EP0686763B1 - Injecteur de combustible pour moteurs à combustion interne - Google Patents

Injecteur de combustible pour moteurs à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0686763B1
EP0686763B1 EP95107718A EP95107718A EP0686763B1 EP 0686763 B1 EP0686763 B1 EP 0686763B1 EP 95107718 A EP95107718 A EP 95107718A EP 95107718 A EP95107718 A EP 95107718A EP 0686763 B1 EP0686763 B1 EP 0686763B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control
piston
injection valve
pressure
control chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95107718A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0686763A1 (fr
Inventor
Marco A. Ganser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ganser Hydromag AG
Original Assignee
Ganser Hydromag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ganser Hydromag AG filed Critical Ganser Hydromag AG
Priority to EP97112502A priority Critical patent/EP0807757A1/fr
Publication of EP0686763A1 publication Critical patent/EP0686763A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0686763B1 publication Critical patent/EP0686763B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/20—Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights or permanent magnets; Damping of valve lift
    • F02M61/205—Means specially adapted for varying the spring tension or assisting the spring force to close the injection-valve, e.g. with damping of valve lift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
    • F02M2200/304—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped using hydraulic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/001—Control chambers formed by movable sleeves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0054—Check valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86389—Programmer or timer
    • Y10T137/86405—Repeating cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection valve for intermittent fuel injection into the combustion chamber an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • Injectors of this type are for example from the Patents EP 0 228 578 or EP 0 426 205 are known.
  • the invention as characterized in the claims solves the task of creating a fuel injector, that ensures improved operating behavior and also extremely easy to manufacture and assemble is.
  • Fig.1 is a fuel injector 1 in one Position shown between two injection processes.
  • the Fuel injector 1 is over a High-pressure fuel connection 10 and via a Fuel return connection 12 with a high-pressure delivery device for the fuel and over electrical Connections 14 connected to an electronic control.
  • the high pressure conveyor and the electronic Controls are not shown in the drawing.
  • the housing of the fuel injection valve 1 is 15 designated. At the lower end is the housing 15 with a Union nut trained holding part 16, with at the upper end a corresponding retaining nut 17 screwed.
  • a nozzle body 18 is inserted, the Nozzle tip 19 protrudes from the holding part 16.
  • the Nozzle tip 19 is provided with a nozzle needle seat 20 and has a plurality of injection openings 21 in this area.
  • in the Nozzle body 18 is an injection valve member, axially adjustable nozzle needle 24 in one Needle guide bore 23 slidably.
  • the Injection openings 21 of the nozzle tip 19 are through a lower end 25 of the nozzle needle 24 can be locked.
  • the housing 15 has a central guide bore 29 provided, in which a control device 3 for control the adjustment movement of the injection valve member or Nozzle needle 24 is arranged.
  • the control device 3 is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the fuel is fed through the high pressure delivery device via the high-pressure fuel connection and a first short Fuel supply bore 31 in two in the housing 15 parallel to Guide bore 29 arranged high pressure supply lines 32.33 promoted.
  • the upper high pressure supply line 33 leads to the control device 3.
  • the lower high pressure supply line 32 is arranged obliquely in an intermediate plate 36 Connecting bore 35 to a nozzle body bore 26 connected in an annular space 27 in the nozzle body 18th flows.
  • the fuel does not pass from the annular space 27 Passages shown in more detail to the nozzle needle seat 20 and the injection openings 21.
  • the nozzle needle 24 is provided with a shoulder 28.
  • the intermediate plate 36 is opposite the housing 15 via a Pin 37 (there could also be two pins 37) positioned and sealing between the housing 15 and the nozzle body 18 arranged.
  • a Pin 37 (there could also be two pins 37) positioned and sealing between the housing 15 and the nozzle body 18 arranged.
  • One in a central bore 38 of the Intermediate plate 36 protruding upper part 39 of the nozzle needle 24 is operatively connected to an intermediate needle element 40 which on the other hand via a connecting rod 44 with a Control piston 50 of the control device 3 is connected.
  • a connecting rod 44 surrounding nozzle needle spring 47 arranged biased.
  • the control device 3 has one in the guide bore 29 control body 52 used in a stationary manner.
  • the control piston 50 is with an upper, stepped in diameter Piston part 51 provided.
  • the upper piston part 51 protrudes into one in the Guide bore 29 axially displaceable and tightly sliding arranged sleeve 64 into it.
  • Also between the piston part 51 and the inner diameter of the sleeve 64 are narrow Sliding fits provided.
  • the sleeve 64 is supported with a narrow annular sealing surface 66 on a lower End face 55 of the control body 52, on the other hand by a lock nut 54 screwed to the housing 15 in the guide bore 29 is axially fixed.
  • control body 52 In the lower area of the control body 52 is in the Housing 15 is an annular space 69, which has a transverse bore 68 the upper high pressure supply line 33 is connected. Of the Control body 52 has an annular space 69 corresponding Circumferential ring groove 67. The control body 52 is also included one opening into a first control room 70 Provided connecting bore 60, which via a Inlet throttle bore 58 with the circumferential ring groove 67 or with the annular space 69 and thus also with the high pressure supply line 33 is connected. The connection bore 60 narrows at the top into an outlet opening 59.
