EP0717147B1 - Composite stone resp. composite plate with adhesive reservoir - Google Patents

Abstract

The natural effect paving is produced by bonding a shaped material stone slab (3) onto a concrete base slab (2). The concrete has a recessed top surface profile with a surrounding raised lip (4). Recesses (8) in the concrete serve to take excess bonder while the remainder of the excess bonder is squeezed out of the sides of the slab. The bonder recess is around the inside edge of the lip or has a pattern between the two layers. The natural stone layer is fitted using a programmed force and/or vibration. A suitable bonder is a cement-resin mixture which sets hard.

Description

The present invention relates to a composite stone or a composite panel as a covering for walkways u. Like. with a upper plate-shaped natural stone element with low absorbency, especially granite, and one over an adhesive associated lower reinforcing concrete element, the concrete element on its top is a trough-shaped Has recess with a peripheral edge and the plate-shaped Natural stone element on its underside has middle protruding section which into the trough-shaped Engages and essentially fills it, with a peripheral edge section offset upwards rests on the peripheral edge of the concrete element.

Such a composite stone or composite panel is known from DE -A- 42 44 333. The known Composite stone or the known composite panel stands out characterized in that between the proportion of concrete and natural stone real interlocking takes place because of the natural stone content with its middle protruding section into the trough-shaped Deepening of the concrete element engages so that this way a particularly good horizontal thrust protection is achieved. Furthermore, through the trough-shaped depression an automatic centering of the plate-shaped natural stone element when applied to the concrete element reached. Another advantage is that the trough-shaped recess for receiving the applied Adhesive serves, the amount of which is not measured very precisely have to be. When applying the natural stone element the adhesive is laterally from the trough-shaped Depression pressed out and also covered the circumferential Edge of the concrete element, so that even at this point appropriate adhesive bond between concrete and natural stone will be produced.

The edge protruding upwards or the corresponding backsplash of the concrete element or concrete base thus prevented shearing of the natural stone element relative to the concrete element when correspondingly high horizontal forces occur. Since the edge runs around the concrete element, appropriate protection against forces from all directions reached. To achieve such gearing required processing of the natural stone element not very expensive since only the edge area is milled out must become.

In practice it has been shown that in such a trained Composite stone or a corresponding composite panel this can cause problems that the dosage of the connection between the concrete part and the natural stone part manufacturing adhesive is not done exactly or due to inaccuracies in the production of natural stone or concrete portion looks imprecise. This can cause insufficient adhesive to be applied is so that the adhesive bond between the concrete portion and Natural stone content becomes insufficient. However, it can also too much adhesive is applied, which is ultimately a imprecise position of the natural stone part relative to the concrete part, i.e. tilting it can cause.

The invention has for its object a composite stone or to create a composite panel of the specified type, which is a particularly precise connection between concrete and natural stone in particular good adhesive strength.

This object is achieved with a composite stone or a composite panel of the type mentioned solved in that the trough-shaped recess of the concrete element a depression filled with adhesive having.

The depression provided according to the invention has the task absorb excess adhesive. That way more adhesive is applied than is normally the case is required. The danger of inadequate This prevents the application of adhesive. Thereby, that the excess adhesive in the recess penetrates and fills it, is also prevented that there is extensive or selective accumulation of adhesive form, which ultimately leads to an inclined position of the natural stone element lead with respect to the concrete element.

That in the trough-shaped recess of the concrete element Adhesive applied can therefore be caused by the of the natural stone element applied pressure and the corresponding vibrations evenly in the trough-shaped Distribute the well, leaving the excess Adhesive gets into the recess. According to the invention thus creating a displacement space for the adhesive, which also enables higher tolerances when Natural stone element or concrete element to work because the corresponding recess in this regard as a compensation room works for the adhesive.

If the recess in the bottom wall edge area of the trough-shaped recess is arranged, the Notch effect reduced when forming an edge between the bottom wall and the side wall of the trough-shaped Deepening is present. In the solution according to the invention goes the side wall of the trough-shaped depression preferably continuously into the recess so that there is no abrupt change of direction, one has the corresponding notch effect. The This reduces the risk of breakage.

In the solution according to the invention, when applying the natural stone element a compression of the applied Adhesive targeted in the middle area of the element take place, causing the adhesive to spread outside and finally in those formed by the recess Displacement takes place. From there it can Adhesive get into the edge area of the concrete element.

