EP0701642B1 - Traverse de rail perfectionne - Google Patents

Traverse de rail perfectionne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0701642B1
EP0701642B1 EP94917529A EP94917529A EP0701642B1 EP 0701642 B1 EP0701642 B1 EP 0701642B1 EP 94917529 A EP94917529 A EP 94917529A EP 94917529 A EP94917529 A EP 94917529A EP 0701642 B1 EP0701642 B1 EP 0701642B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tie
plate member
rail
plate
ballast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94917529A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0701642A1 (fr
Inventor
Jude Odihackukwunma Igwemezie
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GB939311396A external-priority patent/GB9311396D0/en
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Publication of EP0701642A1 publication Critical patent/EP0701642A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/16—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from steel
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
    • E01B9/40—Tie-plates for flat-bottom rails
    • E01B9/42—Tie-plates for flat-bottom rails of two or more parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
    • E01B9/38—Indirect fastening of rails by using tie-plates or chairs; Fastening of rails on the tie-plates or in the chairs
    • E01B9/44—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate
    • E01B9/46—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps
    • E01B9/48—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps by resilient steel clips
    • E01B9/486—Fastening the rail on the tie-plate by clamps by resilient steel clips the clip being a shaped plate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a steel tie for incorporation in a rail track.
  • tie plates between the rails and the ties or sleepers of rail track in order to provide a sacrificial wear surface for the rail.
  • known tie plates are not as easy or convenient to install as is desirable. Usually, they require the use of separate fasteners such as bolts or spikes for attaching them to the tie.
  • AU-A-73638/74 discloses a metal rail sleeper or tie having an I-sectional configuration capable of providing rail support and having means for increasing resistance to lateral movement of the sleeper provided at at least one end of the sleeper and extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper.
  • the tie disclosed in AU-A-73638/74 requires a considerable depth of ballast to engage the tie and resist lateral movement.
  • a steel tie for incorporation in a rail track comprising a generally horizontal oblong rectangular plate member for connection transversely of the rail and having a lower surface for bearing on ballast and for restraining vertical rail movement and a web member extending generally vertically on the underside of the plate member and generally parallel to and spaced inwardly from the longer sides of the plate member, characterised in that the web member has a free lower end suitable to be embedded in ballast and serving to restrain longitudinal rail movement.
  • An end or ends of the plate member may be bent downwardly to provide restraint against lateral tie movement, or, in a preferred form, at least one ballast engaging plate member may be connected to the tie on its underside and facing generally transversely of the rail for restraining lateral tie movement.
  • the elements that provide vertical, longitudinal and lateral restraint respectively have in effect been separated into three distinct elements each of which can be designed substantially independently of the others to provide the required motion restraint and other characteristics.
  • the tie is well adapted to distribute stress and mitigate stress concentrations.
  • a further advantage is that the structure of the tie lends itself readily to conventional stress analysis techniques, for example finite element stress analysis so that the elements and the structure as a whole can be engineered to provide for satisfactory stress management.
  • the horizontal plate member bears on the ballast and can serve to provide sufficient bearing area to maintain ballast stresses at desired low levels.
  • the web structure can serve to ensure adequate shear stiffness for the tie.
  • the web structure comprises one or more webs the lower edge or edges of which is or are thickened or bulbous, since it has been found that this reduces stress concentrations in the tie.
  • the bent over end or ends of the plate member, or the ballast engaging plate member or members provide restraint against lateral buckling of the track under compressive or thermal forces, centripetal train faces on curves, partial uplift of track between heavy axles or combinations of these.
  • the ballast engaging plate member or members are concave on the side facing forwards or adjacent end ofthe tie to provide increased lateral strength, and have a portion or portions passing upwardly through the horizontal plate member and are located relative to the plate member, for example by bending or twisting the end portions or by using cotter pins or like pins passed through holes in the portions upstanding above the horizontal plate member.
  • a portion of the ballast engaging plate member or members is preferably seated in and located in a notch in a lower edge of a web member. This preferred arrangement provides a simple and highly effective connection between the ballast engaging plate member or members and the tie.
  • the tie may have a ballast engaging plate member adjacent each end and, if the end plate members do not provide sufficient lateral restraint in a given application an intermediate plate may be provided at a point the preferred location of which may desirably be determined with the aid of stress analysis.
