EP0715933A1 - Cutting rule - Google Patents

Cutting rule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0715933A1
EP0715933A1 EP95117933A EP95117933A EP0715933A1 EP 0715933 A1 EP0715933 A1 EP 0715933A1 EP 95117933 A EP95117933 A EP 95117933A EP 95117933 A EP95117933 A EP 95117933A EP 0715933 A1 EP0715933 A1 EP 0715933A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
punching
cutting edge
cutting
rounded
knife
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95117933A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0715933B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Prof. Dr. Grebe
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Karl Marbach GmbH and Co KG
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Karl Marbach GmbH and Co KG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0053—Cutting members therefor having a special cutting edge section or blade section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0086—Cutting members therefor having a radiussed blunt cutting edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/384—Cutting-out; Stamping-out using rotating drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/40—Cutting-out; Stamping-out using a press, e.g. of the ram type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • B26F2001/4472—Cutting edge section features
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9411—Cutting couple type
    • Y10T83/9423—Punching tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9411—Cutting couple type
    • Y10T83/9423—Punching tool
    • Y10T83/9428—Shear-type male tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9454—Reciprocable type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a punching knife for punching out parts of any shape from paper, cardboard, cardboard, plastic films, leather, rubber and the like.
  • Such punch knives e.g. are known from DE-PS 33 17 777 C1 are preferably used in strip steel punching tools for punching out parts of any shape from flat materials, in particular folding box blanks. They are also increasingly used in rotary punching tools for the same purposes.
  • the punching knives have to meet three requirements: 1. that the material must be reliable and completely separated over the entire punching area, so that no production disruptions occur in the subsequent work stages, 2. that the cut is perfectly dust and fiber free with smooth cut edges and 3. that the cutting edge wear should be as low as possible, which is expressed in the number of good punchings. These three requirements can only be met inadequately with the current cutting edges.
  • the cutting edges of the known punching knives are generally produced by grinding, scraping partly by lapping, based on the idea that the cutting edge should be as sharp as possible.
  • Cutting edges are clearly below 0.010 mm, but which have an uneven micro-saw-like contour and which, due to the manufacturing process, adhere to the smallest whiskers. These cutting edges must first level out in interaction with the material to be cut, smooth so that the best possible cutting quality can then be achieved. Depending on the material to be cut, several thousand punching strokes are required.
  • the production lines have height differences of +/- 0.02 mm. In addition, there are further height tolerances from the punching machines, tool manufacture and handling of the punching processes.
  • the procedure is to press the punch until at least 50% of all interfaces have been cut. Then the remaining height differences are compensated for by gluing with suitable tapes of different thicknesses.
  • the cutting edges can be coated to reduce wear and reduce friction.
  • Such coatings have a generally ceramic character with extremely high hardness, but are correspondingly brittle.
  • Our own investigations have shown that these wear-reducing layers are also destroyed by the cutting edge damage until they become ineffective.
  • a cutting knife for cutting a moving cardboard web is known from US Pat. No. 2,349,336, the cutting edge of which has a rounding with a radius of 0.05 to 0.1 mm and a cutting angle of 55 ° to 80 °. This shape of the cutting edge is intended to ensure that the cardboard web under tension is severed before the cutting edge has moved completely through the cardboard web. A punching stroke is not carried out with this cutting knife.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a punch knife whose cutting edge produces an optimal cut quality from the beginning.
  • This object is achieved by a punch knife that a cutting edge that has a radius with a radius of 0.005 to 0.060 mm.
  • the punching knife Due to the rounding of the cutting edge according to the invention, the punching knife produces an optimal cutting quality right from the start.
  • the punching knife can be subjected to high loads during dressing and punching without deforming plastically under the punching pressure when it hits the steel punching plate.
  • the preparation time is short.
  • a wear-reducing cutting edge coating can be provided to increase the service life.
