EP0697565A1 - Procédé et dispositif de régulation et de surveillance - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de régulation et de surveillance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0697565A1
EP0697565A1 EP95112574A EP95112574A EP0697565A1 EP 0697565 A1 EP0697565 A1 EP 0697565A1 EP 95112574 A EP95112574 A EP 95112574A EP 95112574 A EP95112574 A EP 95112574A EP 0697565 A1 EP0697565 A1 EP 0697565A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
carbon monoxide
sensor
burner
calculated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95112574A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gunar Baier
Harald Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0697565A1 publication Critical patent/EP0697565A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/14—Differentiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating and monitoring the combustion of a furnace according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the firing systems are operated with the best possible ratio of fuel and air.
  • a control unit is provided for this setting.
  • the oxygen content in the agas is determined with a potentiometric or amperometric sensor.
  • the control unit compares the determined oxygen content of the exhaust gas with a predetermined target value, which is stored in it.
  • the amount of air and fuel that is fed to the burner is then set by the control unit.
  • the desired setpoint for the oxygen in the flue gas is set when the combustion system is started up. Its value is determined in such a way that the firing system, which is set to this value manually during commissioning, works with the lowest possible excess air.
  • a tolerance value is added to the oxygen content of the exhaust gas.
  • the resulting amount of oxygen is stored in the control unit in the form of a numerical value.
  • the tolerance value serves as a safety surcharge to prevent the combustion system from being regulated in a state of incomplete combustion.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the state of the furnace cannot be checked in later operation once the setpoint of the oxygen has been set. It can therefore not be ruled out with certainty that the furnace works at this oxygen setpoint in a state of incomplete combustion. The reason for this can be, for example, that the tolerance allowance is not sufficient to compensate for the variations in the combustion conditions, such as environmental influences and the condition of the fuel. In addition, it cannot be ruled out that a malfunction of the combustion system will occur due to a blockage in the burner nozzle.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method with which the occurrence of incomplete combustion can be recognized and the combustion system can be returned to a pollutant-free operation, and to provide a device with which the method can be carried out.
  • the proportion of oxygen contained therein is recorded using at least two different measuring methods.
  • the two measurement signals are converted into numerical values.
  • a deviation of a defined size between these two numerical values serves as an indication of the presence of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas.
  • the air supply to the burner is increased with the help of the control unit until the relative deviation between the two determined numerical values has dropped below the above limit.
  • Two sensors are installed in the flue gas duct of the combustion system to carry out the process.
  • One sensor works according to the potentiometric measuring principle, while the other works according to the amperometric measuring principle.
  • the measurement signals from the two sensors are fed to the control unit. Its signal output is connected to an actuator for controlling the air supply to the burner of the furnace. If the occurrence of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas is determined using the two numerical values, the control unit increases the air supply to the burner until it is returned to an operation with complete combustion, ie the concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas is reduced to such an extent that the relative deviation between the calculated numerical values has dropped below the limit value that is stored in the control unit. Further features essential to the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
  • the sensor 1 shows a furnace 1 with a burner 2, a furnace 3, an exhaust duct 4, two sensors 5 and 6, a control unit 7, an actuator 8 and an air flap 9.
  • the two sensors 5 and 6 are built into the exhaust duct 4, which connects to the furnace 3.
  • the sensor 5 is a potentiometric measuring device, while the sensor 6 is designed as an amperometric measuring device.
  • the sensor 5 has a solid electrolyte tube which is closed on one side (not shown here).
  • the measuring electrode is arranged on its outer surface and the reference electrode is arranged on its inner surface.