  • the first control space 70 is radial through the inner surface of FIG Sleeve 64, axially through the lower end face 55 of the Control body 52 and an upper end face 56 of the Piston part 51 limited.
  • the control body 52 is in the guide bore 29 of the Housing 15 installed in such a way that no significant leakage can take place. This will e.g. with a press fit or reached a tight sliding seat, but could also through other fuel-tight connections, for example realized using suitable sealing rings become.
  • the control device 3 also has an electromagnetic actuatable pilot valve 80, of which only in Fig.2 an armature 82 firmly connected to a pilot valve stem 81 can be seen.
  • an armature 82 firmly connected to a pilot valve stem 81 can be seen.
  • the exhaust throttle bore 59 via a flat valve seat 85 held in the closed position.
  • Electromagnet 86 of the pilot valve stem 81 by the force a compression spring 87 down into the valve flat seat 85 closing position pressed. This force is through a Adjustment screw 88 adjustable in size.
  • For Actuation of the pilot valve 80 or to raise the Pilot valve stem 81 from valve flat seat 85 receives one excitation coil 83 of the electromagnet assigned to armature 82 86 via the electrical connections 14 control pulses from the electronic control.
  • the high pressure part of the Fuel injector 1 i.e. in the Fuel feed hole 31, in both High pressure supply lines 32.33, in the annular spaces 27.69 and the same high pressure or in both control rooms 70, 74 Injection pressure, which can be up to over 1000 bar.
  • the end of the injection process is known to be done as quickly as possible.
  • the pilot valve 80 into its via the electromagnet 86 Brought to the closed position. Since the outlet opening 59 is closed again, increases in the first control room 70 Pressure on, and the control piston 50 is by the on the force acting on the upper end face 56 of the piston part 51 moved down.
  • the volume of the second control room 74 the fuel pressure in the second control room is increased 74 falls.
  • the sleeve 64 initially remains on the control body 52 pressed. At certain decrease in fuel pressure in the second control chamber 74, the sleeve 64 follows Piston movement; it should be noted that the spring 63 is relatively weakly biased, so that the pressure effect of the Spring 63 is negligible compared to Fuel pressure forces.
  • a Control device 4 is the sleeve 64 known from FIGS. 1 and 2 replaced by a sleeve 94.
  • the sleeve 94 has on the circumference several axially arranged ribs 95, whose Outside diameter a precisely defined radial annular gap 93 forms opposite the guide bore 29.
  • the ring groove 67 in Control body 52 and the annular space 69 in the housing 15 omitted.
  • Above the top rib 95 opens into the Guide bore 29 that supplying the high pressure fuel Cross bore 68 into it.
  • the sleeve is on the upper face 94 with a narrow, annular sealing surface 96.
  • the sealing surface 96 has a plurality of radial circumferentially distributed Wells 97 of shallow depth (approx. 0.02 - 0.03 mm), through which the fuel throttled from the pilot hole 29 and consequently from the transverse bore 68 to the first control chamber 70 arrives and the inlet throttle bore 58 of the from Fig.2 replace known control device 3.
  • the ribs 95 on the other hand, replace the one known from FIG second control room 74 and the high pressure supply line 33 built-in throttle 77.
  • the ribs 95 have sharp edges on to a regardless of the toughness of the fuel to achieve turbulent flow. By arranging several Ribs 95 in a row, the fuel pressure gradually reduced or the flow rate reduced. Thereby the annular gap can be dimensioned more generously.
  • the position of the sealing surface 96 in relation to the outside or Inner diameter of sleeve 94 may be necessary Contact pressure can be selected.
  • the same sealing surface 96 and / or the radial recesses 97 could also in the Sleeve 64 of Fig.2 can be used.
  • control device 4 is technically simpler than that in Fig. 1 and 2 illustrated embodiment. Otherwise it works same as already described.
  • a sleeve 98 guided closely sliding, the same as the sleeve 94 known from FIG. 3 with the Recesses 97 provided narrow sealing surface 96 Is provided.
  • the spring 63 is between the lower End face 65 of sleeve 98 and a housing shoulder 100 biased.
  • Ball check valve 103 Parallel to the guide bore 29 is in the housing 15 Housing bore 102 made in the one Ball check valve 103 is installed.
  • a lower one Valve seat element 104 of the ball check valve 103 has a bore 105 on the holes 106, 107 with the second control room 74 is connected.
  • One of the Ball 108 assigned to valve seat element 104 is moved over a second valve element 109 by the force of a spring 110 the valve seat member 104 is pressed.
  • the ball check valve 103 is by means of a locking pin 111, over which also the spring preload can be selected in the Housing bore 102 axially fixed. The connection of the second Control room 74 with the high pressure zone is thus over Ball check valve 103 manufactured.
  • a quick closing movement is the same as for Control device 3 reached in which the sleeve 98 at Downward movement of the control piston 50 and when the Fuel pressure in the second control room 74 under one certain size the connection of the high pressure system to the first control room 70 releases.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further alternative embodiment of the Control device shown and designated 6.
  • a bore seat valve 113 is installed in the housing bore 102.
  • the valve body 114 is with a Cross bore 116 and one perpendicular to cross bore 116 arranged throttle bore 117 provided.