  • the rounded cutting edge is preferably additionally hardened or surface-finished.
  • the cutting edge angle of the rounded cutting edge is 30 to 60 °.
  • the cutting edge meets the punching plate during the punching process. With this line contact, a mutual flattening takes place in the plane of contact, which can be estimated using Hertz's equations and thus the resulting stresses in the cutting edge.
  • the punching knife is subject to a swelling continuous pressure load and has a limit load capacity of approx. 1160 N / mm2 for a typical steel strip, eg Ck 55.
  • Ideal cutting conditions for example with a folding boxboard of 300 g / m2, stress the steel in the cutting edge with a cutting edge radius of 0.010 mm with only approx. 350 N / mm2.
  • This value is higher for commercially available cutting edges, since there is neither a defined radius nor a sufficiently precise, uniform cutting edge width of 0.010 mm.
  • the cutting load on the steel decreases and is, for example with a cutting edge radius of 0.030 mm arithmetically approx. 180 N / mm2.
  • the calculation further shows that a rounding of the cutting edge with 0.010 mm by punching can withstand an overload until the critical tension of 1160 N / mm2 of approx. 100 N / cm punching line length is reached, a cutting radius of 0.030 mm is approx. 330 N / cm.
  • the cutting edge widens to at least 0.015 mm and with an overload of 0.200 mm, the cutting edge becomes 0.050 to 0.060 mm wide and is flattened unevenly over the cutting length, i.e. not rounded. The cut quality is severely affected.
  • a rounded cutting edge according to the invention with a radius of 0.030 mm shows no cutting edge change under the same conditions and produces flawless cutting edges in the material to be cut. Extensive tests show that the cut quality e.g. on cardboard boxes with undamaged cutting tips up to 0.040 mm edge radii perfect and indistinguishable from edge radii 0.010 mm.
  • the punch knife 1 shown in the figure essentially corresponds to a punch knife as shown for example in DE 39 28 916 C1.
  • a number of such punching knives are usually attached together with creasing lines to the underside of a carrier plate of a punching tool of a punching machine.
  • the punching knives are used, for example, for punching out folding boxes from one lying on a counter-punching plate Carton.
  • the carrier plate is pressurized and moved in the direction of the counter-punching plate until the punching knives touch the counter-punching plate and the cardboard is severed. The carrier plate is then moved away from the counter-punching plate.
  • the punch knife 1 is elongated and has a symmetrical cutting edge 2 running in its longitudinal direction at its end facing the counter-punching plate (not shown).
  • the cutting edge 2 has two inclined flanks 5, 6 which run symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane 10 of the punch knife 1, which run at an angle of preferably 30 to 60 ° to one another and merge into the side flanks 7, 8 of the punch knife 1.
  • the inclined flanks 5, 6 merge into a rounding 9 connecting them, which is also symmetrical to the longitudinal center plane 10 of the punch knife 1.
  • the fillet 9 has a radius of 0.005 to 0.04 mm.
  • the rounded cutting edge 2 can additionally be hardened or surface-finished.
  • the rounded punch knives with the increased surface area reduce the fact that the cutting edge does not dig into the punch plate so deeply during punching, so that the impression is not so large. This is gentle on sensitive surfaces to be cut.
  • the reduced impression due to the increased contact area between the cutting edge and the stamping plate reduces the notch stresses in the area of the burial and thus the premature occurrence of fatigue fractures in the stamping plate.
  • the punch knives lose height in connection with wear. A compromise can therefore be made between increased resilience of the cutting edge and wear.
  • a cutting radius of 0.020 mm is considered to be particularly favorable for this.
  • the rounding of the cutting edge can be created mechanically, e.g. by remelting by means of lasers with appropriate heat management on normal and cutting-hardened punching knives, which are produced as steel strip lines or from fully machined punching lines as flat flat tools or as curved ones for rotary tools.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The punch cutter (1) has a blade whose cutting edge (2) has a rounded area with radius (3) of 0.005 to 0.040 mm. The rounded edge is additionally hardened with a refined surface finish. The cutting angle (4) for the cutting edges is 30 to 60 deg. The cutting edge of the punch cutter may have straight edges. these taper toward a tip which can be rounded by laser melting.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Stanzmesser zum Ausstanzen von Teilen beliebiger Form aus Papier, Karton, Pappe, Kunststoffolien, Leder, Gummi und dgl..The invention relates to a punching knife for punching out parts of any shape from paper, cardboard, cardboard, plastic films, leather, rubber and the like.