  • the tie of the invention may be used with a resilient tie clip comprising a base having at least one generally laterally facing abutment surface adapted to engage a generally laterally facing abutment surface of a tie plate, for resisting lateral pressure on the clip, an intermediate portion extending upwardly and laterally from the base and adapted to pass through an opening in a tie plate shoulder, and an end portion extending laterally from the intermediate portion and downwardly for lodging resiliently on an upper surface of a rail flange.
  • a preferred form of the invention has a tie plate with opposing longitudinal edges, longitudinally extending shoulders spaced inwardly from such edges adapted to accommodate a rail flange therebetwen and an opening in each shoulder.
  • This may be used in combination with a resilient rail clip having an end portion extending inwardly through each opening and adapted to bear resiliently on an upper side of the flange for restraining the rail against vertical movement, and a base portion extending outwardly from the opening and adapted to bear on a bearing surface.
  • Such bearing surface may be a part of the tie plate or of the rail tie.
  • This combination provides increased stability and greatly reduces or eliminates risk of rail rollover, to which known plate and clip devices have been prone, owing to the clip acting as a first order lever with the upper side of the opening acting as a fulcrum and upward movement of the rail flange being resisted by the reaction of the bearing surface. Further, upward movement of the rail flange may be limited by closure of the spacing between the upper side of the rail flange and the lower edge of the clip and this distance can be made small. As a result rotation of the base of the rail can be transferred to the tie plate which may be anchored at a point spaced a distance laterally from the rail, so that the moment of the force resisting rail rollover is considerably increased.
  • a steel tie 20 comprises a generally horizontal oblong rectangular plate member 21 which is for connection transversely of the rails of which a short section of one rail is indicated at 22 in Figures 1 and 2.
  • Web structure extends generally vertically on the underside of the plate member 21.
  • the web structure comprises a web member 23 extending substantially centrally between the longer sides of the plate member 21.
  • the plate member 21 increases in thickness from each longer edge inwardly toward the web member 23.
  • the lower side 21a of the member 21 slopes inwardly downwardly at an angle of about 2°.
  • the lower side of the member 21 joins with the web member 23 through a smooth arcuate transition portion 21b.
  • the lower edge of the web member 23 is formed with a bulbous portion 24, the edges of which merge smoothly with the sides of the web member 23, as best seen in Fig. 7.
  • the horizontal member 21 provides sufficient bearing area to minimize ballast stress.
  • the web member 23 ensures adequate shear stiffness whereas the bulbous portion 24 at the base of the web member 23 carries tensile and compressive stresses arising from bending of the tie.
  • shoulder members 26 are provided to fasten the rails such as rail 22 to the ties.
  • the shoulder members 26 hold the rail 22 with the aid of conventional clip members, for example Universal Pandrol clips 26a as shown.
  • conventional clip members for example Universal Pandrol clips 26a
  • the structure of the invention is adapted to cooperate with various forms of rail fastening devices.
  • a pair of the shoulder members is employed on each side of each rail 22.
  • Each shoulder member 26 has two leg portions that extend through slots formed in the horizontal plate member 21.
  • the leg members 27 anchor beneath the plate member 21 through application of locking pins 28 inserted through openings 29 in each leg member 27.
  • cant plates 31 are employed between the shoulder members 26 and the upper side of the horizontal plate member 21.
  • the plates 31 are provided with slots to receive the leg members 27.
  • cant plates 31 of any desired degree of tilt may be incorporated into the fastening means.
  • some railroads use 1:20 cant plates and others 1:40 cant plates.
  • the tie according to the present invention does not need to be specially deformed to provide for either type of rail seat cant.
  • the cant plates 31 which are sandwiched between the rails 22 and the plate member 21 also serve as sacrificial wear plates that are considerably easier and substantially less expensive to replace than an entire tie.
  • the cant plates may be crowned in the direction longitudinal of the rails 22.
  • Such crowning of the cant plates is indicated somewhat exaggeratedly and schematically by the broken line 32 in Fig. 7.
  • Such crowning may desirably provide for point contact between the inclined or canted rails 22 and the cant plate 31.
  • Such point loading may improve the distribution of stress and mitigate stress concentrations.
  • the tie 20 may be provided with at least one ballast engaging plate member such as a member 33 connected to the tie on its underside and facing generally transversely of the rail 22 for restraining lateral tie movements.