  • the second Control room 74 is through the bores 107, 106, the Throttle bore 117 and the transverse bore 116 with the High pressure region connected.
  • Fig. 6 shows an alternative form of training in partial section of the fuel injector, designated 2 and a further control device 7 is equipped. From 1 to 5 already known, identical and parts with the same effect are again given the same reference numbers designated. Part of the control device 7 is for the better Understanding enlarged in Fig.7.
  • the fuel injector 2 has Housing 120 on that with a central guide bore 121st is provided for the control device 7.
  • Guide bore 121 is a spool 122 closely sliding axially displaceable.
  • the control piston points at the top 122 a piston part 123 with a reduced diameter.
  • the corresponding sales area is designated 126.
  • a piston shoulder 129 is formed to the connecting rod 124.
  • existing room 125 opens directly into the relatively short, first fuel supply bore 31 from High-pressure fuel connection 10.
  • the housing 120 itself has no more high pressure supply lines on the Designation shown in Fig.1 designated 32.33 were; there are also no further ring spaces or Cross bores made in the housing 120, which makes an extreme simple and technically advantageous housing 120 is realized.
  • the upper piston part 123 is on its upper face a recess 128 provided in the one in the control piston 122 made central connection bore 130 opens.
  • the connecting bore 130 is in the control piston 122 made cross bore 131 to the high-pressure fuel filled room 125 connected.
  • a control body 135 is stationary in the guide bore 121 used (pressed in, for example) by the already known lock nut 54 is axially fixed.
  • the Control body 135 is on its lower end face with a Recess 136 equipped into which the upper piston part 123th protrudes tightly.
  • a stepped diameter Part 137 of the recess 136 has a spring 138 arranged in it, via which a valve seat washer 140 to the upper one, with 127 designated annular end face of the upper piston part 123 is pressed.
  • the valve seat disk 140 has a central disc hole 141 on.
  • valve seat plate 140 and the plate hole 141 closing valve bodies 143 form a first flat valve seat 151.
  • the end face 127 of the piston part 123 and the valve seat plate 140 form a second valve flat seat 152 (see Fig. 7).
  • first control chamber 155 which passes radially through the upper piston part 123 on the one hand and the guide bore 121 is limited on the other hand.
  • an inlet throttle 133 is made, which in the Connecting bore 130 opens radially and a connection of the forms first control chamber 155 to the high-pressure fuel zone.
  • a second control chamber 156 is in the recess 136 of the Control body 135 formed above the piston part 123 and through the two valve flat seats 151, 152 from the system or High-pressure fuel zone in the illustrated Starting position separated between two injection processes held.
  • the mode of operation of the fuel injection valve 2 or of the control device 7 is as follows: When the pilot valve stem 81 is raised and electronically controlled in the same way as described above, the outlet opening 159 is opened. The fuel pressure in the first control room 155 drops. The control piston 122 is moved upward by the high fuel pressure acting on the piston shoulder 129 and prevailing in the space 125. The injection valve member opens the injection openings to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine in the manner already described. When the control piston 122 together with the valve seat disk 140 is raised, the volume of the second control chamber 156 is reduced, the pressure increases with this pumping action and counteracts the opening movement in the desired manner. This results in a slow opening process.
  • valve body 143 is pressed down against the system pressure prevailing in the recess 128 and the force of the spring 144 via the disk hole 141 and the first flat valve seat 151 is opened, as a result of which the opening process of the control piston 122 and consequently the injection valve member is accelerated.
  • Exhaust port 159 becomes through the pilot valve stem closed again, so the pressure in the first control room rises 155 again.
  • the pressure in the second control room 156 is adjusted again to the system high pressure.
  • the spring 144 presses the valve body 143 against the valve seat plate 140 which on the other hand is loaded by the force of the spring 138.
  • Of the first valve flat seat 151 is closed.
  • the control piston 122 is moved down.
  • the volume of the second control chamber 156 is increased, the Pressure drops.
  • the pressure in the second control room 156 is one falls below a certain value at which insufficient Pressure force exerted on the valve seat plate 140 from above the second valve flat seat 152 is opened.
  • the fuel over the control piston 122 the end face 127 is additionally accelerated downwards. In in this way a quick closing of the Injector member performed.
  • the fuel injector 2 according to the invention brings in addition to the simplification of construction and assembly technology also has the advantage of minimal leakage occur.
  • the one from the exhaust throttle bore 159 escaping fuel is in turn through the drain hole 90 fed to the fuel return port.
  • valve body 143 with the throttle bore 142 and the Omit spring 144 and valve seat disk 140 directly with provided as a throttle disc hole 141 so would the operation of the control device 7 of those correspond to the control device 3 from FIG. That as Throttle-formed disc hole 141 would then become the throttle 77 corresponding to FIG. 2, which correspond to the second control space 156 (in Fig. 2 control room 74) connects to the high pressure zone.
  • control device 7 of the second alternative variant to the control device 3 according to FIG. 2 With additional omission of the valve seat plate 140 and the Spring 138 would control device 7 of the second alternative variant to the control device 3 according to FIG. 2 (with large or missing throttle 77) correspond, since in this If the second control room 156 also directly with the High pressure zone would be connected.