Solche Stanzmesser, wie sie z.B. aus der DE-PS 33 17 777 C1 bekannt sind, werden bevorzugt in Bandgtahlstanzwerkzeugen zum Ausstanzen von Teilen beliebiger Form aus flächigen Materialien insbesondere Faltschachtelzuschnitten verwendet. Sie finden vermehrt auch Anwendung in Rotationsstanzwerkzeugen für die gleichen Zwecke.Such punch knives, e.g. are known from DE-PS 33 17 777 C1 are preferably used in strip steel punching tools for punching out parts of any shape from flat materials, in particular folding box blanks. They are also increasingly used in rotary punching tools for the same purposes.

Die Stanzmesser haben drei Voraussetzungen zu erfüllen: 1. daß über die gesamte Stanzfläche das Material zuverlässig und völlig getrennt sein muß, damit bei den nachfolgenden Arbeitstufen keine Produktionsstörungen auftreten, 2. daß der Schnitt einwandfrei staub- und faserarm mit glatten Schnittkanten ausfällt und 3. daß der Schneidenverschleiß möglichst gering sein soll, was sich in der Anzahl der guten Stanzungen ausdrückt. Diese drei Forderungen sind mit den derzeitigen Schneiden nur unzulänglich zu erreichen.The punching knives have to meet three requirements: 1. that the material must be reliable and completely separated over the entire punching area, so that no production disruptions occur in the subsequent work stages, 2. that the cut is perfectly dust and fiber free with smooth cut edges and 3. that the cutting edge wear should be as low as possible, which is expressed in the number of good punchings. These three requirements can only be met inadequately with the current cutting edges.

Die Schneiden der bekannten Stanzmesser werden in der Regel durch Schleifen, Schaben z.T. durch Läppen erzeugt, ausgehend von der Vorstellung, daß die Schneidenkante möglichst scharf sein sollte. Man erreicht Schneidenkanten deutlich unter 0,010 mm, die aber eine ungleichmäßige mikrosägeähnliche Kontur besitzen und denen herstellungsbedingt kleinste Schleifbärte anhaften. Diese Schneidenkanten müssen sich erst in Wechselwirkung mit dem Schneidgut egalisieren, glätten, damit danach die bestmögliche Schnittgüte erreicht werden kann. Je nach Schneidgut sind dazu mehrere Tausend Stanzhübe erforderlich.The cutting edges of the known punching knives are generally produced by grinding, scraping partly by lapping, based on the idea that the cutting edge should be as sharp as possible. Cutting edges are clearly below 0.010 mm, but which have an uneven micro-saw-like contour and which, due to the manufacturing process, adhere to the smallest whiskers. These cutting edges must first level out in interaction with the material to be cut, smooth so that the best possible cutting quality can then be achieved. Depending on the material to be cut, several thousand punching strokes are required.

Diese sehr schmalen Schneidenkanten sind äußerst empfindlich gegen mechanische Belastungen, insbesondere gegen Druck. Dem kommt eine besondere Bedeutung zu, weil die übliche Arbeitsweise mit dieser gattungsgemäßen Stanztechnik die von Stahl gegen Stahl ist, d.h. die Messerschneiden arbeiten gegen eine gehärtete Stanzplatte.These very narrow cutting edges are extremely sensitive to mechanical loads, especially pressure. This is of particular importance because the usual way of working with this generic punching technique is that of steel against steel, i.e. the knife edges work against a hardened punching plate.

Die Stanzlinien haben herstellungsbedingt Höhendifferenzen von +/-0.02 mm. Hinzu kommen weitere Höhentoleranzen aus den Stanzmaschinen, der Werkzeugherstellung und bei der Handhabung der Stanzvorgänge.The production lines have height differences of +/- 0.02 mm. In addition, there are further height tolerances from the punching machines, tool manufacture and handling of the punching processes.

In ungünstigen Fällen addieren sich alle Fehler, so daß Höhendifferenzen von bis 0.2 mm nicht auszuschließen sind.In unfavorable cases, all errors add up, so that height differences of up to 0.2 mm cannot be excluded.

