EP0726554A1 - Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden - Google Patents

Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0726554A1
EP0726554A1 EP96200241A EP96200241A EP0726554A1 EP 0726554 A1 EP0726554 A1 EP 0726554A1 EP 96200241 A EP96200241 A EP 96200241A EP 96200241 A EP96200241 A EP 96200241A EP 0726554 A1 EP0726554 A1 EP 0726554A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
traffic
traffic light
diodes
power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96200241A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0726554B1 (de
Inventor
Peter A. Hochstein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP00200818A priority Critical patent/EP1011084A3/de
Priority to EP00200808A priority patent/EP1011083A3/de
Publication of EP0726554A1 publication Critical patent/EP0726554A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0726554B1 publication Critical patent/EP0726554B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096708—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
    • G08G1/096716—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control where the received information does not generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
    • G08C23/04—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems using light waves, e.g. infrared
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/07—Controlling traffic signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/095—Traffic lights
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096733—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place
    • G08G1/096758—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place where no selection takes place on the transmitted or the received information
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
    • G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
    • G08G1/096766—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission
    • G08G1/096783—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission where the origin of the information is a roadside individual element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
    • H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
    • H04B10/116—Visible light communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode

Definitions

  • the subject invention relates to a traffic control system of the type including a traffic light that provides an illuminated signal for controlling the movement of a vehicle.
  • Traffic lights have been used since the early 1900's to control vehicular traffic flow by advising drivers when and where to stop, proceed, turn, etc.
  • the growing use of traffic lights attests to their effectiveness in directing traffic flow, reducing the incidence of accidents, and most recently to their utility in controlling the flow of traffic through large metropolitan areas when used in conjunction with computer driven systems.
  • L.E.D. light emitting diodes
  • L.E.D.-based traffic lights can be found in United States Patent numbers 4,729,076 and 5,136,287.
  • the main advantages of L.E.D.-based traffic lights over an incandescent-based traffic lights are much lower power usage, i.e. higher luminous efficiency, and much longer lamp life. Other than luminous efficiency and lamp life, other important properties of light emitting diodes have not yet been utilized in traffic control systems.
  • the present invention incorporates improvements in traffic light technology made possible by the use of light emitting diodes.
  • the present invention is a traffic control system for controlling the movement of a vehicle by providing a visual signal in the form of light rays and for using the light rays to transmit digital information.
  • the system comprises a traffic light including a plurality of light emitting diodes for projecting light rays and a power supply for supplying power to illuminate the diodes for a predetermined duty cycle consisting of an ON period followed by an OFF period short enough to be humanly imperceivable.
  • the present invention is characterized by a modulator for varying the length of time of the duty cycle to transmit the digital information.
  • the primary advantage of the present invention is the provision of a traffic control system that utilizes the light emitted from a traffic light to optically transmit digital information to the driver of a vehicle.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is the provision of a traffic light retrofit comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes which can be used to replace incandescent-based traffic lights to thereby cut energy and maintenance costs.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is the provision of a L.E.D.-based traffic light having a battery back-up for providing emergency power.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is a traffic light system that utilizes the light emitted from a traffic light to remotely detect and distinguish a "red”, “yellow”, or "green” light.
  • the traffic control system 10 includes a road 12, a vehicle 14 traveling on the road 12 and a traffic light assembly 16 operatively associated with the road 12.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 comprises at least one traffic light or lamp means 18 for providing an illuminated signal.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 includes red, yellow and green traffic lights 17, 19, 21 for projecting red, yellow and green light rays to signal the driver of the vehicle 14 to "stop", “yield”, or “go”, respectively.
  • an intersection control light is depicted in Figure 1, the benefits of this invention may be applied to a variety of other applications such as pedestrian crossing signals, e.g. WALK, DON'T WALK signals or any other illuminated "traffic related" message for controlling traffic or simply providing information.
  • each traffic light or lamp means 18 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes 24 for transmitting light rays from the traffic light assembly 16.
  • the red traffic light 17 comprises a first set of light emitting diodes 17A for projecting red light rays
  • the yellow traffic light 19 comprises a second set of light emitting diodes 19A for projecting yellow light rays
  • the green traffic light 21 comprises a third set of light emitting diodes 21A for projecting green light rays.
  • Each traffic light 18 further includes d.c. power connection means 26 secured to the traffic light 18 and electrically coupled to the diodes 24 for receiving d.c. power.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 also includes a.c. power connection means 28 secured to the traffic light 18 for receiving a.c. power.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 further includes d.c. power supply means 30 secured to each traffic light 18.
  • d.c. power supply means 30 is electrically coupled to and between the a.c. power connection means 28 and the d.c. power connection means 26 for converting a.c. power received by the a.c. power connection means 28 to d.c. power so that d.c. power is supplied to said d.c. power connection means 26.
  • D.c power supply means 30 may be of conventional linear or switchmode design.
  • D.c. power supply means 30 includes a step-down transformer to bring the a.c. line voltages of 120 - 140 volts down to approximately 3.5 volts and a standard full or half wave rectifier to convert the a.c power to d.c. power.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 is characterized by a battery 32 removably connected to the traffic light 18 for supplying d.c. power to said d.c. power connection means 26 to illuminate the diodes 24.
  • the battery 32 is rechargeable.
  • battery 32 could include any sealed lead - acid, nickel - metal hydride, or lithium rechargeable batteries.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 further comprises battery charger means 33 secured to the traffic light 18 and electrically coupled to and between the a.c. power connection means 28 and the d.c. power connection means 26 for recharging the battery 32.
  • the interconnection of the backup battery 32 with the traffic light 18 is shown in Figure 4, and essentially provides for a parallel power source with the d.c. power supply means 30.
  • the output voltage of d.c. power supply means 30 would be the same as the rated operating voltage of the traffic light 18 and the nominal voltage of the battery 32. That is, if the traffic light 18 were designed to operate at 12 Volts, then the battery 32 would also have a 12 Volt output and would be charged at a comparable (slightly higher) voltage from battery charger 33.
  • the battery 32 does not supply power to the traffic light 18 until a power failure, i.e. until a.c. power from utility lines is no longer being supplied to a.c. power connection means 28.
  • a specific aspect of this invention is to provide a safety default condition whereby all the red stop lights at an intersection are flashed whenever a.c. utility power fails.
  • the default condition effectively establishes a four-way stop under battery power.
  • traffic light assembly 16 further comprises a.c. power monitoring circuit means 34 secured to each traffic light 18 for monitoring a.c. power supplied to the a.c. power connection means 28.
  • A.c. power monitoring circuit means 34 is preferably included as part of a power pack 35 which also includes battery 32. The power pack 35 may be attached to each traffic light 18 by various means. Monitoring means 34 monitors the lamp current at all the traffic lights (red 17, green 19 and yellow 21) of the traffic light assembly 16.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 further comprises switch means 36 secured to each traffic light 18 for electrically coupling the battery 32 to the d.c. power connection means 26 in response to a trigger signal from the a.c. power monitoring means 34 prompted by a predetermined decrease in a.c.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 further comprises pulsating circuit means 38 secured to each traffic light 18 and electrically coupled to the switch means 36 for causing the switch means 36 to electrically couple the battery 32 to the d.c. power connection means 26 at a predetermined frequency to illuminate the diodes 24 at the predetermined frequency.
  • the pulsating means 38 is included as an integral part of the power pack 35. If monitoring means 34 detects a loss of power to all traffic lights 18 of traffic light assembly 16, switch means 36 connects the battery 32 to traffic light 18 and pulsating means 38 causes traffic light 18 to flash at the predetermined frequency.
  • the red traffic light 17 is connected to the battery 32 upon a power loss so as to create the default flashing red condition.
  • a typical flash duty cycle of 30% will extend the battery 32 life cycle to approximately 12 hours for a 24 Watt/Hr rated battery 32.
  • the present invention allows low cost, autonomous, rechargeable battery packs to be adapted to L.E.D. - based traffic lamps in order to provide low cost emergency operation when line power outages occur, and to recharge automatically upon resumption of utility power.
  • a small, low power radio transmitter 40 may be secured to the traffic light 18 to advise a central traffic engineering office of power outages or other problems.
  • the radio transmitter 40 is electrically coupled to the switch means 36 for transmitting a radio wave in response to the trigger signal sent by monitoring means 34.
  • a digitally encoded radio transmitter 40 can be used to identify the location of the malfunctioning traffic light assembly 16.
  • a cable modem could be used to relay this information.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 may include delay means 42 secured to the traffic light 18 and electrically coupled to the radio transmitter 40 for delaying the transmission of the emitted radio wave a predetermined time after the switch means 36 receives the trigger signal. This delay is needed so that one radio frequency may be utilized by a number of traffic light assemblies without radio frequency collision by any two traffic light assemblies.
  • circuit board means 44 comprises of a planar printed circuit board which includes connection means for electrically coupling the diodes 24 in a plurality of series circuits 46 and for electrically coupling the series circuits 46 in parallel.
  • Each series circuit 46 includes an equal number of light emitting diodes 24.
  • Each traffic light 18 further comprises a traffic light housing 48.
  • the light housing 48 comprises a hollow member 50 having a front open end 52 and a rear open end 54.
  • the light housing 48 further comprises a front cover 56 for covering the front end 52 and a rear cover 58 for covering the rear end 54.
  • the diodes 24 are mounted within the hollow member 50 between the front and rear covers 56, 58.
  • the front cover 56 comprises a transparent glass or plastic material having a smooth outer surface 62. Transparent glass is necessary to allow light rays emitted by the diodes 24 to exit virtually unimpeded and smooth surface 62 is preferred to avoid accumulation of dust and dirt.
  • the front and rear covers 56, 58 form a hermetic seal with the hollow member 50.
  • the traffic control system 10 further comprises an assembly housing 64 for housing each traffic light 18.
  • Each traffic light 18 further includes mounting means 66 for removably mounting each traffic light 18 to the assembly housing 64.
  • the traffic light 18 is retrofitted to permit the use of the light in existing traffic light assembly housings currently used to house incandescent traffic lights.