  • FIG Control device 8 shown for the Fuel injector 2 can be used. From Fig. 6 and 7 known parts are again the same Designated reference numbers.
  • control piston 122 has no in this case Diameter of the piston part, but it is with an upper end face 161 is completed.
  • a Intermediate piston 162 arranged in the recess 136 of the Control body 135 protrudes closely sliding.
  • a first annular control chamber 160 is radial through the Intermediate piston 162 and the guide bore 121, axially through the upper end face 161 of the control piston 122 and the lower end face 139 of the control body 135 limited.
  • a second control chamber 165 is located in recess 136 above the intermediate piston 162 or above an upper one End face 163 of the intermediate piston 162.
  • the intermediate piston 162 is provided with a shoulder 166.
  • a spring 167 surrounding the intermediate piston 162 is on the shoulder 166 on the one hand and on the lower end face 139 of the Control body 135 supported on the other.
  • the intermediate piston 162 has a narrow, annular sealing surface 168 at the bottom that of the upper end face 161 of the control piston 122 assigned.
  • the diameter of the sealing surface is 168 smaller than the diameter of the recess 136 or than that Diameter of the upper end face 163 of the intermediate piston 162.
  • the intermediate piston 162 is from the bottom with a central one Provide recess 170. Between the recess 170 and the second control chamber 165 is one in the intermediate piston Connection hole 174 made, the one in the recess arranged ball valve 171 is assigned.
  • a valve spring 173 is in the recess 170 by means of a in a bore 180 of the intermediate piston 162 pressed or screwed securing element 172 biased.
  • the Securing element 172 has a central connecting bore 182 over which the space of the recess 170 with the Connection bore arranged centrally in the control piston 122 130 and thus in connection with the high-pressure fuel zone stands.
  • the intermediate piston 162 is also with a Throttle bore 175 provided, through which the second Control chamber 165 parallel to that via ball valve 171 lockable connecting hole 174 with the recess 170 and is thus connected to the high-pressure fuel zone.
  • the intermediate piston 162 has an inlet throttle 184, which the first control chamber 160 with the bore 180 and thus with connects the high pressure fuel zone.
  • the structure of the control device 8 has the following operation: When the pilot valve stem 81 is raised, the pressure in the first control chamber 160 is reduced via the outlet opening 159, the transverse bore 158 and the connecting groove 157. The control piston 122 is moved upwards in the manner already described, the injection valve member opening the injection openings to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. The intermediate piston 162 pressed against the end face 161 with the sealing surface 168 is also moved upward. Due to the pumping action of the intermediate piston 162, the pressure in the second control chamber 165 increases. At a certain excess pressure, the ball valve 171; thus the opening movement of the control piston 122 is accelerated.
  • the control device 8 means an essential one constructive simplification. It is known that the narrow Fits of individual parts the exact concentricity, i.e. precise processing important. In this embodiment points none of the parts two such to be coordinated Sliding surfaces.
  • the control piston 122 has an extreme here simple shape on. The assembly of individual parts of the Control device 8 in the fuel injection valve 2 is no problem. Furthermore, the essential ones are the function determining controls (the throttle bores 175 and 184 and the ball valve 171) in the intermediate piston 162 made or installed. This throttle bores 175,184 and the ball valve 171 can before assembling the Fuel injector 2 for their correct function being checked.
  • the ball valve 171st with valve spring 173, the device would correspond to the control device 2 known from FIG. 2; also the second control room 165 would then only be via the Throttle 175 (corresponding to throttle 77 according to FIG. 2) with the High pressure zone connected.
  • control device 8 could also correspond to the described, not shown in the drawing second alternative variant to the control device 2 is formed be by the second control chamber 165 does not have the throttle 175, which together with the securing element 172, the Ball valve 171 and valve spring 173 would be eliminated, but via a large through hole in the intermediate piston 162 would be connected directly to the high pressure zone.
  • Control device 9 shows a further embodiment of a Control device 9 shown in its design and Operation essentially from the control device 8 Fig.8 corresponds, but for example for the Fuel injector 1 according to Fig.1 is suitable at which, in contrast to fuel injector 2 6 shows the high-pressure fuel supply to the control device of done above. Analogous to control device 8, the Control device 9 the above-mentioned manufacturing and advantages in terms of assembly.
  • the Indian Guide bore 29 is axially displaceable control piston 50 provided with a central recess 176 above.
  • the intermediate piston 179 corresponds essentially to that Intermediate piston 162 according to Figure 8, however, is opposite this arranged vertically reversed by 180 °.
  • a spring 183 surrounding the intermediate piston 179 is on the one hand on a shoulder 185 of the intermediate piston 179, on the other hand on an upper end face 186 of the control piston 50 supported.
  • a first, annular control space 201 is radially through the intermediate piston 179 and the guide bore 29, axially through the upper end face 186 of the control piston 50 and the lower end face 178 of the control body 177 limited.
  • the first control room 201 is analogous to that Control devices 7 and 8 according to Fig.
  • the transverse bore 158 is via a throttle 198 and via a passage 199 to the upper one High-pressure supply line 33 (see FIG. 1) leading transverse bore 68 connected.
