EP0718211A1 - Trockenmittelzelle und damit ausgerüsteter Artikel - Google Patents

Trockenmittelzelle und damit ausgerüsteter Artikel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0718211A1
EP0718211A1 EP95810338A EP95810338A EP0718211A1 EP 0718211 A1 EP0718211 A1 EP 0718211A1 EP 95810338 A EP95810338 A EP 95810338A EP 95810338 A EP95810338 A EP 95810338A EP 0718211 A1 EP0718211 A1 EP 0718211A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capsule
opening
compartment
desiccant
article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95810338A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Roland Pretat
Nadia De Boni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pont Saint-Germain SA
Pont Saint Germain SA
Original Assignee
Pont Saint-Germain SA
Pont Saint Germain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pont Saint-Germain SA, Pont Saint Germain SA filed Critical Pont Saint-Germain SA
Priority to EP95810338A priority Critical patent/EP0718211A1/de
Priority to TW84107017A priority patent/TW277114B/zh
Priority to US08/567,906 priority patent/US5610878A/en
Priority to JP7348265A priority patent/JP2733907B2/ja
Priority to KR1019950052192A priority patent/KR960024756A/ko
Publication of EP0718211A1 publication Critical patent/EP0718211A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/02—Evacuated cases; Cases filled with gas or liquids; Cases containing substances for absorbing or binding moisture or dust

