EP0718861B1 - Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter - Google Patents

Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0718861B1
EP0718861B1 EP95420340A EP95420340A EP0718861B1 EP 0718861 B1 EP0718861 B1 EP 0718861B1 EP 95420340 A EP95420340 A EP 95420340A EP 95420340 A EP95420340 A EP 95420340A EP 0718861 B1 EP0718861 B1 EP 0718861B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
magnet
fluid
annular magnet
safety switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95420340A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0718861A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Claude Buffet
Lionel Raut
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BorgWarner Transmission Systems Monaco SAM
Original Assignee
Eaton SAM
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eaton SAM filed Critical Eaton SAM
Publication of EP0718861A1 publication Critical patent/EP0718861A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0718861B1 publication Critical patent/EP0718861B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
    • H01H35/40—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow actuated by devices allowing continual flow of fluid, e.g. vane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
    • H01H35/34—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow actuated by diaphragm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0073—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding actuated by relative movement between two magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch safety electric, controlled from pressure of a liquid or gaseous fluid.
  • This electrical switch can be used in carpet cleaning devices, carpets and floors, to protect the pumps from these devices especially against the risks of operation without water.
  • FIG. 1 of the schematic drawing attached The principle of such a device, notably designated as "carpet washer”, is recalled in FIG. 1 of the schematic drawing attached.
  • the device includes a tank 1, containing a solution of water and detergent.
  • a pump 2 connected to the tank 1, allows the setting under pressure of the water and detergent solution, ensuring thus its displacement along a pipe 3 fitted a manual tap 4, and leading to a diffuser or nozzle 5. Under the effect of the pressure generated by the pump 2, the nozzle 5 diffuses the solution of water and detergent on the carpet or carpet to be cleaned, forming a jet 6.
  • Pump 2 is actuated by a switch electric manual 7, located on the device.
  • a pressure switch safety device 8 can be placed on piping 3 at the pump 2 output, for automatic control stopping the pump 2 in the case where the manual tap 4 is closed while switch 7 is supplying electrically pump 2.
  • Pump 2 may run continuously, as long as the manual switch 7 remains closed.
  • pump 2 can operate without water if tank 1 is empty, or under pressure maximum without water flow, if manual tap 4 is not opened by the user. Pump 2, no longer being cooled by the liquid passage which also ensures the lubrication of its moving parts, is then quickly destroyed.
  • An electric safety switch controlled by from the pressure of a liquid or gaseous fluid, which includes a body with a passage for liquid or gaseous fluid, a chamber in communication with the fluid passage, a mobile and / or deformable element arranged at the interior of the room and linked to a first magnet, an electrically insulating partition and waterproof which houses and guides a second, mobile magnet axially and mechanically linked to a movable contact, such as a contact blade, cooperating with at least one fixed electrical terminal so to close or open an electrical circuit, depending on the position of this second magnet magnetically coupled to this first coaxial magnet, itself positioned according to the pressure of the fluid admitted into the chamber mentioned above is known from document DE-A- 2 412 054.
  • a first insufficiency of these pressure switches is that they don't have insulation so-called "reinforced” electrical equipment, as recommended by European standard IEC 335 for devices class II electrics.
  • the current pressure switches are not able to detect the difference between a pressure water pressure and air pressure, causing shutdown of the carpet washer pump as well in case of closing the manual tap only when the the device is empty, to obtain protection from the pump in all circumstances.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the whole of these disadvantages, by providing a switch electric safety, can replace the pressure switches above mentioned, which while being of a simplified manufacturing ensures electrical insulation reinforced, and which, in its application to a carpet washer or similar device, is able to detect as well the absence of liquid that the absence of flow in the device, even if the operating pressure normal with liquid is equal to that of air compressed by the pump when the device tank is empty.
