EP0711822A2 - Lubricating oil composition - Google Patents

Lubricating oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0711822A2
EP0711822A2 EP95202994A EP95202994A EP0711822A2 EP 0711822 A2 EP0711822 A2 EP 0711822A2 EP 95202994 A EP95202994 A EP 95202994A EP 95202994 A EP95202994 A EP 95202994A EP 0711822 A2 EP0711822 A2 EP 0711822A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
alkyl
alkenyl
lubricating oil
oil composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95202994A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0711822B1 (en
EP0711822A3 (en
Inventor
Nobuhiro Aoki
Yoshiharu Baba
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0711822A2 publication Critical patent/EP0711822A2/en
Publication of EP0711822A3 publication Critical patent/EP0711822A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0711822B1 publication Critical patent/EP0711822B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
    • C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
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    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
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    • C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
    • C10M135/06—Esters, e.g. fats
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    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
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    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
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    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C10M145/36—Polyoxyalkylenes etherified
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    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
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    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2225/02—Macromolecular compounds from phosphorus-containg monomers, obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, particularly for use in lubricating the slideway of a machine tool or injection moulding machine.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is more particularly for use in a machine tool for precise machining at a low feed speed.
  • Positioning of a machine tool table should be controlled accurately for precise machining.
  • various kinds of friction reducing agents are incorporated in lubricating oil compositions for use in slideways.
  • 0.1 to 10% by weight of fat esters, fat sulphides, fatty acids and/or phosphoric esters are incorporated in a base lubricating oil.
  • the present invention is aimed at providing a lubricating oil composition of a low cost which is particularly suitable for use in a machine tool for precise machining and improves the accuracy of positioning of sliding systems in such a tool, and which is substantially non-corrosive.
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising
  • the base oil (a) used in the present invention preferably has a kinematic viscosity of ISO VG 10 to 220 (at 40°C).
  • the mineral lubricating oil usable as the base oil (a) includes paraffinic and naphthenic mineral oils which are purified through solvent extraction and/or hydrogenation.
  • the vegetable lubricating oil includes rape seed oil, rice bran oil, soybean oil and others manufactured from vegetables.
  • the synthetic lubricating oil includes olefin oligomers, polybutenes, fatty acid esters such as esters of adipic, azelaic, phthalic, oleic or stearic acid, and polyol esters such as trimethyl propanol oleate, pentaerythritol oleate, neopentyl glycol oleate and trimethyl propanol isostearate.
  • base oils can be used individually or in combination.
  • R1 is a C4 ⁇ 20 alkyl group, a C16 ⁇ 20 alkenyl group, a C4 ⁇ 20 alkyl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added, or a (C1 ⁇ 10 alkyl)phenyl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added;
  • R2 is a C4 ⁇ 16 alkyl group or a phenyl group;
  • R3 is a methyl group;
  • R4 is a C8 ⁇ 14 alkyl group or a C16 ⁇ 20 alkenyl group;
  • R5 is a C8 ⁇ 20 alkyl group, a C10 ⁇ 20 alkenyl group or a sulphurised C16 ⁇ 18 alkenyl group;
  • R6 is a C10 ⁇ 18 alkyl group or a C16 ⁇ 20 alkenyl group;
  • R7 is a C10 ⁇ 18 alkyl group; and
  • R8 is a linear C8 ⁇ 20 alkyl group or C16 ⁇ 20
  • the one or more friction reducing agents are selected from: mono- or di-alkyl acid esters such as butyl acid phosphate, hexyl acid phosphate, octyl acid phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, isodecyl acid phosphate, lauryl acid phosphate, stearyl acid phosphate, oleyl acid phosphate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether acid phosphate, and polyoxyethylene isooctylphenyl ether acid phosphate; alkyl ammonium salts of such phosphoric acid esters obtained by neutralisation of these esters with butyl amine, dibutyl amine, octyl amine, trioctyl amine, 2-ethylhexyl amine, di-2-ethylhexyl amine, t-alkylamine represented by the formula R a R b R c CNH2 wherein R a , R b R
  • friction reducing agents can be used individually or in combination.
  • the one or more linear alkyl amines (c) are selected from: octyl amine, dioctyl amine, trioctyl amine, laurylamine, myristyl amine, palmityl amine, stearyl amine, oleyl amine, dioleyl amine, distearyl amine, dimethyl stearyl amine, dimethyl oleyl amine, and dimethyl coconut amine.
  • the one or more friction reducing agents (b) can be used in an amount of 0.05 to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, based on the amount of base oil (a).
  • a lubricating oil composition containing less than 0.05% by weight of the friction reducing agent(s) (b) does not provide sufficient friction reducing effect, while a lubricating oil composition containing more than 10.0% by weight of the component (b) may corrode materials of a machine tool.
  • the amount of the one or more linear alkyl amines (c) is 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the amount of the friction reducing agent (b).
  • the amount of the linear alkyl amine (c) is less than 0.1% by weight, the purpose of the present invention cannot be achieved.
  • the linear alkyl amine (c) is not dissolved well in the base oil (a) when the base oil (a) is a mineral lubricating oil and the acid phosphoric ester, phosphorous ester or fatty acid used as the friction reducing agent (b) has a linear alkyl group.
  • the activity of the friction reducing agent (b) is lowered and lubricity of the lubricating oil composition is adversely affected.
