EP0728222A1 - Poche de traitement de metal liquide de faible encombrement - Google Patents
Poche de traitement de metal liquide de faible encombrementInfo
- Publication number
- EP0728222A1 EP0728222A1 EP95900816A EP95900816A EP0728222A1 EP 0728222 A1 EP0728222 A1 EP 0728222A1 EP 95900816 A EP95900816 A EP 95900816A EP 95900816 A EP95900816 A EP 95900816A EP 0728222 A1 EP0728222 A1 EP 0728222A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- immersion
- immersion heaters
- treatment
- liquid metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002470 thermal conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001667 episodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/064—Obtaining aluminium refining using inert or reactive gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/066—Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
- C22B9/055—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ while the metal is circulating, e.g. combined with filtration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/02—Ohmic resistance heating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bag for treatment, by gas flow, of liquid metal, in particular aluminum or its alloys but also magnesium or its alloys, of small size and having improved thermal or other performance.
- This treatment is usually carried out by insufflation of a suitable gas, for example of the Ar type containing a few percent of chlorine, using a rotor immersed in the liquid metal itself contained in a treatment bag.
- a suitable gas for example of the Ar type containing a few percent of chlorine
- it is generally carried out continuously just before the casting itself is carried out continuously, the ladle thus being able to serve as a ladle.
- a pocket comprises one or more treatment compartments, each of them containing a gas blowing rotor, the latter being able to treat only a determined volume of liquid metal; often there are two compartments.
- the pocket can also be fitted with an adjoining outlet compartment.
- the pockets can be heated using heating walls or covers, but such a device, if it allows pockets to be reduced in size, has the disadvantage of having an insufficient thermal efficiency, be ineffective and give strong temperature gradients in the liquid metal.
- the heating covers can cause increased pollution of the surface of the liquid metal by oxidation and formation of dross. Maintenance and cleaning problems are also important.
- the heating can be carried out using a block of graphite immersed in the liquid metal; in the block are inserted heating tubes.
- Such a device gives insufficiently efficient heating, presents problems of maintenance and quality of the metal due to the use of graphite and has a random lifetime also linked to the use of graphite.
- the heating of a treatment compartment can also be carried out using a single immersion heater comprising a heating part immersed in the liquid metal and an emerging riser intended for electrical connections and its handling.
- a single immersion heater generally consists, in its heating part, of an electrical resistance embedded in a refractory substance which is a good thermal conductor and electrical insulator, the whole being contained in a sheath also a good thermal conductor which must resist liquid metal.
- This sheath is advantageously made of sintered ceramic, for example sialon, which resists well to liquid VA1 or its alloys.
- the immersion heaters usually used in this application have a large diameter, generally around at least 110 to 200 mm.
- Immersion heaters of this type have the advantage of providing efficient heating with good thermal efficiency. Nevertheless, there are still gaps concerning the speed of heating, the control and the uniformity of temperatures in each of the treatment compartments but also in the outlet compartment, the dimensions of the latter not allowing the installation of this type of immersion heaters. Pockets equipped with rotor and this type of large diameter immersion heaters can be used in different ways.
- An immersion heater and a rotor can be installed simultaneously in a treatment compartment; but in this case there is a reduced processing capacity and cleaning and maintenance problems associated with the size of the immersion heater and the rotor permanently mounted in the compartment, and the fouling of the liquid metal bath.
- the solution which seems to offer the best current compromise, consists of installing a large space heater immersion temporarily in a treatment compartment during the transient periods of maintaining or warming up the liquid metal and then replacing it with the insufflation rotor of gas at the time of processing and pouring.
- the efficiency and the efficiency of heating by immersion heater are preserved without greatly aggravating the temperature heterogeneity at the time of casting (after the replacement of the immersion heater by the rotor), and the capacity of the ladle and the problems are improved. cleaning and maintenance.
