EP0692288A1 - Bindung für Alpinski - Google Patents

Bindung für Alpinski Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0692288A1
EP0692288A1 EP95108549A EP95108549A EP0692288A1 EP 0692288 A1 EP0692288 A1 EP 0692288A1 EP 95108549 A EP95108549 A EP 95108549A EP 95108549 A EP95108549 A EP 95108549A EP 0692288 A1 EP0692288 A1 EP 0692288A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
support plate
shoe
axis
movable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95108549A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0692288B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-François Merino
Pierre Desarmaux
Pascal Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salomon SAS
Original Assignee
Salomon SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Salomon SAS filed Critical Salomon SAS
Publication of EP0692288A1 publication Critical patent/EP0692288A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0692288B1 publication Critical patent/EP0692288B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08507—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a plurality of mobile jaws
    • A63C9/08521—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable with a plurality of mobile jaws pivoting about a vertical axis, e.g. side release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/001—Anti-friction devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/0805—Adjustment of the toe or heel holders; Indicators therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08557—Details of the release mechanism
    • A63C9/08571—Details of the release mechanism using axis and lever
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08557—Details of the release mechanism
    • A63C9/08578—Details of the release mechanism using a plurality of biasing elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/08—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings
    • A63C9/085—Ski bindings yieldable or self-releasing in the event of an accident, i.e. safety bindings with sole hold-downs, e.g. swingable
    • A63C9/08592—Structure or making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an alpine ski binding element, intended to retain a boot bearing on a ski, and to release it in the event of excessive stress.
  • Each retaining element usually has a jaw carried by a body which is movable against the restoring force exerted by an energy spring, generally a compression spring.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a front fixing element.
  • the front binding element reacts to a lateral stress on the front end of the shoe. Such stress results from a stress in pure torsion on the skier's leg.
  • Certain fastening elements have a compensation mechanism which reacts in the event of torsional stress combined with a forward fall of the skier.
  • a compensation mechanism which reacts in the event of torsional stress combined with a forward fall of the skier.
  • This mechanism comprises a support plate for the shoe which is vertically movable, the movement of which is caused by a vertical pressure downwards on the shoe lowers the restoring force that the spring exerts on the jaw.
  • the currently existing fastening elements also have a device allowing this element to be adapted to different thicknesses of the sole. shoe.
  • an adjustment range of the order of 2 mm is adopted which corresponds to the thickness tolerance of a shoe sole according to DIN 7880 standard.
  • This fastening element has the advantage that the shoe support pedal both ensures the function of adaptation to the thickness of the sole, and at the same time controls the compensation mechanism.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to further improve this type of fastening element by allowing easier release of the shoe, in particular in certain types of falls.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a fastening element whose construction is simple.
  • the body carries a shoe retaining jaw, the jaw being movable at least in part and at least in a lateral direction in response to the stresses on the shoe, against the restoring force of a spring housed in the body.
  • the element comprises a compensation means for lowering the restoring force that the spring exerts on the jaw in response to a force exerted on a lever articulated relative to the body or at the base, and it also has a support plate provided for receiving the shoe sole,
  • the support plate is movable in lateral tilting around a tilting axis oriented substantially in a vertical and longitudinal plane, that the support plate is in support on each side of the axis of tilting on mobile connection means whose front end rests in simple support on the compensation means, that the tilting axis of the plate is movable in a vertical direction over a limited amplitude, that an elastic return means recalls resiliently the plate in the raised position.
  • the compensation mechanism decreases the force that the jaw opposes to the opening, and therefore compensates for the increase in friction induced by the twisting of the shoe.
  • the support plate is returned to the raised position by a spring which exerts its action on the connecting means connecting the support plate and the compensation mechanism.
  • the support plate is maintained in a horizontal position, without play, by the connecting means, in particular in the absence of a shoe.