  • the traffic lights 18 are preferably used with existing traffic light lens filters, which are normally stippled or equipped with small lensatic elements to achieve correct beam dispersion. These lens elements are ordinarily designed to operate in conjunction with a reflector and the quasi point source of a filament lamp. While a planar array of L.E.D.s will operate satisfactorily with existing filters and lenses, a more effective lens is needed to "fill-in" or illuminate the spaces between diodes 24 and to steer the light rays emitted from the diodes 24 to the intended target, such as the vehicle 14, to avoid wasting any light energy.
  • each traffic light 18 may include one or more refractive elements 68 positioned between the diodes 24 and the front cover 56.
  • Refractive elements 68 act as a light ray steering means to steer the light rays emitted by the diodes 24 to the intended target.
  • a spacer member 70 positioned between said circuit board means 44 and the diodes 24 can be used to point the diodes 24 in a particular direction.
  • the spacer member 70 includes an angled surface 72 against which the diodes 24 abut to physically angle the diodes 24 relative to the road surface 12.
  • L.E.D. lamps By pulsing L.E.D.'s at high rates, data can be optically transmitted from the traffic light 18 to a remotely located photodetector.
  • the diodes 24 can be used to transmit information to vehicle 14 such as announcing the presence of a traffic light and transmitting map coordinates, street names, directions or even traffic advisories.
  • Existing incandescent traffic lights cannot be used to transmit digital data because the thermal inertia of the filaments in these lamps precludes the rapid modulation of the supply current to obtain detectable changes in light output.
  • L.E.D. sources are a function of the average current that powers the L.E.D. For example, a d.c. value of 20mA might yield roughly the same perceived luminosity from a L.E.D. as a square wave (50% duty cycle) of 40mA peak current.
  • the actual modulation of L.E.D. traffic lamps is rather simple, except for the fact that the perceived luminosity of the lamps needs to be essentially constant, as their main function is to visually alert drivers. Message transmission is a secondary function that must not interfere with normal use.
  • the average current delivered to the respective diodes must be essentially constant for periods greater than approximately 30 milliseconds. This period corresponds to a flicker frequency of about 33Hz, which is perceptible by some humans.
  • Pulsing the diodes 24 of the traffic light 18 allows the remote detection of the light rays illuminated thereby as well as the identification of the light rays, i.e., whether the red, yellow, or green traffic light 17, 19, 21 is on.
  • system 10 Comprises a transmitter 20 including means for optically transmitting data from one of the traffic lights 18 of assembly 16 by turning the first, second, and third set of diodes 17A, 19A, 21A on and off at three distinct frequencies.
  • the first set of light emitting diodes 17A of the red traffic light 17 can be illuminated at 50 KHz, the second set of light emitting diodes 19A of the yellow traffic light 19 at 65 KHz, the third set of light emitting diodes 21A of the green traffic light 21 at 90 KHz.
  • the traffic lights 17, 19, 21, continue to serve their primary function of visually alerting drivers to stop, yield, or go while allowing the remote detection and identification of the lights.
  • the system 10 further comprises receiver means 22 located at a location remote from the traffic light assembly 16.
  • the receiver means 22 can be disposed on the vehicle 14, as shown in Figure 1, for optically receiving the data transmitted by the transmitter 20.
  • the receiver means 22 further includes photo-detector means for converting the light rays emitted by the red, green, and yellow traffic lights into first, second and third output signals of electric current having first, second and third output frequencies, respectively.
  • the receiver 22 further includes differential means for differentiating the first, second and third output frequencies from each other to determine whether the red, yellow or green traffic light is illuminated.
  • the receiver 22 can be battery powered, or powered by the electrical system of the vehicle 14.
  • the system 10 may include digital data transmission capability from the traffic light 18 to the vehicle 14.
  • One or all colors red, yellow, green and any turn signals, pedestrian messages, etc.
  • each traffic light red 17, yellow 19, and green 21
  • each traffic light is "on" exclusively for a certain time, therefore all traffic lights 17, 19, 21 facing one direction could share the same message generator which would then transmit the same digital code for each color change.
  • each individual traffic light 18 could be coded with a "color" precursor code to permit more sophisticated decoding schemes at the remote receivers 22.
  • the data rate must be sufficiently high as to enable digital message transmission within a single flash of a flashing red or yellow traffic light 17, 19 in order to accommodate virtually all traffic signal contingencies.
  • the most appropriate use for such traffic light message transmission capability would be audible routing directions. For example, upon approaching a given intersection, the vehicle mounted receiver 22 might announce, "Eastbound Metro Parkway at Hayes". No directional ambiguity exists because the message is only directed at oncoming traffic. Obviously, the transmitter 20 would have to be programmed to deliver the correct message, but this need be done only once, as the light remains at the same location for many years.
  • Pulse position modulation (PPM), phase shift keyed (PSK) modulation and frequency shift modulation (FSK) are typical forms of an essentially constant duty cycle modulation.
  • PPM Pulse position modulation
  • PSK phase shift keyed
  • FSK frequency shift modulation
  • the F.S.K. modulation scheme is shown in Figure 6, as it is among the simplest to implement, and it is widely employed in wired and wireless communication links.
  • Two distinct frequencies F1 and F2 are used to signal the digital 1's and 0's or mark and space data that constitute the message or data to be transmitted.
  • Having the frequencies within a 10% band would allow a single tuned input amplifier to act as preselector filter to the frequency detectors.
  • Operating the L.E.D. lamps in the 10 to 20 KHz range may be advantageous.
  • This frequency band permits easy differentiation from high intensity discharge (H.I.D.) lamps such as street lights or neon lights. These light sources may have similar spectral characteristics as the traffic lamps, and thereby interfere with reliable detection of the traffic lights 18.
  • H.I.D. high intensity discharge
  • the transmitter 20 that modulates the traffic light 18 is powered by the d.c. power supply means 30.
  • A.c. power from a conventional traffic light controller in turn powers the d.c. power supply means 30.
  • the transmitter 20 comprises a non-volatile local memory (EEPROM) or one time programmable (O.T.P.) memory chip 78 for electronically storing the digital message to be transmitted.
  • the message itself could be coded in virtually any form such as ASCII or a proprietary alphanumeric code. Additionally, digitally coded, compressed voice communication could be transmitted along with the alphanumeric text or instead of it facilitating the regeneration of high quality voice messages at the remote receiver 22.
  • the transmitter 20 further comprises a microprocessor 72 for controlling the removal of the digital message stored in the memory chip 78. The microprocessor 72 also controls the transmission of the digital message.
  • the transmitter 20 further includes a solid state switch 80.
  • the solid state switch 80 converts the coded digital message developed by the microprocessor 72 into F.S.K. format and thereafter transfers the F.S.K. modulated signal to the diodes 24 of the traffic light 18.
  • the switch 80 controls the power from the d.c. power supply means 30 to supply power to illuminate the diodes 24 for a predetermined duty cycle consisting of an ON period followed by an OFF period short enough to be humanly imperceivable
  • the microprocessor 72 further includes modulator means for varying the length of time of the duty cycle to transmit the digital information.
  • Microprocessor 72 also includes signal processor means for maintaining a constant ratio between the ON and OFF periods as the length of time of the duty cycle varies.
  • Signal processor means includes means for establishing a first length of time for the duty cycle to create a first digital signal corresponding to a digital "1" and for establishing a second length of time for the duty cycle to create a second digital signal corresponding to a digital "0".
  • first length of time corresponds to frequency F1
  • second length of time corresponds to frequency F2.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 may include power sensing means 74 for sensing when d.c. power is delivered from the d.c. power supply means 30 and a reset generator 76 for resetting the microprocessor 72 each time d.c. power is delivered to the traffic light 18 to initiate a new digital message sequence.
  • the traffic light assembly 16 may also include ambient light sensor means 60 for varying the luminosity of the diodes 24 in response to ambient light variations.
  • Ambient light sensor means 60 includes a photodetector 60 coupled to a power control element 82. Power control element 82 controls the quantity of power delivered to the diodes 24 in response to the level of ambient light detected by the photodetector 60.
  • the voltage of the pulses delivered to the traffic light 18 may be reduced to decrease brightness to further reduce power consumption while in bright sunlight the sensor means 60 would cause the power control element 82 to increase the voltage of pulses delivered to the traffic light 18.
  • the power control element 82 could consist of a linear voltage regulator, or a low loss high frequency pulse width modulation (P.W.M.) controller, both of which are commercially available devices. Note that if pulse control is utilized to control lamp brightness, the operating frequency of such a device would have to be significantly greater than the modulation frequency in order to not affect the digital coding.
  • receiver 22 receives the digital information transmitted by the diodes 24.
  • receiver 22 consists of an optical wavelength selective filter 84, a collection lens 86, and a receiver photodetector 88 coupled to a tuned amplifier 90 and a limiter 92.
  • the photodetector 88 converts the light rays emitted by the diodes 24 into an output signal of electric current.
  • the optical wavelength selective filter 84 allows only selective frequencies of light, such as F1 or F2, to reach the photo detector 88.
  • the collection lens 86 directs the light rays emitted by the diodes 24 to the photodetector 88.
  • the amplifier 90 amplifies the output signal.
  • the amplifier 90 is typically peaked to respond preferentially to the F.S.K.
  • the receiver 22 further comprises visual message display means 96 for visually displaying the digital information transmitted by the diodes 24.
  • a liquid crystal, vacuum fluorescent, L.E.D., or miniature C.R.T. display would be used to display the message transmitted by the traffic light 18.
  • the receiver 22 may also be equipped with a voice generation means 98 comprising a speaker means 99 for audibly conveying the digital information transmitted by the diodes 24.
  • dedicated voice synthesis integrated circuits would convert the digitized, transmitted voice announcement back into human speech for review by the driver.
  • Modern linear predictive coding techniques and specialized voice I.C.'s could be used to simplify the delivery of audible messages of several seconds duration.
  • Receiver 22' consists of an optical wavelength selective filter 84', a collection lens 86', and receiver photodetector 88' coupled to a tuned amplifier 90' and a limiter 92'.
  • the receiver 22' further includes an alarm generator 100 for driving a speaker 99'.
  • the receiver 22' could be set up to sound an alarm upon the detection of a red light as transmitted by the first set of diodes 17A.
  • the traffic control system 10 may be used to transmit traffic advisory messages. That is, the system 10 need not be limited to repetitive prerecorded messages.
  • a traffic light 18 positioned at specific points along a road 12, such as an intersection, may be directly accessed by cable or a wireless link from a central traffic authority to transmit messages to passing motorists.
  • One method to accomplish such a function would be to download digital message data to selected traffic lights 18 for subsequent relay to passing vehicles 12.
  • Time-out or "sunset" provisions in the software or traffic light transmitter 20 hardware could be implemented to erase messages that were no longer pertinent.
  • Another use for the traffic control system 10 described herein involves the use of the digitally coded traffic lights 18 as "signposts" for vehicular navigation systems.
  • Digitally modulated traffic lights 18 could serve as convenient, low cost sign posts for vehicular navigation systems, where unambiguous location is essential. Traffic lights are ubiquitous, and are easily adapted to transmit digital location information as well as other data.
EP96200241A 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrssteuerungssystem unter Verwendung von Leuchtdioden Expired - Lifetime EP0726554B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00200818A EP1011084A3 (de) 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden
EP00200808A EP1011083A3 (de) 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US386816 1995-02-08
US08/386,816 US5633629A (en) 1995-02-08 1995-02-08 Traffic information system using light emitting diodes