  • a publicly known lubricity improver can be optionally incorporated in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention.
  • the following additives are mentioned as the examples of the lubricity improver: oiliness improvers, extreme pressure additives and/or anti-wear additives; for example, higher alcohols, metal soaps of fatty acids, animal or vegetable fats and oils, fatty acid esters, sulphides of animal or vegetable fats and oils, ester sulphides, trialkyl phosphates, tricresyl phosphates, trialkyl phosphites, organomolybdenum friction reducing agents and zinc alkyl dithiophosphates.
  • antioxidants can be optionally incorporated.
  • rust inhibitors can be optionally incorporated.
  • detergents can be optionally incorporated.
  • viscosity index improvers can be optionally incorporated.
  • pour point depressants can be optionally incorporated.
  • metal deactivators can be optionally incorporated.
  • defoamers can be optionally incorporated.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention wherein specific additives are combined with conventional ones, provides an excellent positioning accuracy which could not be obtained by lubricants containing a known additive individually. Therefore, machining accuracy of a machine tool can be remarkably improved by using the lubricating oil composition of the present invention.
  • the lubricating oil composition can be also preferably used as a lubricating oil for slideways of an injection moulding machine which is required to mould materials precisely.
  • a lubricating oil composition according to the present invention for lubricating the slideway(s) of a machine tool or injection moulding machine.
  • the concentration of additives such as friction reducing agents can be reduced, while it was previously necessary to add conventional friction reducing agent in a high concentration for obtaining a desired lubricating performance. Therefore, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can effectively prevent parts of a machine from corrosion caused by adding friction reducing agent in a high concentration. Further, the lubricating oil composition is inexpensive compared with conventional lubricating oil compositions.
  • a lubricating oil having a kinematic viscosity of ISO VG 68, a viscosity index of 110, a pour point of -15°C, a total acid number of 0.00 mgKOH/g and a sulphur content of 0.5% by weight was used as a base oil (a).
  • amine salt of phosphoric acid ester 1 alkyl ammonium salt of phosphoric acid ester obtained by mixing octyl acid phosphate (from Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K.) and ditridecyl amine (from BASF AG)
  • amine salt of phosphoric acid ester 2 alkyl ammonium salt of phosphoric acid ester obtained by mixing hexyl acid phosphate (from A.& W Co.) and tertiary C12 ⁇ 14 alkyl amine (from Rohm & Ha
  • lauryl amine from Kao Corporation
  • oleyl amine from Hoechst AG
  • tertiary C16 ⁇ 22 alkyl amine from Rohm & Haas Company
  • dilauryl hydrogen phosphite from Sakai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.
  • a positioning test was carried out in accordance with the procedure of least input increment feed test of vertical type machining centre set forth in JIS B6338 Para. 2.8.
  • the machining centre was commanded through numeral control so as to feed 25 times by 1 ⁇ m/time at intervals of 10 seconds to the plus direction on Y axis, and then, to feed to the minus direction in the same manner. Actual displacement length was measured by a laser beam length measuring instrument.
  • the accuracy of the response of the feed of the machine table to a series of the numeral control commands was measured for the sample oil compositions of these examples and comparatives examples.
  • the feeding accuracy was evaluated by comparing backlash of least input increment, which was measured by counting the number of units necessary for shifting to the minus direction upon commanding to feed to the minus direction after commanding to feed to the plus direction.
  • the test was carried out in an air-conditioned room at 24°C plus or minus 0.2°C.
  • the machining centre was broken-in with the sample oil composition tested so as to lubricate the slideway surface sufficiently with the sample oil composition, and then the test was carried out 6 times. Then, the average of the results for each sample oil composition was obtained.
  • Example 1 The results of Examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 1.
  • the results of Comparative Examples 1 to 8, 11 and 12 are shown in Table 2 and those of Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10 are shown in Table 3.
  • Examples 1 to 8 relate to the lubricating oil composition of the present invention.
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 9 and 10 relate to the lubricating oil compositions wherein no friction reducing agents were incorporated and/or wherein linear alkyl amines (c) of the present invention were deleted.
  • Comparative Examples 7 and 8 relate to the lubricating oil compositions wherein only specific linear alkyl amines were added. The results of the lubricating oil composition wherein branched alkyl amine was used instead of linear alkyl amine (c) were shown by Comparative Examples 11 and 12.
  • Example 1 Comparisons of Example 1 with Comparative Example 3, Example 2 with Comparative Example 4, Example 3 with Comparative Example 5, Examples 4, 5 and 6 with Comparative Example 6, Example 7 with Comparative Example 9, and Example 8 with Comparative Example 10 indicate that lubricating oil compositions of the present invention (Examples 1 to 8) provide the machining centre with smaller backlash upon positioning and therefore, provides better positioning accuracy, compared with the lubricant oil compositions without linear alkyl amine (Comparative Examples 3 to 6, 9 and 10).
  • Comparative Examples 1 and 7 and comparison of Comparative Examples 2 and 8 show that lubricant oil compositions containing the linear alkyl amine (c) only do not improve positioning accuracy of the machining centre.
  • Comparative Example 6 Comparison of Comparative Example 6 with Comparative Examples 11 and 12 indicates that the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained by using branched alkyl amines such as 2-ethylhexyl amine and tertiary C16 ⁇ 22 amine instead of the linear alkyl amines (c).
  • branched alkyl amines such as 2-ethylhexyl amine and tertiary C16 ⁇ 22 amine instead of the linear alkyl amines (c).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