  • the invention essentially has for object an electric safety switch, controlled by from the pressure of a liquid or gaseous fluid, which includes a body with a passage for the liquid fluid or gaseous, a room in communication with the passage of fluid, a mobile and / or deformable element arranged at inside the chamber and linked to an annular magnet, an electrically insulating and watertight bulkhead which is surrounded by the annular magnet and which houses and guides a central magnet, axially movable and mechanically linked to a movable contact member, such as a contact blade, cooperating with at least one fixed electrical terminal of way to close or open an electrical circuit, according to the position of the central magnet magnetically coupled to the coaxial annular magnet, itself positioned according to the fluid pressure admitted into the aforementioned chamber.
  • the proposed device thus uses two magnets permanent in coaxial arrangement, magnetically coupled and located on either side of an insulating partition, separating the part in contact with the fluid, such only water, from the part with the contacts switch.
  • the choice of a partition insulating separator of sufficient thickness allows to obtain "reinforced" electrical insulation which is desired.
  • the use of permanent magnets magnetically coupled ensures fast switching between the closed and open positions of the switch, and an appropriate contact pressure in closed position, no need for springs, hence a significant constructive simplification.
  • the annular magnet is carried by a membrane flexible, immobilized by its periphery and defining a variable volume in which the fluid is admitted, the pressure is exerted on one face of the flexible membrane, this flexible membrane also being subjected to the effect of a return spring pushing it back to its rest position, that is to say the position it occupies for a pressure minimum fluid.
  • the flexible membrane is for example immobilized, by its periphery, between the aforementioned body and an insulating housing, comprising an interior wall cylindrical which is surrounded by the annular magnet, and which houses and guides the central magnet, the insulating housing carrying the electrical terminals which cooperate with the organ such as contact blade, moved by the central magnet.
  • the end faces of the central magnet and the magnet annular i.e. their respective faces turned on the same side have identical polarities, so that the displacement of the annular magnet in a either way, depending on the pressure of fluid, is accompanied by magnetic repulsion effect of reverse direction of the central magnet, therefore the movable contact member such as a contact blade.
  • the application of the phenomenon of magnetic repulsion, acting between the poles of the two coaxial magnets, here allows rapid tilting, from the closed position to the open position of the switch and vice versa, without need for a spring, the force of magnetic repulsion also ensuring, in the closed position of the switch, the pressure of the electrical contacts.
  • the passage of fluid in the switch body has, between its entry and exit, a venturi whose neck communicates with the chamber in which the movable element is placed and / or deformable linked to the annular magnet.
  • a switch provided with this last provision is especially usable in an appliance of the carpet washer type, in as protection switch of a setting pump under pressure of a solution of water and detergent drawn in a tank.
  • the safety switch object of the invention here advantageously replaces the pressure switches classics.
  • carpet washers generally have a dynamic pressure of water solution and detergent, normal walking, which is substantially equal to that of compressed air by the pump when the tank is empty and the manual valve is closed.
  • an ordinary pressure switch calibrated to a pressure close to that of the operating liquid normal, on pain of seeing him interrupt the feeding electric pump in normal operation.
  • the switch security object of the present invention incorporating a venturi, provides a solution to this problem by reacting in a different way for two fluid pressures of same size, depending on whether it is a liquid or a gas, especially water or air. This results from the fact that the venturi creates a higher depression in the presence of a water flow.
  • the safety switch object of the invention can thus be adjusted to open its contact electric at a pressure equal to those present in the hydraulic circuit in the presence of water or air, but it does not reacts only if the air pressure reaches this value particular, which corresponds to a lack of water (empty tank).
  • the switch also cuts the power supply to the pump in case of pressure high water without flow, making the venturi ineffective (case where the manual tap remained closed).
  • the electric safety switch shown in Figure 2, generally designated by the reference 8, includes a housing 9 made of electrically material insulating, mounted on a body 10 in which is formed a fluid passage 11, extending between an inlet of fluid 12 and a fluid outlet 13.