Um das gesicherte Durchtrennen des Stanzgutes zu garantieren, müssen die Höhendifferenzen so ausgeglichen werden, daß die sehr empfindlichen Schneiden nicht durch Überbelastung geschädigt werden.In order to guarantee the secure cutting of the material to be cut, the height differences must be compensated so that the very sensitive cutting edges are not damaged by overloading.

In der Praxis wird so verfahren, daß man die Stanze auf Druck fährt, bis mindestens 50% aller Schnittstellen durchgetrennt sind. Danach werden durch Hinterkleben mit geeigneten Bändern unterschiedlicher Stärke die noch verbleibenden Höhendifferenzen ausgeglichen. Je nach Schachtelzuschnitt befinden sich in einer Bandstahlstanzform bis zu 100 Meter Stanzlinien, woraus folgt, daß das Ausgleichen der Höhendifferenzen, in der Fachsprache "Zurichten" genannt, sehr viel Sorgfalt, Erfahrung verlangt und viele Stunden in Anspruch nimmt, während der die Stanzmaschine steht. Diese Zurichtezeiten sind in manchen Fällen länger als die nachfolgende eigentliche Produktionszeit. Diese Maschinentotzeiten verursachen unproduktive Zusatzkosten. Häufig führt das dazu, die Stanze soweit zusammen zu fahren, daß der größte Teil der Stanzlinien trennt um den Preis, daß dabei ein GroBteil der Schneiden beschädigt bis zerstört wird. Unter den Überdruck wird die Schneide undefiniert verformt. Dies hat einen unsauberen Schnitt zurfolge, bei dem sich vermehrt Staub und Stanzhaare bilden, platzende Kartondecken und Kartonrückseiten. Die Standzeit solcher Stanzmesser ist wesentlich reduziert, sodaß die Werkzeuge vorzeitig ersetzt werden müssen, also entsprechende Mehrkosten verursachen.In practice, the procedure is to press the punch until at least 50% of all interfaces have been cut. Then the remaining height differences are compensated for by gluing with suitable tapes of different thicknesses. Depending on the box cut, there are up to 100 meters of punching lines in a strip steel punching mold, from which it follows that the compensation of the height differences, in the technical language Called "dressing", requires a lot of care, experience and takes many hours while the punching machine is standing. In some cases, these preparation times are longer than the subsequent actual production time. These machine dead times cause unproductive additional costs. This often leads to the fact that the punch is brought together so far that most of the punching lines separate at the price that a large part of the cutting edges is damaged or destroyed. The cutting edge is deformed undefined under the excess pressure. This results in an unclean cut, in which dust and punch hair are increasingly formed, bursting cardboard covers and cardboard backs. The service life of such punch knives is significantly reduced, so that the tools have to be replaced prematurely, which means corresponding additional costs.

Es sind vielerlei Anstrengungen gemacht worden, das Zurichten zu vereinfachen bzw. ganz ersetzen zu können. Aus der DE 31 35 980 C1 ist ein gattungsgemäßes Bandstahlstanzwerkzeug bekannt, in dem Stanzlinien mit verformungsfähigen Messerrücken zum selbstätigen Höhenausgleich Verwendung finden.Many efforts have been made to simplify the dressing or to be able to replace it entirely. From DE 31 35 980 C1 a generic steel strip punching tool is known, in which punching lines with deformable knife backs are used for automatic height adjustment.

Diese Lösung scheitert an den technologischen Möglichkeiten bei der Herstellung der Soll-Verformungsstellen an diesen Stanzlinien.This solution fails due to the technological possibilities in the production of the target deformation points on these punching lines.

Die DE 39 28 916 C1 beschreibt ein Verfahren, bei dem die zu hohen Schneidmesser nach hinten gegen eine weiche Metallplatte ausweichen können. Dabei wird die Platte im Druckbereich der Messerrücken kaltverfestigt, so daß sich ein stabilisierter Gleichgewichtszustand einstellt. Dieses Verfahren scheitert an den konstruktiven Gegebenheiten der den Markt beherrschenden Stanzmaschinen.DE 39 28 916 C1 describes a method in which the cutting knives which are too high can move backwards against a soft metal plate. The plate is work hardened in the pressure area of the knife back, so that a stabilized state of equilibrium is established. This process fails due to the structural conditions of the punching machines dominating the market.