Lubricating oil compositions for use in lubricating the slideway of a machine tool or injection moulding machine.
The lubricating oil composition comprises (a) a base oil, (b) one or more friction reducing agents preferably selected from phosphoric acid esters or their alkyl ammonium salts, phosphorous acid esters and fatty acids, and (c) one or more linear alkyl amines.
Preferably, the amount of the friction reducing agent(s) (b) is 0.05 to 10.0% by weight based on the amount of the base oil (a) and the amount of the linear alkyl amine(s) (c) is 0.1 to 20.0% by weight based on the amount of the friction reducing agent(s) (b).

Description

  • The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, particularly for use in lubricating the slideway of a machine tool or injection moulding machine. The lubricating oil composition of the present invention is more particularly for use in a machine tool for precise machining at a low feed speed.
  • Positioning of a machine tool table should be controlled accurately for precise machining.
  • However, in the case of a machine tool having a slideway, the friction in the slideway produces elastic strain in the feed systems, reducing the accuracy of positioning.
  • Generally, various kinds of friction reducing agents are incorporated in lubricating oil compositions for use in slideways. For example, 0.1 to 10% by weight of fat esters, fat sulphides, fatty acids and/or phosphoric esters are incorporated in a base lubricating oil.
  • However, conventional lubricating oil compositions have insufficient lubricity for lubricating slideways of a machine tool for precise machining. Incorporating a highly active friction reducing agent or increasing its amount was necessary for obtaining the desired lubricity. However, employing such friction reducing agent in a high concentration led to the problem of increasing the cost of such lubricating oil compositions. In addition, incorporation of a high concentration of active friction reducing agents such as fatty acids or phosphoric esters in the base oil have sometimes caused corrosion on slideways or oil supplying systems of a machine tool.
  • The present invention is aimed at providing a lubricating oil composition of a low cost which is particularly suitable for use in a machine tool for precise machining and improves the accuracy of positioning of sliding systems in such a tool, and which is substantially non-corrosive.
  • In accordance with the present invention there is provided a lubricating oil composition comprising
    • (a) a base oil comprising one or more lubricating oils selected from mineral, vegetable and synthetic lubricating oils;
    • (b) one or more friction reducing agents selected from phosphoric acid esters of the formula:
      Figure imgb0001
       their alkyl ammonium salts of the formulae:
      Figure imgb0002
       phosphorous acid esters of the formula:
      Figure imgb0003
       and fatty acids of the formulae:
      Figure imgb0004
      Figure imgb0005
       wherein n is 1 or 2; m is 1 to 3; p is 1 to 10; R¹ is a C₄₋₂₂ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, a C₆₋₂₄ alkylaryl group, an alkyl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added, or an alkylaryl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added; R² is a C₄₋₂₆ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, a C₆₋₂₄ alkylaryl group or an aryl group; R³ is a methyl or ethyl group; R⁴ is a C₈₋₂₂ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group or an C₈₋₂₂ alkylaryl group; R⁵ is a C₇₋₂₃ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group or a sulphurised C₇₋₂₃ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; R⁶ is a C₁₀₋₁₈ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; and R⁷ is a C₈₋₁₈ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; and
    • (c) one or more linear alkyl amines selected from the amines represented by the formulae:

              R⁸m-N-H(3-m)     (8)