  • the insulating housing 9 forms a cavity 14, closed from all sides.
  • Two electrical connection terminals 15 and 16 pass through the outer wall 17 of the insulating housing 9 and protrude inside the cavity 14.
  • a blade movable contact 18, housed inside the cavity 14, cooperates with the two terminals 15 and 16 so as to ensure either the passage of electric current between the two terminals 15 and 16, i.e. the interruption of all connections electric between these two terminals 15 and 16.
  • the cavity 14 is delimited by a wall cylindrical inner 19 of the insulating housing 9, which houses and guides a central cylindrical magnet 20, movable axially.
  • the contact blade 18 is mechanically linked to the central magnet 20, by means of a rod of link 21, so as to receive the axial movement of the central magnet 20.
  • the room 22 communicates, through a channel 23, with the passage of body fluid 11.
  • a flexible membrane 24 Inside the chamber 22 is arranged a flexible membrane 24, the periphery of which is trapped between the insulating housing 9 and the body 10, in the plane of joint of these two elements.
  • the movable internal part of the flexible membrane 24 carries an annular magnet 25, which takes place around the cylindrical inner wall 19 of the insulating housing 9, coaxially with the inner magnet 20.
  • the flexible membrane 24 has a spring helical 26, also housed in room 22, which recalls the membrane 24 in the rest position, that is to say close to the body 10.
  • the inner cylindrical magnet 20, and the magnet annular exterior 25, arranged coaxially, are axially polarized.
  • their respective poles of same name are located on the same side.
  • the N pole of the central cylindrical magnet 20 is located on its face upper circular
  • the N pole of the outer magnet annular 25 is located on its upper annular face
  • the pole S of the central cylindrical magnet 20 then being located on its lower circular face
  • the pole S of the annular outer magnet 25 is located on the lower annular face of the latter. All of the two magnets 20 and 25 therefore operate by magnetic repulsion, the poles of the same name (N or S) are repulsive.
  • the flexible membrane 24 In the rest position, the flexible membrane 24 is pushed back into its lower position by the spring 26. As shown in the central part of figure 3, the magnet annular exterior 25 then occupies its low position, and it pushes the central magnet 20 upwards, which has to close the electric switch 8, the blade contact 18 being brought by the central magnet 20 to the simultaneous contact of the two terminals 15 and 16. In this closed position, thrust F of the central magnet 20, directed upwards, ensures the contact pressure of the blade 18 on the two terminals 15 and 16.
  • the opening of the electric switch 8 thus caused interrupts the power supply, therefore the operation, of pump 2 to be protected, electrically mounted in series with this electrical safety switch 8 as well than with the manual electric switch 7, in a electric circuit branch 27 see figure 4.
  • the fluid passage 11 of the body 10 preferably forms between its entry 12 and its outlet 13, a venturi with a converging 28, a neck 29 and a divergent 30, the channel 23 having its starting point at the neck 29 of the venturi.
  • This venturi 28,29,30 creates, in the presence of water in the fluid passage 11, a depression in chamber 22, at the level of the membrane 24, which is greater than the depression observed in presence of air, thus causing a pressure shift between that of air and that of water contained in the piping 3 of the device.
  • the switch electric 8 does not cause the pump 2 to stop that in the case where only air is present in the fluid passage 11, which corresponds to a lack of water requiring shutdown of pump 2.
  • the electric switch 8 does not "see” the actual water pressure during normal operation, since a pressure difference ⁇ P is created between the outlet of the pump 2 and the pressure tap point via channel 23, this pressure difference ⁇ P bringing the pressure in chamber 22 at a value below the pressure of switch setting 8.
  • Figure 5 allows to better appreciate the pressure operation of the carpet washer, indicating as a function of time t, the water pressure P1 in normal use, the water pressure P2 when the manual valve 4 is closed, and the air pressure P3 when the tank 1 is empty, this air pressure P3 being close to the water pressure P1 in use normal, itself below the maximum water pressure P2 usually observed when manual valve 4 is closed.