  • a second control chamber 202 is located below the intermediate piston 179 formed in the recess 176 of the control piston 50. Of the second control room 202 is temporarily over the by the Ball valve 171 lockable connecting hole 174 and constantly on the throttle 175 as well as on the Connection bore 182 in the securing element 172 and over a passage 200 made in the control body 177 with the transverse bore 68 in connected to the high pressure zone Connection.
  • control device 9 corresponds to that described mode of operation of the control device 8 according to Fig. 8 and is therefore not repeated.
  • This control device too 9 could be omitted analogously to the control device 8 individual parts are alternatively formed, then the Control device 2 according to Figure 2 or the described second alternative variant of this control device 2 correspond.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of a Control device 11 shown, provided for the Fuel injector 1 according to Fig. 1.
  • This form of training is particularly suitable for small fuel injectors, where there is no space for arranging valves and springs is available.
  • a control body 205 is used in a fixed position (for example pressed) and by the here as a union nut trained lock nut 54 axially fixed.
  • the Control body 205 has one with a reduced diameter Part 206 with which it fits into a central recess 207 of the axially displaceable in the guide bore 29 Control piston 50 protrudes.
  • a first, ring-shaped Control room 211 is radial through part 206 of the Control body 205 and through the guide bore 29, axially through a shoulder surface 209 of the control body 205 and a upper end face 208 of the control piston 50 limited.
  • the Cross bore 158 is the same as in control device 9 via the throttle 198 and via the passage 199 to the upper high pressure supply line 33 (see Fig.1) leading Cross bore 68 connected, which is arranged obliquely here, and the one radial recess 213 of the control body 205 assigned.
  • the recess 213 is via a throttle 214 and a central bore 215 in the control body 205 with a connected second control room 212, which is below the Control body 205 in the central recess 207 of the Control piston 50 is located.
  • the opening process takes place similar to the control device 2 of Figure 2 in a Step; the throttle 214 corresponds here to the throttle 77 Fig. 2.
  • this variant takes place at Closing no additional acceleration instead of how this was the case with the control device 2.
  • the Control device 11 is manufacturing and assembly technology simple and as already mentioned especially for small ones Suitable for fuel injectors.
  • FIG. 11 shows another one for the fuel injector 2 applicable embodiment of a Control device 13.
  • the one with the central one, to the High pressure zone connected connection bore 130 provided in the guide bore 121 of the valve housing 120 axially displaceable control piston 122 has a central top Recess 218 on.
  • a second control body part 221 projects into the recess 218 and is arranged in the recess 218 by one Spring 222 on top of a lower end face 223 of the first Control body part 220 pressed.
  • the first control body part 220 has a bore 260 provided, which in one of the pilot valve stem 81 lockable outlet opening 259 tapers, and the over at least one made in the lower end face 223 radial groove 224 connected to a first control chamber 226 is.
  • the groove 224 could also be in the end face of the second Control body part 221 may be formed.
  • the first, annular control chamber 226 is radial through the Guide bore 121 and the second control body part 221, axially through the lower end face 223 of the first Control body part 220 and an upper end face 225 of the Spool 122 limited.
  • a second, about that Connection bore 130 directly to the high pressure zone connected control room 227 is in the Recess 218 below the second control body part 221.
  • the second control body part 221 has a central one Provide hole 257, which is in a top Inlet throttle bore 258 tapers. About the Inlet throttle bore 258 is (similar to that over the Inlet throttle bore 58 according to FIG. 2) the first control chamber 226 connected to the high pressure zone.
  • the spring 222 can possibly omitted since the one prevailing in the second control room 227 System high pressure for the constant pressing of the second Control body part 221 to the first control body part 220 worries.
  • the control device 13 corresponds in its mode of operation the mentioned, but not shown in the drawing second alternative variant to the control device 2 Fig. 2.
  • This variant also prevails in the second Control room 227 constantly the system fuel high pressure by the pumping action of the control piston 122 practically remains unaffected.
  • the opening and closing movement of the Control piston 122 and thus also the nozzle needle 24 is over the annular upper end face 225 of the control piston 122 by the control pressure prevailing in the first control chamber 226 controlled, this control pressure from the design and spatial arrangement of the inlet throttle bore 258 and Exhaust opening 259 is dependent.
  • FIG. 12 Another embodiment of a control device 22 for the fuel injection valve 2 according to FIG. 6 is in FIG. 12 shown and described below. For those already known parts are again the same reference numerals used.
  • This form of training is similar to the control device 11 according to Fig. 10 especially for small ones Fuel injectors suitable where there is no space for Arranging valves and springs is present.
  • the first control chamber 155 of the control device 22 is the same as in the control device 7 according to Figures 6 and 7 radially through the guide bore 121 and the stepped in diameter Piston part 123, axially through a piston shoulder 126 and the lower end face 139 of the control body 135 limited.
  • Piston part 123 is here with an additional offset Part 190 provided.
  • a second control room 195 is above of the piston part 123 in the recess 136 of the control body 135 formed.
  • One in the offset part 190 radially Made throttle 191 connects the second control room 195 with the connecting bore 130 and thus with the High pressure fuel zone.
  • the throttle 191 could also on the Longitudinal axis of the control piston 122 or the Fuel injector 2 (similar to that Throttle bores 197 and 159) are attached.
  • in the Control body 135 is one in the second control chamber 195 opening, central bore 196 available, which over a Throttle 197 is connected to the transverse bore 158.
