EP0696782A1 - Capteur optique de force compressive - Google Patents

Capteur optique de force compressive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0696782A1
EP0696782A1 EP95112610A EP95112610A EP0696782A1 EP 0696782 A1 EP0696782 A1 EP 0696782A1 EP 95112610 A EP95112610 A EP 95112610A EP 95112610 A EP95112610 A EP 95112610A EP 0696782 A1 EP0696782 A1 EP 0696782A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light detector
optical waveguide
modes
optical
pressure force
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95112610A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0696782B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dr. Fasshauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marinitsch Waldemar
Original Assignee
Marinitsch Waldemar
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Publication date
Application filed by Marinitsch Waldemar filed Critical Marinitsch Waldemar
Publication of EP0696782A1 publication Critical patent/EP0696782A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0696782B1 publication Critical patent/EP0696782B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/10—Mechanical actuation by pressure on floors, floor coverings, stair treads, counters, or tills

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical pressure force detection device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a pressure force detection device is known from DE GM 9 111 359.
  • Optical pressure force detection devices with an optical waveguide arranged in a contact mat serve, inter alia, as optical alarm devices which perceive a change in a compressive force on the contact mat, for example the entry of a contact mat by a person or the removal of an object standing on the contact mat and trigger a corresponding alarm signal, but also as pressure measuring devices, for example weighing devices, with which the weight of an object arranged on the contact mat can be determined.
  • Such pressure force detection devices work on a physical principle, for example in Thomas G. Giallorenzi et al. "Optical Fiber Sensor Technology” in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Volume QE-18, No. 4, April 1982.
  • a pressure force on the contact mat or, if necessary, the decrease of a pressure force on the contact mat causes a change in the state of curvature of the optical waveguide, which in turn leads to a change in the transmission of the light from the light source to the light detector.
  • This change in the light passing through the optical waveguide, which is detected by the light detector is evaluated and, depending on the field of application, converted into an alarm signal or a measurement signal.
  • One possibility, which is also provided in the pressure force detection device according to the preamble of claim 1, is to periodically structure the contact mat on the inside on at least one side of the optical waveguide in the direction of the pressure force, so that the compressive force lying on the contact mat at periodically spaced locations on the optical waveguide is transmitted and this is periodically curved.
  • Another possibility of the periodic curvature of the optical waveguide is to wrap the optical waveguide with a metallic helix which is guided in a spiral around the optical waveguide with a constant pitch.
  • the pressure force on the contact mat is transmitted to the optical fiber via the helix, as a result of which the latter is periodically curved.
  • the optical waveguide which generally consists of an optical fiber
  • the respective sensitivity is determined by the degree of deformation of the optical waveguide and the resulting loss of the light traveling in the optical waveguide.
  • the object underlying the invention is to design an optical pressure force detection device according to the preamble of claim 1 so that it has a higher sensitivity.
  • the design according to the invention is based on the idea that a higher sensitivity can be achieved if the mode coupling is used to detect the compressive force, which consists in the fact that when the optical waveguide is curved, the light energy changes from modes with a lower atomic number to modes with a higher atomic number without that a change in the total transmitted light energy, ie a real loss occurs.
  • the result of the mode coupling is that the far field distribution of the light emerging from the optical waveguide widens when an applied pressure force is applied to the contact mat. Since the total energy is retained, an evaluation of the entire mode field would not lead to a distinction between loading and unloading the optical waveguide.
  • the light detector is designed and arranged such that only the radiation field in the vicinity of the modes of low atomic number is evaluated, so that the considerable change in the partial energy in this area, depending on the presence of a compressive force on the contact mat and thus on the optical waveguide, is determined and can be evaluated.
  • the pressure force detection device with the design according to the invention has the desired high sensitivity.
  • the optical pressure force detection device shown in the drawing represents in particular an optical alarm device with an optical touch sensor in the form of an optical waveguide made of an optical fiber 1, which is embedded in a contact mat 2, for example made of a rubber or plastic material.
  • the optical fiber 1 can be loop-shaped be arranged over a given surface area in the contact mat 2, so that when this is laid on a floor surface to be secured, a pressure force is exerted on the optical fiber 1 when the contact mat is entered.
  • the contact mat 2 on one side of the optical fiber 1 in the direction of the applied compressive force in this case is periodically structured on the underside of the optical fiber 1, i.e. provided with a wave profile 3, so that a pressure force lying on the contact mat leads to a corresponding periodic curvature of the optical fiber 1.
  • the contact mat 2 can also be provided on the inside on both opposite sides in the direction of the pressure force with corresponding profiles 3, 4, which further increases the sensitivity.
  • the contact mat 2 expediently consists of two mat parts, between which the optical fiber 1 is laid. This training is easy to manufacture and involves low costs.
  • Periodic pressure points on the optical fiber can also be formed by a corresponding layer, for example a grid-shaped layer, on which the optical fiber e.g. is arranged by sewing. Any layer generating pressure points is suitable. Such a layer can in turn be arranged between two flat mats.