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00200818A Division EP1011084A3 (de) 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden
EP00200808A Division EP1011083A3 (de) 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0726554A1 true EP0726554A1 (de) 1996-08-14
EP0726554B1 EP0726554B1 (de) 2000-12-13

Family

ID=23527172

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00200818A Withdrawn EP1011084A3 (de) 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden
EP96200241A Expired - Lifetime EP0726554B1 (de) 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrssteuerungssystem unter Verwendung von Leuchtdioden
EP00200808A Withdrawn EP1011083A3 (de) 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00200818A Withdrawn EP1011084A3 (de) 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00200808A Withdrawn EP1011083A3 (de) 1995-02-08 1996-02-05 Verkehrsinformationssystem unter Verwendung von Lumineszenzdioden

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5633629A (de)
EP (3) EP1011084A3 (de)
CA (1) CA2169037C (de)
DE (1) DE69611192T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2153070T3 (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998037529A1 (de) * 1997-02-19 1998-08-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Datenübertragungseinrichtung für verkehrsleit- und verkehrsinformationssysteme
AU703029B3 (en) * 1997-12-18 1999-03-11 Aldridge Traffic Systems Pty Limited Door assembly for a pedestrian display traffic light assembly
WO1999011498A1 (en) * 1997-09-04 1999-03-11 Howells Railway Products Limited Plural-led lights
FR2772960A1 (fr) * 1997-12-19 1999-06-25 Daimler Benz Ag Installation d'eclairage
EP0935145A1 (de) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-11 IMS Industrial Micro System AG Optische Signal- und Anzeigevorrichtung
EP0967590A1 (de) * 1998-06-25 1999-12-29 Hewlett-Packard Company Optische Anzeigevorrichtung mit Leuchtdioden und Steuerverfahren dafür
DE19829162A1 (de) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-05 Erwin Dietz Verwendung einer elektronischen Kamera und einer mit ihr zusammenarbeitenden Bilderkennungseinrichtung in einem Automobil zum Erkennen von Verkehrszeichen
WO2000036574A1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 9022-6523 Quebec Inc. Traffic light backup system using light-emitting diodes
WO2001084521A2 (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Jones Dale G Apparatus and method for traffic signal flash mode during power outages
DE10121380A1 (de) * 2001-05-02 2002-12-19 Garufo Gmbh Elektronisch abgesicherte Stromversorgung für Schaltungsgruppen, Anzeigevorrichtung für eine sich ändernde Information
EP1515292A1 (de) * 2002-06-05 2005-03-16 Sony Corporation Kommunikationssystem für ein fahrzeug, fahrzeug und kommunikationseinrichtung für ein fahrzeug
EP1715704A1 (de) * 2004-02-02 2006-10-25 Nakagawa Laboratories, Inc. Positionsinformations-kommunikationsvorrichtung
EP2169647A1 (de) * 2007-07-17 2010-03-31 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, antenneneinheit für die beleuchtungsvorrichtung, kommunikationssystem und vorrichtung zur steuerung von verkehrssignalen
ITMO20090210A1 (it) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-08 Zetech S R L Sistema di segnalazione stradale
US8860312B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2014-10-14 Metrolight Ltd. Light emitting diodes driven by high intensity discharge ballast