  • the plates 33 are preferably curved, to provide a concavity on the side facing transversely outwardly towards the end of the tie 20.
  • Each plate member 33 is connected to the tie 20 through a three point securement.
  • the upper end of each plate member 33 is provided with a pair of upwardly extending end portions 34 passing through slots 34a formed symmetrically of the medium of the plate member 21 that extends transversely of the rail, for transferring lateral forces between the portions 34 and the plate member 21.
  • the slots are, accordingly, preferably formed symmetrically on each side of the web member 23.
  • Cotter pins 36 or like retaining pins may be passed through holes 35 in the upper end portions 34 to locate the plate members at each of two upper points adjacent the upper side of the plate member 21.
  • the end portions 34 extending above the plate member 21 may be bent over or twisted to locate them relative to the plate member 21.
  • the third retaining point for each plate member 33 is provided in the examples shown in Figs. 1 to 7 by a notch 37 formed in the lower side of the bulbous portion 24 of the web member 23.
  • Each plate member 33 is formed with a slot in its upper side, as seen in Figure 7, through which the web member 23 extends.
  • a portion 39 of the plate member adjacent the lower end of the slot 38 lodges in the notch 37.
  • the plates 33 are preferably connected in the ends of the tie 20 at areas where the stresses applied are very low.
  • a further advantage of the present design is that the size of the plates 33 can be increased or decreased at will by substituting differently sized plates for the plates 33 in order to provide greater or smaller ballast-engaging area or to match the required lateral track stability in a given application.
  • an end or both ends of the plate member 21 may be bent over downwardly to provide restraint against lateral movement.
  • the end portion or portions of the web member 23 are cut away, and the end or ends of the plate member bent down preferably to abut against the cut ends of the web member 23.
  • one or more intermediate ballast-engaging plates 41 may be located in the middle span of the tie 20 to provide extra lateral strength to the tie 20 and to brace the web member 23 against transverse buckling.
  • the exact location of the intermediate plate or plates 41 to avoid undesired stress concentrations may be determined by conventional stress analysis methods.
  • the intermediate plate member 41 is, similarly to the plate members 33, retained by a three point securement wherein cotter pins 42 are passed through holes in upper end portions 43 of the plate member 41 upstanding through slots formed through the horizontal plate member 21 on either side of the web 23, and a lower portion of the plate 41 is located in a notch 44 formed in the bulbous portion 24 at the bottom edge of the web 23.
  • FIG 8 shows cross-sections of various forms of tie supported on ballast 51 dispqsed on a ground or grade surface 52.
  • a minimum depth "d" of ballast 51 is required below the bearing or ballast engaging surface 54.
  • An additional depth of ballast "a” is required to engage the sides 56 and ends of the tie 53 to restrain longitudinal and lateral movements, respectively.
  • an additional depth of ballast "a” is required above the bearing surface 58 to engage surface 59 resisting longitudinal movement and surfaces above bearing surface 58 resisting lateral movements.
  • ballast depth "c" may be required below surface 62 which transmits part of the downward force to the ballast, but there may be difficulties in introducing ballast into the cavity of the trough 61.
  • tie 20 of the invention it is relatively easy to introduce ballast below the plate member 21, and the web member 23 and plates 33 resisting longitudinal and lateral movements extend below the bearing surface 21a so that an additional depth of ballast is not required.
  • Fig. 9 shows a tie plate 410 adapted to be formed by conventional rolling and punching processes from sheet steel stock, or by casting-and comprising two elements 410a and 410b which in use interengage along a line 411.
  • Figures 10 to 12 show a similar tie plate 420 which is adapted to be formed by conventional rolling processes or by conventional casting processes and comprises two elements 420a and 420b similar to elements 410a and 410b, respectively, except for some differences noted below.
  • the interengaging portions are similar on each element and comprise a rectangular longitudinally opening recess 412 and an oppositely directed longitudinally extending rectangular tongue 413, the tongue 413 of each element 410a and 410b, or 420a and 420b, fitting snugly into the recess 412 of each other element.
  • the plate 410 or 420 When in the assembled condition shown in Fig. 9 or 19 the plate 410 or 420 has two longitudinally extending shoulders 414 for receiving, as seen in Figs.14 and 15 a flange 416 of a rail 417 snugly therebetween.