Bei einem aus der DE 33 17 777 C1 bekannten Bandstahlstanzwerkzeug sind die Rücken der Messer als gehärtete Schneiden ausgebildet und sitzen auf einer weicheren Metallplatte, in die sie unter der Einwirkung des Stanzdruckes entsprechend der Höhendifferenz ausweichen können. Die Herstellung dieser Linien ist kostspielig und zeigt in der Anwendung, daß die weichen Platten durch das Eingraben der gehärteten Rückenschneiden infolge Ermüdungsbrüche vorzeitig unbrauchbar werden. Sie müssen deshalb relativ schnell ausgewechselt werden, wodurch kostenseitig die technischen Vorteile wieder aufgehoben weren.In a band steel punching tool known from DE 33 17 777 C1, the backs of the knives are designed as hardened cutting edges and sit on a softer metal plate, into which they can dodge under the influence of the punching pressure in accordance with the height difference. The production of these lines is costly and shows in use that the soft plates become prematurely unusable due to the digging in of the hardened back cutting edges due to fatigue fractures. They therefore have to be replaced relatively quickly, which means that the technical advantages are canceled out.

In neuerer Zeit können die Schneiden zur Erhöhung der Standzeiten verschleiß- und reibungsvermindernd beschichtet werden. Solche Beschichtungen haben im allg. keramischen Charakter mit extrem hohen Härten, sind aber entsprechend spröde. Eigene Untersuchungen haben nachgewiesen, daß diese verschleißmindernden Schichten durch die Schneidkantenbeschädigung ebenfalls bis zur Wirkungslosigkeit zerstört werden.In recent times, the cutting edges can be coated to reduce wear and reduce friction. Such coatings have a generally ceramic character with extremely high hardness, but are correspondingly brittle. Our own investigations have shown that these wear-reducing layers are also destroyed by the cutting edge damage until they become ineffective.

Aus der US-PS 2 349 336 ist ein Schneidmesser zum Schneiden einer sich bewegenden Kartonbahn bekannt, dessen Schneidenkante eine Verrundung mit einem Radius von 0,05 bis 0,1 mm und einen Schneidenwinkel von 55° bis 80° aufweist. Durch diese Schneidenform soll erreicht werden, daß die unter einer Zugspannung stehende Kartonbahn durchtrennt wird, bevor sich die Schneidenkante ganz durch die Kartonbahn bewegt hat. Ein Stanzhub wird mit diesem Schneidmesser jedoch nicht durchgeführt.A cutting knife for cutting a moving cardboard web is known from US Pat. No. 2,349,336, the cutting edge of which has a rounding with a radius of 0.05 to 0.1 mm and a cutting angle of 55 ° to 80 °. This shape of the cutting edge is intended to ensure that the cardboard web under tension is severed before the cutting edge has moved completely through the cardboard web. A punching stroke is not carried out with this cutting knife.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Stanzmesser zu schaffen, dessen Schneidenkante von Beginn an eine optimale Schnittqualität erzeugt.The invention has for its object to provide a punch knife whose cutting edge produces an optimal cut quality from the beginning.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Stanzmesser gelöst, daß eine Schneidenkante, die eine Verrundung mit einem Radius von 0,005 bis 0,060 mm aufweist.This object is achieved by a punch knife that a cutting edge that has a radius with a radius of 0.005 to 0.060 mm.

Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Verrundung der Schneidenkanteerzeugt das Stanzmesser von Beginn an eine optimale Schnittqualität. Außerdem kann das Stanzmesser beim Zurichten und Stanzen hoch belastet werden, ohne sich unter dem Stanzdruck beim Auftreffen auf die stählerne Stanzplatte plastisch schadhaft zu verformen. Darüber hinaus ist die Zurichtezeit gering. Schließlich kann eine verschleißmindernde Schneidenbeschichtung zur Erhöhung der Standzeit vorgesehen werden.Due to the rounding of the cutting edge according to the invention, the punching knife produces an optimal cutting quality right from the start. In addition, the punching knife can be subjected to high loads during dressing and punching without deforming plastically under the punching pressure when it hits the steel punching plate. In addition, the preparation time is short. Finally, a wear-reducing cutting edge coating can be provided to increase the service life.

