EP0720416B1 - Keramische Heizeinrichtung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung - Google Patents
Keramische Heizeinrichtung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0720416B1 EP0720416B1 EP95120498A EP95120498A EP0720416B1 EP 0720416 B1 EP0720416 B1 EP 0720416B1 EP 95120498 A EP95120498 A EP 95120498A EP 95120498 A EP95120498 A EP 95120498A EP 0720416 B1 EP0720416 B1 EP 0720416B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- heating element
- film
- ceramic
- heating conductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 127
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910016006 MoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007649 pad printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/22—Details
Definitions
- the invention relates to a ceramic heater the genus of independent claims, a method too their manufacture and their use.
- From DE-OS 39 24 777 is a ceramic heater known in which a heating conductor with leads from a ceramic foil is punched out.
- the blank obtained in this way is made into a powder mixture from an electric insulating powder embedded, pressed into a body and then sintered.
- Heating conductor are squeezed. As a result, the Resistance value of the heating conductor changed and thereby the required heating output is not reached.
- the heaters with the characteristic features of the independent claims have the advantage that Heating device economical in foil and Laminating technology can be produced.
- the one when laminating The forces to be exerted are less than when pressing one Ceramic powder. That means that the punched out Heating element less mechanical during manufacture is claimed. This in turn causes a uniform current flow through the heating element and thus a particularly uniform power supply is achieved.
- a particularly definable setting for the heating output is guaranteed if a leveling layer is provided. This prevents the heating element is squeezed under pressure when laminating. Besides, will thereby achieving a better laminate bond.
- By an in the structured heat conductor zone becomes the mechanical stability of the heating conductor increased, which the punched heating element is easy to handle.
- the further invention with a thick-film technique executed heating element and with a film punched out leads has the advantage that the Supply lines can be designed with particularly low resistance. Thereby it is possible to over the ohmic resistance of the heating conductor the composition of the paste of the heating layer independently of the materials of the supply lines.
- This Execution also has the advantage that the punched out feed lines are easier to handle than a punched heating element with a relatively thin trained heating conductor. It is also through the Thick film technology of the heating conductor with simple means structurable in different ways, for example in Meander.
- FIG. 1 shows a simplified Exploded view of a first invention Heating device
- Figure 2 is a film for producing a Heating element
- Figure 3 a punched out of the film Heating element according to Figure 1
- Figure 4 a laminated together Heating device according to Figure 1 in cross section
- Figure 5 a Cross section of a round heating device
- Figure 6 a Exploded view of a second invention Heating device
- Figure 7 shows a cross section of the Heating device according to Figure 6
- Figure 8 is a plan view a heating element with a structured heating conductor zone
- Figure 9 is a plan view of a leveling layer for a Heating element
- Figure 10 shows a cross section through a Heating device with a first embodiment of the Compensation layer
- Figure 11 shows a cross section through a Heating device with a second embodiment of the Leveling layer.
- Heating device consists of a first ceramic Carrier film 11, a second ceramic carrier film 12 and one between the two carrier films 11 and 12 arranged heating element 13.
- the carrier films 11, 12 consist of an electrically insulating ceramic Material.
- the heating element 13 has a heating conductor zone 26 with a heating conductor 15 which is connected to a first supply line 16 and a second feed line 17 is connected.
- the heating conductor zone 26 is at one end of the carrier films 11, 12 positioned.
- the leads 16, 17 lead from the heating conductor 15 to the opposite end of the carrier films 11, 12.
- the heating element 13 is made of an electric conductive, ceramic film, hereinafter heating element film Called 19 ( Figure 2), punched out.
- the contour of the Heating element 13 is designed so that the two Feed lines 16, 17 are made wider than that Heating conductor 15, which changes the cross section of the leads 16, 17 increased compared to the cross section of the heating conductor 15. This is the ohmic resistance of the individual supply line 16, 17 less than the ohmic resistance of the heating conductor 15. This ensures that the heating power in Heating conductor 15 arises and thus with the Heat conductor 15 provided end of the carrier films 11, 12 concentrated.
- the heating element film 19 has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the carrier films 11, 12 and the heating element 13 become a sintered body 21, 22 according to FIGS. 4 and 5 laminated together and sintered, the sintered body 22 5 prior to sintering into one rotationally symmetrical pin was pressed.
- Heating element film 19 indentations 27 embossed so that the cross section of the heating element film 19 at these points is reduced.
- areas 28 present that have a larger cross section than the areas of the depressions 27.
- the cross section of the areas 28 and the recesses 27 is less than the cross section of the feed lines 16, 17, whereby the heating conductor zone 26 is higher impedance than the feed lines 16, 17. This creates a high-resistance current path in the heating conductor zone 26, which as Heating conductor 15 acts.
- the heating element 13 first punched out and then the heating conductor zone 26 structured, it being essential that after the Structuring a heat conductor is present, its cross section is smaller than the cross section of the feed lines 16, 17.
