EP0687503B1 - Roll Shredder - Google Patents

Abstract

The shredder has shredding teeth (17) on the drum (16) which work with a mating tool, tilting on a spindle (18) parallel to the drum axis. These teeth are at the gaps between the drum teeth. A drive mechanism rotates the drum. The tool working with the drum is comb-shaped, with teeth (19) curved and unable to turn on the pivot spindle (18). These protrude towards the drum so as to form a tapering rolling gap. Adjusting motors (35) act on the spindle near its ends, pre-loading it against a stop (40), and holding the teeth in a predetermined working position in relation to the drum. The comb teeth can contain recesses at the side towards the drum teeth, accommodating toothed inserts of highly wear-resistant material. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a roller crusher according to the Preamble of claim 1.

A known device of this type (DE-OS 26 15 178) for processing waste products contains in one Housing a toothed crushing drum below a feed chute. The teeth are straight about the circumference of the shredding drum and act with a counter tool. The counter tool is pivoted around an axis within the housing, which runs parallel to the axis of the shredding drum, and contains arched teeth, between which the Teeth of the shredding drum as it rotates step through. In the presence of parts that cannot be shredded the counter tool is swung out. The one to be shredded Material is fed through the inclined feed chute fed directly above the shredding drum contains a special feed device. There is a below the comminution drum Collection vessel for holding shredded material.

A known hammer mill (DE-AS 20 34 074) contains one Rotor on which axial rows of hammers are circumferentially spaced are attached from each other. Are on one side of the rotor Carrier segments substantially parallel to the circumference of the Rotors arranged and carry grinding elements leading to the hammers stand on gap. The carrier segments are on a housing supported by double link and rubber springs, which with a adjustable preload are applied.

FR-A-2 127 685 is a roller crusher known. This roller crusher contains a roller Shredding members and one directed towards the roller Counter tool that is parallel to the axis of the roller Swivel axis is pivotable and provided with counter links. The counterparts are gaping to the Shredding members arranged. Drive means for rotating drive of the roller are provided. The Counter tool is comb-shaped, such that the Counterparts arranged non-rotatably on the swivel axis Comb teeth are that are arched and under Formation of a narrowing nip from the Project the swivel axis against the roller. Furthermore is a Hydraulic cylinder provided on the counter tool attacks.

The object of the invention is a To create roller crushers of the type mentioned at the beginning, with which a high shredding effect at low Wear is achieved.

According to the invention, this object is achieved through the features of characterizing part of claim 1 solved.

The shredding members advantageously contain its face a wear-resistant plate, which on the the side facing the counter tool with highly wear-resistant Material can be covered. This will make one Achieved even greater crushing effect without using it a particular wear is connected. Are preferred but the tooth insert on the comb teeth and the wear-resistant plate on the shredding links interchangeably attached.

An advantageous design of the roller crusher contains a highly effective, robust and simple structure in that the counter tool is comb-like and the swivel axis with the comb teeth by servomotors is held in its working position. The comb teeth in it are non-rotatably connected to the swivel axis through the servomotors are held with an adjustable counterforce when the roller with its shredding members drives material to be shredded into the nip and breaking and cutting it by doing that Drifting material between the comb teeth. It will be so avoided that the comb teeth already at relative low impact shredding forces and uncrushed material past the comb teeth through the Shredder passed. The arched Training the comb teeth helps that between the Comb teeth and the roller formed a narrow nip and an intensive, maximum crushing effect the material to be shredded is exercised.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the roller crusher are the servomotors with a pressure control connected, which ensures that the comb teeth dodge can if the crushing is too high a force required. This can damage the Comb teeth and / or the crushing links safely be excluded.