  • This water pressure P2 is eliminated thanks to the electric safety switch 8 object of the invention which controls the immediate stopping of pump 2 if such pressure appears.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter, der durch den Druck eines flüssigen oder gasförmigen Fluides gesteuert wird, der einen Körper (10) mit einer Durchführung (11) für das flüssige oder gasförmige Fluid, eine mit der Durchführung (11) für das Fluid in Verbindung stehende Kammer (22), ein bewegliches und/oder deformierbares Element (24), das in dem Inneren der Kammer (22) angeordnet ist und an einen ringförmigen Magneten (25) gekoppelt ist, eine elektrisch isolierende und dichte Zwischenwand (19), die von dem ringförmigen Magneten (25) umgeben ist und die einen in axialer Richtung beweglichen zentralen Magneten (20) aufnimmt und führt, der mechanisch an ein Teil eines beweglichen Kontaktes (18), wie eine Kontaktplatte, gekoppelt ist, das mit mindestens einer feststehenden elektrischen Klemme (15, 16) auf eine Weise zusammenwirkt, um eine elektrische Schaltung (27) entsprechend der Position des zentralen Magneten (20) zu schließen oder zu öffnen, der magnetisch an den koaxialen ringförmigen Magneten (25) gekoppelt ist, der selbst durch den Druck (P) des in die genannte Kammer (22) eingelassenen Fluides positioniert wird, umfaßt.
  2. Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der ringförmige Magnet (25) durch eine nachgiebige Membran (24) gehalten ist, die an ihrem Umfang festgelegt ist und einen variablen Raum begrenzt, in den das Fluid eingelassen wird, dessen Druck (P) sich auf eine Seite der nachgiebigen Membran (24) richtet, wobei diese nachgiebige Membran (24) auch der Wirkung einer Rückholfeder (26) unterworfen ist, die sie wieder in ihre Ruheposition, das heißt in die Position, die sie bei einem minimalen Druck (P) des Fluides einnimmt, drückt.
  3. Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nachgiebige Membran (24) an ihrem Umfang zwischen dem genannten Körper (10) und einem isolierenden Gehäuse (9) festgelegt ist, das eine innere zylindrische Wand (19) aufweist, die von dem ringförmigen Magneten (25) umgeben ist und die den zentralen Magneten aufnimmt und führt, wobei das isolierende Gehäuse (9) elektrische Klemmen (15, 16) hält, die mit dem Teil (18), wie einer Kontaktplatte, zusammenwirkt, das durch den zentralen Magneten (20) versetzt wird.
  4. Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die korrespondierenden Endseiten des zentralen Magneten (20) und des ringförmigen Magneten (25), das heißt ihre jeweiligen Seiten, die zu derselben Seite gewendet sind, identische Polaritäten (N und S) besitzen, so daß die Verschiebung des ringförmigen Magneten (25) in eine Richtung oder die andere in Abhängigkeit des Druckes (P) des Fluides, durch die Wirkung der magnetischen Abstoßung die Verschiebungen in die entgegengesetzte Richtung zu dem zentralen Magneten (20) und folglich zu dem Teil des beweglichen Kontaktes (18), wie eine Kontaktplatte, mit sich bringt.
  5. Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchführung (11) für das Fluid an ihrem Körper (10) zwischen ihrem Eingang (12) und ihrem Ausgang (13) eine Venturidüse (28, 29, 30) umfaßt, deren Hals (29) mit der Kammer (22) in Verbindung steht (bei 23), in der das bewegliche und/oder deformierbare Element (24) angeordnet ist, das an den ringförmigen Magneten (25) gekoppelt ist.
  6. Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, gekennzeichnet durch seinen Einsatz in einer Vorrichtung zur Teppich reinigung, als Schutzschalter einer Pumpe (2) zum unter Druck setzen einer Lösung aus Wasser und eines Reinigungsmittels, die aus einem Reservoir (1) geschöpft wird.
