EP0725258B1 - Smoke pot - Google Patents
Smoke pot Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0725258B1 EP0725258B1 EP96460005A EP96460005A EP0725258B1 EP 0725258 B1 EP0725258 B1 EP 0725258B1 EP 96460005 A EP96460005 A EP 96460005A EP 96460005 A EP96460005 A EP 96460005A EP 0725258 B1 EP0725258 B1 EP 0725258B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- smoke
- cover
- housing
- envelope
- hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
- F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
- F41H9/08—Smoke-pots without propulsive charge, i.e. stationary
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement made to a housing smoke.
- Smoke housings according to the smoke powders they contain undergo, when the reaction is initiated, internal pressures which may vary with the nature of the powders and depending on the ambient temperature and the humidity of the powders. We have a good functioning of the boxes and a good efficiency when the internal pressure of the gases released by the powders is relatively constant and as long as it does not exceed the limit burst strength of the housing.
- tear gas in tear gas can be expected envelopes with weakened areas, as in document FR-A-2 683 626, or perforations, as in document FR-A-2 053 943, to guide the gases tear gas outside the machine or the grenade.
- weakened areas or these perforations do not guarantee that the pressure of the gases leaving the envelope is constant but just let these gases come out.
- too much pressure will blow up the casing of the tear gas machine, provided that gases escape incapacitating.
- This kind of machine is generally used in the open air, in streets or on squares or battlefields for example, where the wind is responsible for dispersing tear gas and smoke.
- Smoke boxes are used with anti-theft security systems, especially to protect the goods and equipment stored in warehouses and various premises.
- the smoke chambers In this case for the smoke chambers to be effective, when the combustion of the powder is initiated and continues, the gas pressure must be smoke is as constant as possible, ensuring good dispersion of gases smoke and avoiding, in all cases, the bursting of the housing which has several disadvantages.
- the burst not only causes too rapid release of gases, but still projects smoke particles around the housing that do not have completed the combustion of their components and which are therefore at least partially inflamed at high temperature or which have not yet started to react and which develop disperses in the form of dust, the dispersion of ignited particles is dangerous for goods that the smoke pot is supposed to protect; the dispersion of dust also has obvious disadvantages in soiling these goods or these goods.
- a major drawback of this type of smoke housing is that it does not cut imperfectly the part of film located under each perforation, strips of film remaining attached to the periphery of the perforation. This results in the projection out of the cover of droplets from condensation on said shreds of residue from unburned and sublimated powder. This causes a cloud of fatty smoke and a less smoke smoke released than it would be without these droplets.
- An object of the invention is to provide a smoke casing envelope which avoids any risk of bursting when the reaction of the smoke powder is initiated and which ensures the rapid exit of smoke gases under relatively high pressure and constant.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a smoke housing which is of a structure such that it does not give rise to the projection of condensate and dust, which are detrimental to its performance.
- the envelope of a smoke housing comprises, on the one hand, a conventional wall resistant to the pressure of the smoke composition during that it is the object of the exothermic reaction of the smoke powder, once it has been initiated by an adequate means and, on the other hand, at least one less resistant zone, formed of a relatively thin layer, said zone being covered by a cover of resistance comparable to the rest of the conventional wall and which is pierced with a plurality of holes.
- Said envelope is characterized in that each hole of said cover has a warped shape.
- the lower edge of each hole is shredded to form sharp irregularities.
- the less resistant zone is formed by an aluminum film.
- the smoke housing of FIG. 1 has the shape of a cylindrical can comprising a cylindrical body 1 and a cover 2 with, under the cover 2, a lid 3.
- the lid 3 and the upper body 1 are welded so as to form a sealed envelope containing the smoke powder or tablet 4 and the primer 5, symbolically represented.
- the cover 2 is crimped on the upper edge of the body cylindrical 1, as on a can. Once the crimping has been carried out, the cover 3 is in contact through its entire surface with the internal face of the cover 2.
- cover 3 and cover 2 are crimped on the upper edge of the body 1 during the same operation of crimping.
