EP0698304B1 - Gruppenantenne und verfahren zur messtechnischen und rechnerischen ermittlung der werte von in die antenne einzufügenden impedanzen - Google Patents
Gruppenantenne und verfahren zur messtechnischen und rechnerischen ermittlung der werte von in die antenne einzufügenden impedanzen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0698304B1 EP0698304B1 EP95910427A EP95910427A EP0698304B1 EP 0698304 B1 EP0698304 B1 EP 0698304B1 EP 95910427 A EP95910427 A EP 95910427A EP 95910427 A EP95910427 A EP 95910427A EP 0698304 B1 EP0698304 B1 EP 0698304B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- gates
- network
- impedances
- antennae
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
Definitions
- the large number of antennas used on vehicles is based on classic antenna technology derived.
- the main model for this is the vertical monopoly on one horizontal footprint.
- a horizontal diagram is also used for the long antenna targeted with circular characteristics.
- vertical rod spotlights an azimuthal circular diagram is expected for modern telephone radio systems.
- the vehicle sets a rotationally asymmetrical with respect to the antenna Body, which, as the base of an antenna, strong azimuthal indentations caused.
- half-wave emitters are preferably used as an essential remedy, which at the end of relatively long vertical bars on the vehicle via insulating members or feed lines are excited. With the help of the distance of the spotlight from the The body's radiation should be unaffected by the interference body of the car, a circular diagram deliver.
- antennas could be generated on the vehicle.
- antenna diversity reception e.g. would it be desirable to implement vehicle antennas, each one of the four covers azimuthal quadrants in the radiation.
- Such antennas could after State of the art can only be realized by classic directional antennas, which in relative large distance from the vehicle body are properly installed.
- antennas cannot be used from a vehicle-specific point of view.
- antennas should be designed in such a way that are integrated into the vehicle and protrude as little as possible from the body.
- Such antennas or antenna structures inevitably result in an extremely strong one Radiation coupling with the electrically conductive vehicle body or conductive Vehicle parts such that the resulting influence on the radiation properties a targeted design of the antenna properties does not allow. It is essential thus, to consider the vehicle body as part of the antenna arrangement and thus takes into account that these with their specific shape the antenna properties decisively determined. For all antennas integrated in the vehicle or It is therefore antenna structures for achieving optimal radiation properties imperative, the specific vehicle shape in the design process of the antenna to involve. Antennas integrated into the vehicle with strong coupling to the vehicle body are e.g. electrically short spotlights, which are directly on the vehicle body, often on the rear window are mounted.
- All windshield and rear window antennas which as inserted wires or printed on the glass, these have strong electromagnetic Coupling to the vehicle body.
- the design of such antennas is over a variety of patent applications and patents, e.g. B. from P 36 197 04, P 39 14 424 known. Due to their complex shape, these antennas often consist of a large number of conductors or conductor sections, all of which make a contribution to the total radiation. Also the wiring of a heating field on the rear window with reactors changes the radiation properties of the heating field designed as an antenna. This is described in P 36 18 452. Essential for the design of the radiation properties such antennas is the distribution of the antenna currents on the antenna conductors as well the radiation-coupled car body.
- the object of the invention is therefore a group antenna according to the preamble of Claim 1 and a method for determining to be inserted into these impedances, thus despite the existing radiation coupling with the desired directional diagram disturbing elements, the desired directional diagram should be set as optimally as possible leaves.
- radiators A similar arrangement of radiators is shown, for example, in FIG. 5.
- the high-frequency power is to be fed in at the gates T 1 and T 2 for a radio antenna according to amplitude and phase with the aid of the feed network 17.
- the azimuthal diagram is to be optimized.
- the measures taken according to the invention make the radiation, which is undesirable per se the vehicle body excited by radiation coupling is not prevented.
- the large number of radiators overlays a wave field, which in total has radiation properties according to the object of the invention results.
- the antenna group by dividing an antenna structure and formed as gates by describing the subdivision points.
- connection points for reactance resistors for antennas as in P 36 18 452 can be described as such gates of an antenna group.