  • Figure 1 is a general side view, in partial section, of a fastening element according to a non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view, in partial section of the fixing element of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 shows two half top views of the fastener of Figure 1 with different planes of section.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the element of Figure 1 at the support device of the shoe.
  • Figure 5 is a bottom view of the support plate.
  • Figure 6 is a side view in longitudinal section of the shoe support device.
  • FIGS 7 and 8 illustrate the different operating phases of the device of Figure 6.
  • Figures 9 and 10 relate to an alternative embodiment.
  • the front fixing element 1 represented in FIGS. 1 to 3 is essentially known from the French patent application published under the number FR 2 640 516.
  • the base has a "U" shape open towards the rear, with two lateral branches 3a and 3b.
  • the body is movable vertically relative to the base by a deformable link, located in zone 9 at the junction between the body and the base.
  • the body and the base are connected continuously by this deformable zone and form a one-piece element.
  • the body 2 carries a jaw 4 for retaining the front end of the shoe.
  • the jaw 4 comprises two lateral retaining wings 5 and 6, respectively articulated to the body 2 around axes 7 and 8.
  • the jaw 4 also includes a sole clamp 12 for vertical retention of the shoe.
  • the wings 5 and 6 are movable in response to the stresses of the shoe, against the restoring force applied to them by a spring 15.
  • the spring 15 is housed in the body. It actuates a piston 16 also housed and guided in the body for a longitudinal translational movement.
  • the figures show that the piston is housed and guided in a housing 17 of the body, and that the spring is engaged inside the piston. Its front end bears against the bottom of the piston, located on the front side of the fixing element.
  • a screw 20, the head of which is retained at the front of the body moreover passes through the piston and the spring, and has a nut 21 towards the rear which retains the rear end of the spring.
  • a rotation of the screw drives the spring in translation, which makes it possible to adjust the initial compression of the spring.
  • the wings 5 and 6 have, beyond their axis of articulation to the body 7 and 8, a small arm 5a, 6a, which drives the piston 16 towards the rear, bearing against a shoulder 23 situated in the upper rear part of the piston 16.
  • the element 1 also has a compensation mechanism which reduces the restoring force that the spring 15 exerts on the wings 5 and 6.
  • This mechanism comprises a rocker 30 which is partly housed between the branches 3a and 3b of the base 3.
  • the rocker is articulated around an axis 32 carried by these branches.
  • the rocker 30 has an approximately horizontal arm 33 which is accessible on the rear of the fixing element between the branches 3a and 3b of the base.
  • the arm 33 offers rearward support for a control pedal. This pedal will be described in more detail later.
  • the rocker 30 also has an approximately vertical arm formed by two lateral pads which pass on each side of the piston 16, and which each carry on a shoulder 37 which the piston presents under the shoulder 23 of the wings. Only the pad 35 is visible in the figures.
  • the compensation mechanism also has a connecting rod 36 which connects the rocker 30 to the rear part of the body 2.
  • the articulation of the rod 36 to the rocker 30 is located in front of the axis 32.
  • the rod transmits to the rocker 30, and therefore to the piston 16, the elevation movements of the body which occur in particular when the shoe is vertically stressed in the jaw.
  • the fastening element 1 also comprises a support device 40 for the front end of the shoe sole.
  • the support device has a support plate 41 on which the shoe sole rests.
  • the plate 41 can be equipped in its upper part with any suitable coating intended to facilitate lateral sliding of the shoe, for example a PTFE plate. It has a width which is of the order of the width of the ski at this level.
  • the plate 41 is carried by an axis 42 oriented in a longitudinal direction and approximately horizontal. The plate 41 can tilt around this axis on one side or the other.
  • the pin 41 is mounted in a bearing formed by studs 43, 44, integral with a base 39 which is integrally connected to the base 3.
  • the base extends the base 3 towards the rear 3. Any other suitable arrangement could also suitable, and for example, the base could form a one-piece assembly with the base.
  • the studs 43 and 44 which carry the axis 41 allow movement of the axis 42, for a limited amplitude, in a longitudinal and vertical plane.
  • the front stud 43 has for the axis 42 an oblong orifice 45 whose large dimension is directed vertically.
  • the front stud 44 retains the other end of the axis 42 without vertical movement, but it is provided to allow movement of the axis 42 in the oblong hole 45 of the stud 43.
  • Connecting means also connect the plate 41 to the rocker 30. These means transmit the rocking movement of the plate around the axis 41 in the form of a vertical force exerted downwards on the arm 33 of the rocker 30.
  • the connecting means comprise a rod 48 bent in an approximate shape of "U" whose branches 46 and 47 pass under the plate 41, on either side of the axis 42 , and converge towards the rocker 30.
  • the rod 48 is held in a housing formed by a lug 49 secured to the base 45.
  • the branches of the rod can oscillate around the area defined by this housing.
  • the rod 48 has a flattened area in the middle. This zone facilitates the positioning and circulation of the axis 42.