Figur 1 eine teilweise geschnittene, schematische Seitenansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels des neuerungsgemäßen Walzenzerkleinerers;

Figur 2 eine teilweise geschnittene, schematische Draufsicht auf eine Zerkleinerungseinrichtung in dem Walzenzerkleinerer nach Figur 1;

Figur 3 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch die Zerkleinerungseinrichtung nach Figur 2;

Figur 4 eine geschnittene Ansicht einer verschleißfesten Platte in der Zerkleinerungseinrichtung nach Figur 2;

Figur 5 eine geschnittene Ansicht eines Kammzahns in der Zerkleinerungseinrichtung nach Figur 2;

Figur 6 eine geschnittene Ansicht eines Zahneinsatzes für den Kammzahn nach Figur 6; Figur 7 eine schematische, teilweise geschnittene

Endansicht mit einem Stellmotor bei der Zerkleinerungseinrichtung nach Figur 2; und

Figur 8 ein schematisches Blockschaltbild einer Drucksteuerung für den Stellmotor nach Figur 7.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the figures and is explained and described in detail below with reference to the reference numerals. Show it

Figure 1 is a partially sectioned, schematic side view of an embodiment of the roller crusher according to the innovation;

FIG. 2 shows a partially sectioned, schematic top view of a comminution device in the roller comminutor according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through the comminution device according to FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a wear-resistant plate in the comminution device according to FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a comb tooth in the comminution device according to FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a tooth insert for the comb tooth according to FIG. 6; Figure 7 is a schematic, partially sectioned

End view with a servomotor in the shredding device according to Figure 2; and

FIG. 8 shows a schematic block diagram of a pressure control for the servomotor according to FIG. 7.

That shown schematically in Figure 1 in a side view Embodiment of a roller shredder contains a generally square housing 1, which by a vertical partition 2 in a first housing part and a second housing part is divided. The first Housing part receives a shredding device 3 and contains a hopper 4 through which the Comminution device 3, for example by means of a Loaded material to be shredded is fed. The hopper 4 preferably contains two opposite sides, one perpendicular to the Crushing device 3 runs, whereby a The further feed is blocked by the entered one Material is prevented. The second housing part takes Drive means 5 on a main drive motor 6, in the illustrated embodiment a diesel engine, included in the usual way via a turbo coupling and a V-belt drive 7 connected to a transmission 8 is that with the shredding device 3 via a known and therefore not shown bevel gear in Drive connection is established. The drive means 5 included still common and therefore not shown in detail Supply devices for pressure medium for actuation pressure medium operated components of the roller crusher.

The housing 1 is usually on a work surface parked on which the material to be shredded in the Filling funnel 4 is entered. At the four corners of the Housing 1, a pressure stamp 9 is pivotable arranged, one of which is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is shown schematically. During the operation of the Roller shredder is the pressure stamp 9 in a rest position shown in Figure 2, in which he either a housing wall rests or in extension of one Housing wall runs. In the illustrated Embodiment consists of the stamp 9 in essentially from a cylinder 41, which has a connection 42 is connected to a pressure medium source, and one Piston 43 with an adjustable foot 44. The cylinder 41 is over Brackets 45 and hinges 46 with the housing 1 connected. The printing stamps 9 with the help of hinges 46 from their rest position into one Working position pivoted in which the adjustable foot 44 on the Working surface stands up. When supplying pressure medium through the port 42 the plunger 9 is extended and that Housing 1 raised so far that a semi-trailer can be driven underneath. Then that will raised housing 1 by relieving the pressure stamp 9 lowered on the wing of the semi-trailer.

Under the shredding device 3 there is a Discharge funnel 10, the shredded material one Conveyor 11 feeds, for example, a Conveyor belt forms and parallel to the axis of the Crushing device 3 runs. On the second Housing part facing away from the first housing part on two outside supports 12, of which only one in 1 can be seen, a discharge device 13 with Ropes 15 and handlebars 16 held, of which also only one or one can be seen at a time. The handlebars 16 are with a pressure fluid operated (not shown) Servomotor connected. The discharge device 13 is in the essentially analogous to that in the utility model G 93 05 834.9 the same applicant described rear conveyor one Shredder trained. It consists of two Sections that are hinged and one stretched working position and by extending the Take the servomotor into a folded transport position. In the discharge device closes the working position 13 to the conveyor 11 in the housing 1 and promotes the shredded material, for example, on one Transport trolley, to another processing facility, a shelf or the like. Is in the transport position the discharge device 13 folded and folded up and is on the associated housing wall held.