- this operating mode requires the use of a handling gantry which significantly increases the footprint of the installation, a device of this type is illustrated for example in French patent FR 2514370, moreover the performance of this operating mode is limited to the measurement of the type of immersion heaters used, as has been seen above.
- the Applicant has sought to solve the problems of homogeneity and control of the temperature of the bag due to the use of the type of immersion heater described above and the problems of operation and size of the bag also linked to employment. of this type of immersion heater.
- the invention is a bag for the continuous treatment of liquid metal, comprising one or more compartments, each treatment compartment comprising a device for introducing treatment gas, characterized in that each said treatment compartment further comprises at minus a small diameter immersion heater with a high unit power.
- the ladle is particularly suitable for processing aluminum or its alloys, but also magnesium or its alloys.
- the immersion heater has a small diameter and a large power, which results in a dissipated power per unit of surface area, which is all the greater, it is unexpected not to note any burning of the metal.
- the immersion heaters and the gas introduction device are therefore immersed and installed simultaneously in the pocket during operation, which thus avoids handling them with each new pouring.
- a simple device can, however, make it possible to lift all of the immersion heaters, or even rotors, to completely clear the surface of the bath for episodic cleaning.
- the treatment is generally carried out on parade on raw liquid metal circulating continuously in the pocket, coming from a processing installation, the treated metal leaving the pocket to be directly cast in different forms: plates, billets, strips, molded parts, etc.
- the treatment gas is generally a gas inert with respect to the treated metal, for example argon, which can however be added with a reactive gas, for example chlorine, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the device of the invention is particularly advantageous for ensuring that the bag is maintained or brought up to temperature for continuous treatments; it is likewise well suited to batch processing.
- the bag is generally of large capacity, containing several tonnes of liquid metal, and may comprise one or preferably several treatment compartments proper, each of them being equipped with a device for introducing gas, for example immersed rotors and several immersion heaters (generally two or more). It can also include an outlet compartment which makes it possible to flow only clean metal which is not polluted by any dross coming from the treatment or from a surface oxidation of the molten metal during the treatment.
- the invention applies more generally to all types of bags, including those of small dimensions or to test bags, with the same advantages.
- the immersion heaters used in the invention are of the type with electrical resistance embedded in a refractory and protected by a sheath; they include, like those known from the prior art, a heating part immersed in the liquid metal enhanced with a non-heating and non-immersed extension allowing electrical connections and handling; their heating part is covered with a sheath advantageously made of sintered ceramic, for example alumina, zirconia, Alon, sialon, mixed oxynitride (of the MgAlON type), itride, boride, etc., which resists liquid aluminum well and has a excellent thermal conductivity compared to those of the prior art, on the other hand they are of a very small size for an equivalent power.
- the advantages linked to the use of the bag according to the invention are especially obtained with immersion heaters whose heating part has a diameter of less than 100 mm; but the invention finds especially its interest when the diameter is less than 40 mm, or better still less than 30 mm.
- the small diameter of the immersion heaters it is unexpected to be able to dissipate an energy greater than 5 kW per meter of immersed heating part, or better still greater than 10 kW / m, or even 20 kW / m, without the liquid metal is burnt and without the temperature difference between the liquid metal and the immersion heater exceeding a few tens of ° C.
- the heating part prefferably covers the entire height of the liquid metal bath.
- the immersion heaters can be installed close (a few centimeters) from the inside of the walls of the ladle without affecting the temperature uniformity of the liquid metal, including during transitional periods. By grouping the immersion heaters of a pocket along the same wall, it facilitates maintenance and cleaning problems.
- the outlet compartment is also very advantageous for the outlet compartment to be equipped with at least one immersion heater of this type, the temperature of the metal therein thus being able to be brought precisely to the desired value.