  • the solid electrolyte tube is made of stabilized zirconium dioxide.
  • the measuring electrode is made of platinum, while the reference electrode is made of a spinel.
  • the measuring electrode is brought into contact with the exhaust gas to be monitored, while a reference gas is applied to the reference electrode. Air is preferably used as the reference gas. Because the two electrodes are brought into contact with gases of different oxygen concentrations, a potential is formed between the two electrodes. Its size depends logarithmically on the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and can be calculated using the Nernst equation. This applies provided that the gas at the measuring electrode is in equilibrium. However, if carbon monoxide, which has not reacted catalytically with oxygen at the measuring electrode, reaches the gas / measuring electrode / solid electrolyte three-phase boundary, the carbon monoxide reacts there with oxygen ions from the solid electrolyte. This releases electrons.
  • the second sensor 6 also has a solid electrolyte tube made of zirconium dioxide (not shown here). A measuring electrode is likewise arranged on the outer surface of this solid electrolyte tube, while a second electrode is located on the inner surface of the solid electrolyte. A voltage of a predetermined size is applied to these two electrodes. This voltage is preferably about 1 to 1.2 volts. No gas has to be applied to the second electrode.
  • the measuring electrode of the sensor 6 If the measuring electrode of the sensor 6 is brought into contact with the exhaust gas, a current begins to flow between the measuring electrode and the second electrode if oxygen is contained in the exhaust gas. Since the measuring electrode made of platinum is manufactured, this favors the catalytic reaction of the carbon monoxide contained in the exhaust gas with the free oxygen in the exhaust gas. The carbon monoxide, which cannot be burned catalytically, does not lead to an increase in the current flowing between the electrodes in this sensor. The measurement signal from this sensor is determined solely by the remaining oxygen in the exhaust gas. This fact is used to determine an increased proportion of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas. With the help of the control unit 7, the associated numerical values A and P are calculated from the signals of the sensors 5 and 6.
  • the calculated values A and P from the two measurement signals are approximately the same. If the concentration of carbon monoxide increases noticeably, the numerical value P calculated from the measurement signal of the sensor 5 is greater than the numerical value A calculated from the measurement signal of the sensor 6 for the reasons given above. If the relative deviation D between the calculated numerical values A and P exceeds one Limit value G, which is greater than 20%, is interpreted as an indication of the presence of large amounts of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas. It can then be assumed that the concentration of carbon monoxide above this limit is greater than 4000ppm.
  • Fig. 2 shows the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas of a furnace with a residual oxygen between 1% and 4%. At an oxygen concentration of 3.5%, the carbon monoxide content of the exhaust gas is below 100 ppm. At an oxygen concentration that is less than 3.5%, the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas can rise to 1%.
  • FIG. 3 the values A and P of the two sensors 5 and 6 calculated from the measurement signals are shown under the same conditions as in FIG. 2. The values A are plotted along the horizontal axis and the values P along the vertical axis.
  • the new adaptation parameters for converting the voltage signal into the oxygen concentration are then calculated and stored in the control unit. This ensures that deviations of the two sensors 5 and 6 in normal normal operation are actually due to pollutant production in the furnace.
  • the device also has the advantage of self-monitoring. Should one of the sensors 5 and 6 malfunction, it is possible to compensate for differences between the calculated oxygen concentrations by intervening in the control. In this case, the combustion system is regulated in an area with a high excess of air, so that the exhaust gas has no pollutants.
  • the control unit also issues a corresponding error message.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP95112574A 1994-08-16 1995-08-10 Procédé et dispositif de régulation et de surveillance Withdrawn EP0697565A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4428952A DE4428952C2 (de) 1994-08-16 1994-08-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung und Überwachung der Verbrennung einer Feuerungsanlage
DE4428952 1994-08-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0697565A1 true EP0697565A1 (fr) 1996-02-21