      Figure imgb0006
       wherein m and R³ are as defined above; and R⁸ is a linear C₈₋₂₂ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, provided that R⁸ has more carbon atoms than R² when R² is a linear alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group.
  • The base oil (a) used in the present invention preferably has a kinematic viscosity of ISO VG 10 to 220 (at 40°C).
  • The mineral lubricating oil usable as the base oil (a) includes paraffinic and naphthenic mineral oils which are purified through solvent extraction and/or hydrogenation.
  • The vegetable lubricating oil includes rape seed oil, rice bran oil, soybean oil and others manufactured from vegetables.
  • The synthetic lubricating oil includes olefin oligomers, polybutenes, fatty acid esters such as esters of adipic, azelaic, phthalic, oleic or stearic acid, and polyol esters such as trimethyl propanol oleate, pentaerythritol oleate, neopentyl glycol oleate and trimethyl propanol isostearate.
  • These base oils can be used individually or in combination.
  • In the composition of the present invention, preferably R¹ is a C₄₋₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁₆₋₂₀ alkenyl group, a C₄₋₂₀ alkyl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added, or a (C₁₋₁₀ alkyl)phenyl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added; R² is a C₄₋₁₆ alkyl group or a phenyl group; R³ is a methyl group; R⁴ is a C₈₋₁₄ alkyl group or a C₁₆₋₂₀ alkenyl group; R⁵ is a C₈₋₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁₀₋₂₀ alkenyl group or a sulphurised C₁₆₋₁₈ alkenyl group; R⁶ is a C₁₀₋₁₈ alkyl group or a C₁₆₋₂₀ alkenyl group; R⁷ is a C₁₀₋₁₈ alkyl group; and R⁸ is a linear C₈₋₂₀ alkyl group or C₁₆₋₂₀ alkenyl group.
  • More preferably, the one or more friction reducing agents are selected from:
       mono- or di-alkyl acid esters such as butyl acid phosphate, hexyl acid phosphate, octyl acid phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate, isodecyl acid phosphate, lauryl acid phosphate, stearyl acid phosphate, oleyl acid phosphate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether acid phosphate, and polyoxyethylene isooctylphenyl ether acid phosphate; alkyl ammonium salts of such phosphoric acid esters obtained by neutralisation of these esters with butyl amine, dibutyl amine, octyl amine, trioctyl amine, 2-ethylhexyl amine, di-2-ethylhexyl amine, t-alkylamine represented by the formula RaRbRcCNH₂ wherein Ra, Rb and Rc are alkyl groups and the total number of the carbon atoms of Ra, Rb and Rc is 3 to 25, isotridecyl amine, diisotridecyl amine, tridecyl amine, ditridecyl amine, dimethyl octyl amine or diphenyl amine;
       phosphorous acid esters such as dioctyl, dilauryl and dioleyl phosphites; and
       fatty acids such as capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, erucic, linoleic and linolenic acids or oleic acid sulfide; N-acylsarcosines such as lauroyl, myristoyl, palmitoyl and oleoyl sarcosines; and alkylether carboxylic acids such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylic acid, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether carboxylic acid and polyoxyethylene beef tallow ether carboxylic acid.
  • These friction reducing agents can be used individually or in combination.
  • More preferably, the one or more linear alkyl amines (c) are selected from:
       octyl amine, dioctyl amine, trioctyl amine, laurylamine, myristyl amine, palmityl amine, stearyl amine, oleyl amine, dioleyl amine, distearyl amine, dimethyl stearyl amine, dimethyl oleyl amine, and dimethyl coconut amine.
  • The one or more friction reducing agents (b) can be used in an amount of 0.05 to 10.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, based on the amount of base oil (a). A lubricating oil composition containing less than 0.05% by weight of the friction reducing agent(s) (b) does not provide sufficient friction reducing effect, while a lubricating oil composition containing more than 10.0% by weight of the component (b) may corrode materials of a machine tool.
  • The amount of the one or more linear alkyl amines (c) is 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the amount of the friction reducing agent (b). When the amount of the linear alkyl amine (c) is less than 0.1% by weight, the purpose of the present invention cannot be achieved. On the other hand, when more than 20% by weight of the linear alkyl amine (c) is incorporated, the linear alkyl amine (c) is not dissolved well in the base oil (a) when the base oil (a) is a mineral lubricating oil and the acid phosphoric ester, phosphorous ester or fatty acid used as the friction reducing agent (b) has a linear alkyl group. In addition, the activity of the friction reducing agent (b) is lowered and lubricity of the lubricating oil composition is adversely affected.
