EP0689574B1 - Waste disposal process and device - Google Patents

Waste disposal process and device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0689574B1
EP0689574B1 EP94908964A EP94908964A EP0689574B1 EP 0689574 B1 EP0689574 B1 EP 0689574B1 EP 94908964 A EP94908964 A EP 94908964A EP 94908964 A EP94908964 A EP 94908964A EP 0689574 B1 EP0689574 B1 EP 0689574B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbonization
gas
outlet line
combustion chamber
gasifier
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP94908964A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0689574A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz-Jürgen BERWEIN
Gerd BAUMGÄRTEL
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1687—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with steam generation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for disposing of waste, the waste being carbonized so that carbonization gas and solid carbonization residue are obtained, the carbonization gas is burned, and the carbonization residue is divided into a coarse and a fine fraction.
  • the invention also relates to a device for the disposal of waste with a waste feed device which opens into a carbonization drum, from which a carbonization gas discharge and a carbonization discharge tube originate, the carbonization gas discharge line being connected to a combustion chamber which has a flue gas outlet, and wherein the carbonization residue discharge line is connected to a Separator is connected, which has derivatives for a coarse and a fine fraction.
  • Such a method and such a device for thermal waste disposal are known from European Patent 0 302 310 B1.
  • This device has a smoldering drum into which the waste to be disposed of is introduced. The waste is carbonized there and carbonization gas and a solid carbonization residue are released. The carbonization gas is fed directly to a combustion chamber.
  • the smoldering residue is divided into a coarse and a fine fraction, and the fine fraction is fed into the combustion chamber like the smoldering gas, possibly after a grinding process.
  • the substances fed in are burned at high temperatures. This creates molten slag that is discharged into a water bath.
  • flue gas is emitted, which is subjected to flue gas cleaning.
  • EP 0 523 815 A1 discloses a process for producing a synthesis or fuel gas from pyrolysis coke, which is produced when waste materials are charred. This synthesis or fuel gas is cleaned and can then be used as an energy source in a power plant.
  • a method and a device for producing synthesis gas from a pyrolysis residue, which arises during the carbonization of residues, for example packaging materials, is also known from the subsequently published EP 0 563 777 A2. In this case, too, the synthesis gas is subjected to a cleaning process before it is used again. In the processes known from these two publications, the focus is therefore not on cost-effective and as complete as possible disposal of waste materials, but rather on the generation of an energy source.
  • the invention had for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned above for the disposal of waste, which can be carried out more cheaply compared to the known.
  • a device of the type mentioned at the beginning should be specified, which can be produced more cost-effectively than the known device.
  • smaller amounts of flue gas should be generated during the process and / or during the installation.
  • the object of specifying an inexpensive method is achieved according to the invention in that the fine fraction is subjected to gasification, in that the temperature is above the melting temperature of those substances be subjected to gasification and which are non-combustible, so that synthesis gas and molten slag are obtained and that the synthesis gas is burned unpurified.
  • the fine fraction of the smoldering residue is first gasified and then only the synthesis gas formed is burned, one advantageously manages with a small combustion chamber capacity. It is already guaranteed during the gasification process that, due to the high temperature, all non-combustible substances of the fine fraction become molten and are separated from the gasifier as molten slag. Only the combustible substances of the fine fraction, for example all carbon-containing substances, are gasified and later burned. The amount of fine fraction of the smoldering residue corresponding to the slag does not therefore get into the combustion chamber. Otherwise in the method according to the invention advantageously only gas burned. Due to the fact that on the one hand only gases and no solid substances and on the other hand relatively small amounts are burned, only a small amount of flue gases are produced which are generally cleaned and then released. This is a particular advantage.
  • the synthesis gas can be burned separately, for example, but also together with the carbonization gas from the carbonization drum. In the latter case, only a single combustion chamber is required, which can be made small and inexpensive due to the separation of the slag in the gasification process.
  • the combustion can take place, for example, with the supply of air enriched with oxygen. This improves the combustion process. Pure oxygen can also be added.
  • the fine fraction of the smoldering residue is either supplied with oxygen-enriched air or even pure oxygen during gasification.
  • oxygen-enriched air can contain, for example, 70% oxygen.
  • gasification for example, a temperature of approximately 2000 ° C. can be present in the gasifier.
  • the synthesis gas consists largely of carbon monoxide, which can then be burned.
  • the carbonization gas emitted by the carbonization drum is washed.
  • the scrubbed carbonization gas is then burned and the sludge separated during washing can be gasified.
  • flue gas When synthesis gas and carbonization gas are burned, flue gas is produced; This can be freed of dust during flue gas cleaning.
  • This dust is, for example, supplied to the already existing carburetor and gasified there. This ensures that the dust from the flue gas is incorporated into the molten slag.
  • the molten slag is introduced into a water bath from a gasifier, for example.
  • a melting granulate that is harmless to the environment and can be used as a building material, for example.
  • the object of specifying an inexpensive waste disposal device is achieved according to the invention in that the discharge of the separation device for the fine fraction is connected to a gasifier, from which a synthesis gas discharge, which is connected directly to a combustion chamber, and a slag discharge going out.
  • the advantage is achieved that, apart from the carbonization gas, only synthesis gas has to be fed to a combustion chamber. You therefore get by with a small and therefore inexpensive combustion chamber. This is due to the fact that on the one hand the solid constituents of the fine fraction of the smoldering residue are already separated in the gasifier and on the other hand almost only gases are fed to the combustion chamber. This also means that little flue gas is produced, which yes - preferably after flue gas cleaning - has to be released. As a result, a smaller flue gas cleaning device can be used. There may also be two small combustion chambers, one for smoldering gas and the other for synthesis gas.
  • the smoldering gas discharge of the smoldering drum and the synthesis gas discharge of the carburetor can open into separate combustion chambers or into the same combustion chamber.
  • the carburetor has, for example, a supply line for oxygen-enriched air or for pure oxygen.
  • the supply of oxygen ensures a high temperature in the carburetor.
  • the carbonization line of the carbonization drum can be connected to a first gas scrubber, from which a line for washed carbonization gas and a line for sludge originate.
  • the line for the washed carbonization gas can be connected to the combustion chamber and the line for the sludge to the gasifier. This ensures that the carbonization gas is cleaned before entering the combustion chamber.
  • the separated sludge can be removed or preferably gasified together with the fine portion of the smoldering residue in the gasifier.
  • the combustion chamber is thereby largely kept free of solid substances, so that a simple design of the combustion chamber is sufficient.
  • a flue gas cleaning device is preferably connected, the dust outlet of which is connected, for example, to the carburetor. This advantageously introduces dust from the flue gas into the gasifier, where, if it is not gasified, it is incorporated into the molten slag.
  • a heat exchanger can be connected downstream of the flue gas outlet, for example, in order to obtain thermal energy from the hot flue gas.
  • the slag discharge of the carburetor can lead into a water tank, so that a melt granulate is formed there, which can serve, for example, as a building material.
  • the advantage is achieved that the fine fraction of the smoldering residue and optionally also sludge and dust are first gasified, as a result of which flammable synthesis gas and melt granules are obtained.
  • the melt granulate can be used as a raw material.
  • the synthesis gas is burned separately or together with the carbonization gas from the carbonization drum. Since no solid substances have to be burned, it is advantageous to use a simply constructed, small and inexpensive combustion chamber. As a result, there is little flue gas to be released and only a small flue gas purification device is required.
  • the waste A to be disposed of is fed via a waste feed device 1 a to a carbonization drum 1, where it carbonizes and is thereby divided into carbonization gas SG and carbonization residue SR.
  • a carbonization line 2, 2 ' connects the carbonization drum 1 to a combustion chamber 3.
  • a carbonization line 4 connects the carbonization drum 1 to a separating device 5, in which the carbonization residue SR is divided into a coarse fraction GR and a fine fraction FR.
  • the coarse fraction GR essentially contains metal parts, glass and stones.
  • the fine fraction FR essentially contains carbon-containing smoldering residue.
  • the separating device 5 can be designed as a sieve.
  • a derivation 5a for the coarse fraction GR and a derivation 6 for the fine fraction FR of the smoldering residue SR originate from the separating device 5.
  • the derivative 6 for the fine fraction FR leads to a carburetor 7.
  • the carburetor 7 only needs to be heated externally to start up the device. During operation, a subset of the supplied goods is burned, which is necessary Provides thermal energy for the gasification of the remaining carbon-containing material.
  • the carburetor 7 is supplied with oxygen-enriched air L or pure oxygen via an air supply line 8. This results in a very high temperature in the carburetor 7, which can be 2000 ° C. At this temperature, which is above the melting point of all non-combustible feed materials, the fine fraction FR fed in of the smoldering residue SR is converted into molten slag S and a synthesis gas SY.
  • the molten slag S is discharged from the gasifier 7 via a slag discharge 9 and enters a water tank 10, where a melt granulate is formed.
  • the melt granulate can be used as a raw material.
  • the synthesis gas SY leaves the carburetor 7 via a synthesis gas discharge line 11 which leads to the combustion chamber 3.
  • the synthesis gas SY is burned together with the carbonization gas SG in the combustion chamber 3. Separate combustion of gases SG and SY is also possible. Since only gases are supplied to the combustion chamber 3, an inexpensive small combustion chamber 3 is sufficient.
  • the combustion chamber 3 can be supplied with oxygen-enriched air L * or pure oxygen via an air supply line 12. Complete combustion takes place in the combustion chamber 3.
  • a flue gas discharge line 13 for flue gas RG extends from a flue gas outlet 3a of the combustion chamber 3 and leads to a chimney 16 via a heat recovery steam generator or heat exchanger 14 and a flue gas cleaning device 15 which has a dust outlet 15a.
  • a first gas scrubber 17 can be arranged in the carbonization line 2, 2 'of the carbonization drum 1. Sludge SCH separated there arrives in the gasifier 7 via a sludge discharge line 18. A section of the leads from the first gas scrubber 17 Smoldering gas discharge line 2 ', through which washed smoldering gas SGW flows, to the combustion chamber 3. The first gas scrubber 17 ensures that the combustion chamber 3 remains free of solid impurities in the smoldering gas SG.
  • the synthesis gas SY can be fed to the combustion chamber 20a of a gas engine 20 via a separate synthesis gas discharge line 19, 19 ′ (shown in broken lines) and burned there. Combustion in both combustion chambers 3, 20a is also possible.
  • a second gas scrubber 21 can be inserted into the synthesis gas discharge line 19, 19 ′, but also into the synthesis gas discharge line 11. Washed synthesis gas SYW then arrives in the combustion chamber 20a or 3. This ensures that solid components which may be in the synthesis gas SY do not get into the combustion chamber 3 or into the gas engine 20. These solid components get back into the carburetor 7 as sludge SC via a sludge drain 22.
  • the gas engine 20 can drive a generator (not shown).
  • a flue gas discharge line 23 (dashed line) starting from a flue gas outlet 20b of the gas motor 20 is connected to the inlet of the flue gas cleaning device 15, which receives the flue gas RG 'emitted. Dust ST separated in the flue gas cleaning device 15 and also dust ST separated in the heat recovery steam generator (heat exchanger) 14 can be supplied to the carburetor 7 via dust discharge lines 25, 24.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