Recognized in the partially sectioned top view of FIG. 2 the right part of the housing with the Drive means 5, i.e. the main drive motor 6 with Turbo clutch, the V-belt drive 7 and the transmission 8. The shredding device 3 consists of two interacting components. A first component is formed by a roller 16, preferably as Hollow roller is formed. One end of roller 16 is in the partition 2 is rotatably mounted and stands with the Gear 8 in drive connection; its other end is in an opposite wall of the housing 1 rotatable stored. The roller 16 carries on its coat Shredding members 17, which are described in more detail below to be discribed. The crushing members 17 are in axial direction and in the circumferential direction against each other offset on the jacket of the roller 16.

A second component forms a counter tool that is formed like a comb and a pivot axis 18 and of the pivot axis 18 outgoing, arcuate Comb teeth 19 contains. The pivot axis 18 runs axially parallel to the roller 16 and is like this with its ends in the intermediate wall 2 and the opposite Housing wall rotatably mounted. The comb teeth 19 are interchangeably attached by means of a hole (see below) on the pivot axis 18 with the interposition of Spacer rings 20 are pushed on; they are through usual and therefore only schematically indicated clamping devices over the working length of the pivot axis 18 against each other tense. The spacer rings 20 are chosen so that their axial dimension of the axial strength of the Crushing members 17 on the roller 16 corresponds, and the axial distance between adjacent comminution members 17 the roller 16 is selected so that it has the axial dimension corresponds to the associated comb teeth 19. You can see that in this way the crushing members 17 and Comb teeth 19 are arranged in a gap to each other and at Rotation of the roller 16 come into mutual engagement. The Arrangement is preferably made so that everyone Gap between adjacent comb teeth 19 only one Comminution member 17 is assigned.

Figure 3 shows a cross section through the housing 1; one recognizes the partition 2, the filling funnel at the top 4, the shredding device 3 from the roller 16 with the Shredding members 17 and the pivot axis 18 with the Comb teeth 19, the V-belt drive 7, the discharge funnel 10 and the conveyor 11. The space in which the Crushing device 3 is located on the side of the Roller 16 by a parallel to this at a distance running, arcuate wall 21 and on the side of the Counter tool completed by a wall 22, the also parallel to the axis of the roller 16 or Pivot axis 18 runs. The wall 22 forms one Side wall of the discharge funnel 10 and can be folded down attached, whereby the counter tool or the comb teeth 19th after the wall 22 has been folded down for inspection and maintenance purposes are accessible.

Figure 3 shows a schematic section of seven comminution members 17, the axially and circumferentially against each other are offset. Each shredding member 17 jumps in the circumferential direction from the jacket of the roller 16. On that This breaks the end facing the opposite tool Shredding member 17 and determines a steep to Jacket of the roller 16 falling face 23, the for example, can extend radially to the roller 16.

The striking surface 23 is designed in a special way, by putting a wear-resistant plate on the face 23 24 is placed, which is shown in section in Figure 4 is. Screw frames 25 are inserted into the plate 24, welded in the example shown. The Screw sockets 25 extend in holes in the Shredding member 17, in the from the side of Shredding member 17 facing away from the striking surface 23 mounting screws (not shown) is inserted become. The wear-resistant plate 24 is in this way replaceable on the face 23 of the comminution member 17 attached.

Another improvement to the shredding member 17 can be achieved in that the wear-resistant plate 24, as also shown in FIG. 4, with a highly wear-resistant material is clad, in particular in the area of the outer edge, which is the counter tool turned towards. In the version shown is in Area of the outer edge of the plate 24 has a recess for holding a plate 26 made of highly wear-resistant Material such as hard metal or the like formed; instead of the plate 26, the recess can also be filled with welding wire made of such material.

It can also be seen in FIG. 3 that the comb tooth 19 the counter tool at one end a bore 27 for Includes the pivot axis 18 contains. The bore 27 is however not a round hole, but contains a flattened area 28, which has a flattened portion 29 on the circumference of the pivot axis 18 corresponds. In this way it is achieved that the Comb teeth 19 non-rotatably connected to the pivot axis 18 are, so that this when the crushing elements act 17 facing the input material to be shredded the pivot axis 18 can not be pivoted and not can dodge. The same effect can be seen for example, also by a polygonal design of the Reach hole 27 and the circumference of the pivot axis 18.