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a desiccation capsule comprising a compartment intended to contain a desiccant capable of absorbing moisture, the said compartment being provided on a first face with a first opening closed by a membrane allowing moisture to pass through, but retaining the undissolved desiccant.
  • the present invention further relates to articles, such as watches, cameras, packaging means, etc., comprising a housing defining the interior and exterior of the article, the interior of which must be protected. moisture.
  • articles constituting means for packaging sensitive parts for example cardboard boxes, cases or bags for transporting any type of object sensitive to humidity.
  • the invention can be applied to practically all articles comprising a housing defining the interior and exterior of the article, the interior of the article, or the object disposed inside the article. item may suffer from moisture.
  • a technique sometimes adopted to protect the interior of the article is to make the case as waterproof as possible. This technique is best suited for items that do not need to be opened often, such as watch cases. However, it has also been used to protect portable music players, binoculars or cameras, in particular photographic cameras or cameras, for example.
  • Patent CH215706 (April 19, 1940) describes a waterproof watch whose case contains a desiccation capsule. This capsule contains a desiccant capable of absorbing moisture that may have entered the watch. The desiccation capsule protects the watch mechanism even when the seals have failed to seal.
  • Patents US2463315 (March 1, 1949), CH384690 (December 31, 1956), US3939646 (February 24, 1976), and JP58061561 (April 12, 1983) describe various other means of placing a certain amount of desiccant inside a housing shows, showing that research efforts have been made for a very long time to find a solution to this problem. None of these solutions was however able to prevail, due to disadvantages which prevented any commercial success.
  • Patent CH314386 (December 22, 1953) describes a waterproof watch comprising a tablet containing a material sensitive to humidity.
  • the tablet is visible from the outside and a change in the color and / or appearance of the material thus signals to the user of the watch that moisture has penetrated the case.
  • this tablet only functions as a control, but not as a desiccant and does not have the function of absorbing moisture. When the pastille changes color, it is therefore necessary to have the watch repaired, which may already have suffered possibly irreparable damage.
  • One of the aims of the invention is therefore to propose a drying capsule which avoids these problems, and which clearly indicates to the user when it must be replaced.
  • Another object is to provide a simple and economical, but effective and efficient desiccation capsule construction which can be adapted to various types of articles with an internal volume possibly very different.
  • the invention proposes to produce a desiccation capsule comprising a transparent wall making it possible to see from the outside of the article the color and / or the appearance of the desiccant product contained in the capsule, the capsule then being able to be easily disassembled thanks to non-permanent fixing means.
  • a product which changes color during the absorption of moisture for example CuSO 4, will therefore preferably be used as desiccant.
  • This also avoids other problems associated with the products used in the embodiments mentioned, of the SiO 2 type, which have a relatively low volume absorption capacity for moisture, and which consequently require desiccation capsules with large dimensions. , which can be very difficult to integrate aesthetically in certain articles, in particular in a watch case.
  • the color variation of Si0 2 during moisture absorption is low, making it a poor visual moisture detector.
  • the desiccation capsule comprises a first compartment containing the desiccant and a second compartment separated from the first by a semi-permeable membrane and provided with a second opening connecting it with the interior of the article.
  • This second compartment functions as an airlock which retains the dissolved desiccant inside and prevents it from spreading throughout the case of the article or device to be protected.
  • the capsule can be provided with a removable plug obstructing the second opening.
  • This stopper allows you to transport and store the desiccation capsule before installing it on the article to be protected.
  • the cap is preferably removed just before installing the capsule in the article housing.
  • the invention also relates to articles which can be protected by desiccation capsules of this type.
  • FIG. 1 represents a first type of desiccation capsule adapted in particular to a watch middle.
  • Figure 2 shows in detail a desiccation capsule of the first type.
  • FIG. 3 represents another view of the desiccation capsule of the first type.
  • FIG. 4 represents a second type of desiccation capsule adapted in particular to a middle part of a watch.
  • FIG. 5 represents a third type of desiccation capsule, more particularly suitable for articles of greater internal volume.
  • FIG. 1 represents a first type of desiccation capsule 20, in particular adapted to be integrated into a middle part 11 of a watch 10.
  • the capsule comprises a first compartment 27 containing, as desiccant 30, copper sulphate CuS0 4 .
  • CuS0 4 has the advantage of rapidly changing from white to bright blue when it is brought into contact with moisture. It thus constitutes an effective visual humidity detector. It can be used in the form of powder, crystals, pellets or agglomerates for example.
  • the first compartment has enough volume to contain enough desiccant to be able to absorb any moisture that may have entered the watch.
  • At least certain parts 21, visible in FIG. 2, of the capsule in contact with the desiccant product are made of titanium.
  • This metal has the advantage of withstanding corrosion well due to the desiccant product and its use is well mastered in watchmaking.
  • the capsule comprises a second compartment 28 functioning as an airlock.
  • the first compartment 27 and the second compartment 28 are separated by an internal wall 22 composed of a membrane 23 and a washer 24 pierced with an opening 25.
  • the internal wall 22 constitutes one of the faces the first and second compartments. Conclusive tests were carried out with a wall with a diameter of 1.8 millimeters and a diameter of the opening with 0.5 millimeters.
  • the washer 24 makes it possible to prevent tearing of the membrane when the desiccant product expands during the absorption of moisture. In an alternative embodiment not shown, this could be dispensed with. washer, for example using a desiccant with lower expansion.
  • the internal wall would then only consist of a membrane.
  • the membrane may for example be of the semi-permeable type or else be produced using a porous filter, as is usual in the chemical industry.