- the immersion heaters are permanently installed in the pockets during operating periods; however, they can be fixed on a simple lifting device, preferably motorized and permanently installed on the pocket, so as to remove or manipulate them easily to carry out the maintenance operations of the pocket, skimming and scouring of the bath surface. It is also advantageous to mount the immersion heaters integrally on a single frame or on a bath access hatch, actuated by the lifting system, so as to be able to handle them together and to further facilitate the operations mentioned above.
- Improvements can also be made by using said lifting device to simultaneously lift the rotor and the immersion heaters, or by installing said rotor on the same frame or trap as the immersion heaters.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a pocket according to the invention comprising a single treatment compartment and an outlet compartment.
- the enclosure (1) of the pocket which has a single treatment compartment (2) separated by a partition (3) from the outlet compartment (4) communicating from below with the treatment compartment (2).
- the enclosure (1) may consist of an external metal casing and an internal refractory lining (not shown).
- the pocket is supplied with (5) by the raw metal to be treated, while the treated metal leaves at (6) to be poured.
- the liquid metal is treated using a rotor device (8) comprising a line (9) for bringing the gas into the liquid metal (7). It is heated by a battery of immersion heaters (10) having their heating part (11) immersed and their extension (12) allowing, among other things, their electrical connection (13). Similarly, an immersion heater (14) is installed in the outlet compartment (4).
- the bag can advantageously include two (or more) treatment compartments of type (2), in order to process a higher metal flow rate. They usually operate in series, or according to any other arrangement compatible with operating constraints, and opening into the outlet compartment.
- Each of the compartments typically includes a gas introduction device (rotor for example) and two immersion heaters which are generally sufficient to ensure temperature control while avoiding an excessive bulk of the interior space of the pocket.
- a pocket having a capacity of 4 t of aluminum, or its alloys, and comprising two treatment compartments and an outlet compartment in series has been equipped with a rotor and two immersion heaters per treatment compartment and one immersion heater in the outlet compartment.
- the immersion heaters are all identical, have a unit power of 10 kW, a total length of 1 m, a heating length of 500 mm and an outside diameter of the heating part of 28 mm.
- the maximum temperature differences do not exceed 5 ° C and the temperature of the outlet compartment does not deviate by more than 5 ° C from the pouring temperature; moreover the time separating two flows does not exceed 1 h.
- the maximum temperature differences are approximately 40 ° C., without the temperature of the outlet compartment can be very precisely regulated, and the time between two flows, including the immersion / rotor change times, is at least 2 h. Furthermore, such a pocket with its specific handling equipment occupies a space on the ground approximately 30% higher than that occupied by the pocket according to the invention.
- the bag according to the invention has the following advantages:
- the homogeneity and the control of the temperature in the treatment compartments and in the outlet compartment are improved, during the periods of setting, as of keeping, in temperature; this allows the temperature of the cast metal to be perfectly controlled, therefore avoiding the loss of metal at the start of casting for non-compliance and increasing the quality of the parts obtained.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9313808 | 1993-11-12 | ||
FR9313808A FR2712217B1 (fr) | 1993-11-12 | 1993-11-12 | Poche de traitement de métal liquide de faible encombrement et de performances améliorées. |
PCT/FR1994/001305 WO1995013402A1 (fr) | 1993-11-12 | 1994-11-08 | Poche de traitement de metal liquide de faible encombrement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0728222A1 true EP0728222A1 (fr) | 1996-08-28 |
EP0728222B1 EP0728222B1 (fr) | 1998-01-14 |
Family
ID=9453006