In the manufacture of the composite stone according to the invention or the composite panel according to the invention can be the adhesive only in the trough-shaped recess of the concrete element be applied and not on the edge area of the concrete element. This is due to the application of pressure and vibrations in the manufacture of the adhesive also in the area the side wall of the trough-shaped depression and in displaced the area of the edge area of the concrete element. An alternative provides that both in the tub-shaped Deepening as well as on the edge area of the concrete element an adhesive is applied. It can be the same adhesive or different adhesives act. Another edge is preferably used Adhesive as applied in the trough-shaped depression, this other adhesive being an aggregate with less Has grain diameter. For this comes preferably a mortar paste to use where the aggregate is a flour (quartz flour).

It is therefore preferable to see on the edge area of the concrete element an adhesive layer, the thickness of which is less is as the adhesive layer in the trough-shaped recess. For example, the adhesive layer has in the area the trough-shaped depression has a thickness of 3-4 mm, while it is only 1 - 2 mm thick in the edge area.

A mortar-based one is preferably used as the adhesive used, which is also pure cement mortar can act. However, adhesive mortar is preferred on the basis of cement-synthetic resin in particular so-called ECC mortars, such as those used for example are described in DE -A- 42 11 799. To prevent, that aggregate grains are on the raised edge area the largest grain of the mortar is preferably below 1 mm held so that the above described desired effect can be achieved. This limitation is however not absolutely necessary if for the marginal area a separate adhesive with a smaller aggregate grain diameter is used, for example the mortar paste mentioned above, which is also can be a pure cement mortar. Preferably however, they also find cement-based adhesives for this purpose (ECC mortar) Use, as an aggregate (Filler) a substance is used, the grain size in Flour area is located, for example quartz flour.

In the composite stone designed according to the invention or Composite panel, the natural stone element on both freshly poured concrete element as well as on an already solidified one Concrete element can be applied.

In the manufacturing process, the concrete element is poured that it is the trough-shaped depression with the depression having. Depending on the desired production method, this will be Concrete element over a different period frozen. The natural stone element is milled out of its edge area on the underside. If the natural stone element is to be applied, the adhesive in the trough-shaped recess of the concrete element brought in. For example, it can a suitable ECC adhesive mortar that is in the form of four cakes entered into the trough-shaped depression becomes. On the raised edge area of the concrete element a corresponding mortar paste in the form of a bead upset. The natural stone slab is then on the concrete element put on and with vibration (shaking) pressed against this. It is shaken and pressed as long as until no more mortar paste from the side gap exit.

This process takes place when working with fresh concrete within an appropriate form. With already solidified Such a shape is not absolutely necessary for concrete, however, a corresponding locking of the concrete element.

The trough-shaped depression on the concrete element together with the indentation by pressing in a suitable one Stamp made in the fresh concrete.

As for the formation of the displacement space or reservoir for the recess serving for the adhesive, so is these are preferably designed so that there are no sharp ones Transitions to the side wall and bottom wall of the tub-shaped Result in deepening. For example, the depression be of approximately U-shaped cross section. At a particularly preferred embodiment has Recess upward diverging sidewalls, being preferably with a continuous curvature in the bottom wall the trough-shaped depression merges and an extension the side wall of the trough-shaped depression forms the in this embodiment is inclined upwards outwards. This results in particularly low notch effects.

In a further development of the invention, the peripheral edge of the concrete element a circumferential one filled with adhesive Depression on. This depression is about another reception or displacement room for the Adhesive, namely on the circumferential edge of the concrete element. This depression serves to accommodate the on the circumferential Edge of existing adhesive that is, as mentioned above, preferably a pasty one Adhesive, preferably a pasty adhesive mortar, acts. This depression has a corresponding function like the depression in the trough-shaped depression. It also has a corresponding sealing function, to allow moisture to enter laterally between the Prevent concrete element and natural stone element.

The circumferential depression of the edge is preferably corresponding trained as the circumferential recess of the trough-shaped depression, i.e. preferably U-shaped with diverging side walls, preferably also here smooth transitions are provided with the top of the rim and there are no sharp edges. The Depression is suitably arranged in the middle of the edge and runs around the entire edge. With a width of Edge of 10 mm, its width is 5 mm, for example.