Families Citing this family (173)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5661645A (en) 1996-06-27 1997-08-26 Hochstein; Peter A. Power supply for light emitting diode array
US5784006A (en) * 1996-07-05 1998-07-21 Hochstein; Peter A. Annunciator system with mobile receivers
US5654705A (en) * 1996-09-06 1997-08-05 Houten; Ronald Van Apparatus for prompting pedestrians
US5805081A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-09-08 Fikacek; Karel John Portable traffic signals
US6084533A (en) * 1997-02-28 2000-07-04 New Mexico State University Technology Transfer Corporation Directional traffic sensor system
US5838247A (en) * 1997-04-01 1998-11-17 Bladowski; Witold S. Solid state light system
US6150771A (en) 1997-06-11 2000-11-21 Precision Solar Controls Inc. Circuit for interfacing between a conventional traffic signal conflict monitor and light emitting diodes replacing a conventional incandescent bulb in the signal
US6548967B1 (en) * 1997-08-26 2003-04-15 Color Kinetics, Inc. Universal lighting network methods and systems
US6777891B2 (en) 1997-08-26 2004-08-17 Color Kinetics, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for controlling devices in a networked lighting system
US7014336B1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2006-03-21 Color Kinetics Incorporated Systems and methods for generating and modulating illumination conditions
US6806659B1 (en) 1997-08-26 2004-10-19 Color Kinetics, Incorporated Multicolored LED lighting method and apparatus
US20030133292A1 (en) 1999-11-18 2003-07-17 Mueller George G. Methods and apparatus for generating and modulating white light illumination conditions
US20040052076A1 (en) 1997-08-26 2004-03-18 Mueller George G. Controlled lighting methods and apparatus
US7983836B2 (en) * 1997-10-22 2011-07-19 Intelligent Technologies International, Inc. Vehicle-traffic control device communication techniques
US7132804B2 (en) * 1997-12-17 2006-11-07 Color Kinetics Incorporated Data delivery track
AU2007216901B2 (en) * 1997-12-17 2008-07-17 Philips Lighting North America Corporation Digitally controlled illumination methods and systems
US6570505B1 (en) 1997-12-30 2003-05-27 Gelcore Llc LED lamp with a fault-indicating impedance-changing circuit
AU8331498A (en) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-15 Mitsubishi International Gmbh Traffic guidance system
US6683590B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2004-01-27 The University Of Hong Kong Tricolor LED display system having audio output
JP2002527917A (ja) * 1998-03-20 2002-08-27 バーシテック リミテッド Ｌｅｄを用いた同時表示およびデータ通信
JPH11321455A (ja) * 1998-05-12 1999-11-24 Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd 車内照明装置
US6693556B1 (en) * 1998-07-13 2004-02-17 Blinkerstop Llc Enhanced visibility traffic signal
WO2000003370A1 (en) * 1998-07-13 2000-01-20 Blinkerstop, Llc Enhanced visibility traffic signal
US20050237219A1 (en) * 1999-04-06 2005-10-27 911Ep, Inc. Replacement LED lamp assembly and modulated
US6283613B1 (en) 1999-07-29 2001-09-04 Cooper Technologies Company LED traffic light with individual LED reflectors
JP2003510856A (ja) * 1999-09-29 2003-03-18 カラー・キネティックス・インコーポレーテッド 組合せ型照明及び較正装置及び複数のｌｅｄ用較正方法
DE19954758A1 (de) * 1999-11-15 2001-05-23 Becker Gmbh Verfahren zum Datenaustausch für eine Multimediaanlage sowie Multimediaanlage für ein Fahrzeug
US6616291B1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2003-09-09 Rosstech Signals, Inc. Underwater lighting assembly
US20030146851A1 (en) * 2002-07-16 2003-08-07 Giacaman Miguel S Safe traffic control system, method and apparatus
US7049761B2 (en) 2000-02-11 2006-05-23 Altair Engineering, Inc. Light tube and power supply circuit
US6262673B1 (en) 2000-05-30 2001-07-17 Charleen L. Kalina Roadway warning system
US6426704B1 (en) * 2000-08-17 2002-07-30 Power Signal Technologies, Inc. Modular upgradable solid state light source for traffic control
US6323781B1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2001-11-27 Power Signal Technologies Electronically steerable light output viewing angles for traffic signals
US20050099319A1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2005-05-12 Hutchison Michael C. Traffic signal light with integral sensors
US7088261B2 (en) * 2000-08-29 2006-08-08 Lailai Capital Corp. Traffic signal light having ambient light detection
US6614358B1 (en) * 2000-08-29 2003-09-02 Power Signal Technologies, Inc. Solid state light with controlled light output
US6450662B1 (en) * 2000-09-14 2002-09-17 Power Signal Technology Inc. Solid state traffic light apparatus having homogenous light source
US7303300B2 (en) 2000-09-27 2007-12-04 Color Kinetics Incorporated Methods and systems for illuminating household products
US6439743B1 (en) * 2000-10-05 2002-08-27 Power Signal Technologies Inc. Solid state traffic light apparatus having a cover including an integral lens
US8188878B2 (en) 2000-11-15 2012-05-29 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. LED light communication system
DE10060168A1 (de) * 2000-12-04 2002-06-13 Harman Becker Automotive Sys Verfahren zur Datenübertragung
CA2328517A1 (en) 2000-12-14 2002-06-14 Wws Leasing Portable traffic light
US7038399B2 (en) * 2001-03-13 2006-05-02 Color Kinetics Incorporated Methods and apparatus for providing power to lighting devices
US7462103B2 (en) * 2001-03-22 2008-12-09 Igt Gaming system for individual control of access to many devices with few wires
US7358929B2 (en) * 2001-09-17 2008-04-15 Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc. Tile lighting methods and systems
US6902308B2 (en) * 2001-10-09 2005-06-07 Rosstech Signals, Inc. Illumination system
JP2003115803A (ja) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-18 Nec Corp 発光装置及び通信システム
US6762689B2 (en) 2001-11-16 2004-07-13 Michel L. Dechape Universal traffic signal display system and apparatus, and method of using the same
WO2003096387A2 (en) 2002-05-08 2003-11-20 Phoseon Technology, Inc. High efficiency solid-state light source and methods of use and manufacture
US7023543B2 (en) * 2002-08-01 2006-04-04 Cunningham David W Method for controlling the luminous flux spectrum of a lighting fixture
JP4625697B2 (ja) * 2002-08-28 2011-02-02 フィリップス ソリッド−ステート ライティング ソリューションズ インコーポレイテッド 環境を照明するための方法およびシステム
EP1860800A1 (de) * 2002-10-24 2007-11-28 Nakagawa Laboratories, Inc. Kommunikationsvorrichtung mit Beleuchtungslicht
US6744223B2 (en) * 2002-10-30 2004-06-01 Quebec, Inc. Multicolor lamp system
US6942354B2 (en) * 2003-03-21 2005-09-13 9090-3493 Quebec Inc. Lighting system and housing therefore
KR20120014077A (ko) * 2003-06-30 2012-02-15 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. 교통 신호등
US7688222B2 (en) 2003-09-18 2010-03-30 Spot Devices, Inc. Methods, systems and devices related to road mounted indicators for providing visual indications to approaching traffic
ITTO20030853A1 (it) * 2003-10-30 2005-05-01 Ct Ricerche Plast Optica S R L Dispositivo luminoso, in particolare pannello luminoso per segnaletica o informazione al pubblico, o fanale di autoveicolo.
US7354172B2 (en) * 2004-03-15 2008-04-08 Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc. Methods and apparatus for controlled lighting based on a reference gamut
WO2006023841A2 (en) * 2004-08-18 2006-03-02 California Institute Of Technology Roadside-based communication system and method
US20060067707A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 Selvan Maniam System and method for increasing data communication bandwidth in a light communication system
US7866853B2 (en) * 2004-11-19 2011-01-11 Fujikura Ltd. Light-emitting element mounting substrate and manufacturing method thereof, light-emitting element module and manufacturing method thereof, display device, lighting device, and traffic light
EP1866954B1 (de) * 2004-12-30 2016-04-20 Phoseon Technology, Inc. Verfahren und systeme in bezug auf lichtquellen für den einsatz in technischen verfahren
CA2609877C (en) * 2005-01-25 2015-05-26 Tir Technology Lp Method and apparatus for illumination and communication
CN101326553B (zh) * 2005-05-09 2011-11-30 Bwt产权公司 具有精确光束控制的光信号装置
US7401943B2 (en) * 2005-06-07 2008-07-22 Fusion Uv Systems, Inc. Solid-state light sources for curing and surface modification
US20070103337A1 (en) * 2005-11-09 2007-05-10 Honeywell International Inc. Backup traffic control systems and methods
US8242476B2 (en) * 2005-12-19 2012-08-14 Leddartech Inc. LED object detection system and method combining complete reflection traces from individual narrow field-of-view channels
WO2008154737A1 (en) * 2007-06-18 2008-12-24 Leddartech Inc. Lighting system with traffic management capabilities
DE102005061786B4 (de) * 2005-12-23 2007-10-31 Lübeck, Felix Lichtsignalanlage mit Übertragung zusätzlicher Informationen
US7218056B1 (en) * 2006-03-13 2007-05-15 Ronald Paul Harwood Lighting device with multiple power sources and multiple modes of operation
US8702043B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2014-04-22 General Electric Company Rail vehicle control communication system and method for communicating with a rail vehicle
US8825239B2 (en) 2010-05-19 2014-09-02 General Electric Company Communication system and method for a rail vehicle consist
US8935022B2 (en) 2009-03-17 2015-01-13 General Electric Company Data communication system and method
US9379775B2 (en) 2009-03-17 2016-06-28 General Electric Company Data communication system and method
US8655517B2 (en) 2010-05-19 2014-02-18 General Electric Company Communication system and method for a rail vehicle consist
US8798821B2 (en) 2009-03-17 2014-08-05 General Electric Company System and method for communicating data in a locomotive consist or other vehicle consist
US9637147B2 (en) 2009-03-17 2017-05-02 General Electronic Company Data communication system and method
US8532850B2 (en) * 2009-03-17 2013-09-10 General Electric Company System and method for communicating data in locomotive consist or other vehicle consist
US20070290887A1 (en) * 2006-06-19 2007-12-20 Pleasanton Loran I Portable traffic signal
US8494367B2 (en) * 2006-06-28 2013-07-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method and device for modulating the light emission of a lighting device
US20080024010A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2008-01-31 John Romano Automatic auxiliary lighting unit
US7607798B2 (en) * 2006-09-25 2009-10-27 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. LED lighting unit
TWM318781U (en) * 2006-11-01 2007-09-11 Tung-Da Jiang Colored light emitting diode pictures and literary compositions signal light display device
US8018161B2 (en) * 2007-02-06 2011-09-13 Sunovia Energy Technologies, Inc. Light unit with internal back-up power supply, communications and display