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95900816A Expired - Lifetime EP0728222B1 (fr) | 1993-11-12 | 1994-11-08 | Poche de traitement de metal liquide de faible encombrement |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5494265A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0728222B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3790543B2 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU680703B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2176136C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69407992T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2113724T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2712217B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1995013402A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6217631B1 (en) | 1996-07-17 | 2001-04-17 | C. Edward Eckert | Method and apparatus for treating molten aluminum |
US6049067A (en) * | 1997-02-18 | 2000-04-11 | Eckert; C. Edward | Heated crucible for molten aluminum |
US6069910A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 2000-05-30 | Eckert; C. Edward | High efficiency system for melting molten aluminum |
US5963580A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-10-05 | Eckert; C. Edward | High efficiency system for melting molten aluminum |
JP4248798B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-14 | 2009-04-02 | 株式会社パイロテック・ジャパン | インライン脱ガス装置 |
US6850551B1 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2005-02-01 | C. Edward Eckert | Electric heater for molten aluminum |
DE202007001448U1 (de) * | 2007-01-26 | 2007-03-22 | Strikowestofen Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Behandlung einer Metallschmelze |
CA2675273C (fr) * | 2007-02-23 | 2016-03-29 | Alcoa Inc. | Installation et procede pour traitement en ligne de metal en fusion au moyen de reactif de sel solide dans un degazeur a cuve profonde |
WO2008118120A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-02 | Alcoa Inc. | Ensemble de chauffage et procédé pour traiter un métal fondu |
JP2010096401A (ja) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-04-30 | Sanken Sangyo Co Ltd | 非鉄金属溶解炉 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US372447A (en) * | 1887-11-01 | Charles batchbloe | ||
US2408467A (en) * | 1944-11-10 | 1946-10-01 | Reconstruction Finance Corp | Conditioning molten metal |
US3724447A (en) * | 1971-10-27 | 1973-04-03 | Aluminum Co Of America | Immersion heater |
US4021026A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1977-05-03 | Union Carbide Corporation | Protection for externally heated cast iron vessel used to contain a reactive molten metal |
FR2514370B1 (fr) * | 1981-10-14 | 1989-09-29 | Pechiney Aluminium | Dispositif pour le traitement, au passage, d'un courant de metal ou alliage liquide a base d'aluminium ou de magnesium |
US4705260A (en) * | 1982-06-04 | 1987-11-10 | Republic Steel Corporation | Furnace for heating and melting zinc |
DE3512868A1 (de) * | 1985-04-04 | 1986-10-09 | W. Strikfeldt & Koch Gmbh, 5276 Wiehl | Ofen, insbesondere schmelz- oder warmhalteofen fuer metall |
US4961563A (en) * | 1989-06-12 | 1990-10-09 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Tundish for ingot pouring |
JP2981282B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-28 | 1999-11-22 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 金属濾過装置のドロス除去装置 |
-
1993
- 1993-11-12 FR FR9313808A patent/FR2712217B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-11-08 AU AU81480/94A patent/AU680703B2/en not_active Expired
- 1994-11-08 DE DE69407992T patent/DE69407992T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-08 WO PCT/FR1994/001305 patent/WO1995013402A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1994-11-08 CA CA002176136A patent/CA2176136C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-08 JP JP51364195A patent/JP3790543B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-08 EP EP95900816A patent/EP0728222B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-08 ES ES95900816T patent/ES2113724T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-05-17 US US08/442,752 patent/US5494265A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
193 919 (MITSUI MINING & SMELTING CO) 14 Juillet 1992 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 16, no. 518 (C-0999) 26 Octobre 1992 & JP,A,04 * |
See also references of WO9513402A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU680703B2 (en) | 1997-08-07 |
FR2712217B1 (fr) | 1995-12-22 |
DE69407992D1 (de) | 1998-02-19 |
CA2176136C (fr) | 2000-11-07 |
AU8148094A (en) | 1995-05-29 |
JP3790543B2 (ja) | 2006-06-28 |
JPH09509218A (ja) | 1997-09-16 |
CA2176136A1 (fr) | 1995-05-18 |
ES2113724T3 (es) | 1998-05-01 |
US5494265A (en) | 1996-02-27 |
DE69407992T2 (de) | 1998-07-30 |
EP0728222B1 (fr) | 1998-01-14 |
WO1995013402A1 (fr) | 1995-05-18 |
FR2712217A1 (fr) | 1995-05-19 |
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