- the connection points in the base point can be understood as a gate.
- additional gates can be incorporated in the structure of such spotlights.
- the amplitude and phase are different current distributions and thus different Radiation properties.
- a horizontal diagram is used as the radiation characteristic for motor vehicle radio antennas with the most uniform possible radiation in all azimuthal spatial directions sought. In practice, this is therefore only possible with rotationally symmetrical antenna elements approximately reached in the middle of the roof. With off center Antennas or with the antennas glued to the vehicle window result from the coupling of radiation with the vehicle body is undesirable and sometimes not more tolerable deformations of the horizontal diagram, in particular radiation compensation, which strong indentations cause in the horizontal diagram.
- radiation compensation which strong indentations cause in the horizontal diagram.
- especially the radiation in the solid angle area to the front is prohibited reduced.
- connection gates T 1 to T 9 Some of these gates ( T 2, T 3, T 6 and T 7) are either between the busbars 9a to 9d of the heating conductor and mass 10 formed. Other gates ( T 4, T 5, T 8 and T 9) are created by additional conductors 8a to 8d, which are laid perpendicular to the heating conductors, between their ends at the edge of the vehicle window and the respective ground point 10. Each gate has radiation characteristics a directional diagram, which depends on the wiring of all other gates. Should z. B.
- different directional diagrams can be achieved by different wiring of the gates 2 to 9, as is desirable for a diversity effect in the case of reception, the necessary different wiring for the gates 2 to 9 can be taken into account with the aid of the method according to the invention Vehicle body can be determined and designed.
- the diversity effect is e.g. B. achieved in that the gates 2 to 9 are connected with different combinations of blind elements in the event of insufficient reception. It is particularly important for this application to intensify the horizontal radiation and to keep the radiation correspondingly small at higher elevation angles.
- Azimuthal bundling is advantageous if the entire azimuth can be covered using the different wiring combinations.
- the gates T 1 and T 2 are connected to the network analyzer 2 by way of example for the measurement of the complex wave parameter S 12 , the remaining gates being connected to the wave resistance 7 as the reference resistance of the network analyzer 2 in the correct manner for the wave resistance.
- the remaining gates being connected to the wave resistance 7 as the reference resistance of the network analyzer 2 in the correct manner for the wave resistance.
- several antenna connections can be formed for antenna diversity and an additional variety of antenna directional characteristics can be made available for the diversity system by additional value combinations at the remaining gates.
- a further advantageous application of the method according to the invention is the formation of gates for designing the current distribution by means of a network-shaped electrical counterweight 12.
- a network-shaped electrical counterweight 12 to the radiator 6 with the help of gates T 1 to T 5 can be connected by reactance circuitry, so that the heating conductors 14 can be included in the best possible way to support the radiation properties of the electrically short radiators or radiator group.
- S parameters interaction parameters
- thin electrical lines can be along the radial network rays. which are connected to the mass 10, are relocated.
- Another advantageous application of the method according to the invention consists in the advantageous design of the radial currents at the edge of the network-shaped electrical counterweight.
- 4 capacitively loaded antenna structures 19 can be connected to the network edge via suitable blind elements via gates T 1 to T 5, so that the capacitively loaded antenna structures 19 are supported in the best possible way to support the radiation properties of the electrically short radiators 6 or the radiator group can be included.
- FIG. 6 shows the basic circuit diagram of an antenna designed according to the method according to the invention, which is formed by the radiator network 18 in connection with the feed network 17.
- the radiator network 18 with its gates 1 to N is fed by the corresponding gates 1 to N of the feed network 17.
- the gates N + 1 to M of the radiator network 18 are terminated with suitable bipoles, the terminations being described by the complex reflection factors r N +1 to r M , based on the characteristic impedance 7 of the measuring system.
- the antenna in the far field as the receiving antenna, which for the sake of simplicity is terminated with the wave resistor 7, so that the passive feed network 17 at the antenna connection point at gate N + 1 absorbs the transmission power and that Feed network 17 distributes this power appropriately to gates 1 to N.
- the radiator network 18 is shown symbolically in FIG. 5 by a border.