  • the rod 48 is made of spring steel, or of a material having a certain elasticity. This improves the transmission to the rocker 30 of the rocking movement of the plate 41.
  • the plate 41 has on its lower face, on each side of the axis 42, a support zone for each of the branches 46, 47.
  • this support zone is formed by a stud 51, 52, projecting down. In this way, the contact area is precisely located, even during the tilting movements of the plate.
  • the branches 46 and 47 of the rod are provided to come to rest freely on the arm 33 of the rocker 30, behind the axis 32, in a vertical direction downwards.
  • a spring 54 also recalls upwards the front end of the branches 46 and 47.
  • the spring 54 is a compression spring disposed between the base 45 and the front end of the branches 46 and 47.
  • the spring 54 is relatively stiff, and it is provided to raise the front end of the arms 46 and 47 well above the arm 33 of the rocker.
  • the plate 41 is movable around the axis 42.
  • the plate and the axis are movable vertically along a trajectory and an amplitude defined mainly by the oblong orifice 45.
  • the plate is also supported by studs 51 and 52 on the branches 46 and 47 which ensure the connection with the rocker 30 of the compensation means, and the branches are movable downwards against the restoring force opposed by a spring 54.
  • the spring 54 pushes the branches 46 and 47 upwards. These branches, in turn, drive the plate 41 and its hinge pin 42 upwards. It is the oblong orifice 45 which limits the upward movement. of plate and branches. The dimensions and position of this orifice are provided so that, at rest, the end before the branches rises above the rocker at a distance corresponding substantially to the thickness tolerance presented by the ski boot soles, ie 2 millimeters. However, this value is in no way limiting.
  • the dimensions and the position of the orifice 45 are also provided so that the end of the axis 42 reaches the lower end of the oblong orifice 45 when the front end of the branches 46 and 47 comes into contact with the arm 33 of the rocker.
  • the operation of the support device is as follows. In the absence of a shoe, the spring 54 pushes the branches 46 and 47 upwards, as well as the plate 41 and the axis 42. The front end of the branches is raised well above the horizontal arm 33 of the rocker. The plate is urged upwards by the branches, but retained by its axis 42 inside the housing 45. As a result, it is held without play in a horizontal seat. This position is illustrated in Figure 6.
  • the support plate When the shoe is engaged, the support plate lowers until the front end of the arms 46 and 47 comes to bear on the arm 33 of the rocker 30.
  • the spring 54 provides elastic resistance to this movement.
  • the support plate remains substantially horizontal, and the front end of the plate describes the oblong orifice 45 in a vertical direction.
  • the axis 42 rests on the lower end of the orifice 45 at the moment when the branches 46 and 47 come to bear on the rocker 30. This operating phase is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the plate can no longer move downwards except by tilting around the axis 42, in response to the lateral tilting stresses that the front of the shoe exerts on the plate.
  • the tilting of the plate 41 around the axis 42 causes the lowering of one or the other of the branches 46 or 47.
  • the stressed branch transmits its force to the arm 33 of the rocker 30 which pivots in the direction of a compensation, that is to say in the direction corresponding to a retraction of the piston and a compression of the spring 15. This operating phase is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the spring 54 recalls upwards the plate and the branches 46 and 47, that is to say above the arm 33 of the rocker 30.
  • the plate is found held without play in the horizontal position by the branches 46 and 47, since it is moreover retained by its axis 42. This avoids any jolting which could occur during handling of the fixing element. Such brimbalement would cause wear premature support device. It would also damage the confidence that a less expert user could have a priori towards such a fastening element.
  • the invention is not limited to the construction which has just been described.
  • the connecting means could have another nature.
  • the rod 48 shaped by folding could be replaced by a plate articulated in its rear part in the region of the lug 49 and perforated in its central part for the passage of the axis 42.
  • the support plate 41 would then be in support against this plate on each side of the axis 42.
  • the spring 54 could be replaced by another elastic return means, for example a torsion spring which would act on the branches 46 and 47.
  • the spring could also be formed by a loop stem center 48 '.
  • the rod 48 'could indeed have a "W" shape, the central loop 60 of which would form an angle with the lateral branches. This central loop would be in abutment against the base 45, and the return energy would then come from the twisting of the wire.
  • the ends of the branches 46 ′ and 47 ′ would be located directly above the arm 33 of the rocker 30. If necessary, the middle of the central loop 60 could have a flattened part to facilitate the circulation of the axis 42.
  • the articulation axis 42 of the plate 41 could also be slightly offset in position or in orientation, relative to the median longitudinal direction defined by the ski, so as to create a slight asymmetry in the action of the compensation means.
  • the fixing element of the other foot would have a symmetrical offset.