Vorzugweise ist die verrundete Schneidenkante zusätzlich gehärtet oder oberflächenveredelt.The rounded cutting edge is preferably additionally hardened or surface-finished.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beträgt der Schneidenwinkel der verrundeten Schneidenkante 30 bis 60°.In a preferred embodiment, the cutting edge angle of the rounded cutting edge is 30 to 60 °.

Die Schneidenkante trifft bei dem Stanzvorgang auf die Stanzplatte. Bei dieser Linienberührung findet in der Berührungsebene eine gegenseitige Abplattung statt, die man mit den Hertz'schen Gleichungen abschätzen kann und damit die entstehenden Spannungen in der Schneide. Beim Stanzen unterliegt das Stanzmesser einer schwellenden Dauerdruckbelastung und hat für einen typischen Bandstahlstahl z.B. Ck 55 eine Grenzbelastbarkeit von ca. 1160 N/mm². Ideale Schnittbedingungen z.B. bei einem Faltschachtelkarton von 300 g/m² belasten den Stahl in der Schneide mit einem Schneidenradius von 0.010 mm mit nur ca. 350 N/mm². Bei der handelsüblichen Schneidenausbildung liegt dieser Wert höher, da weder ein definierter Radius noch eine hinreichend genaue, gleichmäßige Schneidkantenbreite von 0,010 mm Breite vorliegt. Mit zunehmendem Schneidenradius nimmt die Schneidenbelastung des Stahls ab und beträgt z.B. bei einem Schneidenradius von 0,030 mm rechnerisch ca. 180 N/mm². Die Rechnung zeigt weiter, daß eine Verrundung der Schneidenkantemit 0.010 mm durch das Stanzen eine Überlastung bis zur Erreichung der kritischen Spannung von 1160 N/mm² von ca. 100 N/cm Stanzlinienlänge verträgt, ein Schneidenradius von 0,030 mm eine von ca. 330 N/cm.The cutting edge meets the punching plate during the punching process. With this line contact, a mutual flattening takes place in the plane of contact, which can be estimated using Hertz's equations and thus the resulting stresses in the cutting edge. When punching, the punching knife is subject to a swelling continuous pressure load and has a limit load capacity of approx. 1160 N / mm² for a typical steel strip, eg Ck 55. Ideal cutting conditions, for example with a folding boxboard of 300 g / m², stress the steel in the cutting edge with a cutting edge radius of 0.010 mm with only approx. 350 N / mm². This value is higher for commercially available cutting edges, since there is neither a defined radius nor a sufficiently precise, uniform cutting edge width of 0.010 mm. As the cutting radius increases, the cutting load on the steel decreases and is, for example with a cutting edge radius of 0.030 mm arithmetically approx. 180 N / mm². The calculation further shows that a rounding of the cutting edge with 0.010 mm by punching can withstand an overload until the critical tension of 1160 N / mm² of approx. 100 N / cm punching line length is reached, a cutting radius of 0.030 mm is approx. 330 N / cm.

Überlastet man eine handelsübliche neue Schneide entsprechend einer Höhendifferenz von 0.035 mm, dann verbreitert sich die Schneidenkanteauf mindestens 0,015 mm und bei einer Überlastung um 0,200 mm wird die Schneide 0,050 bis 0,060 mm breit und über die Schneidenlänge ungleichmäßig abgeplattet, d.h. nicht verrundet. Die Schnittqualität wird dadurch stark beeinträchtigt.If one overloads a commercially available new cutting edge corresponding to a height difference of 0.035 mm, the cutting edge widens to at least 0.015 mm and with an overload of 0.200 mm, the cutting edge becomes 0.050 to 0.060 mm wide and is flattened unevenly over the cutting length, i.e. not rounded. The cut quality is severely affected.