  • A publicly known lubricity improver can be optionally incorporated in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention. The following additives are mentioned as the examples of the lubricity improver:
       oiliness improvers, extreme pressure additives and/or anti-wear additives; for example, higher alcohols, metal soaps of fatty acids, animal or vegetable fats and oils, fatty acid esters, sulphides of animal or vegetable fats and oils, ester sulphides, trialkyl phosphates, tricresyl phosphates, trialkyl phosphites, organomolybdenum friction reducing agents and zinc alkyl dithiophosphates.
  • In addition, antioxidants, rust inhibitors, detergents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, metal deactivators, defoamers, demulsifiers and/or tackifiers, usually used as lubricating oil additives, can be optionally incorporated.
  • The lubricating oil composition of the present invention, wherein specific additives are combined with conventional ones, provides an excellent positioning accuracy which could not be obtained by lubricants containing a known additive individually. Therefore, machining accuracy of a machine tool can be remarkably improved by using the lubricating oil composition of the present invention. The lubricating oil composition can be also preferably used as a lubricating oil for slideways of an injection moulding machine which is required to mould materials precisely.
  • Therefore in accordance with the present invention there is also provided a method of lubricating the slideway(s) of a machine tool or injection moulding machine comprising lubricating said slideway(s) with a lubricating oil composition according to the present invention.
  • In accordance with the present invention there is further provided use of a lubricating oil composition according to the present invention for lubricating the slideway(s) of a machine tool or injection moulding machine.
  • In addition, the concentration of additives such as friction reducing agents can be reduced, while it was previously necessary to add conventional friction reducing agent in a high concentration for obtaining a desired lubricating performance. Therefore, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can effectively prevent parts of a machine from corrosion caused by adding friction reducing agent in a high concentration. Further, the lubricating oil composition is inexpensive compared with conventional lubricating oil compositions.
  • The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the following working examples:
    • Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 Preparation of Sample Oil Compositions
  • A lubricating oil having a kinematic viscosity of ISO VG 68, a viscosity index of 110, a pour point of -15°C, a total acid number of 0.00 mgKOH/g and a sulphur content of 0.5% by weight was used as a base oil (a).
  • The following compounds were used as additives:
       sulfurised lard (from Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Ltd.),
       oleic acid (from Unichema International),
       alkyl ammonium salt of phosphoric acid ester obtained by mixing octyl acid phosphate (from Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K.) and ditridecyl amine (from BASF AG) (hereinafter "amine salt of phosphoric acid ester 1"),
       alkyl ammonium salt of phosphoric acid ester obtained by mixing octyl acid phosphate (from Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K.) and di-2-ethylhexyl amine (from BASF AG) (herein after "amine salt of phosphoric acid ester 2"),
       alkyl ammonium salt of phosphoric acid ester obtained by mixing hexyl acid phosphate (from A.& W Co.) and tertiary C₁₂₋₁₄ alkyl amine (from Rohm & Haas Company) (hereinafter "amine salt of phosphoric acid ester 3"),
    tricresyl phosphate (from Ciba-Geigy Limited), and 2-ethylhexyl amine (from BASF AG),
    dioleyl amine (from Nippon Oil and Fats Co. Ltd.), lauryl amine (from Kao Corporation),
    oleyl amine (from Hoechst AG), and
    tertiary C₁₆₋₂₂ alkyl amine (from Rohm & Haas Company),
    dilauryl hydrogen phosphite (from Sakai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd).