  • the membrane may also be a ceramic membrane, or any other membrane or filter capable of allowing moisture to pass through while retaining the desiccant.
  • the second compartment is also preferably made of titanium.
  • the second compartment 28 is connected with the interior 32 of the watch by a second opening 26 through a second wall 31, constituting another face of the second compartment.
  • the second opening has a relatively small diameter compared to the size of the second wall, preferably less than one millimeter.
  • the second opening is preferably circular, but it could just as easily have any other shape.
  • the second wall 31 is substantially parallel to the first wall 22 and the two openings are substantially aligned.
  • the desiccant is visible from the outside 33 of the watch case through a transparent wall 29 made for example from sapphire crystal.
  • a sealing joint 35 seals around the glass.
  • the transparent wall is substantially parallel to the first wall 22 and to the second wall 31. Through this transparent wall, the user of the watch can observe the possible changes in color of the desiccant product and therefore detect whether any moisture has entered the watch case.
  • the capsule is removable and the first compartment can be separated from the second.
  • the first compartment is then replaceable and can be replaced, for example, when a change in the color of the desiccant has been detected.
  • at least part of the outside of the capsule is provided with a thread 36.
  • the first compartment is therefore screwed into the middle part.
  • a circular seal 34 seals above the thread.
  • the second compartment 28 is integral with the middle part and cannot be replaced.
  • the capsule is not removable and the second compartment is integral with the first. In this case, the entire capsule can be replaced, which allows remove traces of desiccant which may still be in the second compartment.
  • the first compartment, or in the variant the entire capsule can either be replaced by a new one, or be recycled by cooking which allows the water absorbed by the CuS0 4 to be evacuated.
  • Figure 3 shows another view of the capsule from the outside.
  • a groove 37 is provided to allow the replacement, using a screwdriver, of the first compartment 27 in the first embodiment, or of the entire capsule in the variant.
  • This construction makes it possible to produce a capsule which completely penetrates into the opening of the case, so that the head of the capsule reaches just flush or slightly set back from the surface of the case.
  • Other arrangements for the easy replacement of all or part of the capsule, which can be fixed to the middle part other than by screwing, are within the reach of those skilled in the art.
  • the invention thus makes it easy to replace the desiccation capsule without opening the watch case. This operation can therefore be carried out very simply even by an inexperienced user, and without risk of damaging the watch seals.
  • the humidity inside the watch enters the second compartment of the capsule through the opening 26 of small diameter. Due to the adhesion forces that attract water molecules to the metal of the capsule, a film of water is formed which clings to the walls of the opening and completely blocks it. This film thus forms a liquid wall stretched through the opening 26. The atmospheric pressure in the second compartment repels and maintains this film towards the opening.
  • the transfer of water through the second compartment takes place by transport of gaseous particles only. These particles come from the evaporation of the film of water stretched through the opening 26. Evaporation is facilitated on the one hand by the body heat provided by the wearer of the watch, and on the other hand by the attraction of the desiccant which absorbs the gaseous particles which have passed through the membrane 23, tending to dry the atmosphere in the second compartment and thus to favor the passage of the water particles from the film from the liquid phase to the gaseous phase.
  • the film remains stretched through the opening 26 as long as it is supplied with water from inside the watch.
  • the second opening 26 could have a shape other than circular, for example square or polygonal. The same goes for the second compartment.
  • Figure 4 shows another embodiment of the desiccation capsule.
  • the axis of the second opening 26 which connects the second compartment 28 with the interior 32 of the watch is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the first opening 25.
  • this allows miniaturization of the capsule in the case of a smaller size.
  • the second compartment is not replaceable.
  • the product is visible from the outside through a transparent wall which is not parallel to the first wall 22.
  • a transparent wall which is not parallel to the first wall 22.
  • at least part of the side walls of the capsule, made of sapphire crystal, is visible from the outside of the watch.
  • the capsule could be integrated into other parts of the middle than the one shown, or even at the bottom or the dial of the watch. It is of course also possible to integrate a desiccation capsule of one of the types described in articles other than watches, possibly by adapting the volume of desiccant and therefore the dimensions of the capsule to the internal volume of the article. to protect.
  • FIG. 5 describes another alternative embodiment of a desiccation capsule according to the invention.
  • This variant is more particularly suitable for articles to be protected with greater internal volume.
  • the dimensions of the capsule are therefore much larger, for example of the order of 12mm in diameter and 25mm in length.
  • the first compartment 27 is thus able to contain a larger quantity of desiccant product 30, capable of absorbing the moisture which may have penetrated into an article of larger volume than a watch.
  • the capsule 20 is preferably made of synthetic or composite material, for example polyacetal. However, it could also be made of metal, preferably titanium in order to resist corrosion due to the desiccant.
  • the second compartment 28 is separated from the first by an internal wall 22 consisting of a membrane 23 and a flat seal 24, pierced with a first opening 25.
  • a driven bush 40 keeps this wall 22 in place.
  • the sleeve 40 could also be screwed rather than driven into the second compartment 28.
  • the second opening 26 through the sleeve 40 makes it possible to connect the second compartment 28 with the interior 32 of the article to be protected from moisture.
  • this opening is obstructed by a plug 41, which is removed after the capsule has been put in place, as will be seen below.
  • humidity therefore passes through the second opening 26, then the second compartment 28, before crossing the first opening 25 and the membrane 23 to be absorbed by the desiccant product 30 in the first compartment 27.
  • the dimensions of the capsule 20 are in this example much larger than in the previous examples.
