EP0691662B1 - Transformateur différentiel pour appareil de protection électronique - Google Patents

Transformateur différentiel pour appareil de protection électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0691662B1
EP0691662B1 EP95109486A EP95109486A EP0691662B1 EP 0691662 B1 EP0691662 B1 EP 0691662B1 EP 95109486 A EP95109486 A EP 95109486A EP 95109486 A EP95109486 A EP 95109486A EP 0691662 B1 EP0691662 B1 EP 0691662B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
current transformer
differential
winding
transformer according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95109486A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0691662A1 (fr
Inventor
Markus Dipl.-Ing. Brunner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0691662A1 publication Critical patent/EP0691662A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0691662B1 publication Critical patent/EP0691662B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/08—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from powder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
    • H01H83/144—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection with differential transformer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a total current transformer with a wound, self-contained core made of highly permeable, soft magnetic material for detecting the total current of power lines passing through the core, in which the winding of the core is connected to a circuit breaker via an amplifier.
  • Such a total current transformer is described in WO 93/16479.
  • the core for this known summation current transformer can optionally consist of sintered, ferromagnetic material, of stacked disks or wound strips or wires.
  • US 5 235 488 describes a total current transformer with a wound core made of an iron-nickel alloy. All these cores have in common that insulating layers are provided either by small air gaps in the material or by the division into disks or by winding, which reduce eddy currents induced in the material by the alternating field acting on them. The consequence of this is that such cores - particularly because of their small dimensions - have a low mechanical strength and are therefore sensitive to shock loads and also have a low strength for the winding.
  • a summation current transformer is connected to the input of an amplifier, i.e. the power for switching a relay is not taken from the core itself, it requires a relatively low transmission power and can therefore be designed with small dimensions.
  • the reduction in size is essentially limited by the associated mechanical weakening of the summation current transformer core and by the inevitable Increasing the ohmic resistance of the winding, since this must then consist of relatively thin wires.
  • this ohmic resistance of the winding of the summation current transformer core is decisive, among other things, for the amplification factor of the downstream amplifier. Since the ohmic resistance changes with the temperature, the amplifier will also have a temperature response, so that the accuracy of the tripping characteristic suffers.
  • EP 0 392 204 A2 describes the use of a finely crystalline iron alloy as a material for a magnetic core of a residual current circuit breaker.
  • a nickel-iron alloy with approx. 77 percent nickel is used as the material.
  • the material is subjected to an extensive annealing treatment.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide a summation current transformer which can have relatively small dimensions and nevertheless has a mechanically firm core and a low temperature response.
  • the core is solid, that is, without insulating intermediate layers or air gaps that divide the core cross section, that the material of the core consists of a metallic alloy with a content of at least 40 percent nickel, which is a positive Has temperature coefficient of electrical resistance, and that the wall thickness in relation to the average geometric diameter of the core is chosen so that it is not less than 0.01 times and not greater than 0.5 times the average geometric diameter.
  • the total current transformer 1 in FIG. 1 consists of a core 2 with a winding 3. Power lines 5 and 6 are passed through the core and connect an AC voltage source 8 to a consumer 9 via a circuit breaker 7.
  • the supply lines of an amplifier 10 are connected to the power lines 5 and 6, the input lines of which are connected to the winding 3 of the summation current transformer 1 and the output lines of which are connected to the turn-off winding 11 of the circuit breaker 7.
  • FIG. 2 When using a solid core made of a metallic alloy with a high nickel content, an equivalent circuit diagram for the circuit results, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Metallic nickel-iron alloys containing high nickel have a magnetic permeability, the values of which are orders of magnitude higher than are required for use as the core of a summation current transformer.
  • the core 2 thus has a very high inductance.
  • a flow in the core 2 causes eddy currents to spread, since they are not prevented by air gaps or other insulating layers that divide the core cross section. These eddy currents generate an opposing field to the alternating field in the core 2 caused by the total current; they are only limited by the electrical resistance of the material from which the core 2 is made.
  • core 2 is therefore represented by an ohmic resistor R2 and an inductor L2.
  • the winding 3 is divided into an inductor N3 and a resistor R3, which characterizes the copper resistance of the winding.
  • the circuit in FIG. 2 is tuned so that the protective switch 7 is triggered by the amplifier 10 at the desired maximum total current value. If the ambient temperature now increases, the copper resistance R3 of the winding 3 also increases, so that the input voltage at the amplifier 10 would decrease. On the other hand, the resistance R2 also increases, since the material of the core 2 has a positive temperature coefficient of the electrical resistance. However, the increase in the resistance R2 means that the eddy currents in the core 2 decrease and the field generated by the total current is less weakened. This necessitates a higher AC permeability of the core 2 and leads to an increase in the induced voltage in the winding 3 and thus at the input of the amplifier 10.
  • the core 2 can be produced, for example, by cutting it off a tube or by extrusion.
  • Fig. 3 shows a divided core in a circular shape
  • Fig. 4 such a rectangular shape
  • Fig. 5 shows a core of two U-halves, which are to be assembled overlapped.
  • These cores have the advantage that the winding is known Way is easier to apply and that it can be pushed wrapped over the core parts.
  • the overlap area in FIG. 5 does indeed cause an air gap, albeit small, to be present on part of the core. A significant reduction in the eddy currents does not occur as a result, so that the level of the eddy currents is still determined almost completely by the conductivity of the core material and the temperature-compensating effect is retained.
  • Fig. 6 for an embodiment of a core according to the invention with 1000 turns for winding 3 and a winding resistance of 50 ohms and a core cross section of 0.03 cm 2 and an iron length of 4.15 cm
  • the output voltage of the amplifier 10 that is Voltage on the winding 11 of the circuit breaker 7 shown depending on the AC permeability, which can result from different core material, different annealing treatments.
  • the solid curve is the output voltage at room temperature, the dashed curves are obtained if a temperature of + 70 ° or -20 ° C is used.
  • the use of the summation current transformer according to the invention means that, on the one hand, one has a mechanically very strong, practically directly wound core and, moreover, the temperature response can be compensated for by the ohmic resistance of the winding of the summation current transformer core.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Transformateur différentiel (1) comportant un noyau (2), fermé sur lui-même, portant un enroulement, le noyau étant réalisé en une matière à aimantation douce très perméable pour détecter le courant différentiel de lignes électriques (5, 6) traversant le noyau (2), l'enroulement du noyau (2) étant raccordé par l'intermédiaire d'un amplificateur (10) à un disjoncteur (7),
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le noyau (2) est massif, sans couches intermédiaires isolantes, ni entrefer divisant la section du noyau,
    - la matière du noyau (2) est un alliage métallique avec une teneur d'au moins 40 pour-cent de nickel dont la résistance électrique possède un coefficient de température positif,
    - l'épaisseur de la paroi par rapport au diamètre géométrique moyen du noyau (2) est choisie pour ne pas être inférieure à 0,01 fois et non supérieure à 0,5 fois le diamètre géométrique moyen.
  2. Transformateur différentiel selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le noyau (2) est formé de plusieurs parties.
  3. Transformateur différentiel selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le noyau (2) à une forme circulaire et est réalisé en coupant un tube.
  4. Transformateur différentiel selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le noyau (2) est fabriqué par fluage à la presse.
EP95109486A 1994-07-06 1995-06-20 Transformateur différentiel pour appareil de protection électronique Expired - Lifetime EP0691662B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4423622A DE4423622A1 (de) 1994-07-06 1994-07-06 Summenstromwandler für elektronische Schutzgeräte
DE4423622 1994-07-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0691662A1 EP0691662A1 (fr) 1996-01-10
EP0691662B1 true EP0691662B1 (fr) 2001-09-19