In a process and an apparatus for disposing of waste, the waste is carbonized at low temperatures in a carbonization drum, to develop carbonization gas and solid carbonization residue. The carbonization gas is burnt in a combustion chamber and the carbonization residue is divided in a separation device into a coarse and a fine fraction. The fine fraction is subjected to a gasification in a gasifier, to develop synthesis gas and molten slag. A temperature within the gasifier is above a melting temperature of non-combustible substances introduced into the gasifier. The synthesis gas is burnt in the combustion chamber or in a combustion chamber of a gas engine.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entsorgen von Abfall, wobei der Abfall verschwelt wird, so daß Schwelgas und fester Schwelreststoff anfallen, wobei das Schwelgas verbrannt wird, und wobei der Schwelreststoff in eine grobe und eine feine Fraktion aufgeteilt wird. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von Abfall mit einer Abfallzuführvorrichtung, die in eine Schweltrommel mündet, von der eine Schwelgasableitung und eine Schwelreststoffableitung ausgehen, wobei die Schwelgasableitung mit einer Brennkammer in Verbindung steht, die einen Rauchgasausgang hat, und wobei die Schwelreststoffableitung mit einer Trennvorrichtung verbunden ist, die Ableitungen für eine grobe und eine feine Fraktion aufweist.The invention relates to a method for disposing of waste, the waste being carbonized so that carbonization gas and solid carbonization residue are obtained, the carbonization gas is burned, and the carbonization residue is divided into a coarse and a fine fraction. The invention also relates to a device for the disposal of waste with a waste feed device which opens into a carbonization drum, from which a carbonization gas discharge and a carbonization discharge tube originate, the carbonization gas discharge line being connected to a combustion chamber which has a flue gas outlet, and wherein the carbonization residue discharge line is connected to a Separator is connected, which has derivatives for a coarse and a fine fraction.