US8299712B2 (en) * 2007-04-06 2012-10-30 Sunovia Energy Technologies, Inc. Light unit with internal power failure detection
US9294198B2 (en) 2007-05-24 2016-03-22 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. Pulsed light communication key
US9414458B2 (en) 2007-05-24 2016-08-09 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. LED light control assembly and system
US11265082B2 (en) 2007-05-24 2022-03-01 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. LED light control assembly and system
US9258864B2 (en) 2007-05-24 2016-02-09 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. LED light control and management system
WO2008148050A1 (en) 2007-05-24 2008-12-04 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. Led light interior room and building communication system
US9455783B2 (en) 2013-05-06 2016-09-27 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. Network security and variable pulse wave form with continuous communication
US9100124B2 (en) 2007-05-24 2015-08-04 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. LED Light Fixture
CA2691138C (en) * 2007-06-18 2017-10-24 Leddartech Inc. Lighting system with driver assistance capabilities
CN101810059B (zh) * 2007-09-26 2016-06-22 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 用于使用光源传递数据的方法和设备
US10321528B2 (en) * 2007-10-26 2019-06-11 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Targeted content delivery using outdoor lighting networks (OLNs)
US8118447B2 (en) 2007-12-20 2012-02-21 Altair Engineering, Inc. LED lighting apparatus with swivel connection
US8310655B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2012-11-13 Leddartech Inc. Detection and ranging methods and systems
US7712918B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2010-05-11 Altair Engineering , Inc. Light distribution using a light emitting diode assembly
WO2009079779A1 (en) 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Leddartech Inc. Parking management system and method using lighting system
US8360599B2 (en) 2008-05-23 2013-01-29 Ilumisys, Inc. Electric shock resistant L.E.D. based light
US8061868B2 (en) * 2008-06-01 2011-11-22 Jack Dubord Adjustable LED lighting system, kit and method of using same
US7976196B2 (en) 2008-07-09 2011-07-12 Altair Engineering, Inc. Method of forming LED-based light and resulting LED-based light
US7946729B2 (en) 2008-07-31 2011-05-24 Altair Engineering, Inc. Fluorescent tube replacement having longitudinally oriented LEDs
US20110145053A1 (en) * 2008-08-15 2011-06-16 Mohammed Hashim-Waris Supply chain management systems and methods
US8674626B2 (en) 2008-09-02 2014-03-18 Ilumisys, Inc. LED lamp failure alerting system
US8256924B2 (en) 2008-09-15 2012-09-04 Ilumisys, Inc. LED-based light having rapidly oscillating LEDs
US8444292B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2013-05-21 Ilumisys, Inc. End cap substitute for LED-based tube replacement light
US8653984B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2014-02-18 Ilumisys, Inc. Integration of LED lighting control with emergency notification systems
US7938562B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2011-05-10 Altair Engineering, Inc. Lighting including integral communication apparatus
US8324817B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2012-12-04 Ilumisys, Inc. Light and light sensor
US8901823B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2014-12-02 Ilumisys, Inc. Light and light sensor
US8214084B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2012-07-03 Ilumisys, Inc. Integration of LED lighting with building controls
US8556452B2 (en) 2009-01-15 2013-10-15 Ilumisys, Inc. LED lens
US8362710B2 (en) 2009-01-21 2013-01-29 Ilumisys, Inc. Direct AC-to-DC converter for passive component minimization and universal operation of LED arrays
US8664880B2 (en) 2009-01-21 2014-03-04 Ilumisys, Inc. Ballast/line detection circuit for fluorescent replacement lamps
US8583299B2 (en) * 2009-03-17 2013-11-12 General Electric Company System and method for communicating data in a train having one or more locomotive consists
US8890773B1 (en) 2009-04-01 2014-11-18 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. Visible light transceiver glasses
US8330381B2 (en) 2009-05-14 2012-12-11 Ilumisys, Inc. Electronic circuit for DC conversion of fluorescent lighting ballast
US8299695B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2012-10-30 Ilumisys, Inc. Screw-in LED bulb comprising a base having outwardly projecting nodes
JP2012529154A (ja) 2009-06-03 2012-11-15 マテリアル ワークス， エルエルシー ランプアセンブリおよび製造方法
WO2011005579A2 (en) 2009-06-23 2011-01-13 Altair Engineering, Inc. Illumination device including leds and a switching power control system
US8334656B2 (en) * 2009-11-03 2012-12-18 Msi, Llc Replaceable lighting unit with adjustable output intensity and optional capability for reporting usage information, and method of operating same
KR20120089360A (ko) 2009-12-02 2012-08-09 머티리얼웍스 엘엘씨 차량용 구조적 전조등 조립체
EP2517189B1 (de) 2009-12-22 2014-03-19 Leddartech Inc. Aktives 3d-überwachungssystem für verkehrsdetektion
US8559673B2 (en) * 2010-01-22 2013-10-15 Google Inc. Traffic signal mapping and detection
WO2011119907A2 (en) 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Altair Engineering, Inc. Led light tube with dual sided light distribution
CA2792940A1 (en) 2010-03-26 2011-09-19 Ilumisys, Inc. Led light with thermoelectric generator
WO2011119958A1 (en) 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Altair Engineering, Inc. Inside-out led bulb
EP2577569B1 (de) * 2010-05-25 2016-07-27 RF Code, Inc. Anlagenverfolgungssystem für gehäuse auf regalbasis
US8454193B2 (en) 2010-07-08 2013-06-04 Ilumisys, Inc. Independent modules for LED fluorescent light tube replacement
JP2013531350A (ja) 2010-07-12 2013-08-01 イルミシス，インコーポレイテッド Ｌｅｄ発光管用回路基板取付台
US9068704B2 (en) 2010-09-21 2015-06-30 Dialight Corporation Integrated signal light head
US8797183B2 (en) * 2010-09-21 2014-08-05 Dialight Corporation Integrated signal light head
US8523394B2 (en) 2010-10-29 2013-09-03 Ilumisys, Inc. Mechanisms for reducing risk of shock during installation of light tube
US9513630B2 (en) 2010-11-17 2016-12-06 General Electric Company Methods and systems for data communications
US10144440B2 (en) 2010-11-17 2018-12-04 General Electric Company Methods and systems for data communications
US8870415B2 (en) 2010-12-09 2014-10-28 Ilumisys, Inc. LED fluorescent tube replacement light with reduced shock hazard
WO2012097291A1 (en) 2011-01-14 2012-07-19 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. Method of providing lumens and tracking of lumen consumption
US8908159B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2014-12-09 Leddartech Inc. Multiple-field-of-view scannerless optical rangefinder in high ambient background light
EP2721593B1 (de) 2011-06-17 2017-04-05 Leddartech Inc. System und verfahren zur verkehrsseitenerkennung und -charakterisierung
KR20130007754A (ko) * 2011-07-11 2013-01-21 한국전자통신연구원 자율주행 교차로에서 차량 제어 장치 및 그 방법
US9072171B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2015-06-30 Ilumisys, Inc. Circuit board mount for LED light
US20130049985A1 (en) * 2011-08-24 2013-02-28 Henry Eisenson Device and system to alert vehicles and pedestrians of approaching emergency vehicles and emergency situations
WO2013084225A1 (en) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-13 Brightway Vision Ltd. Smart traffic sign system and method
US8914170B2 (en) 2011-12-07 2014-12-16 General Electric Company System and method for communicating data in a vehicle system
WO2013131002A1 (en) 2012-03-02 2013-09-06 Ilumisys, Inc. Electrical connector header for an led-based light
CA2998166C (en) 2012-03-02 2019-04-09 Leddartech Inc. System and method for vehicle detection
WO2014008463A1 (en) 2012-07-06 2014-01-09 Ilumisys, Inc. Power supply assembly for led-based light tube
US9271367B2 (en) 2012-07-09 2016-02-23 Ilumisys, Inc. System and method for controlling operation of an LED-based light
CN102855765B (zh) * 2012-08-17 2014-08-20 黑龙江八一农垦大学 警示球
WO2014160096A1 (en) 2013-03-13 2014-10-02 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. Led light control and management system
US9285084B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-03-15 Ilumisys, Inc. Diffusers for LED-based lights
US20140268848A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Osram Sylvania Inc. Headlamp having a light guide assembly
US9875653B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2018-01-23 Keyvan T. Diba Electronic traffic alert system
US9267650B2 (en) 2013-10-09 2016-02-23 Ilumisys, Inc. Lens for an LED-based light
US20150198941A1 (en) 2014-01-15 2015-07-16 John C. Pederson Cyber Life Electronic Networking and Commerce Operating Exchange
KR20160111975A (ko) 2014-01-22 2016-09-27 일루미시스, 인크. 어드레스된 led들을 갖는 led 기반 조명
US9510400B2 (en) 2014-05-13 2016-11-29 Ilumisys, Inc. User input systems for an LED-based light
US9707960B2 (en) 2014-07-31 2017-07-18 Waymo Llc Traffic signal response for autonomous vehicles
US10488492B2 (en) 2014-09-09 2019-11-26 Leddarttech Inc. Discretization of detection zone
US10718474B1 (en) 2014-11-20 2020-07-21 The Light Source, Inc. Lighting fixture with closely-packed LED components
DE102015005403A1 (de) * 2015-04-29 2016-11-03 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Anlage zum Übertragen von Information bei einer Anlage
US10161568B2 (en) 2015-06-01 2018-12-25 Ilumisys, Inc. LED-based light with canted outer walls
US10057964B2 (en) 2015-07-02 2018-08-21 Hayward Industries, Inc. Lighting system for an environment and a control module for use therein
US20170046950A1 (en) 2015-08-11 2017-02-16 Federal Law Enforcement Development Services, Inc. Function disabler device and system
US20170048001A1 (en) * 2015-08-11 2017-02-16 Spawar Systems Center Pacific Apparatus and Method for Isolating an Optical Signal by Subtracting the Atmospheric Background in Real Time
CN107924613B (zh) * 2015-08-26 2021-03-16 福特全球技术公司 使用同步和平衡v2v通信的设备
WO2017152074A1 (en) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-08 Basic6 Inc. A universal led driver switching circuit
CN105933061A (zh) * 2016-06-20 2016-09-07 苏州迈奇杰智能技术有限公司 一种室内无线ccd控制自动窗帘
CN107092139B (zh) * 2017-07-04 2020-06-02 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 背光模组、显示模组及其控制方法、存储介质
US10711955B2 (en) * 2017-12-18 2020-07-14 Nate Mullen Rubberized light housing and adaptor
CN109949596A (zh) * 2019-02-28 2019-06-28 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 用于自动驾驶车辆的车辆交互方法和装置
DE102020111861A1 (de) 2020-04-30 2021-11-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und System zum automatischen Bestimmen eines Anzeigestatus einer Verkehrssignalanlage