    • Positioning Test Procedure
  • A positioning test was carried out in accordance with the procedure of least input increment feed test of vertical type machining centre set forth in JIS B6338 Para. 2.8.
  • The machining centre was commanded through numeral control so as to feed 25 times by 1 µm/time at intervals of 10 seconds to the plus direction on Y axis, and then, to feed to the minus direction in the same manner. Actual displacement length was measured by a laser beam length measuring instrument. The accuracy of the response of the feed of the machine table to a series of the numeral control commands was measured for the sample oil compositions of these examples and comparatives examples. The feeding accuracy was evaluated by comparing backlash of least input increment, which was measured by counting the number of units necessary for shifting to the minus direction upon commanding to feed to the minus direction after commanding to feed to the plus direction. The test was carried out in an air-conditioned room at 24°C plus or minus 0.2°C. The machining centre was broken-in with the sample oil composition tested so as to lubricate the slideway surface sufficiently with the sample oil composition, and then the test was carried out 6 times. Then, the average of the results for each sample oil composition was obtained.
    • Examples and Comparative Examples
  • The results of Examples 1 to 6 are shown in Table 1. The results of Comparative Examples 1 to 8, 11 and 12 are shown in Table 2 and those of Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 9 and 10 are shown in Table 3.
  • Examples 1 to 8 relate to the lubricating oil composition of the present invention. Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Example 9 and 10 relate to the lubricating oil compositions wherein no friction reducing agents were incorporated and/or wherein linear alkyl amines (c) of the present invention were deleted. Further, Comparative Examples 7 and 8 relate to the lubricating oil compositions wherein only specific linear alkyl amines were added. The results of the lubricating oil composition wherein branched alkyl amine was used instead of linear alkyl amine (c) were shown by Comparative Examples 11 and 12.
  • Comparisons of Example 1 with Comparative Example 3, Example 2 with Comparative Example 4, Example 3 with Comparative Example 5, Examples 4, 5 and 6 with Comparative Example 6, Example 7 with Comparative Example 9, and Example 8 with Comparative Example 10 indicate that lubricating oil compositions of the present invention (Examples 1 to 8) provide the machining centre with smaller backlash upon positioning and therefore, provides better positioning accuracy, compared with the lubricant oil compositions without linear alkyl amine (Comparative Examples 3 to 6, 9 and 10).
  • Comparison of Comparative Examples 1 and 7 and comparison of Comparative Examples 2 and 8 show that lubricant oil compositions containing the linear alkyl amine (c) only do not improve positioning accuracy of the machining centre.
  • Comparison of Comparative Example 6 with Comparative Examples 11 and 12 indicates that the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained by using branched alkyl amines such as 2-ethylhexyl amine and tertiary C₁₆₋₂₂ amine instead of the linear alkyl amines (c). Table 1
    Example
    1 2 3 4 5 6
    Amine Salt of Phosphoric Acid Ester 1 - - - 0.75 0.75 0.75
    2 - 0.60 - - - -
    3 - - 0.65 - - -
    Oleic Acid 0.25 - - - - -
    Sulfurised Lard - - 1.00 - - -
    Dioleyl Amine - - - - - 0.01
    Lauryl Amine - 0.01 - - 0.01 -
    Oleyl Amine 0.01 - 0.01 0.01 - -
    Backlash (number of input feed unit) 3 7 7 3 6 6
    Table 2
    Comparative Example
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12
    Amine Salt of Phosphoric Acid Ester 1 - - - - - 0.75 - - 0.75 0.75
    2 - - - 0.60 - - - - - -
    3 - - - - 0.65 - - - - -
    Oleic Acid - - 0.25 - - - - - - -
    Sulfurised Lard - - - - 1.00 - - - - -
    Tricresyl Phosphate - 0.50 - - - - - 0.50 - -
    2-Ethylhexyl Amine - - - - - - - - - 0.02
    tert-C₁ ₆ ₋₂ ₂ Alkyl Amine - - - - - - - - 0.01 -
    Oleyl Amine - - - - - - 0.01 0.01 - -
    Backlash (number of input feed unit) 12 12 6 11 11 8 12 12 9 8
    Table 3
    Example Comparative Ex.
    7 8 9 10
    Hexyl Acid Phosphate 0.50 - 0.50 0
    Dilauryl Hydrogen Phosphorous Acid - 0.50 - 0.50
    Oleyl Amine 0.01 0.01 - -
    Backlash (number of input feed unit) 6 3 10 7

