures 4 et 5, solutions qui nécessitent également une modification au niveau du système de culasse de l'arme de chasse pour parfaire l'étanchéité au départ du coup.As regards the propulsive system, FIG. 2 shows a variant in which the powder 2 is housed in a combustible case 6 based on nitrocellulose closed by a shutter cap 7 which is not metallic combustible or not provided with a primer 5. The FIG. 3 shows the powder 2 housed in a fully combustible case 8, the bottom of which comprises a combustible primer 9. In FIG. 4, the propulsion system is constituted by a propellant block 10 with agglomerated charge without case directly in the combustion chamber, l rear seal being obtained using a shutter base 7 of the same type as that relating to FIG. 3 comprising a primer 5 with mechanical percussion. Finally, in the case of FIG. 5, the propulsion system is of the entirely combustible type, since the combustible primer 11 is integrated into the propulsion unit 10 itself. The powders that can be used are those from the field of conventional hunting powders. They are in principle simple base and different shapes (spherical, rods, tubular, multitubular, discs, flakes, rectangular, ...). Furthermore, a binder introduced into the propellant powder is essential to ensure the rigidity of the propellant block of the solutions relating to FIGS. 4 and 5, solutions which also require modification at the level of the breech system of the hunting weapon to perfect the tightness at the start of the blow.

Les figures 6 à 9 montrent divers types de projectiles flèches combinés, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, avec un système propulsif tel que celui schématisé sur la figure 1, comprenant une douille classique remplie de poudre, fermée par un culot muni d'une amorce à percussion. Toutes les combinaisons entre diverses techniques de lancement de la flèche et divers systèmes propulsifs sont possibles. Ces munitions sont adaptées pour être tirées à partir d'une arme de chasse dotée soit d'un tube lisse choké ou non, soit d'un tube faiblement rayé.FIGS. 6 to 9 show various types of arrow projectiles combined, by way of nonlimiting example, with a propellant system such as that shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, comprising a conventional cartridge case filled with powder, closed by a base provided with a percussion primer. Any combination of various boom launch techniques and various propulsion systems is possible. These ammunitions are adapted to be fired from a hunting weapon provided either with a smooth tube, choked or not, or with a weakly scratched tube.

La figure 6 montre un pénétrateur 12, enserré par un sabot de lancement 13 constitué de plusieurs éléments maintenus entre eux par deux ceintures 14a et 14b en contact de la chambre (23) du tube de l'arme de chasse. Le pénétrateur très effilé 12 est terminé à l'arrière par un empennage 15 pour la stabilisation sur trajectoire. Le sabot est constitué de deux éléments adjacents longitudinalement formant la partie tubulaire 16 enserrant la partie centrale du pénétrateur. Ces éléments présentent des épaulements extérieurs à la périphérie desquels sont fixees les ceintures 14a et 14b qui s'appuient sur la chambre du tube de l'arme. Outre ses fonctions d'assemblage des éléments du système de lancement, les ceintures 14a et 14b assurent d'une part une bonne étanchéité pendant la phase de lancement du projectile et permettent d'autre part d'obtenir une regularité balistique satisfaisante grâce à la pression de forcement développée lors du fluage des ces ceintures au cône de forcement 26 du tube de l'arme de chasse liaison chambre 23 et âme du tube 27. Par ailleurs elles permettant le tir à partir de tubes chokés (cas des fusils de chasse). Des matériaux tels que plomb, plomb+antimoine, matières plastiques, composites, carton chargé ou non ... peuvent être employés pour la réalisation de ces ceintures. L'épaulement arrière 17b constitue une plaque de poussée soumise à la pression des gaz de propulsion engendrés par la combustion de la poudre, tandis que l'épaulement avant 17a constitue une plaque de guidage.Figure 6 shows a penetrator 12, enclosed by a launch shoe 13 consisting of several elements held together by two belts 14a and 14b in contact with the chamber (23) of the tube of the hunting weapon. The very tapered penetrator 12 is terminated at the rear by a tail unit 15 for stabilization on the trajectory. The shoe consists of two longitudinally adjacent elements forming the tubular part 16 enclosing the central part of the indenter. These elements have external shoulders at the periphery of which are fixed the belts 14a and 14b which rest on the chamber of the barrel of the weapon. In addition to its functions of assembling the elements of the launching system, the belts 14a and 14b ensure on the one hand a good seal during the launching phase of the projectile and on the other hand allow to obtain a satisfactory ballistic regularity thanks to the pressure forcing developed during the creep of these belts to the forcing cone 26 of the tube of the hunting weapon connecting chamber 23 and core of the tube 27. Furthermore, they allow firing from choké tubes (case of hunting rifles). Materials such as lead, lead + antimony, plastics, composites, loaded or unloaded cardboard ... can be used for the production of these belts. The rear shoulder 17b constitutes a thrust plate subjected to the pressure of the propellant gases generated by the combustion of the powder, while the front shoulder 17a constitutes a guide plate.