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  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
EP95108549A 1994-07-13 1995-06-03 Bindung für Alpinski Expired - Lifetime EP0692288B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9408940A FR2722421B1 (fr) 1994-07-13 1994-07-13 Element de fixation de ski alpin
FR9408940 1994-07-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0692288A1 true EP0692288A1 (de) 1996-01-17
EP0692288B1 EP0692288B1 (de) 1998-05-13

Family

ID=9465546

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95108549A Expired - Lifetime EP0692288B1 (de) 1994-07-13 1995-06-03 Bindung für Alpinski

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5722681A (de)
EP (1) EP0692288B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0838673A (de)
AT (1) ATE165989T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69502446T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2722421B1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0769312A1 (de) * 1995-10-20 1997-04-23 Salomon S.A. Skischuhträgerplatte zum Verbinden mit einem Rückhalteelement
EP0785002A1 (de) * 1996-01-19 1997-07-23 Salomon S.A. Bindungssystem für Schuhe auf Skis
EP0807453A1 (de) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-19 Salomon S.A. Vorderbackensystem für Schuhe auf Skis
EP0934763A1 (de) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-11 Salomon S.A. Vorderbacken einer Skibindung

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2731161B1 (fr) * 1995-03-03 1997-05-16 Salomon Sa Plaque d'appui pour element de fixation de ski
FR2803533B1 (fr) * 2000-01-07 2002-04-05 Look Fixations Sa Dispositif d'appui pour l'avant d'une chaussure de ski sur un ski
US6485035B1 (en) 2000-04-28 2002-11-26 The Burton Corporation Binding baseplate for a gliding board
FR2808453B1 (fr) * 2000-05-04 2002-08-02 Salomon Sa Element de retenue de l'avant d'une chaussure sur un ski
FR2816850B1 (fr) * 2000-11-22 2003-02-28 Look Fixations Sa Dispositif d'appui d'une chaussure sur un ski
EP1866041B1 (de) * 2005-02-14 2014-06-04 Vermont Safety Developments Skibindung mit dynamisch variabler ansteigender fersenfreigabeschwelle
US7523953B2 (en) * 2006-08-08 2009-04-28 Vermont Safety Developments Alpine ski binding system having release logic for inhibiting anterior cruciate ligament injury
AT506526B1 (de) * 2008-02-29 2012-07-15 Atomic Austria Gmbh Vorderbacken einer sicherheitsschibindung
FR2960440B1 (fr) * 2010-05-26 2013-08-02 Salomon Sas Fixation de randonnee pour la pratique du ski de randonnee
FR2966747B1 (fr) * 2010-10-29 2013-01-11 Salomon Sas Fixation de securite pour la pratique du ski.
USD820933S1 (en) 2016-05-04 2018-06-19 Salomon S.A.S. Ski binding
USD820932S1 (en) 2016-05-04 2018-06-19 Salomon S.A.S. Ski binding