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4380760A (en) * 1980-02-21 1983-04-19 General Electric Company Smoke detector with delayed alarm after change to stand-by power
DE3535204A1 (de) * 1984-10-04 1986-04-17 Nyström, Karl Gösta, Umeå Verkehrssignaleinrichtung oder andere aehnliche lichtsignaleinrichtung
FR2579801A1 (fr) * 1985-04-02 1986-10-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Procede pour la transmission en serie de codes de defauts et montage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR2586844A1 (fr) * 1985-08-27 1987-03-06 Sofrela Sa Dispositif de signalisation utilisant des diodes electroluminescentes.
EP0328985A2 (de) * 1988-02-19 1989-08-23 Blaupunkt-Werke GmbH Warnfunkempfänger
EP0330165A2 (de) * 1988-02-25 1989-08-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung für die Informationsübertragung im Infrarotbereich
US5008662A (en) * 1987-10-27 1991-04-16 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Remote supervisory and controlling machine
US5012392A (en) * 1989-02-13 1991-04-30 Hochstein Peter A Automatic battery powered video light
WO1992022450A1 (en) * 1991-06-14 1992-12-23 Barish, Benjamin, J. Electro-optical monitoring system
GB2265041A (en) * 1992-03-13 1993-09-15 Ronald Mark Henderson Infra-red route and hazard system
DE4327173A1 (de) * 1993-08-13 1995-02-16 Uwe Dr Ing Meinberg System zur objektorientierten, hinweisenden Fernbedienung von elektrischen Geräten mittels handbedienter Sender mit gebündeltem sichtbarem Lichtstrahl und stationärer Empfänger