Claims (7)

  1. A lubricating oil composition comprising
    (a) a base oil comprising one or more lubricating oils selected from mineral, vegetable and synthetic lubricating oils;
    (b) one or more friction reducing agents selected from phosphoric acid esters of the formula:
    Figure imgb0007
     their alkyl ammonium salts of the formulae:
    Figure imgb0008
     phosphorous acid esters of the formula:
    Figure imgb0009
     and fatty acids of the formulae:
    Figure imgb0010
    Figure imgb0011
     wherein
       n is 1 or 2;
       m is 1 to 3;
       p is 1 to 10;
       R¹ is a C₄₋₂₂ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, a C₆₋₂₄ alkylaryl group, an alkyl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added, or an alkylaryl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added;
       R² is a C₄₋₂₆ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, a C₆₋₂₄ alkylaryl group or an aryl group;
       R³ is a methyl or ethyl group;
       R⁴ is a C₈₋₂₂ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group or an C₈₋₂₂ alkylaryl group;
       R⁵ is a C₇₋₂₃ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group or a sulphurised C₇₋₂₃ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group;
       R⁶ is a C₁₀₋₁₈ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; and
       R⁷ is a C₈₋₁₈ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group; and
    (c) one or more linear alkyl amines selected from the amines represented by the formulae:

            R⁸m-N-H(3-m)     (8)