- the cover 2 is pierced with holes, such as 6, 7 and 8. which are practically circular and have a diameter of about 0.5 cm, for example. Depending on the powders used and the size of the smoke housing, the value of this diameter may vary.
- the seal 3 may, for example, be available in the form of a film having a well-established tear resistance.
- the cover 3 consists of a thin aluminum film. As indicative the thickness of this film 3 is between two and three microns, for example.
- each hole 6 or 7 or 8 is warped and has its edge 9 facing the inside of the case, said edge 9 being jagged so as to present a multitude of points sharp.
- the cover 2 is first punched using a punch, the dimensions are significantly smaller than those of the punching die placed under the cover 2.
- a hole 6 or 7 or 8 is then obtained, the lower edge 10 of which is shredded and also has sharp irregularities.
- the edge 10 of said hole 6 or 7 or 8 then has an inclination allowing to effectively cut the part of the film 3 located just below during the chemical reaction taking place in the smoke housing.
- a smoke housing is as follows. Initially, the pressure of the gases increasing in the body of the smoke activates the combustion of smoke powders or tablets. When the internal pressure increases, the cover 3 is pressed strongly against the holes 6, 7 and 8. This results in a first perforation of the cover 3 opposite one of the holes 6 or 7 or 8 thus leaving escape from the smoke gas. When the pressure increases further, other perforations occur. successively produce in front of the holes 6, 7 and 8 of the cover 2, which avoids the risk of bursting.
- each hole 6 or 7 or 8 Due to the configuration of each hole 6 or 7 or 8, the smoke gases under pressure have the effect of clearly cutting under said hole 6 or 7 or 8 a pellet of circular film. This avoids the formation of strips of film 3 remaining attached to the edge 10 of each hole 6 or 7 or 8, and consequently the projection of droplets or unburned resinous smoke condensates, which affects the efficiency of the smoke housing.
- the number of holes 6, 7, and 8 or openings in the cover 2 is determined based on experiments on the smoke housing.
Description
La présente invention concerne un perfectionnement apporté à un boítier de fumigène.The present invention relates to an improvement made to a housing smoke.
Les boítiers de fumigène suivant les poudres fumigènes qu'ils renferment subissent, quand la réaction est amorcée, des pressions internes qui peuvent varier avec la nature des poudres et en fonction de la température ambiante et de l'humidité des poudres. On a un bon fonctionnement des boítiers et une bonne efficacité quand la pression interne des gaz dégagés par les poudres est relativement constante et tant qu'elle ne dépasse pas la résistance limite d'éclatement du boítier.Smoke housings according to the smoke powders they contain undergo, when the reaction is initiated, internal pressures which may vary with the nature of the powders and depending on the ambient temperature and the humidity of the powders. We have a good functioning of the boxes and a good efficiency when the internal pressure of the gases released by the powders is relatively constant and as long as it does not exceed the limit burst strength of the housing.
D'une manière générale, dans les engins lacrymogènes, on prévoit des enveloppes comportant des zones fragilisées, comme dans le document FR-A-2 683 626, ou des perforations, comme dans le document FR-A-2 053 943, pour guider les gaz lacrymogènes hors de l'engin ou de la grenade. Ces zones fragilisées ou ces perforations ne garantissent pas que la pression des gaz sortant de l'enveloppe est constante mais simplement que ces gaz sortent. Peu importe qu'une pression trop grande fasse exploser l'enveloppe de l'engin à gaz lacrymogène, pourvu que s'en échappent des gaz incapacitants. Ce genre d'engins s'utilise généralement à l'air libre, dans des rues ou sur des places ou sur des champs de bataille par exemple, où le vent se charge de disperser les gaz lacrymogènes et la fumée.In general, in tear gas can be expected envelopes with weakened areas, as in document FR-A-2 683 626, or perforations, as in document FR-A-2 053 943, to guide the gases tear gas outside the machine or the grenade. These weakened areas or these perforations do not guarantee that the pressure of the gases leaving the envelope is constant but just let these gases come out. Never mind that too much pressure will blow up the casing of the tear gas machine, provided that gases escape incapacitating. This kind of machine is generally used in the open air, in streets or on squares or battlefields for example, where the wind is responsible for dispersing tear gas and smoke.