Ein solches Verfahren und eine solche Einrichtung zur thermischen Abfallentsorgung sind aus der Europaischen Patentschrift 0 302 310 B1 bekannt. Diese Einrichtung weist eine Schweltrommel auf, in die der zu entsorgende Abfall eingebracht wird. Der Abfall wird dort verschwelt, und es werden Schwelgas und ein fester Schwelreststoff abgegeben. Das Schwelgas wird direkt einer Brennkammer zugeführt. Der Schwelreststoff wird in eine grobe und in eine feine Fraktion aufgeteilt, und die feine Fraktion wird, gegebenenfalls nach einem Mahlvorgang, wie das Schwelgas in die Brennkammer eingespeist. Dort werden die eingespeisten Stoffe bei hoher Temperatur verbrannt. Dabei entsteht schmelzflüssige Schlacke, die in ein Wasserbad abgeleitet wird. Außerdem wird Rauchgas abgegeben, das einer Rauchgasreinigung unterzogen wird.Such a method and such a device for thermal waste disposal are known from European Patent 0 302 310 B1. This device has a smoldering drum into which the waste to be disposed of is introduced. The waste is carbonized there and carbonization gas and a solid carbonization residue are released. The carbonization gas is fed directly to a combustion chamber. The smoldering residue is divided into a coarse and a fine fraction, and the fine fraction is fed into the combustion chamber like the smoldering gas, possibly after a grinding process. There, the substances fed in are burned at high temperatures. This creates molten slag that is discharged into a water bath. In addition, flue gas is emitted, which is subjected to flue gas cleaning.

Aus der DE 38 28 534 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur thermischen Abfallentsorgung bekannt, bei dem nach dem Schwelvorgang ein Teil des Schwelreststoffes gemahlen und dann als Staub vergast wird. Von einem Vergaser werden ein Rohgas, das eine Turbine treibt, und ein Vergasungsreststoff, der in einer Hochtemperaturfeuerung verbrannt wird, abgegeben. Der Vergaser dient nur dazu, das Rohgas zu erzeugen. Alle festen Stoffe müssen vom Vergaser der Hochtemperaturfeuerung zugeführt werden. Die Vorrichtung zur Hochtemperaturfeuerung muß daher fast genauso groß dimensioniert sein, als wenn zwischen der Verschwelungsvorrichtung und der Hochtemperaturfeuerung kein Vergaser zwischengeschaltet wäre.From DE 38 28 534 A1 a method for thermal waste disposal is known, in which a part of the smoldering residue is ground after the smoldering process and then gasified as dust. A gasifier turns a raw gas that drives a turbine and a gasification residue into one High temperature firing is given off. The carburetor only serves to generate the raw gas. All solid substances must be fed from the carburettor to the high-temperature furnace. The device for high-temperature firing must therefore be dimensioned almost as large as if no carburetor were interposed between the carbonization device and the high-temperature firing.

Aus der EP 0 523 815 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Synthese- oder Brenngases aus Pyrolysekoks bekannt, der bei der Verschwelung von Abfallstoffen entsteht. Dieses Synthese- oder Brenngas wird gereinigt und kann dann als Energieträger in einem Kraftwerk verwendet werden. Ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Synthesegas aus einem Pyrolysereststoff, der bei der Verschwelung von Reststoffen, beispielsweise Verpackungsmaterialien entsteht, ist auch aus der nachveröffentlichten EP 0 563 777 A2 bekannt. Auch in diesem Fall wird das Synthesegas vor seiner weiteren Verwendung einem Reinigungsprozeß unterworfen. Bei den aus diesen beiden Druckschriften bekannten Verfahren steht somit nicht eine kostengünstige und möglichst vollständige Beseitigung von Abfallstoffen sondern die Erzeugung eines Energieträgers im Vordergrund.EP 0 523 815 A1 discloses a process for producing a synthesis or fuel gas from pyrolysis coke, which is produced when waste materials are charred. This synthesis or fuel gas is cleaned and can then be used as an energy source in a power plant. A method and a device for producing synthesis gas from a pyrolysis residue, which arises during the carbonization of residues, for example packaging materials, is also known from the subsequently published EP 0 563 777 A2. In this case, too, the synthesis gas is subjected to a cleaning process before it is used again. In the processes known from these two publications, the focus is therefore not on cost-effective and as complete as possible disposal of waste materials, but rather on the generation of an energy source.