  • a laterally outer longitudinal edge 418 of each element 410a and 410b or 420a and 420b is formed with longitudinally spaced formations for engaging a plate member 419 of a steel tie.
  • Each formation comprises a downwardly extending leg 421 and a projection 422 extending laterally therefrom.
  • each projection extends laterally outwardly to facilitate application of the plate elements 410a and 410b, or 420a and 420b, to plate member 419 in the manner indicated in Fig. 12.
  • Each element 410a, 410b or 420a, 420b is received in a pair of longitudinally spaced slots formed through the plate member 419 of the steel tie, for example by punching.
  • each slot 423a and 423b of each pair is seen in the cross-section of Fig. 12.
  • the width of each slot 423a and 423b is approximately equal to the thickness of the metal of the legs 421 and projections 422 and its length is approximately the length of each leg 421 and projection 422, so that these latter fit through the slots 423a and 423b with a small clearance.
  • each element 410a, 410b, or 420a, 420b is applied in an upright position with its projection 422 received in the slots and is rotated inwardly downwardly as seen in successive stages in broken lines in Fig. 12 so that in the installed position the portions 412 ana 413 interengage as seen in Fig. 9 and the projections 422 lodge under the plate 419.
  • a tie 20, 120, 220, or 320 as described above with reference to Figs. 1 to 8 is modified by punching slots such as the slots 423a and b through its plate member, so that it is used as plate 419 with the tie plates 410 or 420 as described above.
  • Other forms of steel tie may be used however with less advantage.
  • BHP steel ties as available from BHP Rail Products (Canada) Ltd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada may be used.
  • each edge 418 may have a single leg 421 and projection 422 extending continuously along it or along a portion, for example a central portion, or may have more than two legs 421 each parallel with a projection 422, engaging corresponding slots in the plate 419.
  • projections 422 resist upward movement of the plate 410 or 420 relative to the plate member 419 of the tie, and the legs 421 resist lateral and longitudinal movement. Lateral stresses imposed by a rail flange on one shoulder 414 are transmitted through the interengaging formations 412 and 413, so that the legs 421 on each element 410a and 410b, or 420a and 420b share the lateral loads.
  • the plate member 21 of the tie 20 varies continuously in thickness since it tapers from the central web member 23 outwardly to each longer edge. This is highly advantageous since as a result there is a unique position of tie plate such as tie plate 410, relative to the plate member 21, at which the thickness of the plate member 21 matches the height of the legs 421, or, more accurately, the vertical distance between the lower sides of the elements 410a and 410b and the upper sides of the projections 422. Therefore, when installed, the tie plate such as plate 410 tends to adopt this unique or equilibrium position and the arrangement increases the stability of the location of the plate 410 relative to the tie 20 against movement in the direction extending longitudinally of the rail 417.
  • each shoulder 414 is formed with a longitudinally horizontally elongated opening 424 for receiving a rail clip as described in more detail later with reference to Figs. 13 to 15.
  • the tie plates 420 of Figs. 10 to 12 have channel-like longitudinally extending recesses 414a which can receive a limb of a conventional rail clip such as a PANDROL (trademark) rail clip for retaining a rail flange such as flange 416 on the plate 420.
  • a conventional rail clip such as a PANDROL (trademark) rail clip for retaining a rail flange such as flange 416 on the plate 420.
  • each plate 410 or 420 provides a planar upper side 426 which preferably is inclined or canted in the lateral direction relative to a planar lower side 427, to provide for desired inward cant of the rails 417.
  • Fig. 13 shows a rail clip 430 having a longitudinally elongated generally rectangular base portion 428 with a planar lower side 429. Each end is formed with a downwardly extending tab 431 which is spaced inwardly from an laterally outer side edge 432 of the base 428.
  • An intermediate portion 433 inclines laterally inwardly and upwardly from the base 428 to a transition portion 434 curving downwardly to provide a convex upper side and an end portion 436 curving upwardly to provide a convex lower side 437.
  • Figure 14 shows a two part tie plate 440 similar to that described above in detail with reference to Figs. 17 to 20 and installable on a tie 419 formed with slots therethrough in the same manner as described above with reference to Fig. 12.
  • the elements 440a and 440b in this case are preferably formed by casting.
  • Each shoulder 414 is formed with a horizontally longitudinally elongated slot 424 through it.