  • the first opening 25 therefore also has a larger diameter.
  • the capsule 20 is thus adapted to articles of larger volume than that of a watch, for example for camera bodies.
  • the casing of this type of item is generally not waterproof and must be kept away from moisture. In case of complete immersion of the article, it is generally irreparably damaged, regardless of the presence or not of a desiccation capsule.
  • the desiccant capsule 20 is however useful in this type of article to reduce the humidity of the air inside the housing 11, in order to prolong its duration.
  • the humidity levels that the capsule must absorb are therefore generally low, at least in comparison with the humidity level that can prevail in a watch immersed in water with faulty seals.
  • the semi-permeable membrane 23 Since the semi-permeable membrane 23 has a large surface area, and the moisture content to be absorbed is usually low, it is therefore unlikely that the semi-permeable membrane 23 will completely soak up water, and that desiccant may pass through the membrane and spread inside the device. It is therefore usually not necessary for the second opening 26 to have a small diameter as in the previous embodiments.
  • the side walls of the second compartment 28 however make it possible to collect priority traces of desiccant which accidentally could still cross the membrane.
  • this second opening 26 has a relatively large diameter, equal to the diameter of the first opening 25 and the second compartment 28.
  • the desiccation capsule 20 can be fixed to the housing 10 of the article to be protected from moisture by non-permanent fixing means, for example by means of a thread 36 corresponding to a thread in an opening in the housing.
  • the capsule can thus easily be unscrewed and replaced when the user detects through the transparent wall 29 a change in color and / or appearance of the desiccant product 30.
  • the capsule can be unscrewed as above using a screwdriver engaged in a groove on the head of the capsule, or manually by taking advantage of a striated surface on the periphery of the head.
  • the capsule can be fixed to the housing by known clip-type means, taking advantage of the elasticity of the material.
  • a peripheral seal is not necessary in the case where this type of capsule is used with articles whose casing is in any case not waterproof, for example conventional cameras.
  • the capsule can also be pressed directly by force, possibly through a pre-cut opening. The capsule can be removed and exchanged without opening the case.
  • the window 29, constituting the transparent wall through which the user can observe the desiccant 30, is made of mineral ice or possibly of Plexiglas, which can then be fixed in the capsule directly by driving it out.
  • a seal 35 protects the desiccant 30 from moisture outside the article housing.
  • the desiccation capsule 20 is fitted with a stopper 41 before it is placed in the case of the article to be protected.
  • This stopper makes it possible to prevent the desiccant from absorbing moisture, and thus does not arrive to saturation before installing the desiccation capsule.
  • This stopper is preferably made of synthetic material, for example NBR or nitril, but could also be a cork stopper. Thanks to this plug, which is inserted into the opening 26, it is possible to store, transport and market the drying capsule independently of the article to be protected. It is also possible to adapt a plug, of much smaller diameter, in the opening 26 of the desiccation capsules of the previous embodiments.
  • the article to be protected from humidity can, as we have seen, vary greatly in its construction and in its usefulness, but generally has a housing 11 defining the inside and the outside of the article.
  • This case can, depending on the case, be completely waterproof or offer only limited protection against, for example, splashes or splashes of liquid.
  • the interior of the housing which contains for example an electronic, mechanical or optical mechanism, is thus more or less protected from humidity.
  • An opening is provided in the housing 11 of the article, adapted to detachably fix therein a desiccation capsule 20.
  • the opening is provided with a thread in the case of a capsule which is screwed.
  • the diameter of the opening must be sufficient to introduce therein a desiccation capsule adapted to the internal volume of the article to be protected, and to allow to clearly see the color changes of the desiccant product through the transparent wall 29 which must therefore have sufficient diameter. If, unlike the case of Figures 1 to 4, the desiccation capsule 20 can not be entirely contained in the volume of the opening, a certain space must be reserved inside the housing 11 to introduce the capsule.
  • the opening is provided in a location on the housing allowing the user to easily check whether the desiccation capsule needs to be replaced, and if necessary to extract it completely to replace or regenerate it, using a screwdriver if necessary. If the article to be protected has a sealed housing allowing immersion, the opening for the capsule may then include a seal, or at least a groove or a location for placing a seal.
  • the article to be protected is preferably designed so that the transparent wall 29 of the drying capsule 20 placed is visible from the outside. Preferably, this transparent wall arrives flush with the surface of the housing when the capsule is in place, as in FIGS. 1 to 4. In certain types of articles, however, this transparent wall may only be visible by opening the article housing, or through a window in the article housing. If the article is an optical device, for example a camera, a camcorder or a pair of binoculars, the capsule can also be placed inside the housing so that the transparent wall 29 is visible only through the viewfinder of the device, in the form of an alarm signal indicating to the user the need to replace the desiccation capsule.
  • the transparent wall 29 of the drying capsule 20 placed arrives flush with the surface of the housing when the capsule is in place, as in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • this transparent wall may only be visible by opening the article housing, or through a window in the article housing.
  • the capsule can also be placed inside the housing so that the transparent wall 29 is visible only through the viewfinder of the device,
EP95810338A 1994-12-20 1995-05-23 Trockenmittelzelle und damit ausgerüsteter Artikel Withdrawn EP0718211A1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95810338A EP0718211A1 (de) 1994-12-20 1995-05-23 Trockenmittelzelle und damit ausgerüsteter Artikel
TW84107017A TW277114B (en) 1995-05-23 1995-07-07 Desiccation capsule and article provided with the capsule
US08/567,906 US5610878A (en) 1994-12-20 1995-12-06 Desiccation capsule and article provided with said capsule
JP7348265A JP2733907B2 (ja) 1994-12-20 1995-12-19 乾燥カプセル及び該カプセルを備えた製品
KR1019950052192A KR960024756A (ko) 1994-12-20 1995-12-19 건조용 캡슐 및 건조용 캡슐이 구비된 물품