Der Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zum Entsorgen von Abfall anzugeben, das im Vergleich zum Bekannten kostengünstiger durchgeführt werden kann. Außerdem sollte eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art angegeben werden, die im Vergleich zum Bekannten kostengünstiger erstellt werden kann. Insbesondere sollten beim Verfahren und/oder bei der Einrichtung kleinere Rauchgasmengen anfallen.The invention had for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned above for the disposal of waste, which can be carried out more cheaply compared to the known. In addition, a device of the type mentioned at the beginning should be specified, which can be produced more cost-effectively than the known device. In particular, smaller amounts of flue gas should be generated during the process and / or during the installation.

Die Aufgabe, ein kostengünstiges Verfahren anzugeben, wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die feine Fraktion einer Vergasung unterzogen wird, daß die Temperatur dabei oberhalb der Schmelztemperatur derjenigen Stoffe liegt, die der Vergasung unterzogen werden und die nicht brennbar sind, so daß Synthesegas und schmelzflüssige Schlacke anfallen, und daß das Synthesegas ungereinigt verbrannt wird.The object of specifying an inexpensive method is achieved according to the invention in that the fine fraction is subjected to gasification, in that the temperature is above the melting temperature of those substances be subjected to gasification and which are non-combustible, so that synthesis gas and molten slag are obtained and that the synthesis gas is burned unpurified.

Dadurch, daß die feine Fraktion des Schwelreststoffes zunächst vergast wird und dann nur das dabei gebildete Synthesegas verbrannt wird, kommt man vorteilhafterweise mit einer kleinen Brennkammerkapazität aus. Es wird nämlich schon beim Vergasungsprozeß gewährleistet, daß aufgrund der hohen Temperatur alle nicht brennbaren Stoffe der feinen Fraktion schmelzflüssig werden und als schmelzflüssige Schlacke aus dem Vergaser abgeschieden werden. Nur die brennbaren Stoffe der feinen Fraktion, z.B. alle kohlenstoffhaltigen Stoffe, werden vergast und später verbrannt. Die der Schlacke entsprechende Menge der feinen Fraktion des Schwelreststoffes gelangt folglich nicht in die Brennkammer. Im übrigen wird bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung vorteilhafterweise ausschließlich Gas verbrannt. Dadurch bedingt, daß einerseits nur Gase und keine festen Stoffe und andererseits relativ kleine Mengen verbrannt werden, fallen auch nur wenig Rauchgase an, die im allgemeinen gereinigt und dann abgegeben werden. Darin ist ein besonderer Vorteil zu sehen.Because the fine fraction of the smoldering residue is first gasified and then only the synthesis gas formed is burned, one advantageously manages with a small combustion chamber capacity. It is already guaranteed during the gasification process that, due to the high temperature, all non-combustible substances of the fine fraction become molten and are separated from the gasifier as molten slag. Only the combustible substances of the fine fraction, for example all carbon-containing substances, are gasified and later burned. The amount of fine fraction of the smoldering residue corresponding to the slag does not therefore get into the combustion chamber. Otherwise in the method according to the invention advantageously only gas burned. Due to the fact that on the one hand only gases and no solid substances and on the other hand relatively small amounts are burned, only a small amount of flue gases are produced which are generally cleaned and then released. This is a particular advantage.

Das Synthesegas kann separat, beispielsweise aber auch zusammen mit dem Schwelgas aus der Schweltrommel verbrannt werden. Im letzten Fall ist nur eine einzige Brennkammer erforderlich, die wegen der Abtrennung der Schlacke im Vergasungsprozeß klein und kostengünstig ausgeführt werden kann.The synthesis gas can be burned separately, for example, but also together with the carbonization gas from the carbonization drum. In the latter case, only a single combustion chamber is required, which can be made small and inexpensive due to the separation of the slag in the gasification process.

Die Verbrennung kann beispielsweise unter Zuführung von mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft erfolgen. Dadurch wird der Verbrennungsprozeß verbessert. Es kann auch reiner Sauerstoff zugeführt werden.The combustion can take place, for example, with the supply of air enriched with oxygen. This improves the combustion process. Pure oxygen can also be added.

Beispielsweise wird der feinen Fraktion des Schwelreststoffes bei der Vergasung entweder mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft oder sogar reiner Sauerstoff zugeführt. Dadurch erhält man den Vorteil, daß man im Vergaser eine für den Vergasungsvorgang optimale Temperatur erzielen kann. Die mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft kann beispielsweise 70 % Sauerstoff enthalten. Zur Vergasung kann im Vergaser beispielsweise eine Temperatur von ungefähr 2000°C gegeben sein.For example, the fine fraction of the smoldering residue is either supplied with oxygen-enriched air or even pure oxygen during gasification. This gives the advantage that an optimal temperature for the gasification process can be achieved in the gasifier. The oxygen-enriched air can contain, for example, 70% oxygen. For gasification, for example, a temperature of approximately 2000 ° C. can be present in the gasifier.

Dadurch, daß mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft oder sogar reiner Sauerstoff in den Vergasungsprozeß eingespeist werden, erzielt man im Vergaser eine hohe Temperatur mit einer vergleichsweise kleinen Energiezufuhr von außen. Trotzdem kann die Vergasung bei Sauerstoffmangel erfolgen, wenn entsprechend kleine Luftmengen oder Sauerstoffmengen in den Vergaser eingespeist werden.Because oxygen-enriched air or even pure oxygen is fed into the gasification process, a high temperature is achieved in the gasifier with a comparatively small external energy input. Nevertheless, gasification can take place in the event of a lack of oxygen if correspondingly small amounts of air or oxygen are fed into the gasifier.

Nach einem Vergasungsprozeß unter Sauerstoffmangel besteht das Synthesegas zu einem großen Teil aus Kohlenstoffmonoxid, das anschließend verbrannt werden kann.After a gasification process with a lack of oxygen, the synthesis gas consists largely of carbon monoxide, which can then be burned.