On note que le sabot ne maintient le pénétrateur que dans sa partie centrale, l'empennage 15 étant situé à l'arrière de la plaque de poussée, ce qui permet de qualifier ce système de lancement de tracteur-pousseur. Suivant la géométrie des éléments, et notamment leurs profils longitudinaux, les éléments du sabot se détachent du pénétrateur à la sortie du tube de l'arme., soit de l'avant vers l'arrière, soit de préférence de l'arrière vers l'avant pour éviter l'appui des éléments du sabot sur le pénétrateur lors de la séparation, ou les chocs de ces éléments avec l'empannage du pénétrateur.It is noted that the shoe maintains the penetrator only in its central part, the tail unit 15 being located at the rear of the thrust plate, which makes it possible to qualify this launching system as a pusher tractor. According to the geometry of the elements, and in particular their longitudinal profiles, the elements of the sabot are detached from the indenter at the exit of the barrel of the weapon, either from the front towards the rear, or preferably from the rear towards the 'before to avoid the support of the elements of the shoe on the indenter during separation, or the shocks of these elements with the jibing of the indenter.

La figure 7 illustre une autre configuration de sabot détachable approximativement cylindrique, présentant une plaque de poussée 18, et supportant les ceintures 14a et 14b, tandis qu'il maintient le pénétrateur au niveau de l'arrière de l'empennage 15. Ce système de lancement est dit pousseur, son ouverture se faisant généralement par l'avant. On peut cependent réaliser un sabot présentant une partie avant ajourée 19 pour le passage de l'empennage du pénétrateur, laquelle glisse alors, dès la sortie du tube de l'arme de chasse, à l'intérieur du sabot et s'en sépare sans que ce dernier ne s'ouvre ou ne s'ouvre totalement.FIG. 7 illustrates another configuration of detachable approximately cylindrical shoe, presenting a thrust plate 18, and supporting the belts 14a and 14b, while it maintains the indenter at the rear of the tail unit. This system of launching is called pusher, its opening is generally done from the front. However, it is possible to make a shoe having a perforated front part 19 for the passage of the tail of the indenter, which then slides, as soon as it leaves the tube of the hunting weapon, inside the shoe and separates from it without that it does not open or fully opens.

Sur la figure 8, on voit un sabot détachable qui enserre le pénètrateur sur sa partie centrale et ne présente qu'une seule saillie extérieure 20 supportant la ceinture d'étanchéité 21. Les plaques de poussée et de guidage sont confondues et placées au milieu du sabot. L'empennage du pénétrateur est en contact direct avec la poudre propulsive qui agit aussi sur l'ensemble du sabot qui est alors du type "selle".In FIG. 8, we can see a detachable shoe which encloses the penetrator on its central part and has only one external projection 20 supporting the sealing belt 21. The pushing and guide plates are combined and placed in the middle of the shoe. The tail of the indenter is in direct contact with the propellant powder which also acts on the whole hoof which is then of the "saddle" type.