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94810739 1994-12-20
EP94810739 1994-12-20
EP95810338A EP0718211A1 (de) 1994-12-20 1995-05-23 Trockenmittelzelle und damit ausgerüsteter Artikel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0718211A1 true EP0718211A1 (de) 1996-06-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95810338A Withdrawn EP0718211A1 (de) 1994-12-20 1995-05-23 Trockenmittelzelle und damit ausgerüsteter Artikel

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5610878A (de)
EP (1) EP0718211A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2733907B2 (de)
KR (1) KR960024756A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3432084A1 (de) * 2017-07-20 2019-01-23 Omega SA Sicherheitsventil für armbanduhr

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DE19923415C2 (de) * 1999-05-21 2002-07-11 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren zum Entwässern von Hydraulikflüssigkeiten sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US7520665B1 (en) * 2000-11-01 2009-04-21 Trintec Industries Inc. Marine instruments
US20040257441A1 (en) * 2001-08-29 2004-12-23 Geovantage, Inc. Digital imaging system for airborne applications
JP3929859B2 (ja) * 2002-09-06 2007-06-13 セイコーインスツル株式会社 携帯時計
JP5102167B2 (ja) * 2008-09-26 2012-12-19 日本特殊陶業株式会社 センサ
US8913771B2 (en) 2009-03-04 2014-12-16 Apple Inc. Portable electronic device having a water exposure indicator label
CN102481513B (zh) 2009-06-25 2015-11-25 Vtu控股有限责任公司 用于气体吸着的离子液体和装置的使用方法
CN102419506A (zh) * 2010-09-27 2012-04-18 李中和 照相机除湿盖
EP2482128A1 (de) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 Chung-Ho Jim Lee Entfeuchtungskappen für Kameras
KR200479280Y1 (ko) * 2014-06-10 2016-01-11 주식회사 크린하우스 교체시기가 표시되는 습기제거용기
US9506887B2 (en) 2014-12-08 2016-11-29 Symbol Technologies, Llc Field replaceable desiccant cartridge and device, method and system therefor

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE551860A (de) *
CH215706A (fr) 1940-04-19 1941-07-15 Rolex Montres Montre.
US2463315A (en) 1947-09-19 1949-03-01 Henri E Rosen Watertight watch
FR1090874A (fr) * 1952-11-24 1955-04-05 Perfectionnements aux bouchons exsiccateurs
CH314386A (fr) 1954-12-10 1956-06-15 Piquerez Sa Ervin Dispositif de contrôle de l'étanchéité d'une boîte de montre étanche
CH384690A (de) 1960-03-11 1964-11-30 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Überspannungs-Schutzvorrichtung in Form einer Gasentladungsröhre und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Vorrichtung
US3567085A (en) * 1968-12-02 1971-03-02 James G Flores Neck-supported pill container
US3939646A (en) 1973-05-21 1976-02-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha Water tight watch case using an inorganic glass crystal
JPS5861561A (ja) 1981-10-08 1983-04-12 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解質電池
EP0290920A2 (de) * 1987-05-13 1988-11-17 Roche Diagnostics GmbH Behälter für Teststreifen

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR551860A (de) * 1923-04-16
US3750387A (en) * 1971-12-10 1973-08-07 E Piquere Leakage indicator for evacuated and pressurized watchcases

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE551860A (de) *
CH215706A (fr) 1940-04-19 1941-07-15 Rolex Montres Montre.
US2463315A (en) 1947-09-19 1949-03-01 Henri E Rosen Watertight watch
FR1090874A (fr) * 1952-11-24 1955-04-05 Perfectionnements aux bouchons exsiccateurs
CH314386A (fr) 1954-12-10 1956-06-15 Piquerez Sa Ervin Dispositif de contrôle de l'étanchéité d'une boîte de montre étanche
CH384690A (de) 1960-03-11 1964-11-30 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Überspannungs-Schutzvorrichtung in Form einer Gasentladungsröhre und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Vorrichtung
US3567085A (en) * 1968-12-02 1971-03-02 James G Flores Neck-supported pill container
US3939646A (en) 1973-05-21 1976-02-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha Water tight watch case using an inorganic glass crystal
JPS5861561A (ja) 1981-10-08 1983-04-12 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解質電池
EP0290920A2 (de) * 1987-05-13 1988-11-17 Roche Diagnostics GmbH Behälter für Teststreifen

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3432084A1 (de) * 2017-07-20 2019-01-23 Omega SA Sicherheitsventil für armbanduhr
US10775746B2 (en) 2017-07-20 2020-09-15 Omega Sa Safety valve for watches

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2733907B2 (ja) 1998-03-30
JPH08295370A (ja) 1996-11-12
US5610878A (en) 1997-03-11
KR960024756A (ko) 1996-07-20

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