Beispielsweise wird das von der Schweltrommel abgegebene Schwelgas gewaschen. Das gewaschene Schwelgas wird dann verbrannt, und der beim Waschen abgesonderte Schlamm kann vergast werden. Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß nur wenig feste Stoffe in die Brennkammer gelangen. Bereits bedingt durch den vorgeschalteten Vergaser werden ihr keine festen Bestandteile des Schwelreststoffes zugeführt. Da in der Brennkammer nur Gase verbrannt werden, kommt man vorteilhafterweise mit einer einfach konstruierten, kleinen und kostengünstigen Brennkammer aus.For example, the carbonization gas emitted by the carbonization drum is washed. The scrubbed carbonization gas is then burned and the sludge separated during washing can be gasified. This has the advantage that only a few solid substances get into the combustion chamber. Already due to the upstream carburettor, no solid components of the smoldering residue are fed to it. Since only gases are burned in the combustion chamber, it is advantageous to use a simply constructed, small and inexpensive combustion chamber.

Beim Verbrennen von Synthesegas und Schwelgas fällt Rauchgas an; dieses kann bei einer Rauchgasreinigung von Staub befreit werden. Dieser Staub wird beispielsweise dem ohnehin vorhandenen Vergaser zugeführt und dort vergast. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß der Staub aus dem Rauchgas in die schmelzflüssige Schlacke eingebunden wird.When synthesis gas and carbonization gas are burned, flue gas is produced; This can be freed of dust during flue gas cleaning. This dust is, for example, supplied to the already existing carburetor and gasified there. This ensures that the dust from the flue gas is incorporated into the molten slag.

Die schmelzflüssige Schlacke wird beispielsweise von einem Vergaser aus in ein Wasserbad eingeleitet. Dort entsteht ein Schmelzgranulat, das für die Umwelt ungefährlich ist und beispielsweise als Baumaterial verwendet werden kann.The molten slag is introduced into a water bath from a gasifier, for example. There is a melting granulate that is harmless to the environment and can be used as a building material, for example.

Die Aufgabe, eine kostengünstige Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von Abfall anzugeben, wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die Ableitung der Trennvorrichtung für die feine Fraktion mit einem Vergaser verbunden ist, von dem eine Synthesegasableitung, die direkt mit einer Brennkammer verbunden ist, und eine Schlackeableitung ausgehen.The object of specifying an inexpensive waste disposal device is achieved according to the invention in that the discharge of the separation device for the fine fraction is connected to a gasifier, from which a synthesis gas discharge, which is connected directly to a combustion chamber, and a slag discharge going out.

Durch das Einfügen des Vergasers, in dem die Temperatur so hoch ist, daß schmelzflüssige Schlacke abgegeben wird, wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß außer dem Schwelgas nur Synthesegas einer Brennkammer zugeführt werden muß. Man kommt daher mit einer kleinen und damit kostengünstigen Brennkammer aus. Das ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß einerseits die festen Bestandteile der feinen Fraktion des Schwelreststoffes schon im Vergaser abgetrennt werden und daß andererseits der Brennkammer fast nur Gase zugeführt werden. Das hat auch zur Folge, daß wenig Rauchgas anfällt, das ja - bevorzugt nach einer Rauchgasreinigung - abgegeben werden muß. Folglich kommt man mit einer kleineren Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung aus. Es können auch zwei kleine Brennkammern, die eine für Schwelgas und die andere für Synthesegas, vorhanden sein.By inserting the gasifier, in which the temperature is so high that molten slag is released, the advantage is achieved that, apart from the carbonization gas, only synthesis gas has to be fed to a combustion chamber. You therefore get by with a small and therefore inexpensive combustion chamber. This is due to the fact that on the one hand the solid constituents of the fine fraction of the smoldering residue are already separated in the gasifier and on the other hand almost only gases are fed to the combustion chamber. This also means that little flue gas is produced, which yes - preferably after flue gas cleaning - has to be released. As a result, a smaller flue gas cleaning device can be used. There may also be two small combustion chambers, one for smoldering gas and the other for synthesis gas.

Die Schwelgasableitung der Schweltrommel und die Synthesegasableitung des Vergasers können in getrennte Brennkammern oder in dieselbe Brennkammer einmünden.The smoldering gas discharge of the smoldering drum and the synthesis gas discharge of the carburetor can open into separate combustion chambers or into the same combustion chamber.

Der Vergaser weist beispielsweise eine Zuführleitung für mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft oder für reinen Sauerstoff auf.The carburetor has, for example, a supply line for oxygen-enriched air or for pure oxygen.

Durch die Sauerstoffzufuhr wird eine hohe Temperatur im Vergaser gewährleistet.The supply of oxygen ensures a high temperature in the carburetor.

Die Schwelgasableitung der Schweltrommel kann mit einem ersten Gaswäscher verbunden sein, von dem eine Leitung für gewaschenes Schwelgas und eine Leitung für Schlamm ausgehen. Die Leitung für das gewaschene Schwelgas kann mit der Brennkammer und die Leitung für den Schlamm mit dem Vergaser verbunden sein. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß das Schwelgas vor dem Eintritt in die Brennkammer gereinigt wird. Der abgetrennte Schlamm kann beseitigt oder bevorzugt zusammen mit dem Feinanteil des Schwelreststoffes im Vergaser vergast werden. Die Brennkammer ist dadurch weitgehend freigehalten von festen Stoffen, so daß eine einfache Ausführung der Brennkammer ausreicht.The carbonization line of the carbonization drum can be connected to a first gas scrubber, from which a line for washed carbonization gas and a line for sludge originate. The line for the washed carbonization gas can be connected to the combustion chamber and the line for the sludge to the gasifier. This ensures that the carbonization gas is cleaned before entering the combustion chamber. The separated sludge can be removed or preferably gasified together with the fine portion of the smoldering residue in the gasifier. The combustion chamber is thereby largely kept free of solid substances, so that a simple design of the combustion chamber is sufficient.