  • the arrangement shown in Figures 1a and 1b is arranged between a light source, for example a light emitting diode or a laser diode and a light detector, so that the light emitted by the light source, for example in the form of light pulses, passes through the optical fiber 1 and from the light detector at the output of the optical one Fiber 1 is detected.
  • the output signals of the light detector are on an evaluation device.
  • the top of one of the mats can be made of a rubber-like material with a large number of small plates Pressure transmission to the optical fiber must be occupied, with each plate distributing the partial weight on its load over a stretch of the fiber, the length of which is determined by the plate size. Therefore, the smaller the plate area, the lower the signal voltage supplied by the light detector at the same weight load, since this load acts on a shorter fiber path. If the total weight load G is made up of individual partial weights G i , as is the case, for example, with a load by several people, then the signal voltage resulting from a partial weight in the plate arrangement is lower than if this partial weight were to be applied to the entire mat surface. This leads to an advantageous linearization and extension of the signal voltage-load characteristic.
  • the optical fiber 1 is a multimode fiber with step profile, i.e. an optical fiber, the refractive index of which changes stepwise between the core and the cladding, in contrast to an optical fiber with a gradient profile, which is usually used in known pressure force detection devices and in which the refractive index changes continuously.
  • This has the advantage that when the periodic structuring, i.e. 1a and 1b, larger tolerances are permissible, since there is no sharp resonance for the sensitivity, which can only be achieved if a certain period length is strictly observed, as is the case when using a multimode fiber with a gradient profile Case is.
  • Equation (5) shows that with a complete mode coupling, a different period length l p is required for each mode m, which is greater the lower the atomic number of the mode in question.
  • the light source for example a laser diode
  • the optical waveguide namely the optical fiber 1
  • this light pulse travels through the optical fiber 1 to the output of the optical fiber 1, to which, for example, a photodiode is attached as the light detector.
  • the light emerging from the optical fiber 1 has a far field distribution P ( ⁇ ), which is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the illustration of Fig. 2 relates to a certain loading condition of the contact mat, i.e. the optical fiber, which can be the unloaded state, for example. If due to an increasing load, i.e. An increasing compressive force on the contact mat causes a curvature of the optical fiber 1, then the mode coupling described above occurs, which leads to the fact that the far field distribution P ( ⁇ ) changes as shown in Fig. 2b. 2b shows that the field has widened while its maximum value has decreased, but the total power of all modes remains constant.
  • the partial power then recorded shows considerable changes depending on the load condition and comprises 40% to 80%, preferably about 60% of the modes.
  • the detection range can start at about 20% of the modes of the total radiation field.
  • FIG. 3 shows the difference between the power received by the light detector, ie the photodiode, when the optical fiber 1 is loaded and unloaded as a function of an angle ⁇ o, which is caused by the distance d of the photodiode from the end of the optical fiber 1 certain aperture is given.
  • 4 shows: As shown in Fig. 3, the photodiode 5 is formed and arranged so that it covers an opening angle 2 ⁇ o, which includes the modes of low atomic number. This can be achieved by an appropriate setting of the distance d to the fiber end and an appropriate choice of the width D of the photodiode 5.
  • the aperture of the receiving device is dependent on the numerical aperture A N of the optical waveguide system.
  • the optimal value is obtained if the following applies according to FIG. 4: ⁇ o ⁇ arc sin A N
  • Adequate sensitivity of the arrangement is obtained if ⁇ o is approximately in the range from 0.8 to 1.2 arc sin A N , ie correspondingly in the distance range lies.
  • the use of a laser diode as the light source with the correspondingly narrow radiation characteristic is particularly preferred, since only modes of relatively low atomic numbers are excited, as a result of which the radiation power in the far field is concentrated over a narrow angular range. This increases the difference in the distribution of the far field when loading and unloading, and further increases the sensitivity of the device.
  • the periodic curvature of the optical fiber 1 under a load i.e. A force exerted on the contact mat 2 can also be achieved by laying the optical fiber 1 in the contact mat 2 in such a way that it intersects at periodically spaced locations, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the load on the contact mat 2 at the crossing points is transferred from one intersecting fiber part to the other fiber part, as a result of which the latter is curved in the desired manner.
  • the contact mat 2 itself can be unprofiled.
  • the pressure force detection devices described above can not only be used to signal the entry of the contact mat by a person, it is also possible to reduce the pressure force, for example the removal of an object, by correspondingly comparing the evaluation device in a loaded state from the contact mat, and to provide a corresponding output signal.
  • the pressure force detection device can also be arranged in museums and galleries on the walls on which paintings are hung, so that the removal of a painting and thus the reduction of the pressure otherwise present triggers a corresponding output signal, for example an alarm signal.
  • the sensitivity is such that changes in the compressive force of approximately 1 g per 1 m fiber length can already be detected. Such a device is therefore suitable as theft protection, object protection and the like. But it can also be used to determine the weight of an object that is placed on the contact mat.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
EP95112610A 1994-08-12 1995-08-10 Capteur optique de force compressive Expired - Lifetime EP0696782B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4428650 1994-08-12
DE4428650A DE4428650A1 (de) 1994-08-12 1994-08-12 Optische Druckkrafterfassungsvorrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0696782A1 true EP0696782A1 (fr) 1996-02-14
EP0696782B1 EP0696782B1 (fr) 1999-04-14