- a second manufacturing possibility is that first the heat conductor film 19 in the area of the later Heater conductor zone 26 with a structure according to the depressions 27 and the areas 28 is provided and then the Heating element 13 is punched out of the heating conductor film. This will cause the material to be pushed away to the side during embossing cut away when punching. This is easier too ensure that the cross section of the heating conductor 15 is lower and therefore higher impedance than that of the supply lines 16, 17.
- the carrier foils are used to manufacture the heating device 11 and 12 the intermediate heating element 13 with the Supply lines 16, 17 and with the heating conductor 15 under pressure laminated together.
- the laminated body is in a co-sintering process at, for example, 1850 ° C. Nitrogen or sintered with a forming gas. Then the sintered body 21 or 22 with the in the Figures 4 and 5 shown cross sections.
- FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 Two further versions of the heating device according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11.
- a compensation layer 30 is arranged around the heating element 13.
- the compensation layer 30 consists of an electrically insulating, ceramic material, for example Al 2 O 3 or Si 3 N 4 .
- the thickness of the compensation layer 30 corresponds approximately to the thickness of the heating conductor film 19 from which the heating element 13 is punched out.
- the second embodiment of the compensation layer 30 starts Figure 11 out.
- the leveling layer 30 is one of the carrier films 11, 12, into which a recess 36 is stamped, which has the contour of the heating element 13.
- the depth of the recess 36 corresponds essentially to that Thickness of the heating conductor film 19.
- the thickness of the cavity thus formed in essentially correspond to the thickness of the heating conductor foil 19 should.
- additional ceramic films use in which the recess 36 is embossed so that the punched heating element 13 at least in the large area one of the additional foils can be sunk.
- FIGS. 6 and 7. Another heating device according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- a heating conductor layer 24 forming a heating conductor 20 with, for example, a U-shaped contour is applied to an end section of the first carrier film 11.
- the heating conductor layer 24 is formed from a ceramic paste which contains a ceramic component and an electrically conductive, high-temperature-resistant material, for example MoSi 2 .
- the paste is applied to at least one of the carrier films 11, 12 using a screen or pad printing technique.
- the two supply lines 16, 17 are likewise punched out of a heating element film and are placed, for example, on the first carrier film 11, so that the supply lines 16, 17 contact the heating conductor layer 24.
- the layer thickness of the heating conductor layer 24 is for example 20 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the feed lines 16, 17 corresponds to the thickness of the heating element film 19 of for example 0.4 mm.
- the sintered body 23 can also be closed a body with a round cross section according to FIG. 5 be pressed after sintering.
- the carrier films 11, 12 each consist of AlN, for example. However, it is also conceivable to use other electrically insulating, ceramic materials, such as Si 3 N 4 or Al 2 O 3, or a mixture of these substances. It is also conceivable to produce the two carrier films 11, 12 from different materials.
- the heating element film 19, from which the heating element 13 or the feed lines 16, 17 are punched out consists, for example, of a mixture of 90-30 mol% MoSi 2 and 10-70 mol% AlN. Instead of AlN, Si 3 N 4 or Al 2 O 3 or a mixture of these substances can also be used. The addition of Si 3 N 4 , AlN and / or Al 2 O 3 depends on the material of the carrier films 11, 12 used, with the addition of the corresponding material of the carrier films 11, 12, the thermal expansion coefficients of carrier films 11, 12 and Move the heating element 13 closer together and thereby improve the adhesive strength of the heating element with the carrier films 11, 12.
- the heating device according to the invention is for example suitable for use as a glow plug and glow plug or Incandescent bodies, which are used as starting aids Lighten diesel engines.
- the inclusion in a Housing and the contacting of the leads 16, 17 with Connection cables are well known and will not be described in detail described.
- the heating device with others Combine components that are specific to one Temperature must be heated.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
Claims (12)
- Keramische Heizeinrichtung mit einem in einem elektrisch isolierenden keramischen Körper eingebetteten Heizelement (13) mit einem Heizleiter (15) mit Zuleitungen (16, 17) und mit einer Heizleiterzone (26), die von dem an einem Ende zwischen den Zuleitungen (16, 17) ausgebildeten Heizleiter (15) gebildet ist, wobei das Heizelement (13) aus einer keramischen Folie ausgestanzt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das aus der keramischen Folie (19) ausgestanzte Heizelement (13) zwischen einer ersten Trägerfolien (11) und einer zweiten Trägerfolie (12) angeordnet und die Trägerfolien (11, 12) und das Heizelement(14) zusammenlaminiert sind.
- Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Heizleiterzone (26) Vertiefungen (27) eingebracht sind, die in der Heizleiterzone (26) Bereiche mit unterschiedlichen Querschnitten derart ausbilden, daß eine strukturierter Heizleiter (15) mit mindestens einem gegenüber den Zuleitungen (16, 17) hochohmigeren Strompfad entsteht.
- Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefungen durch Prägen in die keramische Folie eingebracht sind.
- Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Heizelement (13) von einer Ausgleichsschicht (30) umgeben ist, die von mindestens einer elektrisch isolierenden, keramischen Folie (31) gebildet ist, und daß die Folie (31) eine Kontur aufweist, in der das Heizelement (13) zumindest annähernd versenkbar ist.
- Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 4 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kontur von einer aus der Folie (31) ausgestanzten Aussparung (32) gebildet ist, in die das ausgestanzte Heizelement (14) versenkbar ist.
- Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Folie (31) von mindestens einer der beiden Trägerfolien (11, 12) gebildet ist, daß die Kontur von mindestens einer in mindestens eine der Trägerfolien (11, 12) eingebrachten Vertiefung (36) gebildet ist und daß in der Vertiefung (36) das Heizelement (13) versenkbar ist.
- Keramische Heizeinrichtung mit einem in einem elektrisch isolierenden keramischen Körper eingebetteten Heizelement (14) mit einem Heizleiter (20) und mit Zuleitungen (16, 17) und mit einer Heizleiterzone, die von dem an einem Ende zwischen den Zuleitungen (16, 17) ausgebildeten Heizleiter (20) gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Heizleiter (20) von einer auf wenigstens eine der Trägerfolien (11, 12) in Dickschichttechnik aufgetragenen Heizleiterschicht (24) gebildet ist, daß die Zuleitungen (16, 17) aus einer elektrisch leitenden, keramischen Folie ausgestanzt sind, daß die ausgestanzten Zuleitungen (16, 17) auf einer der Trägerfolien (11, 12) derart angeordnet sind, daß die Zuleitungen (16, 17) mit der Heizleiterschicht (24) kontaktiert sind, und daß die Trägerfolien (11, 12) und das Heizelement (14) zusammenlaminiert sind.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Heizeinrichtung mit einem in mindestens zwei keramischen Trägerfolien (11, 12) eingebetteten Heizelement (13, 14) mit einem in einer Heizleiterzone (26) angeordneten Heizleiter (15, 20) und mit Zuleitungen (16, 17), nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest die Zuleitungen (16, 17) des Heizelements (13, 14) aus einer elektrisch leitenden, keramischen Folie (19) ausgestanzt werden, daß das Heizelement zwischen den Trägerfolien (11, 12) angeordnet und mit den Trägerfolien (11, 12) zu einem Laminierkörper zusammenlaminiert wird und daß anschließend der Laminierkörper gesintert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Heizleiterzone (26) Vertiefungen derart eingeprägt werden, daß ein strukturierter Heizleiter (15, 20) mit mindestens einem gegenüber den Zuleitungen hochohmigeren Strompfad entsteht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zunächst das Heizelement (13, 14) ausgestanzt wird und anschließend die Heizleiterzone (26) strukturiert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zunächst die Folie (19) im Bereich der Heizleiterzone (26) strukturiert wird und daß anschließend das Heizelement (13, 14) aus der Folie (19) ausgestanzt wird.
- Verwendung der keramischen Heizeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 bis 7 als Glühkerze, Glühvorsatz oder Glühkörper, welche zum Einsatz als Starthilfevorrichtungen in Verbrennungsmotoren geeignet sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4447074 | 1994-12-29 | ||
DE4447074 | 1994-12-29 | ||
DE19547373 | 1995-12-19 | ||
DE19547373A DE19547373A1 (de) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-19 | Keramische Heizeinrichtung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0720416A2 EP0720416A2 (de) | 1996-07-03 |
EP0720416A3 EP0720416A3 (de) | 1996-11-20 |
EP0720416B1 true EP0720416B1 (de) | 2004-03-24 |
Family
ID=25943438
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95120498A Expired - Lifetime EP0720416B1 (de) | 1994-12-29 | 1995-12-22 | Keramische Heizeinrichtung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0720416B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001019139A1 (fr) * | 1999-09-07 | 2001-03-15 | Ibiden Co., Ltd. | Plaque chauffante en ceramique |
EP1972878B1 (de) * | 2006-01-13 | 2016-09-28 | NGK Insulators, Ltd. | Stützstruktur für heizung |
US8089337B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2012-01-03 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Thick film layered resistive device employing a dielectric tape |
US8557082B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 | 2013-10-15 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Reduced cycle time manufacturing processes for thick film resistive devices |
US8061402B2 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2011-11-22 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Method and apparatus for positioning layers within a layered heater system |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3924777A1 (de) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-02-08 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | Keramische heizvorrichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5086210A (en) * | 1988-03-29 | 1992-02-04 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Mo5 Si3 C ceramic material and glow plug heating element made of the same |
JPH01313362A (ja) * | 1988-06-09 | 1989-12-18 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | セラミック発熱体およびその製造方法 |
DE4318327C2 (de) * | 1993-06-02 | 1997-01-30 | Siemens Ag | Gassensor |
JP2828575B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-12 | 1998-11-25 | 京セラ株式会社 | 窒化珪素質セラミックヒータ |
-
1995
- 1995-12-22 EP EP95120498A patent/EP0720416B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3924777A1 (de) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-02-08 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | Keramische heizvorrichtung und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0720416A3 (de) | 1996-11-20 |
EP0720416A2 (de) | 1996-07-03 |
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