  • the first Control room 155 is here in contrast to the control device 7 not connected to the high pressure system according to FIG. 7 (cf. Throttle bore 133 in Fig.7), but it receives over the Throttle 197, the transverse bore 158 and the connecting groove 157 Pressure from the second control room 195.
  • the pressure in the two Control rooms 155, 195 or the pumping action of the control piston 122 hangs both when opening and when closing the design of the chokes 191, 197.
  • the throttle 191 replaces the first valve flat seat 151 or the Throttle bore 142 according to Fig. 7. In this embodiment finds no additional acceleration during the closing process instead of.
  • the form of training as well as assembly is extreme simple.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (26)

  1. Injecteur de combustible pour l'injection intermittente de combustible dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne, comportant un carter (15 ; 120), un élément de siège (19) pourvu d'ouvertures d'injection (21), un organe d'injecteur monté de façon longitudinalement déplaçable dans le carter (15 ; 120) et destiné à la fermeture ou à l'ouverture des ouvertures d'injection (21), un dispositif de commande (3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 11 ; 13 ; 22) pour commander le mouvement de déplacement de l'organe d'injecteur, dans lequel le dispositif de commande (3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 11 ; 13 ; 22) comporte un piston de commande (50 ; 122) qui est agencé de façon longitudinalement mobile dans un perçage de guidage (29 ; 121), qui est en liaison d'action avec l'organe d'injecteur, et qui est sollicité d'une part par la pression du système de combustible depuis une conduite d'amenée à haute pression (32 ; 31) et d'autre part par la pression de commande de combustible dans une première chambre de commande (70 ; 155 ; 160 ; 201 ; 211 ; 226), la première chambre de commande (70 ; 155 ; 160 ; 201 ; 211 ; 226) étant en liaison via au moins un étranglement d'entrée (58 ; 97 ; 133 ; 184 ; 197 ; 198 ; 258) avec la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31), et la pression de commande dans la première chambre de commande (70 ; 155 ; 160 ; 201 ; 211 ; 226) étant commandable par ouverture ou fermeture de l'une au moins des ouvertures de sortie (59 ; 159 ; 259), ce pourquoi le dispositif de commande (3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 11 ; 13 ; 22) comporte une soupape pilote commandable (80), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de commande (3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 11 ; 13 ; 22) comporte une seconde chambre de commande (74 ; 156 ; 165 ; 195 ; 202 ; 212 ; 227) qui est reliée en permanence ou temporairement à la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31) et dont le volume est variable par le mouvement de déplacement du piston de commande (50 ; 122), la pression dans la seconde chambre de commande (74 ; 156 ; 165 ; 195 ; 202 ; 212 ; 227) s'opposant au mouvement d'ouverture de l'organe d'injecteur ou du piston de commande (50 ; 122).
  2. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pression dans la seconde chambre de commande (74 ; 156 ; 165 ; 202 ; 212 ; 227) est maintenue pratiquement constante par une liaison directe (130) de la seconde chambre de commande (74 ; 156 ; 165 ; 202 ; 212 ; 227) avec la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31).
  3. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans la seconde chambre de commande (74 ; 156 ; 165 ; 195 ; 212) une augmentation de pression est générée lors du mouvement d'ouverture de l'organe d'injecteur ou du piston de commande (50 ; 122), laquelle s'oppose à ce mouvement d'ouverture, le dispositif de commande (3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 11 ; 22) comportant des éléments de décharge (75, 77 ; 95 ; 103 ; 113, 117 ; 142, 151 ; 171, 175 ; 191 ; 214) pour relier la seconde chambre de commande (74 ; 156 ; 165 ; 195) à la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31).
  4. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens (64 ; 94 ; 98 ; 152 ; 162) par lesquels le mouvement de fermeture de l'organe d'injecteur ou du piston de commande (50 ; 122) peut se produire rapidement.
  5. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que grâce aux moyens (64 ; 94 ; 98 ; 152 ; 162) une liaison directe depuis la conduite à haute pression (33, 31) vers l'une des deux chambres de commande (70 ; 156 ; 160) est libérée lors de l'abaissement de la pression de combustible dans la seconde chambre de commande (74 ; 156 ; 165), afin d'obtenir une accélération additionnelle du piston de commande (50 ; 122).
  6. Injecteur de combustible selon l'une quelconques des revendications 3 à 5, dans lequel la première chambre de commande (70) est agencée entre une surface frontale supérieure (56) du piston de commande (50) et un corps de commande stationnaire (52), muni de l'ouverture de sortie (59), caractérisé en ce que le piston de commande (50) présente une partie de piston (51) de diamètre réduit et une surface de talon (53) correspondante, en ce qu'une douille mobile (64 ; 94 ; 98) est agencée en coulissement étroit sur la partie de piston (51) d'une part et dans le perçage de guidage (29) d'autre part, en ce que la seconde chambre de commande annulaire (74) est délimitée radialement par la partie de piston (51) et par le perçage de guidage (29) et axialement au moins par la surface de talon (53) et par une surface frontale inférieure (65) de la douille (64 ; 94 ; 98), et en ce que la douille (64 ; 94 ; 98) qui, lors d'une égalité de pression dans les deux chambres de commande (70 ; 74) et lors du mouvement d'ouverture du piston de commande (50), s'appuie par une surface d'étanchement (66 ; 96) contre le corps de commande (52), libère une liaison entre la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (33) et la première chambre de commande (70) pendant le mouvement de fermeture du piston de commande (50) et lors de l'abaissement déterminé de la pression dans la seconde chambre de commande (74).