Eine erfindungsgemäße abgerundete Schneidenkante mit einem Radius von 0,030 mm zeigt unter den gleichen Bedingungen keine Schneidenveränderung und erzeugt einwandfreie Schnittkanten im Schneidgut. Umfassende Versuche zeigen, daß die Schnittgüte z.B. an Faltschachtelkarton mit unbeschädigten Schneidenspitzen bis 0,040 mm Kantenradien einwandfrei und nicht von Kantenradien 0,010 mm zu unterscheiden ist.A rounded cutting edge according to the invention with a radius of 0.030 mm shows no cutting edge change under the same conditions and produces flawless cutting edges in the material to be cut. Extensive tests show that the cut quality e.g. on cardboard boxes with undamaged cutting tips up to 0.040 mm edge radii perfect and indistinguishable from edge radii 0.010 mm.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Figur, die den Querschnitt des Schneidenbereichs eines Stanzmesser zeigt, näher erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figure, which shows the cross section of the cutting area of a punching knife.

Das in der Figur gezeigte Stanzmesser 1 entspricht im wesentlichem einem Stanzmesser wie es beispielsweise in der DE 39 28 916 C1 gezeigt ist. Eine Anzahl solcher Stanzmesser wird in der Regel zusammen mit Rillinien an der Unterseite einer Trägerplatte eines Stanzwerkzeuges einer Stanzmaschine angebracht. Die Stanzmesser dienen beispielsweise zum Ausstanzen von Falzschachteln aus einem auf einer Gegenstanzplatte liegenden Karton. Während des Stanzvorgangs wird die Trägerplatte mit Druck beaufschlagt und in Richtung der Gegenstanzplatte bewegt bis die Stanzmesser die Gegenstanzplatte berühren und der Karton durchtrennt ist. Anschließend wird die Trägerplatte von der Gegenstanzplatte wegbewegt.The punch knife 1 shown in the figure essentially corresponds to a punch knife as shown for example in DE 39 28 916 C1. A number of such punching knives are usually attached together with creasing lines to the underside of a carrier plate of a punching tool of a punching machine. The punching knives are used, for example, for punching out folding boxes from one lying on a counter-punching plate Carton. During the punching process, the carrier plate is pressurized and moved in the direction of the counter-punching plate until the punching knives touch the counter-punching plate and the cardboard is severed. The carrier plate is then moved away from the counter-punching plate.

Das erfindungsgemäße Stanzmesser 1 ist länglich ausgebildet und weist an seinem der Gegenstanzplatte (nicht gezeigt) zugewandten Ende eine symetrische, in seiner Längsrichtung verlaufende Schneidenkante 2 auf.The punch knife 1 according to the invention is elongated and has a symmetrical cutting edge 2 running in its longitudinal direction at its end facing the counter-punching plate (not shown).

Die Schneidenkante 2 weist zwei symetrisch zur Längsmittelebene 10 des Stanzmessers 1 verlaufende Schrägflanken 5, 6 auf, die in einem Winkel von vorzugsweise 30 bis 60° zueinander verlaufen und in die Seitenflanken 7, 8 des Stanzmessers 1 übergehen. An dem äußeren Ende des Stanzmessers 1 gehen die Schrägflanken 5, 6 in eine sie verbindende Verrundung 9 über, die ebenfalls symetrisch zur Längsmittelebene 10 des Stanzmessers 1 ist. Die Verrundung 9 hat einen Radius von 0,005 bis 0,04 mm.The cutting edge 2 has two inclined flanks 5, 6 which run symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane 10 of the punch knife 1, which run at an angle of preferably 30 to 60 ° to one another and merge into the side flanks 7, 8 of the punch knife 1. At the outer end of the punch knife 1, the inclined flanks 5, 6 merge into a rounding 9 connecting them, which is also symmetrical to the longitudinal center plane 10 of the punch knife 1. The fillet 9 has a radius of 0.005 to 0.04 mm.

Die verrundete Schneidenkante 2 kann zusätzlich gehärtet oder oberflächenveredelt sein.The rounded cutting edge 2 can additionally be hardened or surface-finished.