  • Each slot 424 preferably tapers in width in the laterally inward direction, as seen in side view in Fig.14, to facilitate inward driving of the end portion 436 of a clip 430 as described above with reference to Fig. 13.
  • the slot opening 424 formed through each shoulder 414 tapers in width inwardly again with the object of facilitating or guiding inward movement of the end 436 of a clip 430.
  • the plate 410 or 440 includes planar web members 441 extending laterally between the shoulders 414 and the longitudinal edges 418 that are punched or otherwise formed with a pair of openings 442 spaced apart longitudinally to receive the spaced tabs 431 of the clip 430.
  • each opening 424 has its length approximately the same as the width of the portion 433 of the clip 430 so that the clip 430 lodges in the tie plate 410 or 440 with little longitudinal play or clearance.
  • transition and end portions 434 and 436 are deformed upwardly relative to the intermediate portion 433, the upper side of which bears on the upper side of the opening 414.
  • the line or area of contact between the side of the opening 414 and the clip portion 433 acts as a fulcrum with the result there is a resilient reaction tending to urge the transition and end portions 434 and 436 firmly downwardly to engage the said flange and to urge the base portion 428 downwardly, resulting in the snapping of the tabs 431 into the openings 442 as the clip 430 is driven inwardly.
  • tabs 431 serve as abutment members the lateral flanks of which provide oppositely and laterally facing abutment surfaces engaging the opposing laterally facing sides of the openings 442 and serving to resist lateral displacement of the clips 430 relative to the tie plate 440.
  • the clips 430 are retained positively on the plate 410 or 440 as a result of the reaction between the clip portion 433 and the opening 414 tending to urge the tabs 431 downwardly into the openings 442, so that the clips 430 will continue to resist rail rollover in the manner described above.
  • Fig. 15 shows a further example of a tie plate 450, similar to the plate 440 except it is formed as a single piece, for example by casting, suitable for installation on a concrete or wooden tie.
  • the web members 441 extend a distance beyond the openings 442 and each are provided with openings 443 through which anchor members 444 may pass.
  • Each web member 441 may have a set of, for example, two or three openings 443 spaced longitudinally along the member 441, for receiving conventional fasteners.
  • fasteners may be spike members 446, for example, driven into a wooden tie or sleeper 447.
  • the openings 443 may also receive studs or other conventional cast in place anchors of a concrete tie, for example.
  • the one piece tie plate 450 in combination with the clips 430 tends to resist rail rollover by limiting rotation of the toe A of the rail flange and transferring such rotational forces to the plate 450, so that the forces are resisted by the large moment applied by the spike 446 or other fastener spaced laterally outwardly a considerable distance from the toe A.
  • Fig. 16 shows a partial view of a further form of tie plate 460 and clip 470.
  • the tie plate 460 is adapted to be formed by casting. Laterally outwards of each shoulder 414, the plate 460 is forned with a reaction shoulder 461, on the upper side of which the base portion 471 of the clip 470 rests.
  • the shoulder 461 may extend longitudinally a distance somewhat greater than the width of the base portion 461.
  • the upper side of the reaction shoulder 461 is formed with one or more upstanding studs 462 which are preferably circular in section and snap into holes 472 formed in the clip 470 when the clip 470 is driven inward through the opening 424 to bear on the upper side of the rail flange 416, thereby providing abutment members and openings providing cooperating lateral abutment surfaces resisting displacement of the clip 470 under lateral pressure.
  • the opening 424 in the shoulder in this example does not taper in width but has parallel upper and lower sides 424a and 424b.
  • the plate form clip 470 has an upswept intermediate portion 473 which in the installed position is deformed resiliently and bears on the upper side 424a of the opening while a downswept end portion 474 is deformed resiliently and bears resiliently on the upper side of the rail flange 416.
  • the plate 460 may be a two-part plate similar to those described above with reference to Figs. 9 to 12 and 14 or may be a one-piece plate as described above with reference to Fig. 23.
  • Fig. 17 shows a modification of the tie plate 460 formed as a two-part plate having elements 460a and 460b which unite along a line 411 inclining, for example at 45°, to the longitudinal direction of the rail.
  • each element 460a and b has a rectangular stud 476 on its underside which engages in a corresponding rectangular opening 477 punched in the plate member 21 of tie 20 on installation in order to increase the stability of location of the plate 460 relative to the tie 20, and especially resisting lateral forces.