  7. Injecteur de combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de décharge sont formés par un perçage de liaison (75) qui relie la seconde chambre de commande (74) à la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (33) et qui est pourvu d'un étranglement (77).
  8. Injecteur de combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de décharge sont formés par un clapet anti-retour à bille (103).
  9. Injecteur de combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de décharge sont formés par une soupape (113) dont le corps (114) est pourvu d'un perçage d'étranglement (117) qui relie la seconde chambre de commande (74) à la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (33) lorsque le siège (115) est fermé.
  10. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la douille (94) comporte à la périphérie plusieurs nervures (95) agencées axialement les unes derrière les autres, par lesquelles une fente annulaire respective (93) est formée par rapport au perçage de guidage (29) et qui forment les éléments de décharge dans la liaison entre la seconde chambre de commande (74) et la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (33) débouchant dans le perçage de guidage (29) au-dessus de la nervure la plus haute (95).
  11. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la surface d'étanchement (66 ; 96) de la douille (64 ; 94 ; 98) est pourvue de plusieurs renfoncements (97) qui forment la liaison à étranglement d'entrée entre la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (33) et la première chambre de commande (70).
  12. Injecteur de combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, comportant un corps de commande stationnaire (135) pourvu de l'ouverture de sortie (159), caractérisé en ce que le corps de commande (135) est pourvu d'un évidement (136) dans lequel pénètre en coulissement étroit une partie de piston supérieure (123) de diamètre réduit, et en ce que la première chambre de commande annulaire (155) est délimitée radialement par la partie de piston (123) et par le perçage de guidage (121) et axialement par un talon de piston (126) et par une surface frontale inférieure (139) du corps de commande (135).
  13. Injecteur de combustible selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 comportant un corps de commande stationnaire (135) pourvu de l'ouverture de sortie (159), caractérisé en ce que le corps de commande (135) est pourvu d'un évidement (136) dans lequel pénètre en coulissement étroit un piston intermédiaire (162) qui est en liaison d'action avec une surface frontale supérieure (161) du piston de commande (122) par une surface d'étanchement (168), et en ce que la première chambre de commande annulaire (160) est délimitée radialement par le piston intermédiaire (162) et par le perçage de guidage (121) et axialement par la surface frontale supérieure (161) du piston de commande (122) et par une surface frontale inférieure (139) du corps de commande (135).
  14. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la seconde chambre de commande (156 ; 195) est formée dans l'évidement (136) au-dessus d'une surface frontale de piston (127) et est reliée via un étranglement (142 ; 191) à un perçage de liaison (130), ménagé au centre dans le piston de commande (122), vers la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31).
  15. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la seconde chambre de commande (165) est formée dans l'évidement (136) au-dessus d'une surface frontale (163) du piston intermédiaire (162) et est reliée via un étranglement (175) à un perçage de liaison (130), ménagé au centre dans le piston de commande (122), vers la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31).
  16. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 5, la revendication 12 et la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'à la surface frontale supérieure de piston (127) est associé un disque de siège (140) qui sépare la seconde chambre de commande (156) du perçage de liaison (130), qui est pourvu de l'étranglement (141), et qui forme conjointement avec la surface frontale de piston (127) un siège de soupape plat (152) qui libère la liaison directe de la seconde chambre de commande (156) avec le perçage de liaison (130) lors d'un abaissement déterminé de la pression dans la seconde chambre de commande (156) pendant l'opération de fermeture, et qui permet ainsi une sollicitation directe du piston par la haute pression du combustible.
  17. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que la partie de piston (123) est pourvue d'un évidement (128) dans lequel est agencé de façon axialement mobile un corps de soupape (143) pourvu de l'étranglement (142), en ce que le disque de siège (140) présente un trou (141) susceptible d'être fermé par le corps de soupape (143), exception faite de l'étranglement (142), et en ce que le disque de siège (140) forme conjointement avec le corps de soupape (143) un autre siège de soupape plat (151) pour décharger la seconde chambre de commande (156) lors d'une montée de pression déterminée pendant le mouvement d'ouverture du piston de commande (122).
  18. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 5, la revendication 13 et la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le piston intermédiaire (162) qui s'appuie, lors d'une égalité de pression dans les deux chambres de commande (160, 165), par la surface d'étanchement (168) contre la surface frontale (161) du piston de commande (122), libère la liaison entre le perçage de liaison (130) ou la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31) et la première chambre de commande (160) pendant le mouvement de fermeture du piston de commande (122) lors d'un abaissement déterminé de la pression dans la seconde chambre de commande (165).
  19. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 3 et la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le piston intermédiaire (162) est pourvu d'une encoche (170) qui est raccordée au perçage de liaison (130) et dans laquelle est agencée une soupape (171) refermant un perçage de liaison (174) entre l'encoche (170) et la seconde chambre de commande (165), pour décharger la seconde chambre de commande (165) lors d'une montée de pression déterminée pendant le mouvement d'ouverture du piston de commande (122).