La figure 9 illustre un mode de réalisation de la munition selon l'invention comportant un sabot tracteur. En effet, les gaz issus de la combustion de la poudre agissent sur le pénétrateur au niveau de son empennage 15, et grâce à la partie ajourée 22 du sabot, sur la partie avant 20 de celui-ci qui supporte la ceinture d'étanchéité 21.FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of the ammunition according to the invention comprising a tractor shoe. Indeed, the gases from the combustion of the powder act on the indenter at its tail 15, and thanks to the perforated part 22 of the shoe, on the front part 20 of the latter which supports the sealing belt 21 .

Les projectiles schématisés sur les figures 6 à 9 peuvent être soit entièrement contenus dans la chambre 23 du tube illustrée sur la figure 6 (alors que la longueur de cette chambre est simplement indiquée sur les autres figures entre les traits mixtes verticaux X et X'), soit partiellement ou totalement engagés dans le tube de l'arme, soit partiellement engagée dans la douille.The projectiles shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 6 to 9 can either be entirely contained in the chamber 23 of the tube illustrated in FIG. 6 (while the length of this chamber is simply indicated in the other figures between the vertical mixed lines X and X ′), either partially or totally engaged in the barrel of the weapon, or partially engaged in the socket.

Pour l'utilisation dans un tube rayé 24, la figure 10 montre une munition de chasse comportant un pénétrateur et à tire d'exemple un sabot du type de celui représenté figure 6 présentant toutefois une ceinture 25 d'étanchéité coulissante pour empêcher la rotation du projectile. Le système n'est pas indispensable si l'arme est faiblement rayée.For use in a striped tube 24, FIG. 10 shows a hunting ammunition comprising a penetrator and, for example, a shoe of the type of that represented in FIG. 6, however having a sliding sealing belt 25 to prevent rotation of the projectile. The system is not essential if the weapon is slightly scratched.

Les projectiles illustrés sur les figures 6 à 9 et tirés à partir des tubes lisses ou faiblement rayés peuvent recevoir une bourre d'étanchéité placée à l'arrière du sabot de lancement qui assure, outre une fonction d'étanchéité aux gaz propulsifs, une diminution du choc de recul reçu par le chasseur. Toutefois, le sabot pousseur de la figure 7 est le mieux adapté à recevoir une bourre classique du commerce sans modification de cette dernière. Par contre une bourre serait préjudiciable au bon fonctionnement du projectile dans le cas de tir à partir d'une arme de chasse à tube fortement rayé comme l'indique par exemple la figure 10.The projectiles illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 9 and fired from smooth or slightly scratched tubes can receive a sealing wad placed at the rear of the launching shoe which ensures, in addition to a sealing function with propellant gases, a reduction the recoil shock received by the hunter. However, the pusher shoe of Figure 7 is best suited to receive a conventional commercial flock without modification of the latter. On the other hand, a wad would be detrimental to the proper functioning of the projectile in the case of shooting from a hunting weapon with a strongly striped tube as indicated for example in FIG. 10.

Suivant le type d'arme utilisée, le calibre de l'arme, la nature du pénétrateur et le système de lancement employé, le pénétrateur peut avoir des dimensions très variables. A titre d'exemple, le table suivant montre l'importance du projectile en fonction de l'arme, à partir de 3 calibres.

Figure imgb0001
Depending on the type of weapon used, the caliber of the weapon, the nature of the penetrator and the launch system used, the penetrator can have very variable dimensions. As an example, the following table shows the importance of the projectile depending on the weapon, from 3 calibers.
Figure imgb0001

Ces résultats peuvent être comparés à ceux stipulés dans le tableau suivant avec des balles classiques, dont les résultats ont été recueillis dans la littérature.