Les boítiers de fumigène sont utilisés avec des systèmes de sécurité antivols, notamment pour protéger les marchandises et équipements stockés dans des entrepôts et divers locaux. Dans ce cas pour que les boítiers de fumigène soient efficaces, quand la combustion de la poudre est amorcée et se poursuit, il faut que la pression des gaz fumigènes soit la plus constante possible, en assurant une bonne dispersion des gaz fumigènes et en évitant, dans tous les cas, l'éclatement du boítier ce qui a plusieurs inconvénients. L'éclatement provoque non seulement une libération trop rapide des gaz, mais encore projette autour du boítier des particules de poudres fumigènes qui n'ont pas terminé la combustion de leurs composants et qui sont donc au moins partiellement enflammées à température élevée ou qui n'ont pas encore commencé à réagir et qui se disperse sous forme de poussière, la dispersion de particules enflammées est dangereuse pour les marchandises que le pot fumigène est supposé protéger; la dispersion de poussières présente également des inconvénients évidents en salissant ces marchandises ou ces biens.Smoke boxes are used with anti-theft security systems, especially to protect the goods and equipment stored in warehouses and various premises. In this case for the smoke chambers to be effective, when the combustion of the powder is initiated and continues, the gas pressure must be smoke is as constant as possible, ensuring good dispersion of gases smoke and avoiding, in all cases, the bursting of the housing which has several disadvantages. The burst not only causes too rapid release of gases, but still projects smoke particles around the housing that do not have completed the combustion of their components and which are therefore at least partially inflamed at high temperature or which have not yet started to react and which develop disperses in the form of dust, the dispersion of ignited particles is dangerous for goods that the smoke pot is supposed to protect; the dispersion of dust also has obvious disadvantages in soiling these goods or these goods.
On peut pour tenter d'éviter l'éclatement du boítier choisir des natures de poudre dans lesquelles la réaction chimique des composants est lente, mais alors le boítier perd une partie de son efficacité, car les gaz fumigènes en sortent si lentement que l'aveuglement des intrus n'est pas assuré ou l'est mal.We can try to avoid the bursting of the case choose powder types in which the chemical reaction of the components is slow, but then the housing loses part of its effectiveness, because smoke gases come out of it so slowly that the blindness of the intruders is not assured or is badly assured.
Par ailleurs, les conditions environnantes, température et humidité, font varier la vitesse de réaction exothermique, donc on ne peut entièrement compté sur la nature de la poudre pour éviter l'éclatement et pour trouver l'efficacité idéale.In addition, the surrounding conditions, temperature and humidity, vary the exothermic reaction rate so we cannot fully rely on the nature of the powder to avoid bursting and to find the ideal effectiveness.
Il est connu de disposer un film plastique ou de métal sous le couvercle perforé d'un boítier de fumigène et au contact dudit couvercle, de manière à obtenir l'échappement des gaz dégagés par la poudre pour une pression déterminée. On pourra utilement se reporter au document de brevet DE-B-1 153 296 (formant une base pour le preambule de la revendication 1) pour la description d'un tel boítier. La pression interne des gaz de combustion, lorsqu'elle atteint une valeur donnée, déchire les parties du film situées sous les perforations du couvercle, lesquelles présentent usuellement une géométrie de cylindre droit.It is known to have a plastic or metal film under the perforated cover a smoke housing and in contact with said cover, so as to obtain the exhaust of gases released by the powder for a determined pressure. We will be able to usefully refer to patent document DE-B-1 153 296 (forming a basis for the preamble of claim 1) for the description of such a housing. The internal pressure of the combustion gases, when it reaches a given value, tears the parts of the film located under the perforations of the cover, which have usually a right cylinder geometry.