Figure 3 also shows a tooth insert 30 on the comb tooth 19 of the counter tool on the Shredding members 17 facing side. In detail 5 shows a partially sectioned side view of the Comb tooth 19 with the bore containing the flat 28 27 at one end. On the crushing links 17th facing side is the comb tooth 19 with a recess 31 provided for receiving the tooth insert 30. Basically the recess are two receiving holes 32 for Fixing screws provided.

FIG. 6 shows a section through the tooth insert 30 the side facing away from the teeth are in the tooth insert 30 two screw sockets 33 inserted or welded in, in the receiving bores 32 of the comb tooth 19 reach into it and (not shown) fastening screws take up. In this way, the tooth insert is 30 interchangeably attached to the comb tooth 19. The whole Tooth insert 30 preferably consists of a wear-resistant material such as Hardox 500 or the like. Additionally, some may be the most heavily used or optionally also on all teeth of the tooth insert 30 the surfaces with the crushing members 17 of the roller 16 cooperate in the embodiment shown the areas that spring back into the tooth insert 30 Cover 34 made of highly wear-resistant material attached become. This cladding 34 can be made, for example Hard metal plates or welded welding wires appropriate material exist.

As Figure 3 shows, the are non-rotatably on the Swing axis 18 comb teeth 19 held against the roller 16 before and together with this one choose the roller 16 narrowing roll gap, which is shown in the Version at the end facing away from the pivot axis 18 has only a minimal width, so that none in the Filling funnel 4 introduced material on the comb teeth 19 can get past the discharge funnel 10. The Crushing members 17 act on the introduced Material in such a way that this is initially under Crushing into the narrowing gap between the Roller 16 and the counter tool against the comb teeth 19 and whose tooth inserts 30 advanced and then under breaking and cutting crushing in interaction the crushing links 17 and the comb teeth 19 between the comb teeth 19 into the outlet funnel 10 is derived.

The counter tool, i.e. the pivot axis 18 with the comb teeth 19 is high in the operation of the roller crusher Exposed to forces that tend to comb teeth 19 expanding the nip around the axis of the To pivot pivot axis 18. These powers depend on different factors, not here in detail are to be performed, but are so high that one Appropriate support of the counter tool is necessary is. At the same time, it must also be ensured that Swing out the counter tool or comb teeth 19 can if, for example, non-crushable material is introduced into the hopper 4. For this Basically, the pivot axis 18 is close to both ends supported by a servomotor 35, as can be seen in FIG. 7 shows an end view of the roller crusher. It shows the ones already shown in FIG. 3 Components, namely the housing 1, the intermediate wall 2, the Filling funnel 4, the shredding device 3 from the Roller 16 with the crushing members 17 and Swivel axis 18 with the comb teeth 19, the V-belt drive 7, the discharge hopper 10, the conveyor 11, the arcuate wall 21 and the foldable wall 22.

The servomotor 35 shown in FIG. 7 forms an example of a pressure-actuated cylinder 36 which is articulated on a wall of the housing 1, and one Adjusting piston 37, the free end of one end of a Handlebar 38 is hinged, the other end with one End of the pivot axis 18 is connected. On the housing wall, which runs transversely to the shredding device 3 and the Intermediate wall 2 is one by one Set screw 39 adjustable stop 40 attached, the is in the travel of the handlebar 38 and the Adjustment of the counter tool or the comb teeth 19 in Direction limited to the roller 16. The counter tool is by the servomotors 35 in his in Figure 7 in Solid position shown working position, in which the handlebar 38 and thus the counter tool against the Stop 40 are biased.

The pressure medium-actuated cylinder 36 forms in the illustrated Exemplary embodiment a hydraulic cylinder, which is connected to a pressure controller 47 which is shown schematically in FIG. This On the one hand, pressure control 47 ensures that the Counter tool in normal operation under the influence of Shredding forces undergoes only slight deflections, but on the other hand undesirably higher when it occurs Shredding forces is deflected. The pivot axis 18 with the comb teeth 19 is then in the in FIG. 7 Position shown in broken lines in the storage of the handlebar 38 from Stop 40, through which non-crushable material the gap thus formed to the discharge funnel 10 derived can be.