Family

ID=6525576

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95112610A Expired - Lifetime EP0696782B1 (fr) 1994-08-12 1995-08-10 Capteur optique de force compressive

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5604318A (fr)
EP (1) EP0696782B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE179010T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2155892C (fr)
DE (2) DE4428650A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009046408A1 (de) 2009-11-04 2011-05-12 Waldemar Marinitsch Kraftsensor
DE102009055121A1 (de) 2009-12-22 2011-06-30 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Sensierendes Flächenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102009055124A1 (de) 2009-12-22 2011-06-30 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Sensierendes Flächenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
EP2602069A1 (fr) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-12 Mayser GmbH & Co. KG Protection contre la collision

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US5913245A (en) * 1997-07-07 1999-06-15 Grossman; Barry G. Flexible optical fiber sensor tapes, systems and methods
US6442316B1 (en) * 2000-12-21 2002-08-27 Alcatel Stress sensor based on periodically inserted color-changing tactile films to detect mishandling of fiber optic cables
DE10162412A1 (de) 2001-12-19 2003-07-10 Kuka Roboter Gmbh Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Sichern von Vorrichtungen mit frei im Raum beweglichen Teilen
DE10251085B4 (de) * 2002-10-29 2004-12-09 Decoma (Germany) Gmbh Mehrschichtiger Sensor
GB0322859D0 (en) * 2003-09-30 2003-10-29 British Telecomm Communication
US7667849B2 (en) * 2003-09-30 2010-02-23 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Optical sensor with interferometer for sensing external physical disturbance of optical communications link
US6983961B2 (en) * 2003-10-22 2006-01-10 Aduana Jr Efren B Necktie-knotting device and method
GB0407386D0 (en) * 2004-03-31 2004-05-05 British Telecomm Monitoring a communications link
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US7848645B2 (en) 2004-09-30 2010-12-07 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Identifying or locating waveguides
ATE498954T1 (de) 2004-12-17 2011-03-15 British Telecomm Netzwerkbeurteilung
GB0427733D0 (en) * 2004-12-17 2005-01-19 British Telecomm Optical system
WO2006086483A2 (fr) * 2005-02-09 2006-08-17 The Colonie Group Capteurs de securite a fibres optiques, systemes et procedes associes
GB0504579D0 (en) * 2005-03-04 2005-04-13 British Telecomm Communications system
US7697795B2 (en) * 2005-03-04 2010-04-13 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Acoustic modulation
EP1708388A1 (fr) 2005-03-31 2006-10-04 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Communication d'information
JPWO2006109693A1 (ja) * 2005-04-08 2008-11-13 エーザイ・アール・アンド・ディー・マネジメント株式会社 粘性試料のサンプリング器具、喀痰の均質化処理方法及び微生物の検出方法
EP1713301A1 (fr) * 2005-04-14 2006-10-18 BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company Procédé et dispositif pour communiquer du son sur une liaison optique
EP1729096A1 (fr) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-06 BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company Méthode et dispositif de détermination de la position d'une perturbation dans une fibre optique
JP2007064716A (ja) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-15 Hitachi Cable Ltd 衝突検知センサ
JP4732840B2 (ja) * 2005-09-06 2011-07-27 日立電線株式会社 衝撃検知光ファイバセンサ、応力集中板及びその製造方法
EP1826924A1 (fr) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-29 BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company Sensation d'une perturbation
WO2007096579A1 (fr) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 British Telecommunications Public Limited Company Détection d'une perturbation
EP1989797B1 (fr) * 2006-02-24 2011-04-13 BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company Détection d'une perturbation
CA2647173A1 (fr) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-11 British Telecommunications Public Company Limited Evaluation de la position d'une perturbation
DE102006019595B3 (de) * 2006-04-27 2007-12-13 Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft Gefahrenbereichsabsicherung an einem Rollenwechsler mit einer Trittmatte
US20080071180A1 (en) * 2006-05-24 2008-03-20 Tarilian Laser Technologies, Limited Vital Sign Detection Method and Measurement Device
US8360985B2 (en) * 2006-05-24 2013-01-29 Tarilian Laser Technologies, Limited Optical vital sign detection method and measurement device
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US11933600B2 (en) 2018-12-04 2024-03-19 Ofs Fitel, Llc High resolution distributed sensor utilizing offset core optical fiber
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009046408A1 (de) 2009-11-04 2011-05-12 Waldemar Marinitsch Kraftsensor
DE102009055121A1 (de) 2009-12-22 2011-06-30 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Sensierendes Flächenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102009055124A1 (de) 2009-12-22 2011-06-30 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Sensierendes Flächenelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
EP2602069A1 (fr) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-12 Mayser GmbH & Co. KG Protection contre la collision

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE179010T1 (de) 1999-04-15
CA2155892C (fr) 2002-07-02
CA2155892A1 (fr) 1996-02-13
US5604318A (en) 1997-02-18
DE59505633D1 (de) 1999-05-20
DE4428650A1 (de) 1996-02-15
EP0696782B1 (fr) 1999-04-14

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