Die verrundeten Stanzmesser mit der vergrößerten Flächenauflage reduzieren dadurch, daß sich die Schneide beim Stanzen nicht so tief in das Stanzblech eingräbt den Abdruck, so daß der Aufwurf am Abdruck nicht so groß wird. Dies ist bei empfindlicher Stanzgutoberfläche schonend. Der verringerte Abdruck durch die vergrößerte Kontaktfläche zwischen Schneide und Stanzblech verringert die Kerbspannungen im Bereich der Eingrabung und damit die vorzeitige Entstehung von Ermüdungsbrüchen im Stanzblech.The rounded punch knives with the increased surface area reduce the fact that the cutting edge does not dig into the punch plate so deeply during punching, so that the impression is not so large. This is gentle on sensitive surfaces to be cut. The reduced impression due to the increased contact area between the cutting edge and the stamping plate reduces the notch stresses in the area of the burial and thus the premature occurrence of fatigue fractures in the stamping plate.

Die Stanzmesser verlieren in Verbindung mit dem Verschleiß an Höhe. Es kann daher ein Kompromiß zwischen erhöhter Belastbarkeit der Schneide und dem Verschleiß eingegangen werden. Ein Schneidenradius von 0,020 mm wird hierzu als besonders günstig angesehen.The punch knives lose height in connection with wear. A compromise can therefore be made between increased resilience of the cutting edge and wear. A cutting radius of 0.020 mm is considered to be particularly favorable for this.

Die Verrundung der Schneide kann mechanisch erzeugt werden, durch Umschmelzen z.B. mittels Laser unter entsprechender Wärmeführung an Normal- und schneidengehärteten Stanzmessern, die als Bandstahllinien oder aus dem vollen gearbeitete Stanzlinien als ebene Flachwerkzeuge oder als gebogene für Rotationswerkzeuge anfallen.The rounding of the cutting edge can be created mechanically, e.g. by remelting by means of lasers with appropriate heat management on normal and cutting-hardened punching knives, which are produced as steel strip lines or from fully machined punching lines as flat flat tools or as curved ones for rotary tools.

Claims (4)

Stanzmesser zum Ausstanzen von Teilen beliebiger Form aus Papier, Karton, Pappe, Kunststoffolien, Leder, Gummi und dgl., gekennzeichnet, durch eine Schneidenkante (2), die eine Verrundung (9) mit einem Radius (3) von 0,005 bis 0,060 mm aufweist.Punching knife for punching out parts of any shape from paper, cardboard, cardboard, plastic films, leather, rubber and the like, characterized by a cutting edge (2) which has a rounding (9) with a radius (3) of 0.005 to 0.060 mm . Stanzmesser nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verrundete Schneidenkante (2) zusätzlich gehärtet ist.Punching knife according to claim 1, characterized in that the rounded cutting edge (2) is additionally hardened. Stanzmesser nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verrundete Schneidenkante (2) oberflächenveredelt ist.Punching knife according to claim 1, characterized in that the rounded cutting edge (2) is surface-finished. Stanzmesser nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schneidenwinkel (4) der verrundeten Schneidenkante (2) 30 bis 60° beträgt.Punching knife according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting angle (4) of the rounded cutting edge (2) is 30 to 60 °.
EP95117933A 1994-12-07 1995-11-14 Cutting rule Expired - Lifetime EP0715933B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4443613A DE4443613C1 (en) 1994-12-07 1994-12-07 Punch cutter for punching paper, cardboard, plastics foil, leather, rubber etc.
DE4443613 1994-12-07

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EP0715933A1 true EP0715933A1 (en) 1996-06-12
EP0715933B1 EP0715933B1 (en) 1999-06-16

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EP (1) EP0715933B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08216098A (en)
CN (1) CN1129631A (en)
AT (1) ATE181274T1 (en)
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DE (2) DE4443613C1 (en)

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Also Published As

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CZ322095A3 (en) 1996-06-12
ATE181274T1 (en) 1999-07-15
EP0715933B1 (en) 1999-06-16
DE4443613C1 (en) 1996-04-25
DE59506228D1 (en) 1999-07-22
CN1129631A (en) 1996-08-28
JPH08216098A (en) 1996-08-27
US5967015A (en) 1999-10-19

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