In detail, the pressure control 47 is one Feed pump 48 connected to the drive means 5 is in drive connection and, for example, a Gear pump forms the suction side with a pressure oil tank 49 is connected. The feed pump 48 is also on the output side a 4/3-way valve 50 and a pressure relief valve 51 connected to the pressure oil tank 49. The outlet of the 4/3-way valve 50 leads via a line 52 under Interposition of a check valve 53 and one Three-way valve 54 to the hydraulic cylinders 36; the Line 52 is via a further pressure relief valve 55 connected to the pressure oil tank 49. Furthermore, with the Line 52 between the cylinders 36 and the Check valve 53 a pressure switch 56 and pressure accumulator 57 connected.

The pressure controller 47 described above operates as follows:

When the roller crusher is switched off the counter tool is located in FIG. 7 Dashed position shown in storage from the stop 40. When commissioning, the 4/3-way valve becomes 50 turned on so that line 52 through the feed pump 48 pressurized with oil and the check valve 53 is opened. When the three-way valve 54 is open the pressure oil enters the cylinders 36 and the actuating pistons 37 are extended until the handlebars 38 are in contact with the respective stops 40 come. The counter tool then has reached its working position in which the free ends of the Comb teeth 19 take a minimum distance from the roller 16.

When introducing material to be shredded into the Roll shredders can be different Material crushing resistances temporarily Forces on the comb teeth 18 and thus also on the Adjusting piston 37 occur, the temporary Cause pressure increases in the cylinders 36. This Temporary increases in pressure are caused by the Pressure accumulators 57, which have a buffer effect, recorded and lead to minor deflections of the Comb teeth 18, whereby the crushing work of the Roll shredder only marginally or not at all being affected. With persistent, high Crushing resistors, the pressure switch 56 is actuated and the line 52 to the 4/3-way valve 50 through the check valve 53 blocked, so that on the feed pump 48 no back pressure can occur. As a further consequence and as the pressure in the cylinders 36 increases, this opens Pressure relief valve 55, so that the pressure oil from the Cylinders 36 are drained into the pressure oil tank 49. The Comb teeth 18 can then be deflected further, thereby the non-crushable material in the discharge funnel 10 arrive and picked up by the conveyor 11 can be. Due to the resulting pressure drop the pressure switch 56 is actuated again, so that again Pressure is applied to the cylinder 36 and the comb teeth 19th be returned to their working position. At the Switching off the machine, the three-way valve 54 is adjusted so that the pressure oil from the cylinders 36 and the pressure accumulators 57 flows into the pressure oil tank 49.

Claims (21)

1. Roller crusher comprising a roller (16) provided with crushing members (17), a counter tool directed to the roller (16), which counter tool is pivotable about a pivot axis (18) extending parallel to the axis of the roller, said counter roller being provided with counter members in staggered arrangement with respect to the crushing members (17), and comprising drive means for rotatingly driving the roller (16), whereby

   the counter tool is constructed in comb-like manner such that the counter members constitute comb teeth (19) which are non-rotatably arranged at the pivot shaft (18), said comb teeth being arcuately shaped and protruding from the pivot shaft (18) towards the roller (16) with the formation of a narrowing roller nip,
   characterised in that