It corresponds approximately to a semicircle in cross section and has curved transitions to the edge surface.

To the interlocking effect between the natural stone and The proportion of natural stone can improve the proportion of concrete on its underside in a known manner with depressions (Grooves) into which the adhesive penetrates and that fills the adhesive. Such depressions are known from DE -A- 42 11 799.

Generally speaking, the invention relates to the arrangement of a indentation in the area of the trough-shaped depression of the concrete element, this Recess preferably as in the bottom wall edge area of the trough-shaped depression circumferential groove parallel to the Boundary edges of the composite stone or the composite panel is trained. This particularly preferred embodiment however, does not rule out that the depression is different can be trained. It is essential that they have one Displacement or a reservoir for the adhesive forms to target more adhesives in this way to be able to apply, as stated above.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the depression in the Bottom wall central region of the trough-shaped depression is arranged. This embodiment has the advantage that the depression particularly far from the edge of the composite stone or the composite plate is arranged so that here Penetration of moisture especially in the recess is difficult. It is also important here that that in the trough-shaped depression introduced adhesive has the best possible access to the recess so that the desired effect comes into play. So she owns Indentation in the middle of the base wall, preferably the shape a cross, which has the advantage that, for example adhesive in four piles over the recess contacted the largest possible circumferential area, so that in the case of pressure and vibrations, excess adhesive without can get further into the recess. The legs of the Crosses are preferably parallel to the Boundary edges of the composite stone or the composite panel educated.

However, it is not excluded that the depression too for example circular, rectangular or otherwise can be trained. It is understood that the above reproduced shapes refer to the top view.

This type of depression can also be the same as above have described cross-sectional shapes.

Figur 1

einen Querschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Verbundsteines;

Figur 2

einen vergrößertern Ausschnitt des in Figur 1 gezeigten Verbundsteines;

Figur 3

eine zweite Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Verbundsteines in vergrößerter Ausschnittsdarstellung;

Figur 4

eine dritte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Verbundsteines im Querschnitt, wobei nur das Betonelement dargestellt ist; und

Figur 5

eine Draufsicht auf das Betonelement der in Figur 4 dargestellten Ausführungsform.

The invention is described below using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. Show it:

Figure 1

a cross section through a first embodiment of a composite block designed according to the invention;

Figure 2

an enlarged section of the composite stone shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3

a second embodiment of a composite stone designed according to the invention in an enlarged detail;

Figure 4

a third embodiment of a composite stone designed according to the invention in cross section, only the concrete element is shown; and

Figure 5

a plan view of the concrete element of the embodiment shown in Figure 4.

The composite stone 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is made from a lower concrete element 2 and an upper natural stone element 3, between which there are two elements interconnecting adhesive layer is located. The Adhesive layer consists of a middle layer of adhesive mortar 9 based on cement resin (ECC mortar) and a side adhesive mortar paste layer 10 on the Base cement resin (ECC mortar) together. The latter Layer 10 differs from the former Layer 9 by having a finer aggregate, namely quartz flour.

The concrete element 2 has a trough-shaped on its top Well 5, from one to the four sides of the element's current edge 4 is limited. The side surface 6 of the trough-shaped depression is upwards and inclined outside, while the bottom surface 7 of the trough-shaped depression is flat and itself extends parallel to the underside of the concrete element. in the Bottom wall edge region of the trough-shaped depression 5 is located a circumferential recess filled with adhesive 8, which is approximately U-shaped and the inner Side face up and in the middle of the concrete element is inclined and rounded in the bottom wall 7 of the trough-shaped depression merges. The outer boundary surface the recess 8 forms an extension the oblique side surface 6 of the trough-shaped depression. As mentioned at the beginning, the circumferential recess 8 a displacement or receiving space for the adhesive.

The natural stone element 3, which consists for example of granite, is adapted to the concrete element in its dimensions. It has an essentially on its underside trough-shaped recess of the concrete element adapted middle protruding section that slants downward and has internal side surfaces. Outside of this There is a circumferential recess on the side surfaces in the form of a step on the edge 4 of the concrete element comes to rest.