Family Cites Families (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE21818E (en) * 1941-06-03 Radio traffic control system
US1808022A (en) * 1931-02-18 1931-06-02 Automobile Warning Signal Corp Automatic warning signal
US1978286A (en) * 1932-03-02 1934-10-23 Sommer Leo Radio audible signals
US2442851A (en) * 1940-08-03 1948-06-08 Farnsworth Res Corp Traffic signaling system
US3509525A (en) * 1967-07-12 1970-04-28 Ibm Traffic pacing system
US3629600A (en) * 1969-01-22 1971-12-21 Theodore H Smith Emergency traffic light control
US3764844A (en) * 1972-04-28 1973-10-09 A Schmidt Gas discharge lamp and method for making same
US4128789A (en) * 1976-06-30 1978-12-05 General Electric Company Method of operating gaseous discharge lamps
US4437039A (en) * 1978-10-03 1984-03-13 North American Philips Electric Corp. Starting arrangement for high-intensity-discharge sodium lamp
US4729076A (en) * 1984-11-15 1988-03-01 Tsuzawa Masami Signal light unit having heat dissipating function
US4757236A (en) * 1984-11-29 1988-07-12 General Electric Company High pressure metal halide arc lamp with xenon buffer gas
NL8600049A (nl) * 1986-01-13 1987-08-03 Philips Nv Lagedrukkwikdampontladingslamp.
US4745323A (en) * 1986-02-26 1988-05-17 Duro-Test Corporation Compact fluorescent lamp with outer envelope
NL8602833A (nl) * 1986-11-07 1988-06-01 Europ Container Terminus Horizontaal infrarood verbindingsstelsel.
US4939426A (en) * 1987-03-19 1990-07-03 United States Of America Light emitting diode array
US4921468A (en) * 1987-03-20 1990-05-01 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Space transmission optical communication system
US4954931A (en) * 1988-07-08 1990-09-04 Parker Hannifin Corporation Linear diffuse light source
JPH0446322Y2 (de) * 1988-08-02 1992-10-30
US5136287A (en) * 1988-09-02 1992-08-04 Arnold Borenstein Traffic-related message signal using light-emitting diodes
US5036248A (en) * 1989-03-31 1991-07-30 Ledstar Inc. Light emitting diode clusters for display signs
US4992704A (en) * 1989-04-17 1991-02-12 Basic Electronics, Inc. Variable color light emitting diode
US4959584A (en) * 1989-06-23 1990-09-25 General Electric Company Luminaire for an electrodeless high intensity discharge lamp
US5010336A (en) * 1989-08-01 1991-04-23 Jelp, Inc. Temporary traffic light control
US5175528A (en) * 1989-10-11 1992-12-29 Grace Technology, Inc. Double oscillator battery powered flashing superluminescent light emitting diode safety warning light
DE58909356D1 (de) * 1989-11-02 1995-08-24 Siemens Ag Triggerbare Schaltfunkenstrecke.
US5132682A (en) * 1990-09-12 1992-07-21 Lectro Products, Inc. Apparatus for controlling traffic lights
US5160200A (en) * 1991-03-06 1992-11-03 R & D Molded Products, Inc. Wedge-base LED bulb housing
US5187476A (en) * 1991-06-25 1993-02-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Optical traffic preemption detector circuitry
US5160201A (en) * 1991-07-22 1992-11-03 Display Products, Incorporated Rotatable led cluster device
US5208584A (en) * 1991-09-03 1993-05-04 Jonathan Kaye Traffic light and back-up traffic controller
US5172113A (en) * 1991-10-24 1992-12-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company System and method for transmitting data in an optical traffic preemption system
DE4213880A1 (de) * 1992-04-28 1993-11-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert System zur bidirektionalen datenuebertragung zwischen mehreren feststehenden einrichtungen und einem fahrzeug
US5317307A (en) * 1992-05-22 1994-05-31 Intel Corporation Method for pulse width modulation of LEDs with power demand load leveling

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4380760A (en) * 1980-02-21 1983-04-19 General Electric Company Smoke detector with delayed alarm after change to stand-by power
DE3535204A1 (de) * 1984-10-04 1986-04-17 Nyström, Karl Gösta, Umeå Verkehrssignaleinrichtung oder andere aehnliche lichtsignaleinrichtung
FR2579801A1 (fr) * 1985-04-02 1986-10-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Procede pour la transmission en serie de codes de defauts et montage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR2586844A1 (fr) * 1985-08-27 1987-03-06 Sofrela Sa Dispositif de signalisation utilisant des diodes electroluminescentes.
US5008662A (en) * 1987-10-27 1991-04-16 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Remote supervisory and controlling machine
EP0328985A2 (de) * 1988-02-19 1989-08-23 Blaupunkt-Werke GmbH Warnfunkempfänger
EP0330165A2 (de) * 1988-02-25 1989-08-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung für die Informationsübertragung im Infrarotbereich
US5012392A (en) * 1989-02-13 1991-04-30 Hochstein Peter A Automatic battery powered video light
WO1992022450A1 (en) * 1991-06-14 1992-12-23 Barish, Benjamin, J. Electro-optical monitoring system
GB2265041A (en) * 1992-03-13 1993-09-15 Ronald Mark Henderson Infra-red route and hazard system
DE4327173A1 (de) * 1993-08-13 1995-02-16 Uwe Dr Ing Meinberg System zur objektorientierten, hinweisenden Fernbedienung von elektrischen Geräten mittels handbedienter Sender mit gebündeltem sichtbarem Lichtstrahl und stationärer Empfänger