Am Rauchgasausgang der Brennkammer ist bevorzugt eine Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung angeschlossen, deren Staubausgang beispielsweise mit dem Vergaser verbunden ist. Damit wird vorteilhafterweise Staub aus dem Rauchgas in den Vergaser eingebracht, wo er, sofern er nicht vergast wird, in die schmelzflüssige Schlacke eingebunden wird.At the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber, a flue gas cleaning device is preferably connected, the dust outlet of which is connected, for example, to the carburetor. This advantageously introduces dust from the flue gas into the gasifier, where, if it is not gasified, it is incorporated into the molten slag.

Dem Rauchgasausgang kann beispielsweise ein Wärmetauscher nachgeschaltet sein, um Wärmeenergie aus dem heißen Rauchgas zu gewinnen.A heat exchanger can be connected downstream of the flue gas outlet, for example, in order to obtain thermal energy from the hot flue gas.

Die Schlackeableitung des Vergasers kann in einen Wasserbehälter führen, so daß dort ein Schmelzgranulat gebildet wird, das beispielsweise als Baumaterial dienen kann.The slag discharge of the carburetor can lead into a water tank, so that a melt granulate is formed there, which can serve, for example, as a building material.

Mit dem Verfahren und der Einrichtung nach der Erfindung wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß die feine Fraktion des Schwelreststoffes und gegebenenfalls auch Schlämme und Stäube zunächst vergast werden, wodurch ein brennbares Synthesegas und ein Schmelzgranulat anfallen. Das Schmelzgranulat kann als Rohstoff verwendet werden. Das Synthesegas wird separat oder zusammen mit dem Schwelgas aus der Schweltrommel verbrannt. Da keine festen Stoffe verbrannt werden müssen, kommt man vorteilhafterweise mit einer einfach konstruierten, kleinen und kostengünstigen Brennkammer aus. Folglich fällt auch wenig Rauchgas an, das abgegeben werden muß, und man benötigt nur eine kleine Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung.With the method and the device according to the invention, the advantage is achieved that the fine fraction of the smoldering residue and optionally also sludge and dust are first gasified, as a result of which flammable synthesis gas and melt granules are obtained. The melt granulate can be used as a raw material. The synthesis gas is burned separately or together with the carbonization gas from the carbonization drum. Since no solid substances have to be burned, it is advantageous to use a simply constructed, small and inexpensive combustion chamber. As a result, there is little flue gas to be released and only a small flue gas purification device is required.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einrichtung zum Entsorgen von Abfall nach der Erfindung, mit der das Verfahren nach der Erfindung durchgeführt werden kann, wird anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.An embodiment of a device for disposal of waste according to the invention, with which the method according to the invention can be carried out, is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Der zu entsorgende Abfall A wird über eine Abfallzuführvorrichtung la einer Schweltrommel 1 zugeführt, wo er verschwelt und dabei in Schwelgas SG und Schwelreststoff SR aufgeteilt wird. Eine Schwelgasableitung 2, 2' verbindet die Schweltrommel 1 mit einer Brennkammer 3. Eine Schwelreststoffableitung 4 verbindet die Schweltrommel 1 mit einer Trennvorrichtung 5, in der der Schwelreststoff SR in eine grobe Fraktion GR und eine feine Fraktion FR aufgeteilt wird. Die grobe Fraktion GR beinhaltet im wesentlichen Metallteile, Glas und Steine. Die feine Fraktion FR beinhaltet im wesentlichen kohlenstoffhaltigen Schwelreststoff. Die Trennvorrichtung 5 kann als Sieb ausgebildet sein. Von der Trennvorrichtung 5 geht eine Ableitung 5a für die grobe Fraktion GR und eine Ableitung 6 für die feine Fraktion FR des Schwelreststoffes SR aus. Die Ableitung 6 für die feine Fraktion FR führt zu einem Vergaser 7.The waste A to be disposed of is fed via a waste feed device 1 a to a carbonization drum 1, where it carbonizes and is thereby divided into carbonization gas SG and carbonization residue SR. A carbonization line 2, 2 'connects the carbonization drum 1 to a combustion chamber 3. A carbonization line 4 connects the carbonization drum 1 to a separating device 5, in which the carbonization residue SR is divided into a coarse fraction GR and a fine fraction FR. The coarse fraction GR essentially contains metal parts, glass and stones. The fine fraction FR essentially contains carbon-containing smoldering residue. The separating device 5 can be designed as a sieve. A derivation 5a for the coarse fraction GR and a derivation 6 for the fine fraction FR of the smoldering residue SR originate from the separating device 5. The derivative 6 for the fine fraction FR leads to a carburetor 7.

Der Vergaser 7 muß nur zur Inbetriebnahme der Einrichtung extern beheizt werden. Während des laufenden Betriebes wird eine Teilmenge des zugeführten Gutes verbrannt, was die notwendige Wärmeenergie zur Vergasung des verbleibenden kohlenstoffhaltigen Gutes liefert. Dem Vergaser 7 wird über eine Luftzuleitung 8 mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft L oder reiner Sauerstoff zugeführt. Dadurch erreicht man im Vergaser 7 eine sehr hohe Temperatur, die 2000 °C betragen kann. Bei dieser Temperatur, die oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes aller nichtbrennbaren zugeführten Stoffe liegt, wird die zugeführte feine Fraktion FR des Schwelreststoffes SR in schmelzflüssige Schlacke S und ein Synthesegas SY umgewandelt. Da die zugeführte Luftmenge im Vergleich zur Schwelreststoffmenge klein gehalten wird, erfolgt die Vergasung unter Sauerstoffmangel, so daß das Synthesegas SY im wesentlichen aus Kohlenstoffmonoxid besteht. Die schmelzflüssige Schlacke S wird über eine Schlackeableitung 9 aus dem Vergaser 7 abgelassen und gelangt in einen Wasserbehälter 10, wo sich ein Schmelzgranulat bildet. Das Schmelzgranulat kann als Rohstoff verwendet werden.The carburetor 7 only needs to be heated externally to start up the device. During operation, a subset of the supplied goods is burned, which is necessary Provides thermal energy for the gasification of the remaining carbon-containing material. The carburetor 7 is supplied with oxygen-enriched air L or pure oxygen via an air supply line 8. This results in a very high temperature in the carburetor 7, which can be 2000 ° C. At this temperature, which is above the melting point of all non-combustible feed materials, the fine fraction FR fed in of the smoldering residue SR is converted into molten slag S and a synthesis gas SY. Since the amount of air supplied is kept small in comparison to the amount of residual sulfur, the gasification takes place with a lack of oxygen, so that the synthesis gas SY essentially consists of carbon monoxide. The molten slag S is discharged from the gasifier 7 via a slag discharge 9 and enters a water tank 10, where a melt granulate is formed. The melt granulate can be used as a raw material.