- the network and the terminating impedances 20 are optimally designed arithmetically with regard to the power and their directional dependence in the receiving antenna.
- directional diagrams can be designed by setting favorable amplitude and phase values for the excitation of the antenna elements in group antennas.
- the task of designing favorable amplitude and phase values has often been carried out by experts by specifying an initial setting of these values, which have been successively changed step by step with the help of measurements of the directional diagrams in the sense of developing the desired directional diagram.
- the antenna according to the invention can advantageously be designed according to the combined measuring and computing method described below in order to achieve the object of the invention with favorable amplitude and phase values for the excitation of the antenna elements. This is done in three steps:
- connection point of an antenna element 6 according to FIG. 5 the principle of which is shown in general form in FIG. 6, which is to be connected to the feed network 17 at selected locations, in each case as a connection gate T 1, as is the teaching of linear multi-gates
- connection gate T 1 the electrical behavior of the unconnected antenna elements 6 which are not connected to the feed network 17 can be described by a N ⁇ N multiple gate matrix with a total of N connection points.
- the group antenna according to FIG. 5 can also contain antenna elements 6 with a connection point which is only loaded with a two-pole connection and which is not connected to the feed network 17. If one also designates such a selected connection point as a connection gate (see FIG.
- the multi-gate matrix can be expanded to M ⁇ M gates with M > N and M , N as an integer.
- connection gates which are connected to the feed network 17, should be designated with the integer numbers 1 ... N , the gates connected with two-pole connections with the integers ( N + 1) ... M.
- the antenna connection point of a measuring antenna mounted far from the vehicle is generally referred to as gate M + 1.
- the vehicle can be placed on a turntable, for example.
- the wave parameters S i ( M +1) ( ⁇ ) for i 1 ...
- the form of the wave parameter matrix is chosen to explain the procedure.
- the complex wave parameters S 11 , S 12 , ..., S NN with respect to the connection gates of the antenna elements attached to the inclined window pane according to FIG. 5 are determined by measurement.
- wave parameters S ik as the ratio of k from the closed to the shaft resistor 7 as the reference resistance of the wave parameters
- connection gate runaway shaft B k returning wave
- the matrix elements are measured with an arrangement such as that shown in FIG. 2. If a wave is impressed at gate 1, z. B. at gate 2 an outgoing wave that is measured in network analyzer 2 at port P 2.
- the network analyzer with calibration of the supply lines 5, allows the S parameters between the two gates T 1 and T 2 to be measured directly and stored as data in a connected computer. In this way, the interaction of all gates to one another can be determined one after the other if all gates not connected to the network analyzer are wired with the correct wave resistance. This enables all interaction parameters of all gates 1 to M to be determined.
- a measuring arrangement as in FIG. 1 is proposed for detecting the directional dependence of the received voltages at the gates 1 to M.
- the network analyzer with its transmission port P 1 is connected, for example, to a transmission antenna located in the far field, which radiates the vehicle with the polarization direction to be considered at a specific azimuth angle.
- the receiving port P 2 of the network analyzer is now connected in sequence to all gates of the antenna structure to be examined on the vehicle and the complex interaction parameters are measured as the ratio of the wave received at the receiving gate to the wave emitted by the transmitting antenna and the parameter S i ( M +1 ) read into the computer memory.
- all of the other gates of the antenna structure on the vehicle, which have not been considered, are closed with the correct wave resistance.
- the vehicle is expediently rotated at a turning position in azimuth and the azimuth angles are read step by step into the computer with the aid of an electrical angle sensor and assigned to the corresponding S- parameter measurement values.
- the azimuth angle phi a parameter set S ( M +1) 1 ... S ( M +1) M , which completes the matrix ( S ) in equation 1.
- the parameter S ( M +1) ( M +1) only represents the adaptation factor of the transmitting antenna and can be set to zero in the following considerations. It is also assumed that the antenna in the far field is terminated with the correct wave resistance.
- the power supplied to all fed gates of the radiator network is referred to as P Ant .