    Figure imgb0012
     wherein
       m and R³ are as defined above; and
       R⁸ is a linear C₈₋₂₂ alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, provided that R⁸ has more carbon atoms than R² when R² is a linear alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group.
  2. A lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 wherein
       R¹ is a C₄₋₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁₆₋₂₀ alkenyl group, a C₄₋₂₀ alkyl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added, or a (C₁₋₁₀ alkyl)phenyl group to which 1 to 10 moles of polyoxyethylene is added;
       R² is a C₄₋₁₆ alkyl group or a phenyl group;
       R³ is a methyl group;
       R⁴ is a C₈₋₁₄ alkyl group or a C₁₆₋₂₀ alkenyl group;
       R⁵ is a C₈₋₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁₀₋₂₀ alkenyl group or a sulphurised C₁₆₋₁₈ alkenyl group;
       R⁶ is a C₁₀₋₁₈ alkyl group or a C₁₆₋₂₀ alkenyl group;
       R⁷ is a C₁₀₋₁₈ alkyl group; and
       R⁸ is a linear C₈₋₂₀ alkyl group or C₁₆₋₂₀ alkenyl group.
  3. A lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 or 2 in which the one or more friction reducing agents (b) is/are present in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight based on the amount of base oil (a) in the composition.
  4. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the one or more linear alkyl amines (c) is/are present in the amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight based on the amount of friction reducing agent(s) (b) in the composition.
  5. A lubricating oil composition according to claim 4 in which the one or more linear alkyl amines (c) is/are present in the amount of 1 to 10% by weight based on the amount of friction reducing agent(s) (b) in the composition.
  6. A method of lubricating the slideway(s) of a machine tool or injection moulding machine comprising lubricating said slideway(s) with a lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. Use of a lubricating oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for lubricating the slideway(s) of a machine tool or injection moulding machine.
EP95202994A 1994-11-09 1995-11-06 Method of lubricating slideways Expired - Lifetime EP0711822B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP275185/94 1994-11-09
JP27518594A JP4142115B2 (en) 1994-11-09 1994-11-09 Lubricating oil composition

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EP0711822A2 true EP0711822A2 (en) 1996-05-15
EP0711822A3 EP0711822A3 (en) 1997-03-26
EP0711822B1 EP0711822B1 (en) 2006-09-13

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JP (1) JP4142115B2 (en)
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WO1998015605A1 (en) * 1996-10-10 1998-04-16 Pennzoil - Quaker State Company Non-aqueous solvent-free lamellar liquid crystalline lubricants
EP1386982A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2004-02-04 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Peak torque lowering composition, part with sliding part using the composition, and press-fitting method using the composition
KR100816117B1 (en) * 1997-11-27 2008-03-21 바이엘 크롭사이언스 게엠베하 Surfactant systems for liquid aqueous preparations
US20110021394A1 (en) * 2008-03-27 2011-01-27 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Lubricant composition
CN104073320A (en) * 2009-11-19 2014-10-01 株式会社捷太格特 Lubricant oil, friction member, and gear-type differential having limited slip function
US20190040336A1 (en) * 2016-02-25 2019-02-07 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd, Lubricating oil composition
US20190352576A1 (en) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-21 Afton Chemical Corporation Slideway Lubricants
US11098263B2 (en) 2016-09-28 2021-08-24 Cosmo Oil Lubricants Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition for sliding guide surface

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WO1998015605A1 (en) * 1996-10-10 1998-04-16 Pennzoil - Quaker State Company Non-aqueous solvent-free lamellar liquid crystalline lubricants
KR100816117B1 (en) * 1997-11-27 2008-03-21 바이엘 크롭사이언스 게엠베하 Surfactant systems for liquid aqueous preparations
EP1386982A1 (en) * 2001-05-09 2004-02-04 Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. Peak torque lowering composition, part with sliding part using the composition, and press-fitting method using the composition
EP1386982A4 (en) * 2001-05-09 2007-12-26 Citizen Holdings Co Ltd Peak torque lowering composition, part with sliding part using the composition, and press-fitting method using the composition
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US20190040336A1 (en) * 2016-02-25 2019-02-07 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd, Lubricating oil composition
US11111457B2 (en) 2016-02-25 2021-09-07 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition
US11098263B2 (en) 2016-09-28 2021-08-24 Cosmo Oil Lubricants Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition for sliding guide surface
US20190352576A1 (en) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-21 Afton Chemical Corporation Slideway Lubricants
US11072757B2 (en) * 2018-05-18 2021-07-27 Afton Chemical Corporation Slideway lubricants

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW294717B (en) 1997-01-01
EP0711822B1 (en) 2006-09-13
DE69535220D1 (en) 2006-10-26
EP0711822A3 (en) 1997-03-26
DE69535220T2 (en) 2007-10-11
JP4142115B2 (en) 2008-08-27
ATE339489T1 (en) 2006-10-15
JPH08134488A (en) 1996-05-28
KR960017826A (en) 1996-06-17

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