Un inconvénient majeur de ce type de boítier de fumigène est qu'il ne découpe qu'imparfaitement la partie de film située sous chaque perforation, des lambeaux de film restant accrochés à la périphérie de la perforation. Il en résulte la projection hors du couvercle de gouttelettes issues de la condensation sur lesdits lambeaux de résidus de poudre non brûlés et sublimés. Ceci provoque un nuage de fumées grasses et un dégagement de gaz fumigène inférieur à ce qu'il serait sans ces gouttelettes.A major drawback of this type of smoke housing is that it does not cut imperfectly the part of film located under each perforation, strips of film remaining attached to the periphery of the perforation. This results in the projection out of the cover of droplets from condensation on said shreds of residue from unburned and sublimated powder. This causes a cloud of fatty smoke and a less smoke smoke released than it would be without these droplets.
Un objet de l'invention consiste à prévoir une enveloppe de boítier de fumigène qui évite tout risque d'éclatement quand la réaction de la poudre fumigène est amorcée et qui assure la sortie rapide des gaz fumigènes sous une pression relativement importante et constante.An object of the invention is to provide a smoke casing envelope which avoids any risk of bursting when the reaction of the smoke powder is initiated and which ensures the rapid exit of smoke gases under relatively high pressure and constant.
Un autre objet de l'invention est de prévoir un boítier de fumigène qui soit d'une structure telle qu'il ne donne pas lieu à la projection de condensats et de poussières, lesquels sont nuisibles à son rendement.Another object of the invention is to provide a smoke housing which is of a structure such that it does not give rise to the projection of condensate and dust, which are detrimental to its performance.
A cet effet, l'enveloppe d'un boítier de fumigène selon l'invention comporte, d'une part, une paroi classique résistant à la pression de la composition fumigène pendant qu'elle est l'objet de la réaction exothermique de la poudre fumigène, une fois qu'elle a été amorcée par un moyen adéquat et, d'autre part, au moins une zone moins résistante, formée d'une couche relativement fine, ladite zone étant recouverte par un couvercle de résistance comparable au reste de la paroi classique et qui est percé d'une pluralité de trous. Ladite enveloppe est caractérisée en ce que chaque trou dudit couvercle présente une forme gauchie.For this purpose, the envelope of a smoke housing according to the invention comprises, on the one hand, a conventional wall resistant to the pressure of the smoke composition during that it is the object of the exothermic reaction of the smoke powder, once it has been initiated by an adequate means and, on the other hand, at least one less resistant zone, formed of a relatively thin layer, said zone being covered by a cover of resistance comparable to the rest of the conventional wall and which is pierced with a plurality of holes. Said envelope is characterized in that each hole of said cover has a warped shape.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le bord inférieur de chaque trou est déchiqueté de manière à former des irrégularités tranchantes.According to another characteristic of the invention, the lower edge of each hole is shredded to form sharp irregularities.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la zone moins résistante est constituée par un film d'aluminium.According to another characteristic of the invention, the less resistant zone is formed by an aluminum film.