  • the tie 20 in Fig. 19 is modified in that it has a planar lower face 24a on the bulbous or thickened portion 24.
  • Fig. 18 shows a further modified two part tie plate 478, wherein each shoulder 414 is at a lateral edge of the respective element 478a or b for use with a tie clip engaging directly with the tie, such as a tie 20, as seen in Figs. 28 to 31.
  • the elements 478a and b are formed with locating and force-resisting studs 479, circular in this example, which are of different sizes, and at each rail position on plate member 21 there is a pair of corresponding differently sized openings 481, so that the tie plates 478 can be installed only in a given orientation, usually with each canted surface 426 facing inwardly of the rail track, with a view to avoiding misinstallation.
  • Figs. 21 and 22 show the use of the tie plate 478 with a resilient steel plate form tie clip 482 having a base portion 483 engaging the upper side of the plate member 21, and an intermediate portion 484 curving downwardly and inwardly to an upswept end portion 486.
  • the clip Inwardly from the base portion 483, the clip includes an inwardly and downwardly inclining locking portion 487 which in the installed position as seen in Fig. 22 snaps into an opening or pocket 488 formed in the upper side of the plate member 21.
  • the end portion 486 is inserted loosely manually into the opening 424 and the rear of the intermediate portion 484 is given blows with a driving tool such as a hammer or slug to drive clip 482 inwardly toward the position shown in Fig.22.
  • the end portion 486 is urged upwardly as it rides on the upwardly inclining surface of the rail flange 416, and the intermediate portion 484 is compressed more strongly as it progressively enters the opening 424, there is a strong downwardly compressive reaction at the base 483 and locking portion 487, so that the latter snaps into the pocket 488 when it reaches the installed position.
  • the clip 482 can be removed if desired by levering upwardly on the clip between the base portion 483 and locking portion 487 using a bar like tool.
  • a plate-form resilient tie clip 489 is used together with tie plate 478.
  • the clip has a spiral-section portion 491 of which a bight or base portion 492 engages the plate member 21 of the tie 20 or other steel tie having a generally planar upper member.
  • the clip 489 has an upwardly concave intermediate portion and a downwardly and then upwardly inwardly swept end portion 494. In installation, the end portion 494 is inserted loosely in the opening 424 and the clip 489 is driven inwardly with blows from a hammer or like driving tool.
  • the clip 489 functions as a first class or first order lever wherein the clip 489 pivots about its point or area of contact with the upper side of the opening 424 which acts as a fulcrum, so that the upward force exerted by the toe A on the end portion 494 is counterbalanced by the upward reaction of the plate member 21 on the base portion.
  • the same first order lever action also occurs with the clips 430 of Figs. 13 to 15, 470 of Fig. 16 and 482 of Figs. 21 and 22, wherein the area of contact between the clip and the upper side of the opening 424 acts as a fulcrum.
  • the stresses exerted on the clip in this first order lever action can be made much less than are possible with second or third order lever arrangements as occur with known rail tie clips.
  • the shoulder may be formed to be generally T-shape, as indicated at 414a as viewed laterally from the side of the tie plate 440a, with the upright of the T connected to the tie plate.
  • the end portion of the clip 430a that engages on the rail flange is in such case formed with a slot extending longitudinally inwardly from the end of the clip 430a, so that, when the clip 430a is driven inwardly, the upright of the T 414a enters progressively into the slot, and the upper side of the clip on either side of the slot engages on the underside of the adjacent horizontal limb of the T in the same manner that the above mentioned clips engage on the upper side of the opening 414.
  • the T members 414a need not be disposed laterally opposite one another centrally of the plate 440a and may be longitudinally offset from one another.
  • the openings 424 in the embodiments of Figs.9 and 14 to 24 may be longitudinally offset from one another along the tie plate, and the shoulder portions 414 may be of a length somewhat less than the length of the tie plate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
  • Sheet Holders (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Traverse en acier (20) destinée à être incorporée dans une voie ferrée, comprenant :
    un élément de plaque de forme rectangulaire oblongue généralement horizontal (21) destiné à être connecté transversalement au rail (22) et comportant :
    une surface inférieure destinée à prendre appui sur un ballast et à limiter le déplacement vertical du rail ; et
    un élément d'âme (23) s'étendant de façon générale verticalement sur le côté inférieur de l'élément de plaque (21) ainsi que de façon générale parallèlement aux côtés plus longs de l'élément de plaque (21) et selon un espacement vers l'intérieur par rapport à ceux-ci,
    caractérisée en ce que l'élément d'âme comporte une extrémité inférieure libre (24) adaptée pour être noyée dans le ballast et servant à limiter le déplacement longitudinal du rail.