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998037529A1 (de) * 1997-02-19 1998-08-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Datenübertragungseinrichtung für verkehrsleit- und verkehrsinformationssysteme
WO1999011498A1 (en) * 1997-09-04 1999-03-11 Howells Railway Products Limited Plural-led lights
AU703029B3 (en) * 1997-12-18 1999-03-11 Aldridge Traffic Systems Pty Limited Door assembly for a pedestrian display traffic light assembly
FR2772960A1 (fr) * 1997-12-19 1999-06-25 Daimler Benz Ag Installation d'eclairage
WO1999040459A3 (de) * 1998-02-04 1999-09-23 Ims Ind Micro Systems Ag Optische signal- oder anzeigevorrichtung
WO1999040459A2 (de) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-12 Ims Industrial Micro Systems Ag Optische signal- oder anzeigevorrichtung
US6707435B1 (en) 1998-02-04 2004-03-16 Ims Industrial Micro Systems Ag Optical signaling or display device
EP0935145A1 (de) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-11 IMS Industrial Micro System AG Optische Signal- und Anzeigevorrichtung
EP0967590A1 (de) * 1998-06-25 1999-12-29 Hewlett-Packard Company Optische Anzeigevorrichtung mit Leuchtdioden und Steuerverfahren dafür
US6239716B1 (en) 1998-06-25 2001-05-29 Hewlett Packard-Company Optical display device and method of operating an optical display device
DE19829162A1 (de) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-05 Erwin Dietz Verwendung einer elektronischen Kamera und einer mit ihr zusammenarbeitenden Bilderkennungseinrichtung in einem Automobil zum Erkennen von Verkehrszeichen
WO2000036574A1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 9022-6523 Quebec Inc. Traffic light backup system using light-emitting diodes
US6392563B1 (en) 1998-12-16 2002-05-21 9022-6523 Quebec Inc. Traffic light backup system using light-emitting diodes
WO2001084521A2 (en) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Jones Dale G Apparatus and method for traffic signal flash mode during power outages
WO2001084521A3 (en) * 2000-04-28 2002-02-07 Dale G Jones Apparatus and method for traffic signal flash mode during power outages
DE10121380A1 (de) * 2001-05-02 2002-12-19 Garufo Gmbh Elektronisch abgesicherte Stromversorgung für Schaltungsgruppen, Anzeigevorrichtung für eine sich ändernde Information
EP1515292A1 (de) * 2002-06-05 2005-03-16 Sony Corporation Kommunikationssystem für ein fahrzeug, fahrzeug und kommunikationseinrichtung für ein fahrzeug
EP1515292A4 (de) * 2002-06-05 2006-01-18 Sony Corp Kommunikationssystem für ein fahrzeug, fahrzeug und kommunikationseinrichtung für ein fahrzeug
US7548172B2 (en) 2002-06-05 2009-06-16 Sony Corporation Communication system for vehicle, vehicle, and communication device for vehicle
EP1715704A1 (de) * 2004-02-02 2006-10-25 Nakagawa Laboratories, Inc. Positionsinformations-kommunikationsvorrichtung
EP1715704A4 (de) * 2004-02-02 2007-03-14 Nakagawa Lab Inc Positionsinformations-kommunikationsvorrichtung
EP2169647A1 (de) * 2007-07-17 2010-03-31 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, antenneneinheit für die beleuchtungsvorrichtung, kommunikationssystem und vorrichtung zur steuerung von verkehrssignalen
EP2169647A4 (de) * 2007-07-17 2010-11-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries Beleuchtungsvorrichtung, antenneneinheit für die beleuchtungsvorrichtung, kommunikationssystem und vorrichtung zur steuerung von verkehrssignalen
EP2315190A1 (de) * 2007-07-17 2011-04-27 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Leuchtvorrichtung mit Antenneneinheit sowie Kommunikationssystem
US8310404B2 (en) 2007-07-17 2012-11-13 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Lamp apparatus, antenna unit for lamp apparatus, communication system, and traffic signal controller
CN101743573B (zh) * 2007-07-17 2014-05-14 住友电气工业株式会社 灯装置、用于灯装置的天线单元、通信系统以及交通信号控制器
ITMO20090210A1 (it) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-08 Zetech S R L Sistema di segnalazione stradale
US8860312B2 (en) 2010-05-10 2014-10-14 Metrolight Ltd. Light emitting diodes driven by high intensity discharge ballast

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2169037C (en) 1999-07-27
CA2169037A1 (en) 1996-08-09
EP1011084A2 (de) 2000-06-21
EP1011084A3 (de) 2002-10-16
ES2153070T3 (es) 2001-02-16
EP1011083A3 (de) 2002-10-16
EP1011083A2 (de) 2000-06-21
DE69611192D1 (de) 2001-01-18
EP0726554B1 (de) 2000-12-13
US5633629A (en) 1997-05-27
DE69611192T2 (de) 2001-08-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0726554B1 (de) Verkehrssteuerungssystem unter Verwendung von Leuchtdioden
EP0422695B1 (de) Anlage mit Markierungsbändern für Verkehrsflächen
EP0578413B1 (de) Signaleinrichtung
KR101889875B1 (ko) 저고도 설치형 저전력 스마트 가로등 시스템
US4736186A (en) Emergency warning signal
US6522263B2 (en) Traffic control system and kit
AU784546B2 (en) Signalling beacon
US20080018494A1 (en) Traffic Sign Beacon System
US7878678B1 (en) Illuminating safety and notification device
US20060132323A1 (en) Strobe beacon
AU2013101353A4 (en) Improvements to Pedestrian Crossings
US6392563B1 (en) Traffic light backup system using light-emitting diodes
KR200409698Y1 (ko) 솔라셀을 이용한 횡단보도용 무선 유도 표시 시스템
KR100281222B1 (ko) 유무선송수신형가로등콘트롤러
CA2254271A1 (en) Traffic control system using light emitting diodes
JP2011084987A (ja) 工事灯および工事灯システム
JPH0963776A (ja) 照明灯不点検知装置付自動点滅器
US7356260B2 (en) Residential signal beacon
KR20070029300A (ko) 경운기용 무선 후미등 장치
EP0981122A1 (de) Aktive bake
JP2986158B1 (ja) 交通標識設備
CN114413216A (zh) 一种基于车流量自动调光的智慧路灯
GB2196160A (en) Vehicle light control system -
KR20200145237A (ko) 횡단보도 안전 유도 시스템
ZA200103474B (en) Signalling beacon.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19970212

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19990723

RTI1 Title (correction)

Free format text: TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM USING LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19990723

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69611192

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20010118

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20010207

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20010212

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20010213

Year of fee payment: 6

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2153070

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: STUDIO TORTA S.R.L.

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20010316

Year of fee payment: 6

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020205

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020206

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020903

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20020205

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20021031

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20031022

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050205