Figure imgb0002
These results can be compared to those stipulated in the following table with conventional bullets, the results of which have been collected in the literature.
Figure imgb0002

La comparaison de ces deux tableaux confirme nettement les avantages que présente l'utilisation d'une munition à énergie cinétique de type flèche, avantages qui augmentent avec le calibre. Il est a noter que l'énergie cinétique à la bouche rapportée à la section frontale du projectile en vol (flèche ou balle) est trois fois plus importante pour des armes de calibre 6 mm, 6 fois plus importante pour des armes de calibre 10 mm, et 20 fois plus importante pour des fusils de chasse de calibre 12. L'énergie cinétique surfacique à l'impact est un des facteurs les plus importants pour arrêter mortellement le gros gibier rencontré.The comparison of these two tables clearly confirms the advantages which the use of a kinetic energy munition of arrow type, advantages which increase with the caliber. It should be noted that the kinetic energy at the muzzle referred to the frontal section of the projectile in flight (arrow or bullet) is three times greater for weapons of caliber 6 mm, 6 times greater for weapons of caliber 10 mm , and 20 times greater for 12 gauge shotguns. The surface kinetic energy at impact is one of the most important factors in fatally arresting large game encountered.

Par ailleurs, la présente invention a été appliquée à une munition de chasse pour arme à tube lisse de calibre 12 compte-tenu des contraintes suivantes.Furthermore, the present invention has been applied to hunting ammunition for a 12-gauge smooth-tube weapon, taking into account the following constraints.

Il faut respecteur la longueur de la cartouche classique afin que la nouvelle munition puisse être tirée dans un fusil automatique. Cette hypothèse est très contraignante car elle ne permet pas d'utiliser toutes les possibilités intrinsèques d'une munition flèche. Il faut aussi respecter la pression de tir dans les conditions normales d'emploi, et obtenir un rapport qualité-prix très supérieur à la munition classique.The length of the conventional cartridge must be respected so that the new ammunition can be fired in an automatic rifle. This assumption is very restrictive because it does not allow to use all the intrinsic possibilities of a munition arrow. It is also necessary to respect the firing pressure under normal conditions of use, and obtain a quality-price ratio much higher than conventional ammunition.

Par rapport à la balle classique, on obtient une augmentation de la vitesse initiale de l'ordre de 20%. La trainée aérodynamique diminue, ce qui confère au pénétrateur une énergie suffisante pour détruire le gros gibier aux distances usuelles de tir (en principe jusqu'à 200 m). A la bouche, l'énergie surfacique du pénétrateur est 3 fois supérieure et à 100 mètres 20 fois supérieure. De plus, on diminue de l'impulsion de recul de 16%. La munition selon l'invention présente une grande précision de tir donc une grande probabilité d'atteinte aux distances usuelles de tir.Compared to the classic ball, an initial speed increase of around 20% is obtained. The aerodynamic drag decreases, which gives the penetrator sufficient energy to destroy the big game at the usual shooting distances (in principle up to 200 m). At the mouth, the surface energy of the penetrator is 3 times greater and at 100 meters 20 times greater. In addition, the recoil impulse is reduced by 16%. The ammunition according to the invention has a high firing precision, therefore a high probability of reaching the usual firing distances.

Claims (4)

1. Ammunition for a hunting weapon of the type comprising an under-gauged projectile which is stabilized by a fin (4,15) and powered by powder contained inside a case, formed of a penetrating part (3 or 12) and a sabot (4 or 13), characterized in that the sabot (4 or 13) is formed of a material which is not subject to fragmentation after the ejection and consists either of a single piece or of two separable pieces.
2. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the sabot surrounds almost the whole of the penetrating part and has a front thrust plate and a perforated rear guiding plate.
3. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the sabot surrounds the penetrating part at the rear part thereof and has a rear thrust plate (17b).
4. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the case is partly or entirely combustible.
EP84402435A 1983-11-29 1984-11-29 Munition for sporting guns Expired EP0143720B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84402435T ATE37950T1 (en) 1983-11-29 1984-11-29 AMMUNITION FOR HUNTING RIFLE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR8318988 1983-11-29
FR8318988A FR2555728B1 (en) 1983-11-29 1983-11-29 HUNTING WEAPON AMMUNITION