Figure 2 shows the formation of the recess 8 in an enlarged view Scale. It can be seen that the recess with the ECC adhesive mortar 9 is filled, this adhesive mortar also the Gap between the side surface 6 of the trough-shaped depression and the corresponding side surface of the natural stone element fills out. The gap between the top of the Edge 4 of the concrete element and the corresponding surface the natural stone element is filled in by the ECC paste 10.

Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of an inventive trained composite stone, being subsequent only the features that differ from the embodiment will be described of Figures 1 and 2 differ. Here is in addition to the recess 8 on the top of the edge 4 a circumferential recess 11 is provided in the concrete element, which corresponds essentially to the recess 8 and forms a receiving space for the mortar paste 10 and at the same time as a seal against lateral penetration from moisture. The recess 11 is in the middle Provided edge area, also has approximately U-shape and goes continuously with its boundary walls (curved) into the top of the edge. The notch effects are minimized.

In the illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 The embodiment of a composite stone is only the lower one Concrete element 2 shown. To denote the same Parts have the same reference numerals. The Concrete element 2 also has one on its top trough-shaped recess 5, the bottom wall 7 and itself extending obliquely upwards and radially outwards Has side walls 6. The trough-shaped depression 5 is surrounded by an edge 4 which, as in the embodiment 3, a circumferential on its top Has recess 11, which is filled with a mortar paste becomes.

The provided in the trough-shaped recess 5 Well 8 is in shape in this embodiment formed of a cross, the legs of which are parallel to extend the boundary edges of the composite stone. Of the The center of the cross lies exactly in the center trough-shaped depression. The cruciform recess 8, which is also U-shaped in cross-section, divides the composite stone into four when viewed from above Areas to which an adhesive pile 13 is attached is applied by pressing and vibrating Application of the natural stone element is distributed, wherein Excess adhesive in the cruciform recess 8 arrives so that the same effect arises as above in connection with the other embodiments described. The legs of the cross extend from the middle to about half between the center and the edge the trough-shaped depression.

Claims (15)

1. A composite stone (1) or a composite plate as covering for footways etc. comprising an upper plate-like member (3) of natural stone with small absorbency, especially granite, and a lower strengthening concrete member (2) connected with the upper member by means of a bonding agent (9, 10), wherein the concrete member (2) has a trough-like impression (5) with an edge (4) running round on its upper side and the plate-like member (3) of natural stone has a central projecting portion on its lower side, said portion engaging into the trough-like impression (5) and substantially filling the same, wherein an upwardly offset running round edge portion lies on the running round edge (4) of the concrete member (2), characterized in that the trough-like impression (5) of the concrete member (2) includes a recess (8) filled with bonding agent.
2. The composite stone or composite plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess (8) is formed as a groove.
3. The composite stone or composite plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recess (8) is located in the edge portion of the bottom wall of the trough-like impression (5).
4. The composite stone or composite plate according to claim 3, characterized in that the recess (8) extends as running round groove parallel with respect to the limiting edges of the composite stone (1) or the composite plate.
5. The composite stone or composite plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recess (8) is located in the central range of the bottom wall of the trough-like impression (5).
6. The composite stone or composite plate according to claim 5, characterized in that the recess (8) is formed in the shape of a cross.
7. The composite stone or composite plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (8) is approximately U-shaped in its cross-section.
8. The composite stone or composite plate according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the recess (8) has upwardly diverging side walls.
9. The composite stone or composite plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (8) merges with a continuous curvature into the bottom wall (7) of the trough-like impression (5).
10. The composite stone or composite plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side wall (6) of the trough-like impression (5) is inclined upwardly and outwardly.
11. The composite stone or composite plate according to one of the claims 1 to 4 and 7 to 10, characterized in that the outer side wall of the recess (8) forms an extension of the side wall (6) of the trough-like impression (5).
12. The composite stone or composite plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the running round edge (4) of the concrete member (2) has a recess (11) running round and filled with bonding agent.
13. The composite stone or composite plate according to claim 12, characterized in that the running round recess (11) of the edge (4) is correspondingly formed as the running round recess (8) of the trough-like impression (5).
14. The composite stone or composite plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bonding agent is a bonding mortar (9), especially on a cement-synthetic resin-basis.
15. The composite stone or composite plate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bonding agent on the running round edge (4) of the concrete member (2) is a mortar paste (10).

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