  20. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 15 et la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que l'étranglement (175) est ménagé parallèlement au perçage de liaison (174) dans le piston intermédiaire (162) et débouche dans l'encoche (170).
  21. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 3 et selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé en ce que la première chambre de commande (155 ; 160) est reliée à l'ouverture de sortie (159) via une gorge de liaison (157) à la périphérie du corps de commande (135) et via un perçage transversal (158) dans le corps de commande (135).
  22. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 3 et la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la première chambre de commande (155) est reliée à la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31) via un étranglement d'entrée (133) qui est ménagé dans la partie de piston (123) et qui débouche radialement dans un perçage de liaison central (130) du piston de commande (122).
  23. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 3 et la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la première chambre de commande (160) est reliée à la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31) via un étranglement d'entrée (184) qui est ménagé dans le piston intermédiaire (162) et qui débouche radialement dans un perçage central (180) du piston intermédiaire (162).
  24. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 3 et la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la surface d'étanchement (168) du piston intermédiaire (162) est pourvue de plusieurs renfoncements qui forment la liaison à étranglement d'entrée entre la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31) et la première chambre de commande (160).
  25. Injecteur de combustible selon la revendication 12, la revendication 14 et la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que la seconde chambre de commande (195) est raccordée au perçage transversal (158) via un perçage (196) ménagé dans le corps de commande (135) et pourvu d'un étranglement (197), et est donc en liaison avec la première chambre de commande (155).
  26. Injecteur de combustible pour l'injection intermittente de combustible dans la chambre de combustion d'un moteur à combustion interne, en particulier selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25, comportant un carter (120), un élément de siège (19) pourvu d'ouvertures d'injection (21), un organe d'injecteur (24) monté de façon longitudinalement déplaçable dans le carter (120) et destiné à la fermeture ou à l'ouverture des ouvertures d'injection (21), un dispositif de commande (13) pour commander le mouvement de déplacement de l'organe d'injecteur (24), dans lequel le dispositif de commande (13) comporte un piston de commande (122) qui est agencé de façon longitudinalement mobile dans un perçage de guidage (121), qui est en liaison d'action avec l'organe d'injecteur (24) et qui est sollicité d'une part par la pression du système de combustible depuis une conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31) et d'autre part par la pression de commande de combustible dans une chambre de commande (226), la chambre de commande (226) étant en liaison via au moins une ouverture d'entrée (258) avec la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31), et la pression de commande dans la chambre de commande (226) étant commandable par l'ouverture ou par la fermeture d'au moins une ouverture de sortie (259), ce pourquoi le dispositif de commande (13) est pourvu d'une soupape pilote commandable (80, 81, 82), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de commande (13) comporte une seconde chambre (227) qui est reliée en permanence à la conduite d'amenée à haute pression (31) et qui est prévue dans un évidement (218) dans le piston de commande (122) et qui est refermée par l'une des surfaces frontales d'un élément de commande (221), lequel est agencé dans l'évidement (218) et est mobile par rapport au piston de commande (122), dans lequel la pression dans la seconde chambre (227) s'oppose au mouvement d'ouverture de l'organe d'injecteur (24) ou du piston de commande (122) et appuie l'élément de commande (221) par son autre face frontale contre une butée (220) solidaire du carter, et le volume de la seconde chambre (227) est variable par un mouvement de déplacement du piston de commande (122) par rapport à l'élément de commande (221) qui s'appuie contre la butée (220) solidaire du carter.
EP95107718A 1994-06-06 1995-05-20 Injecteur de combustible pour moteurs à combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP0686763B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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CH178294 1994-06-06
CH178294 1994-06-06
CH1782/94 1994-06-06

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EP0686763B1 true EP0686763B1 (fr) 1999-09-01

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EP (2) EP0807757A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07332193A (fr)
AT (1) ATE184078T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59506715D1 (fr)

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EP0787900A2 (fr) * 1996-01-30 1997-08-06 Wartsila Diesel International Ltd. OY Soupape d'injection
EP0798459A2 (fr) * 1996-03-30 1997-10-01 LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company Buse d'injection
US5992767A (en) * 1997-01-11 1999-11-30 Lucas Industries Plc Injector
US6244245B1 (en) * 1998-06-16 2001-06-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Valve control unit for a fuel injection valve
EP1118765A3 (fr) * 2000-01-19 2003-11-19 CRT Common Rail Technologies AG Injecteur de combustible pour moteur à combustion interne
AT502260B1 (de) * 2005-08-09 2008-09-15 Ganser Hydromag Brennstoffeinspritzventil
DE102007025050B3 (de) * 2007-05-29 2008-10-16 L'orange Gmbh Hochdruck-Einspritzinjektor für Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer knicklaststeigernden Steuerstangenabstützung über unter Hochdruck stehendem Kraftstoff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0686763A1 (fr) 1995-12-13
DE59506715D1 (de) 1999-10-07
US5685483A (en) 1997-11-11
ATE184078T1 (de) 1999-09-15
EP0807757A1 (fr) 1997-11-19
JPH07332193A (ja) 1995-12-22
US5842640A (en) 1998-12-01

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