Family

ID=6522344

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95109486A Expired - Lifetime EP0691662B1 (fr) 1994-07-06 1995-06-20 Transformateur différentiel pour appareil de protection électronique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5576921A (fr)
EP (1) EP0691662B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4423622A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2164123T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101847502B (zh) * 2010-06-10 2012-07-25 中国西电电气股份有限公司 一种二次电流为5a的tpy级电流互感器的制备方法
EP3026443B1 (fr) * 2014-11-27 2018-01-31 ABB Schweiz AG Dispositif électronique pour mesurer un courant différentiel dans une ligne électrique

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS582443B2 (ja) * 1975-08-14 1983-01-17 松下電器産業株式会社 テイコウタイ
JPS5612705A (en) * 1979-07-13 1981-02-07 Toshiba Corp Raw material for magnetic head core
US5110378A (en) * 1988-08-17 1992-05-05 Allied-Signal Inc. Metallic glasses having a combination of high permeability, low coercivity, low ac core loss, low exciting power and high thermal stability
DE3911480A1 (de) * 1989-04-08 1990-10-11 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Verwendung einer feinkristallinen eisen-basislegierung als magnetwerkstoff fuer fehlerstrom-schutzschalter
JPH03238805A (ja) * 1990-02-15 1991-10-24 Toshiba Corp イグニッションコイル
US5235488A (en) * 1992-02-05 1993-08-10 Brett Products, Inc. Wire wound core

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59509601D1 (de) 2001-10-25
EP0691662A1 (fr) 1996-01-10
ES2164123T3 (es) 2002-02-16
DE4423622A1 (de) 1996-01-11
US5576921A (en) 1996-11-19

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