   the comb teeth (19) comprise a groove (31), which is formed on the side facing the crushing members (17) of the roller (16), and a tooth insert (30) which is made of a highly wear resistant material and placed in the groove.
2. Roller crusher according to claim 1, characterised in that at least part of the teeth of the tooth insert (30) is provided with a highly wear resistant facing (34) at a surface which cooperates with the crushing members (17) of the roller (16).
3. Roller crusher according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the tooth insert (30) is exchangeably held in the groove (31).
4. Roller crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the comb teeth (19) have respective bores (27) at their ends remote from the roller (16), said bores comprising a flattening (28), and the pivot shaft (18) defines a circumferential surface comprising a flattening (29), that the comb teeth (19) are arranged at the pivot shaft (18) at a predetermined mutual spacing by means of spacer rings (20), and that the comb teeth (19) are exchangeably held at the pivot shaft (18).
5. Roller crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that respective servo motors (35) are provided to engage the pivot shaft (18) near the ends thereof, said servo motors biasing the pivot shaft (18) into engagement with a stop (40) and the comb teeth (19) into a predetermined operative position relative to the roller (16).
6. Roller crusher according to claim 5, characterised in that each one of the servo motors (35) comprises a respective pressure fluid operated cyliner (36) and an adjusting piston (37) which acts upon a connecting rod (38) connected to the pivot shaft (18), that the stop (40) is an adjustable stop and that the connecting rod (38) engages the adjustable stop in the operative position of the counter tool.
7. Roller crusher according to claim 6, characterised in that the pressure fluid operated cylinders (36) are connected to a pressure control (47), said pressure fluid operated cylinders (37) being subjectable to pressure fluid of a predetermined operating pressure by means of the pressure control (47) and said counter tool being held in the operative position at said predetermined operating pressure, and that, when a predetermined maximum pressure in the respective cylinders is exceeded, the adjusting pistons (37) are retractable and the counter tool is deflected from the operative position.
8. Roller crusher according to claim 7, characterised in that the pressure control (47) comprises a 4/3-way valve (50) having an input side connected to a supply pump (48) and an output side connected to the cylinders (36) via a check valve (53), said cylinders being connected to a pressure fluid reservoir (49) through a pressure limiting valve (55), and that the cylinders (36) are connected to a pressure accumulator (57).
9. Roller crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the crushing members (17) are attached to the surface of the roller (16) at a mutual offset in circumferential direction and in axial direction.
10. Roller crusher according to claim 9, characterised in that the crushing members (17) protrude from the surface of the roller (16) in circumferential direction and define an impact surface (23) which steeply drops to the surface of the roller (16).
11. Roller crusher according to claim 10, characterised in that the impact surface (23) is provided with a wear resistant plate (24).
12. Roller crusher according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the wear resistant plate (24) is at least partially lined with a highly wear resistant material at a surface which faces the counter tool.
13. Roller crusher according to claim 12, characterised in that the wear resistant plate (24) is exchangeably mounted at the impact surface (23).
14. Roller crusher according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterised in that adjacent crushing members (17) at the surface of the roller (16) have an axial spacing corresponding to the dimension of the respectively associated comb teeth (19) such that each one of the spacings between the comb teeth (19) of the counter tool is associated with only a single one crushing member of the roller (16).
15. Roller crusher according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the roller (16) and the counter tool are surrounded by a housing (1), that the ends of the roller (16) and the ends of the pivot shaft (18) of the counter tool are rotatably journalled in a housing wall and an intermediate wall (2) of the housing (1), that the housing comprises a hopper (4) leading to crushing means (3), and that the intermediate wall (2) of the housing (1) separates a housing portion, which contains the drive means (5), from a housing portion containing the crushing means (3).
16. Roller crusher according to claim 15, characterised in that the hopper (4) contains two opposite sides one of which extends normally to the axis of the roller (16).
17. Roller crusher according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterised in that the roller (16) defines a side which is located within the housing (1) remote from the counter tool and which is covered by an arcuate wall (21) extending parallel to the roller (16), and that the counter tool is covered within the housing (1) by means of a hinged wall (22) on the side remote from the roller (16).
18. Roller crusher according to any one of claim 15 to 17, characterised in that a discharge tunnel (10) is arranged in the housing (1) below the crushing means (3) and that a conveying device (11) extends below the discharge funnel (10) and parallel to the axis of the roller (16).
19. Roller crusher according to claim 17 or 18, characterised in that the hinged wall (22) defines a side wall of the discharge funnel (10).
20. Roller crusher according to claim 18 or 19, characterised in that the conveying device (11) is followed by a discharge device (13) arranged on the outside of the housing (1).
21. Roller crusher according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterised in that a multiple number of pressure fluid operated jacks (9) are pivotably mounted at the housing.

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