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991008808A1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1991-06-27 Salomon S.A. Fixation de securite de ski alpin
FR2656225A1 (fr) * 1989-12-27 1991-06-28 Salomon Sa Dispositif d'appui, sur un ski, de la partie anterieure de la semelle d'une chaussure.
EP0634197A1 (de) * 1993-07-13 1995-01-18 Salomon S.A. Bindungselement für einen alpinen Ski

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT352599B (de) * 1977-02-23 1979-09-25 Tyrolia Freizeitgeraete Sicherheitsskibindung
FR2523857A1 (fr) * 1982-03-25 1983-09-30 Salomon & Fils F Fixation de securite pour ski
FR2533833A1 (fr) * 1982-10-04 1984-04-06 Salomon & Fils F Fixation de securite pour ski
FR2537442A1 (fr) * 1982-12-13 1984-06-15 Salomon & Fils F Fixation de securite pour ski
FR2624386B1 (fr) * 1987-12-09 1995-07-21 Salomon Sa Fixation de securite pour ski
FR2624387B1 (fr) * 1987-12-09 1990-04-06 Salomon Sa Fixation de securite pour ski
FR2640516B1 (fr) * 1988-12-16 1991-03-29 Salomon Sa Fixation de securite pour ski destinee a maintenir, de facon declenchable, l'avant d'une chaussure montee sur le ski
FR2655868B1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1992-11-27 Salomon Sa Fixation de securite de ski alpin.
FR2694206B1 (fr) * 1992-07-31 1994-09-02 Salomon Sa Fixation de sécurité pour ski.
FR2709073B1 (fr) * 1993-08-18 1995-10-27 Salomon Sa Elément de fixation de ski alpin.
FR2715862B1 (fr) * 1994-02-09 1996-05-31 Salomon Sa Elément de fixation de ski alpin équipé d'un dispositif de compensation.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991008808A1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1991-06-27 Salomon S.A. Fixation de securite de ski alpin
FR2656225A1 (fr) * 1989-12-27 1991-06-28 Salomon Sa Dispositif d'appui, sur un ski, de la partie anterieure de la semelle d'une chaussure.
EP0634197A1 (de) * 1993-07-13 1995-01-18 Salomon S.A. Bindungselement für einen alpinen Ski

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0769312A1 (de) * 1995-10-20 1997-04-23 Salomon S.A. Skischuhträgerplatte zum Verbinden mit einem Rückhalteelement
EP0785002A1 (de) * 1996-01-19 1997-07-23 Salomon S.A. Bindungssystem für Schuhe auf Skis
FR2743728A1 (fr) * 1996-01-19 1997-07-25 Salomon Sa Element de retenue d'une chaussure sur un ski
EP0807453A1 (de) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-19 Salomon S.A. Vorderbackensystem für Schuhe auf Skis
FR2748668A1 (fr) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-21 Salomon Sa Element de retenue de l'avant d'une chaussure sur un ski
EP0934763A1 (de) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-11 Salomon S.A. Vorderbacken einer Skibindung
FR2774603A1 (fr) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-13 Salomon Sa Element de retenue de l'avant d'une chaussure sur un ski

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5722681A (en) 1998-03-03
FR2722421B1 (fr) 1996-09-27
JPH0838673A (ja) 1996-02-13
EP0692288B1 (de) 1998-05-13
DE69502446T2 (de) 1998-11-26
ATE165989T1 (de) 1998-05-15
DE69502446D1 (de) 1998-06-18
FR2722421A1 (fr) 1996-01-19

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