Das Synthesegas SY verläßt den Vergaser 7 über eine Synthesegasableitung 11, die zur Brennkammer 3 führt. In der Brennkammer 3 wird das Synthesegas SY im vorliegenden Fall zusammen mit dem Schwelgas SG verbrannt. Auch eine getrennte Verbrennung der Gase SG und SY ist möglich. Da der Brennkammer 3 nur Gase zugeführt werden, kommt man mit einer kostengünstigen kleinen Brennkammer 3 aus. Der Brennkammer 3 können über eine Luftzuleitung 12 mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft L* oder reiner Sauerstoff zugeführt werden. In der Brennkammer 3 erfolgt eine vollständige Verbrennung. Von einem Rauchgasausgang 3a der Brennkammer 3 geht eine Rauchgasableitung 13 für Rauchgas RG aus, die über einen Abhitzedampferzeuger oder Wärmetauscher 14 und eine Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung 15, die einen Staubausgang 15a aufweist, zu einem Kamin 16 führt.The synthesis gas SY leaves the carburetor 7 via a synthesis gas discharge line 11 which leads to the combustion chamber 3. In the present case, the synthesis gas SY is burned together with the carbonization gas SG in the combustion chamber 3. Separate combustion of gases SG and SY is also possible. Since only gases are supplied to the combustion chamber 3, an inexpensive small combustion chamber 3 is sufficient. The combustion chamber 3 can be supplied with oxygen-enriched air L * or pure oxygen via an air supply line 12. Complete combustion takes place in the combustion chamber 3. A flue gas discharge line 13 for flue gas RG extends from a flue gas outlet 3a of the combustion chamber 3 and leads to a chimney 16 via a heat recovery steam generator or heat exchanger 14 and a flue gas cleaning device 15 which has a dust outlet 15a.

In der Schwelgasableitung 2, 2' der Schweltrommel 1 kann ein erster Gaswäscher 17 angeordnet sein. Dort abgetrennter Schlamm SCH gelangt über eine Schlammableitung 18 in den Vergaser 7. Vom ersten Gaswäscher 17 führt ein Teilabschnitt der Schwelgasableitung 2', durch den gewaschenes Schwelgas SGW strömt, zur Brennkammer 3. Durch den ersten Gaswäscher 17 ist sichergestellt, daß die Brennkammer 3 von festen Verunreinigungen des Schwelgases SG freibleibt.A first gas scrubber 17 can be arranged in the carbonization line 2, 2 'of the carbonization drum 1. Sludge SCH separated there arrives in the gasifier 7 via a sludge discharge line 18. A section of the leads from the first gas scrubber 17 Smoldering gas discharge line 2 ', through which washed smoldering gas SGW flows, to the combustion chamber 3. The first gas scrubber 17 ensures that the combustion chamber 3 remains free of solid impurities in the smoldering gas SG.

Das Synthesegas SY kann statt der Brennkammer 3 über eine separate (gestrichelt gezeichnete) Synthesegasableitung 19, 19' der Brennkammer 20a eines Gasmotors 20 zugeführt und dort verbrannt werden. Auch ist eine Verbrennung in beiden Brennkammern 3, 20a möglich. In die Synthesegasableitung 19, 19', aber auch in die Synthesegasableitung 11 kann ein zweiter Gaswäscher 21 eingefügt sein. Es gelangt dann gewaschenes Synthesegas SYW in die Brennkammer 20a bzw. 3. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß feste Bestandteile, die sich im Synthesegas SY befinden können, nicht in die Brennkammer 3 oder in den Gasmotor 20 gelangen. Diese festen Bestandteile gelangen als Schlamm SC über eine Schlammableitung 22 zurück in den Vergaser 7. Der Gasmotor 20 kann einen (nicht gezeigten) Generator antreiben. Eine von einem Rauchgasausgang 20b des Gasmotors 20 ausgehende (gestrichelte) Rauchgasableitung 23 ist mit dem Eingang der Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung 15 verbunden, die das abgegebene Rauchgas RG' aufnimmt. In der Rauchgasreinigungsvorrichtung 15 abgetrennter Staub ST und auch im Abhitzedampferzeuger (Wärmetauscher) 14 abgetrennter Staub ST können über Staubableitungen 25, 24 dem Vergaser 7 zugeleitet werden.Instead of the combustion chamber 3, the synthesis gas SY can be fed to the combustion chamber 20a of a gas engine 20 via a separate synthesis gas discharge line 19, 19 ′ (shown in broken lines) and burned there. Combustion in both combustion chambers 3, 20a is also possible. A second gas scrubber 21 can be inserted into the synthesis gas discharge line 19, 19 ′, but also into the synthesis gas discharge line 11. Washed synthesis gas SYW then arrives in the combustion chamber 20a or 3. This ensures that solid components which may be in the synthesis gas SY do not get into the combustion chamber 3 or into the gas engine 20. These solid components get back into the carburetor 7 as sludge SC via a sludge drain 22. The gas engine 20 can drive a generator (not shown). A flue gas discharge line 23 (dashed line) starting from a flue gas outlet 20b of the gas motor 20 is connected to the inlet of the flue gas cleaning device 15, which receives the flue gas RG 'emitted. Dust ST separated in the flue gas cleaning device 15 and also dust ST separated in the heat recovery steam generator (heat exchanger) 14 can be supplied to the carburetor 7 via dust discharge lines 25, 24.