Family

ID=6525763

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95112574A Withdrawn EP0697565A1 (fr) 1994-08-16 1995-08-10 Procédé et dispositif de régulation et de surveillance

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0697565A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4428952C2 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2336637A1 (fr) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-22 ABB Research Ltd. Système et procédé associé de surveillance et de contrôle d'une centrale électrique
AT511316A1 (de) * 2011-03-01 2012-10-15 Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum überwachen eines brenngas-luft-verbundes insbesondere eines heizgerätes
EP2423594A3 (fr) * 2010-08-27 2014-12-10 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'un dispositif combustible-air, notamment d'un appareil de chauffage
EP2300748B1 (fr) 2008-04-22 2016-10-26 Basf Se Procédé de régulation de l'ajout d'un combustible supplémentaire
EP3214370A1 (fr) * 2016-03-01 2017-09-06 Hochschule Karlsruhe Technik und Wirtschaft Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides organiques
CN111121872A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-05-08 液化空气(中国)投资有限公司 一种能够实时监控、调节炉内燃烧状况的装置和方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2022263A (en) * 1978-05-31 1979-12-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Oxygen/combustibles monitoring device
GB2202053A (en) * 1987-03-09 1988-09-14 Yokogawa Electric Corp Apparatus for measuring combustible gas concentration in flue gas
EP0517364A2 (fr) * 1991-06-07 1992-12-09 Ford Motor Company Limited Dispositif de détection des hydrocarbures et du monoxyde de carbone

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3526384A1 (de) * 1985-07-24 1987-02-12 Bieler & Lang Gmbh Verfahren und anordnung zur feinregulierung des brennstoffmengenstromes an brennerbetriebenen feuerungsanlagen durch messung des restsauerstoffes und des kohlenmonoxidgehaltes in den abgasen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2022263A (en) * 1978-05-31 1979-12-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Oxygen/combustibles monitoring device
GB2202053A (en) * 1987-03-09 1988-09-14 Yokogawa Electric Corp Apparatus for measuring combustible gas concentration in flue gas
EP0517364A2 (fr) * 1991-06-07 1992-12-09 Ford Motor Company Limited Dispositif de détection des hydrocarbures et du monoxyde de carbone

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ANNINO ET AL.: "A STACK PROBE FOR THE ANALYS OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND OXYGEN", ISA TRANSACTIONS, vol. 25, no. 2, PITTSBURGH US, pages 7 - 17, XP001419749 *
VISSER J H ET AL: "SENSORS FOR MEASURING COMBUSTIBLES IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN", SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B, vol. B09, no. 3, 1 October 1992 (1992-10-01), pages 233 - 239, XP000336299 *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2300748B1 (fr) 2008-04-22 2016-10-26 Basf Se Procédé de régulation de l'ajout d'un combustible supplémentaire
EP2336637A1 (fr) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-22 ABB Research Ltd. Système et procédé associé de surveillance et de contrôle d'une centrale électrique
WO2011072995A1 (fr) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-23 Abb Research Ltd Système et procédé correspondant pour surveiller et commander une centrale électrique
CN102639937A (zh) * 2009-12-14 2012-08-15 Abb研究有限公司 用于监测和控制电厂的系统和关联的方法
CN102639937B (zh) * 2009-12-14 2015-04-01 Abb研究有限公司 用于监测和控制电厂的系统和关联的方法
RU2558177C2 (ru) * 2009-12-14 2015-07-27 Абб Рисерч Лтд Система и связанный с ней способ контроля и управления электростанцией
EP2423594A3 (fr) * 2010-08-27 2014-12-10 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et dispositif de surveillance d'un dispositif combustible-air, notamment d'un appareil de chauffage
AT511316A1 (de) * 2011-03-01 2012-10-15 Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum überwachen eines brenngas-luft-verbundes insbesondere eines heizgerätes
AT511316B1 (de) * 2011-03-01 2013-01-15 Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum überwachen eines brenngas-luft-verbundes insbesondere eines heizgerätes
EP3214370A1 (fr) * 2016-03-01 2017-09-06 Hochschule Karlsruhe Technik und Wirtschaft Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides organiques
CN111121872A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-05-08 液化空气(中国)投资有限公司 一种能够实时监控、调节炉内燃烧状况的装置和方法
EP4092390A4 (fr) * 2019-12-27 2024-02-14 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Appareil et procédé permettant la surveillance et le réglage d'un état de combustion dans un four en temps réel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4428952C2 (de) 1998-07-09
DE4428952A1 (de) 1996-02-22

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