- G For each azimuth angle, G ( ⁇ , A 1 , A 2 , ..., A N , r N +1, ..., r M ) for a certain set of incoming waves A 1 , A 2 , ..., A N and a certain set of reflection factors r N +1 , ..., r M maximal.
- the profit function can be optimized in each case by means of a variation calculation with regard to specifications regarding the directional diagram.
- the result of the variation calculation is a set of optimal incoming waves A 1 , A 2 , ..., A N and a specific set of reflection factors r N + 1 , ..., r M.
- the main matrix ( S ) can be divided into four sub-matrices.
- Matrix ( S I ) describes the interaction between gates 1 to N in the form of complex scattering parameters.
- the aim of the method is to produce desired directivity properties with respect to the radiation density at a certain distance in the far field when a certain power is fed in via all the gates to be connected to the feed network, as a result of which the radiation density at the receiving location is usually to be maximized under certain conditions.
- the matrix in equation 1 now makes it possible to determine all the waves B 1 to B M returning at these gates when known predetermined incoming waves A 1 ... A M are fed in. By terminating the receiving antenna in the far field in accordance with the wave resistance, the wave approaching its gate M + 1 is forced to zero.
- the wave B M +1 emerging from this gate can thus be expressed with the help of this system of equations depending on the initially unknown waves A 1 to A M.
- the total matrix ( S ) is divided into four sub-matrixes, which are designated ( S I ), ( S II ), ( S III ) and ( S IV ).
- the vectors of the waves B can now be determined from the incoming waves A of the gates connected to the network:
- ( B I. ) [( S I. ) + ( S II ) ⁇ ( r ) ⁇ [(1) - ( S IV ) ⁇ ( r )] -1 ⁇ ( S III )] ⁇ ( A I. )
- the sum of the powers supplied is thus calculated from waves A 1 to A N and B 1 to B N.
- the matrix elements ( U ) and ( T ) are dependent on the azimuth angle and the reflection factors r N +1 ... r M. With each set of values for waves A 1 ... A N or r N +1 , ..., r M results in a certain G ( ⁇ , A 1 , A 2 , ..., A N , r N +1 , ..., r M ).
- the gates N + 1 to M can be connected with appropriate impedances, mostly reactances.
- ( B I. ) ( T ) ⁇ ( A I. ) the returning waves B are fixed at the fed gates 1 to N.
- the complex ratios A 1 / B 1 to A N / B N allow the calculation of impedances that the feed network 17 sees at its gates T 1 to TN , implemented by the radiator network 18 (see FIG. 6).
- the feed network 17 is designed, for example, as a network branching in parallel at a node at the antenna connection point at gate N + 1, it can be ensured by means of correspondingly dimensioned transformer elements and elements which are subject to delay between the node and the respective gates that when the gates are loaded with the the impedances corresponding to the reflection factors, the waves A 1 to A N and B 1 to B N according to magnitude and phase correspond to the values determined under point 2 by calculating the variation.