Mit der geschilderten Einrichtung wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß der Brennkammer 3 und/oder dem Gasmotor 20 nur Gase zugeführt werden. Es gelangen keine festen Stoffe dorthin. Man kommt daher mit einer kostengünstigen Brennkammer 3 aus.With the device described, the advantage is achieved that only gases are supplied to the combustion chamber 3 and / or the gas engine 20. No solid substances get there. One therefore needs an inexpensive combustion chamber 3.

Der Einsatz eines Gasmotors 20 ist nur mit Hilfe des vorgeschalteten Vergasers 7 möglich, da der Gasmotor 20 nur mit Gas betrieben werden kann.The use of a gas engine 20 is only possible with the help of the upstream carburetor 7, since the gas engine 20 can only be operated with gas.

Claims (15)

  1. Process for disposing of waste (A), the waste (A) being carbonized, so that carbonization gas (SG) and solid carbonization residue (SR) arise, the carbonization gas (SG) being burnt and the carbonization residue (SR) being divided into a coarse (GR) and a fine fraction (FR), characterized in that the fine fraction (FR) is subjected to a gasification, in that the temperature in this gasification is above the melting temperature of those materials which are subjected to the gasification and are not combustible so that synthesis gas (SY) and molten slag (S) arise, and in that the synthesis gas (SY) is burnt unpurified.
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the synthesis gas (SY) is burnt together with the carbonization gas (SG).
  3. Process according to either of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion is carried out with feed of oxygen-enriched air (L*).
  4. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fine fraction (FR) is gasified with feed of oxygen-enriched air (L).
  5. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the carbonization gas (SG) is scrubbed, in that the scrubbed carbonization gas (SGW) is burnt and in that the sludge (SCH) separated off in scrubbing is gasified.
  6. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the flue gas (RG, RG') which arises in the combustion of the synthesis gas (SY) and/or of the carbonization gas (SG) is freed of dust (ST) and in that the dust (ST) is gasified.
  7. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the molten slag (S) is introduced into a water bath (10).
  8. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, from the flue gas (RG, RG') which arises in the combustion of the synthesis gas (SY) and/or the carbonization gas (SG), thermal energy is taken off.
  9. Device for disposing of waste (A) having a waste feed apparatus (la) which opens out into a carbonization drum (1) from which there exit a carbonization gas outlet line (2) and a carbonization residue outlet line (4), the carbonization gas outlet line (2, 2') being connected to a combustion chamber (3) which has a flue gas outlet (3a), and the carbonization residue outlet line (4) being connected to a separation apparatus (5) which has outlet lines (5a, 6) for a coarse (GR) and a fine fraction (FR), characterized in that the outlet line (6) of the separation apparatus (5) for the fine fraction (FR) is connected to a gasifier (7) from which there exit a synthesis gas outlet line (11) which is directly connected to a combustion chamber (3), and a slag outlet line (9).
  10. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the carbonization gas outlet line (2, 2') of the carbonization drum (1) and the synthesis gas outlet line (11) of the gasifier (7) open out into the same combustion chamber (3).
  11. Device according to either of Claims 9 or 10, characterized in that a feed line (8) for oxygen-enriched air (L) opens out into the gasifier (7).
  12. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the carbonization gas outlet line (2) of the carbonization drum (1) is connected to a gas scrubber (17) from which there exit a carbonization gas outlet line (2') for scrubbed carbonization gas (SGW) and a sludge outlet line (18) for sludge (SCH), and in that the carbonization gas outlet line (2') for scrubbed carbonization gas (SGW) is connected to the combustion chamber (3) and the sludge outlet line (18) is connected to the gasifier (7).
  13. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that a flue gas purification apparatus (15) is connected at the flue gas outlet (3a, 20b) of the combustion chamber (3, 20a) and in that the dust outlet (15a) of the flue gas purification apparatus (15) is connected to the gasifier (7).
  14. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized in that a heat exchanger (14) is assigned to the flue gas outlet (3a, 20b) of the combustion chamber (3, 20a).
  15. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the slag outlet line (9) of the gasifier (7) opens out into a water vessel (10).
EP94908964A 1993-03-17 1994-03-08 Waste disposal process and device Expired - Lifetime EP0689574B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4308551 1993-03-17
DE4308551A DE4308551A1 (en) 1993-03-17 1993-03-17 Thermal waste disposal process - involves gasification of carbonisation fines to reduce process costs
PCT/DE1994/000255 WO1994021751A1 (en) 1993-03-17 1994-03-08 Waste disposal process and device

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EP0689574A1 EP0689574A1 (en) 1996-01-03
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US (1) US5592888A (en)
EP (1) EP0689574B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08507568A (en)
AT (1) ATE154384T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2158463A1 (en)
DE (2) DE4308551A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0689574T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2102845T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1994021751A1 (en)

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DE4415342C1 (en) * 1994-05-02 1995-09-07 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Method for burning refuse
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DK2148135T3 (en) * 2008-07-25 2013-07-29 Litesso Anstalt Process and device for the thermal treatment of waste material
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2102845T3 (en) 1997-08-01
JPH08507568A (en) 1996-08-13
DE4308551A1 (en) 1994-01-05
WO1994021751A1 (en) 1994-09-29
EP0689574A1 (en) 1996-01-03
US5592888A (en) 1997-01-14
ATE154384T1 (en) 1997-06-15
DK0689574T3 (en) 1998-01-19
DE59403120D1 (en) 1997-07-17
CA2158463A1 (en) 1994-09-29

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