EP95420340A 1994-12-06 1995-12-01 Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter Expired - Lifetime EP0718861B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9414886A FR2727787B1 (fr) 1994-12-06 1994-12-06 Interrupteur electrique de securite
FR9414886 1994-12-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0718861A1 EP0718861A1 (de) 1996-06-26
EP0718861B1 true EP0718861B1 (de) 1999-02-03

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Family Applications (1)

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EP95420340A Expired - Lifetime EP0718861B1 (de) 1994-12-06 1995-12-01 Elektrischer Sicherheitsschalter

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US (1) US5703552A (de)
EP (1) EP0718861B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69507682D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2727787B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (15)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5939638A (en) * 1997-08-01 1999-08-17 Zovath; Peter J. Pressure sensor with protective internal wall
JP3850199B2 (ja) * 2000-03-10 2006-11-29 ナイルス株式会社 インヒビタスイッチ
US6868732B2 (en) * 2002-09-25 2005-03-22 Siemens Vdo Automotive Inc. Differential pressure signaling device and method employing a magnetoresistive sensor
US7247210B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2007-07-24 Ecolab Inc. Methods for treating CIP equipment and equipment for treating CIP equipment
US7392811B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2008-07-01 Ecolab Inc. Delivery head for multiple phase treatment composition, vessel including a delivery head, and method for treating a vessel interior surface
US7220358B2 (en) 2004-02-23 2007-05-22 Ecolab Inc. Methods for treating membranes and separation facilities and membrane treatment composition
US7157653B1 (en) 2005-09-20 2007-01-02 Deltrol Controls Magnetic latching switch
US20080257908A1 (en) * 2007-04-23 2008-10-23 Reelick Eugene A Liquid dispensing device
CA2671500C (en) * 2009-07-10 2011-05-24 Thomas Lemmer Pressure differential motor control system and method
US8393875B2 (en) * 2009-08-20 2013-03-12 R. E. Prescott Co., Inc. Pressure-controlled liquid supply system and pump control device for use therein
CN101697331B (zh) * 2009-10-30 2013-04-17 福州斯狄渢电热水器有限公司 水流启动开关装置
US8528355B2 (en) * 2010-03-24 2013-09-10 Whirlpool Corporation Atomization unit with negative pressure actuator
US20110236544A1 (en) * 2010-03-24 2011-09-29 Whirlpool Corporation Atomization of food preservation solutions
CN106504941B (zh) * 2016-12-27 2018-10-09 中山市博安泰电器科技有限公司 一种差压开关
CN112951678A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-06-11 西安交通大学 基于磁场触发的液态金属限流器及其限流方法

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DE2412054C3 (de) * 1974-03-11 1978-12-21 Aqua Butzke-Werke Ag, 1000 Berlin Von der Durchflußmenge unabhängig arbeitende Differenzdruck-Schaltarmatur für flüssige oder gasförmige Medien
JPS63195395A (ja) * 1987-02-09 1988-08-12 Hitachi Ltd 自動式電動ポンプ
DE9013153U1 (de) * 1990-09-15 1990-12-20 Pierburg Gmbh, 4040 Neuss, De
US5308939A (en) * 1992-07-21 1994-05-03 Fuji Koki Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Pressure equalizing mechanism for a pressure switch
JPH0652761A (ja) * 1992-08-01 1994-02-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 開閉器
US5425396A (en) * 1993-07-02 1995-06-20 Wodeslavsky; Josef Water pressure level control valve
DE9405685U1 (de) * 1994-04-06 1994-05-26 Mann & Hummel Filter Differenzdruckschalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69507682D1 (de) 1999-03-18
EP0718861A1 (de) 1996-06-26
FR2727787B1 (fr) 1997-01-24
US5703552A (en) 1997-12-30
FR2727787A1 (fr) 1996-06-07

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