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Description
- im Mittel eine erhöhte Bündelung der Strahlung in vertikaler Richtung zu Gunsten kleiner Elevationswinkel entsteht und
- dabei möglichst geringe Einzüge des horizontalen Strahlungsdiagramms auftreten,
Dem Fachmann ist bekannt, daß durch Einstellung günstiger Amplituden- und Phasenwerte für die Anregung der Antennenelemente in Gruppenantennen Richtdiagramme gestaltet werden können. Die Aufgabe zur Gestaltung günstiger Amplituden- und Phasenwerte ist von der Fachwelt in der Vergangenheit häufig durch Vorgabe einer Anfangseinstellung dieser Werte erfolgt, welche mit Hilfe von Messungen der Richtdiagramme sukzessive empirisch schrittweise im Sinne der Entwicklung des gewünschten Richtdiagramms verändert wurden. Mit der Verfügbarkeit moderner Rechenanlagen als Hilfsmittel zur Entwicklung von Gruppenantennen kann die erfindungsgemäße Antenne vorteilhaft nach dem im folgenden beschriebenen kombinierten Meß- und Rechenverfahren im Sinne der Lösung der Aufgabe der Erfindung mit günstigen Amplituden- und Phasenwerten für die Anregung der Antennenelemente gestaltet werden. Hierzu wird in drei Schritten vorgegangen:
Um das Richtdiagramm erfassen zu können, wird beispielhaft die Antennenanschlußstelle einer vom Fahrzeug weit ab montierten Meßantenne in allgemeiner Form mit Tor M + 1 bezeichnet. Zur Ermittlung der vom Raumwinkel abhängigen Strahlung, welche für einen niedrigen Elevationswinkel in Abhängigkeit vom Azimutwinkel phi ermittelt werden soll, kann das Fahrzeug z.B. auf eine Drehscheibe gestellt werden. Wie oben geschildert, können somit für die gewünschten Stützstellen des Azimutwinkeis ϕ die Wellenparameter S i ( M +1)(ϕ) für i = 1...M gemessen werden. Beispielhaft wird hier zur Erläuterung der Vorgehensweise die Form der Wellenparametermatrix gewählt. Mit Hilfe eines Netzwerkanalysators werden die komplexen Wellenparameter S 11, S 12, ..., S NN bezüglich der Anschlußtore der auf der geneigten Fensterscheibe nach Fig. 5 angebrachten Antennenelemente meßtechnisch ermittelt. Hierzu wird bei der Messung der Wellenparameter S ik als das Verhältnis der von dem mit dem Wellenwiderstand 7 als Bezugswiderstand der Wellenparameter abgeschlossenen Anschlußtor k weglaufenden Welle B k (rücklaufende Wellen) zu der zum Anschlußtor i hinlaufenden Welle ermittelt. Daraus kann das bekannte Gleichungssystem für hinlaufende Wellen A und rücklaufende Wellen B an den Anschlußtoren 1...N angegeben werden. Somit ergibt sich für jeden Azimutwinkel phi(= ϕ) folgendes Gleichungssystem, welches die einzelnen Richtdiagramme nach Betrag und Phase enthält:
r N +1... r M , deren Beträge im Falle der Blindwiderstandsbeschaltung den Wert eins besitzen, durch folgende Matrix beschrieben:
r N +1,..., r M ergibt sich somit ein bestimmtes G(ϕ, A 1, A 2,..., A N , r N +1,..., r M ).
Claims (6)
- Gruppenantenne aus zwei oder mehr Einzelstrahlern (6), die auf der Außenhaut eines Kraftfahrzeuges (1) angebracht sind und von denen mindestens einer ein primärer Strahler (T1) ist, für Funkverbindungen mit terrestrischen Funkstellen, mit einem Speisenetzwerk (17), das den oder die primären Strahler mit einer Antennenanschlußstelle (5) verbindet,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
zur Erzielung eines gewünschten Richtdiagramms Impedanzen (16) entweder an ausgesuchten Stellen der Strahler (6) in diese eingefügt sind und/oder an den Verbindungsstellen (T1) des bzw. der primären Strahler mit dem Speisenetzwerk und/oder an ausgesuchten Stellen des Speisenetzwerkes (17) eingefügt sind. - Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
daß zumindest einzelne Strahler der Gruppenantenne ganz oder teilweise auf nichtleitenden Flächen der Außenhaut des Kraftfahrzeugs angebracht sind. - Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
ganz oder teilweise auf nichtleitenden Flächen angebrachte Einzelstrahler Stabantennen sind, die ein leitendes auf oder in der nichtleitenden Fläche angebrachtes netzförmiges elektrisches Gegengewicht besitzen, in welches ebenfalls solche Impedanzen eingefügt sind. - Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
ganz oder teilweise auf nichtleitenden Flächen angebrachte Einzelstrahler aus auf oder in der nichtleitenden Fläche liegenden Leitern bestehen und daß in deren Verbindung mit einem leitenden Karosserieteil ebenfalls solche Impedanzen eingefügt sind. - Gruppenantenne nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