Les caractéristiques de l'invention mentionnées ci-dessus, ainsi que d'autres,
apparaítront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante d'un exemple de
réalisation, la description étant faite en relation avec les dessins joints, parmi lesquels:
Le boítier de fumigène de la Fig. 1 a la forme d'une boíte de conserve cylindrique
comportant un corps cylindrique 1 et un couvercle 2 avec, sous le couvercle 2, un
opercule 3. L'opercule 3 et le haut du corps 1 sont soudés de manière à former une
enveloppe étanche contenant la poudre ou comprimé fumigène 4 et l'amorce 5,
symboliquement représentée. Le couvercle 2 est serti sur le bord supérieur du corps
cylindrique 1, comme sur une boíte de conserve. Une fois le sertissage effectué, l'opercule
3 est en contact par toute sa surface avec la face interne du couvercle 2.The smoke housing of FIG. 1 has the shape of a cylindrical can
comprising a cylindrical body 1 and a
Dans un autre exemple de réalisation illustré à la Fig. 2, l'opercule 3 et le
couvercle 2 sont sertis sur le bord supérieur du corps 1 au cours de la même opération de
sertissage.In another exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2,
Le couvercle 2 est percé de trous, tels que 6, 7 et 8. qui sont pratiquement
circulaires et ont un diamètre de l'ordre de 0,5 cm, par exemple. En fonction des poudres
utilisées et de la taille du boítier de fumigène, la valeur de ce diamètre peut varier.The
L'opercule 3 peut, par exemple, être disponible sous la forme d'un film ayant une
résistance au déchirement bien établi. Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de
l'invention, l'opercule 3 est constitué d'un film en aluminium de faible épaisseur. A titre
indicatif l'épaisseur de ce film 3 est comprise entre deux et trois microns, par exemple.The
Comme on peut le voir à la Fig. 3, qui correspond au mode de réalisation de la
Fig. 2 où l'opercule 3 et le couvercle 2 sont sertis sur le bord supérieur du corps 1;
chaque trou 6 ou 7 ou 8 est gauchi et a son arête 9 tournée vers l'intérieur du boítier,
ladite arête 9 étant déchiquetée de manière à présenter une multitude de pointes
tranchantes.As can be seen in Fig. 3, which corresponds to the embodiment of the
Fig. 2 where the
On effectue d'abord un poinçonnage du couvercle 2 au moyen d'un poinçon dont
les dimensions sont sensiblement inférieures à celles de la matrice de poinçonnage placée
sous le couvercle 2. On obtient alors un trou 6 ou 7 ou 8 dont le bord inférieur 10 est
déchiqueté et comporte aussi des irrégularités tranchantes. On procède ensuite à un
gauchissement de ce trou 6 ou 7 ou 8 au moyen d'une tige qui est insérée axialement dans
ledit trou 6 ou 7 ou 8 et que l'on fait basculer jusqu'à la paroi 10 du trou 6 ou 7 ou 8 pour
ensuite la déformer. Le bord 10 dudit trou 6 ou 7 ou 8 présente alors une inclinaison lui
permettant de découper efficacement la partie du film 3 située juste en dessous lors de la
réaction chimique se déroulant dans le boítier de fumigène. The
Le fonctionnement d'un boítier de fumigène, suivant l'invention, est le suivant.
Au départ, la pression des gaz en augmentant dans le corps du fumigène active la
combustion des poudres ou des comprimés fumigènes. Quand la pression interne
augmente, l'opercule 3 est plaqué fortement contre les trous 6, 7 et 8. Il en résulte une
première perforation de l'opercule 3 en face de l'un des trous 6 ou 7 ou 8 laissant ainsi
s'évacuer du gaz fumigène. Quand la pression augmente encore, d'autres perforations se
produisent successivement en face des trous 6, 7 et 8 du couvercle 2, ce qui évite le
risque d'éclatement.The operation of a smoke housing, according to the invention, is as follows.
Initially, the pressure of the gases increasing in the body of the smoke activates the
combustion of smoke powders or tablets. When the internal pressure
increases, the
Du fait de la configuration de chaque trou 6 ou 7 ou 8, les gaz fumigènes sous
pression ont pour effet de découper nettement sous ledit trou 6 ou 7 ou 8 une pastille de
film circulaire. On évite ainsi la formation de lambeaux de film 3 restant accrochés au
bord 10 de chaque trou 6 ou 7 ou 8, et par conséquent la projection de gouttelettes ou
condensats de fumées résineuses non brûlées, qui nuit à l'efficacité du boítier de fumigène.Due to the configuration of each
Comme la résistance au déchirement de l'opercule 3 est constante, la pression du
gaz issu du boítier est constante.As the tear resistance of the
Bien entendu, le nombre de trous 6, 7, et 8 ou d'ouvertures dans le couvercle 2
se détermine en fonction d'expérimentations sur les boítiers de fumigène.Of course, the number of
Claims (3)
- An envelope of a smoke pot, comprising, on the one hand, a wall (1) of traditional design, resistant to the pressure of the smoke generating substance (4) when the said substance is the object of an exothermic reaction of the smoke generating powder, once this has been initiated by appropriate means, and, on the other, an area of reduced strength (3), formed of a relatively thin layer, the said area (3) being covered by a cover (2) of a strength comparable to the rest of the traditional wall, and which is pierced by a large number of holes (6, 7, and 8), characterised in that each hole (6 or 7 or 8) of the said cover (2) features a warped shape.