  2. Traverse (20) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle l'élément d'âme (23) s'étend sensiblement centralement par rapport à l'élément de plaque horizontal (21).
  3. Traverse (20) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comportant au moins un élément de plaque de coopération avec le ballast (33, 41) connecté à la traverse (20) sur son côté inférieur et orienté de façon générale transversalement au rail (22) pour limiter le déplacement latéral de la traverse.
  4. Traverse (20) selon la revendication 3, comportant un élément de plaque de coopération avec le ballast (33) adjacent à chaque extrémité de la traverse (20).
  5. Traverse (20) selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans laquelle au moins un élément de plaque de coopération avec le ballast (33) est incurvé pour constituer une concavité sur le côté orienté transversalement vers l'extérieur en direction de l'extrémité de la traverse (20).
  6. Traverse (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, comportant un élément de plaque de coopération avec le ballast au niveau d'une région intermédiaire de la traverse.
  7. Traverse (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, dans laquelle l'élément ou chaque élément de plaque de coopération avec le ballast (33, 41) est formé séparément de l'élément de plaque rectangulaire (21) et de l'élément d'âme (23) et est connecté à la traverse (20) sur son côté inférieur et est connecté de façon amovible à ladite traverse (20).
  8. Traverse (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, dans laquelle l'élément ou chaque élément de plaque de coopération avec le ballast (33, 41) comporte au moins une partie d'extrémité supérieure (34, 43) qui passe au travers d'une ouverture (34a) ménagée dans l'élément de plaque horizontal (21).
  9. Traverse (20) selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle la partie d'extrémité supérieure (34, 43) est munie d'un moyen (36) adapté pour résister au retrait de la partie d'extrémité supérieure (34, 43) hors de ladite ouverture (34a).
  10. Traverse (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 9, dans laquelle l'élément d'âme (23) s'étend au travers d'une fente (38) ménagée dans le côté supérieur de l'élément ou de chaque élément de plaque de coopération avec le ballast (33, 41).
  11. Traverse (20) selon la revendication 10, dans laquelle le bord inférieur de l'élément d'âme (23) est muni d'une encoche (37) adjacente à l'élément ou à chaque élément de plaque de coopération avec le ballast et une partie de l'élément de plaque de coopération avec le ballast adjacente à l'extrémité inférieure de la fente (38) est logée dans l'encoche (37).
  12. Traverse (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la partie d'extrémité inférieure de l'élément d'âme (23) est d'une épaisseur augmentée par comparaison avec une partie supérieure de l'âme.
  13. Traverse (20) selon la revendication 12, dans laquelle l'élément d'âme (23) comporte un bord inférieur renflé (24).
  14. Traverse (20) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes en combinaison avec un moyen pour fixer un rail par rapport à l'élément de plaque horizontal (21) comprenant deux éléments d'épaulement (414) pour venir respectivement en butée contre des côtés opposés du rail (22) et chaque élément d'épaulement (414) comportant au moins un jambage en crochet (421) pour passer au travers d'une ouverture (442) ménagée dans l'élément de plaque horizontal (21) de la traverse et pour coopérer avec le côté inférieur de l'élément de plaque horizontal (21).
  15. Traverse selon la revendication 14, dans laquelle chaque jambage en crochet (421) comporte une partie s'étendant latéralement pour coopérer avec le côté inférieur de l'élément de plaque horizontal (21).
  16. Traverse selon la revendication 14 ou 15, dans laquelle chaque élément d'épaulement (414) comporte une partie de butée s'étendant vers le haut depuis comportant une ouverture (424) la traversant qui constitue une surface de butée orientée vers le bas pour une réaction avec un crapaud (430).
  17. Traverse selon la revendication 16, dans laquelle ladite partie de butée est en forme de boíte et ladite ouverture (424) la traversant est délimitée par une paroi supérieure continue (424a) constituant ladite surface de butée orientée vers le bas.