das netzförmige elektrische Gegengewicht über solche Impedanzen mit weiteren auf oder in der nicht leitenden Fläche liegenden leitenden Strukturen verbunden ist. - Verfahren zur meßtechnischen Ermittlung der bei einer Gruppenantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 einzufügenden Impedanzen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßa) an den vorgesehenen Einfügungsstellen jeweils eine Anschlußstelle (Tor) gebildet wird,b) diese Tore als Tore eines Strahlernetzwerkes angesehen werden und durch einen Netzwerkanalysator die Zusammenhänge zwischen den elektrischen Größen an diesen Toren nach Betrag und Phase sequentiell bei Speisung jeweils eines Tores und wellenwiderstandsrichtigem Abschluß der übrigen Tore ermittelt werden (Strahlernetzwerk-Wellenparameter-Matrix),c) die Gruppenantenne einer horizontal einfallenden Empfangswelle ausgesetzt wird und durch den Netzwerkanalysator die an den wellenwiderstandsrichtig abgeschlossenen Toren durch diese Welle hervorgerufenen Erregungen für alle Azimutwinkelrichtungen nach Betrag und Phase erfaßt werden (Erregungsmatrix für alle Azimutwinkel),d) daß unter Zugrundelegung der ermittelten Matrix-Werte durch Variationsrechnung die für die Erzielung des gewünschten Richtdiagramms günstigen Amplituden und Phasenwerte an den einzelnen Toren ermittelt werden, woraus sich die jeweils einzufügenden Impedanzen ergeben.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4408744A DE4408744A1 (de) | 1994-03-15 | 1994-03-15 | Gruppenantenne und Verfahren zur meßtechnischen und rechnerischen Ermittlung der Werte von in die Antenne einzufügenden Impedanzen |
DE4408744 | 1994-03-15 | ||
PCT/DE1995/000263 WO1995025358A1 (de) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-03-01 | Gruppenantenne und verfahren zur messtechnischen und rechnerischen ermittlung der werte von in die antenne einzufügenden impedanzen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0698304A1 EP0698304A1 (de) | 1996-02-28 |
EP0698304B1 true EP0698304B1 (de) | 2001-04-18 |
Family
ID=6512836
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95910427A Expired - Lifetime EP0698304B1 (de) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-03-01 | Gruppenantenne und verfahren zur messtechnischen und rechnerischen ermittlung der werte von in die antenne einzufügenden impedanzen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0698304B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4408744A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2156936T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995025358A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19916855A1 (de) | 1999-04-14 | 2000-10-26 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Funktelefonanlage mit Gruppenantenne für Fahrzeuge |
DE20221959U1 (de) | 2002-05-16 | 2009-11-19 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Antennenanordnung |
DE102005033088A1 (de) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-01-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Antennenanordnung |
DE102007056911A1 (de) | 2007-11-26 | 2009-05-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Anordnung und Verfahren , insbesondere für eine Kraftfahrzeug-Scheibenantenne zur Beeinflussung der Richtwirkung |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4034548C2 (de) * | 1989-05-01 | 2003-05-15 | Heinz Lindenmeier | Kraftfahrzeugscheibenantenne für Frequenzen oberhalb des Hochfrequenzbereichs |
JPH04249407A (ja) * | 1991-02-05 | 1992-09-04 | Harada Ind Co Ltd | 自動車用ガラスアンテナ |
DE4318869C2 (de) * | 1993-06-07 | 1997-01-16 | Lindenmeier Heinz | Funkantennen-Anordnung auf der Fensterscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Verfahren zur Ermittlung ihrer Beschaltung |
-
1994
- 1994-03-15 DE DE4408744A patent/DE4408744A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-03-01 ES ES95910427T patent/ES2156936T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-01 WO PCT/DE1995/000263 patent/WO1995025358A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-03-01 DE DE59509201T patent/DE59509201D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-01 EP EP95910427A patent/EP0698304B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1995025358A1 (de) | 1995-09-21 |
EP0698304A1 (de) | 1996-02-28 |
DE59509201D1 (de) | 2001-05-23 |
ES2156936T3 (es) | 2001-08-01 |
DE4408744A1 (de) | 1995-09-21 |
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