- An envelope of a smoke pot according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lower edge (10) of each hole (6 or 7 or 8) is serrated in such a way as to form sharp irregularities.
- An envelope of a smoke pot in accordance with Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the area of reduced strength (3) consists of an aluminium foil.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9501310 | 1995-01-31 | ||
| FR9501310A FR2730048B1 (en) | 1995-01-31 | 1995-01-31 | IMPROVEMENTS TO A SMOKE CASE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0725258A1 EP0725258A1 (en) | 1996-08-07 |
| EP0725258B1 true EP0725258B1 (en) | 1998-04-01 |
Family
ID=9475845
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96460005A Expired - Lifetime EP0725258B1 (en) | 1995-01-31 | 1996-01-31 | Smoke pot |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5619009A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0725258B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69600205T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2117479T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2730048B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6581521B1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2003-06-24 | Robert G. Dixon | Reusable gas grenade canister |
| US20140283706A1 (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | Kms Consulting, Llc | Training ammunition cartridge with a gaseous plume signature |
| ES2609752B1 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2018-02-01 | Carlos RIAZA CÁRCAMO | Auto-operated smoke canister in case of theft |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB276198A (en) * | 1926-11-12 | 1927-08-25 | Horace George Mason | Improvements in or relating to the production of smoke and apparatus therefor |
| DE659189C (en) * | 1933-02-17 | 1938-04-27 | Chem Fab Dr Hugo Stoltzenberg | Smoldering candle |
| FR776684A (en) * | 1933-10-23 | 1935-01-31 | Light cartridge | |
| US2791178A (en) * | 1944-11-14 | 1957-05-07 | Norman J Thompson | Incendiary device |
| GB614634A (en) * | 1945-11-02 | 1948-12-20 | Martin Dwyer | Improvements in or relating to smoke and pyrotechnic signalling devices |
| DE1153296B (en) * | 1960-03-30 | 1963-08-22 | Standard Pyrotechnik Meissner | Smoke candle |
| GB1140063A (en) * | 1965-05-28 | 1969-01-15 | Schermuly Ltd | Improved pyrotechnic device |
| US3713383A (en) * | 1966-05-16 | 1973-01-30 | Us Navy | Dispersal technique for cw bw agents |
| US3599571A (en) * | 1969-04-18 | 1971-08-17 | Brunswick Corp | Walking grenade |
| US4171669A (en) * | 1978-02-13 | 1979-10-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Decoy flare |
| US4301938A (en) * | 1978-08-25 | 1981-11-24 | Bs&B Safety Systems, Inc. | Safety pressure relief device |
| US4236648A (en) * | 1979-03-05 | 1980-12-02 | Black, Sivalls & Bryson | Safety pressure relief apparatus |
| DE3510367A1 (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-25 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Jürgen Diederichs GmbH & Co KG, 2077 Trittau | FOGGED BODY |
| CH674742A5 (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1990-07-13 | Eidgenoess Munitionsfab Thun | |
| DE4016854A1 (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-11-28 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Camouflage and swap device |
| US5522320A (en) * | 1993-07-12 | 1996-06-04 | Thiokol Corporation | Low-toxicity obscuring smoke formulation |
-
1995
- 1995-01-31 FR FR9501310A patent/FR2730048B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-01-31 ES ES96460005T patent/ES2117479T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-31 US US08/594,130 patent/US5619009A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-31 EP EP96460005A patent/EP0725258B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-31 DE DE69600205T patent/DE69600205T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0725258A1 (en) | 1996-08-07 |
| FR2730048A1 (en) | 1996-08-02 |
| DE69600205T2 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
| FR2730048B1 (en) | 1997-03-28 |
| US5619009A (en) | 1997-04-08 |
| DE69600205D1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
| ES2117479T3 (en) | 1998-08-01 |
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