  18. Traverse selon la revendication 16 ou 17, dans laquelle un côté inférieur de ladite ouverture comprend une partie de rampe s'inclinant vers l'intérieur latéralement vers le haut (424b).
  19. Traverse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 à 18, dans laquelle chaque élément d'épaulement (414) comporte une partie d'assise (461) s'étendant latéralement vers l'extérieur depuis la partie de butée et comportant un côté inférieur qui prend appui sur l'élément de plaque et un côté supérieur formé de manière à être muni d'un évidement pour positionner un crapaud (430).
EP94917529A 1993-06-02 1994-06-02 Traverse de rail perfectionne Expired - Lifetime EP0701642B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB939311396A GB9311396D0 (en) 1993-06-02 1993-06-02 Steel tie
GB9311396 1993-06-02
US13973693A 1993-10-22 1993-10-22
US139736 1993-10-22
PCT/CA1994/000303 WO1994028245A1 (fr) 1993-06-02 1994-06-02 Traverse, socle et crapaud de rail perfectionnes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0701642A1 EP0701642A1 (fr) 1996-03-20
EP0701642B1 true EP0701642B1 (fr) 1999-12-15

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94917529A Expired - Lifetime EP0701642B1 (fr) 1993-06-02 1994-06-02 Traverse de rail perfectionne

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EP (1) EP0701642B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08510304A (fr)
CN (1) CN1125967A (fr)
AT (1) ATE187785T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU685812B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9406732A (fr)
CA (1) CA2164115C (fr)
DE (1) DE69422170D1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2159305C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994028245A1 (fr)

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US6305613B1 (en) 1995-01-13 2001-10-23 Jude O. Igwemezie Rail fastening devices
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CA2214279A1 (fr) 1997-08-29 1999-02-28 Jude Igwemezie Agrafe pour rail
AU714276B2 (en) * 1998-03-03 1999-12-23 West Japan Railway Company Steel sleeper
US6325300B1 (en) 1998-08-28 2001-12-04 Jude O. Igwemezie Rail retaining device
GB2383066A (en) * 2001-12-11 2003-06-18 Corus Uk Ltd Steel sleeper assembly
GB0413093D0 (en) 2004-06-11 2004-07-14 Pandrol Ltd Fastening rail in railway slide chair assembly
DE102007025708B4 (de) * 2007-06-01 2009-06-18 Schwihag Ag Kraftschlüssige elastische Schienenbefestigung für Gleisanlagen
DE102007031705A1 (de) 2007-07-06 2009-01-08 Thyssenkrupp Gft Gleistechnik Gmbh Schwelle für feste Fahrbahnen
GB2477282A (en) * 2010-01-27 2011-08-03 Pandrol Ltd Method of manufacturing a resilient metal rail clip with hardness within a known range
CN103194939A (zh) * 2013-03-29 2013-07-10 无锡恒畅铁路轨枕有限公司 混凝土轨枕
CN105507089A (zh) * 2015-11-30 2016-04-20 无锡市恒达矿山机械有限公司 一种矿山使用的专用枕
CN110672428B (zh) * 2019-10-24 2020-10-30 成都西交轨道交通技术服务有限公司 一种合成轨枕弯曲试验装置及监测系统
RU198291U1 (ru) * 2020-03-16 2020-06-30 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ГРУППА ОТР" Железобетонное подрельсовое основание с П-образным профилем
RU197625U1 (ru) * 2020-03-16 2020-05-18 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ГРУППА ОТР" Железобетонное подрельсовое основание с П-образным профилем
CN115123488B (zh) * 2022-07-22 2024-07-23 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 一种用于火车运输船的火车轨道固定装置及方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9406732A (pt) 1996-01-30
RU2159305C2 (ru) 2000-11-20
CA2164115C (fr) 2000-02-22
ATE187785T1 (de) 2000-01-15
CA2164115A1 (fr) 1994-12-08
AU685812B2 (en) 1998-01-29
JPH08510304A (ja) 1996-10-29
WO1994028245A1 (fr) 1994-12-08
CN1125967A (zh) 1996-07-03
EP0701642A1 (fr) 1996-03-20
AU6922294A (en) 1994-12-20
DE69422170D1 (de) 2000-01-20

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