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EP0143720A1 EP0143720A1 (en) 1985-06-05
EP0143720B1 true EP0143720B1 (en) 1988-10-12

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FR2606500B1 (en) * 1986-06-05 1990-07-06 Sauvestre Jean Claude HUNTING AMMUNITION WITH INCREASED COMBUSTION VOLUME
FR2602583B1 (en) * 1986-08-07 1990-08-03 Sauvestre Jean Claude SUB-CALIBRATED BOOM-TYPE HUNTING BALL WITH INCREASED TERMINAL EFFICIENCY ON SOFT TARGETS
DE3811597A1 (en) * 1988-04-07 1989-10-19 Dynamit Nobel Ag DRIVING CAGE FOR A SUB-CALIBAR FLOOR
DE4323209C2 (en) * 1993-07-12 1997-07-31 Brenneke Wilhelm Kg Push plate for sabot projectiles, in particular for wing-stabilized projectiles with wings covered to the rear
FR2708730B1 (en) * 1993-08-06 1995-10-20 Sauvestre Jean Claude Launcher with controlled separation of elements for ammunition.
US5583284A (en) * 1994-09-13 1996-12-10 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for monitoring grease consistency
FR2724450B1 (en) * 1994-09-13 1997-01-17 Sauvestre Jean Claude DOUBLE PENETRATION HUNTING BALL WITH REDUCED RANGE
FR2726357B1 (en) * 1994-10-26 1997-01-17 Sauvestre Jean Claude TELESCOPED BOOM HUNTING BALL, COMPRISING A SUB-PROJECTILE ASSOCIATED WITH A LAUNCHER
DE4440306C2 (en) * 1994-11-11 2002-09-12 Walter Keicher sabots
FR2769700B1 (en) 1997-10-13 1999-12-24 Jean Claude Sauvestre IMPROVED SEALING LAUNCHER FOR AMMUNITION OF THE TYPE COMPRISING A LAUNCHER ASSOCIATED WITH A SUB-PROJECTILE
FR2795170B1 (en) 1999-06-18 2002-06-28 Jean Claude Sauvestre BALL WITH INTERNAL ARROW
FR2859523B1 (en) 2003-09-10 2005-12-02 Jean Claude Sauvestre HUNTING BALL WITH REDUCED AERODYNAMIC TRAINING
AT502547B1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2009-10-15 Winter Udo Mag CARTRIDGE
CN112524997B (en) * 2020-11-27 2022-08-16 江苏科技大学 Modularized bullet holder separating device and using method thereof

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US3311057A (en) * 1965-08-03 1967-03-28 Joseph B Quinlan Combustible caseless ammunition
US3834314A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-09-10 Aai Corp Puller sabot ammunition with slip seal
FR2335818A1 (en) * 1975-12-19 1977-07-15 Le Neillon Richard High power, high precision finned projectile for hunting weapon - guided within barrel by expanded polystyrene sabots
US4015527A (en) * 1976-03-10 1977-04-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Caseless ammunition round with spin stabilized metal flechette and disintegrating sabot
US4148259A (en) * 1977-10-03 1979-04-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Sabot assembly for a subcaliber spin stabilized projectile
DE2836963A1 (en) * 1978-08-24 1984-03-08 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf AMMUNITION UNIT FOR TUBE ARMS
US4326464A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-04-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Gusset discarding sabot munition

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DE3474590D1 (en) 1988-11-17
ATE37950T1 (en) 1988-10-15
FR2555728B1 (en) 1987-03-20
FR2555728A1 (en) 1985-05-31
EP0143720A1 (en) 1985-06-05

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