EP0682575B1 - Procede de fabrication d'un organe chauffant de transfert de metal liquide, organe chauffant, son application et son utilisation - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un organe chauffant de transfert de metal liquide, organe chauffant, son application et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0682575B1
EP0682575B1 EP94906249A EP94906249A EP0682575B1 EP 0682575 B1 EP0682575 B1 EP 0682575B1 EP 94906249 A EP94906249 A EP 94906249A EP 94906249 A EP94906249 A EP 94906249A EP 0682575 B1 EP0682575 B1 EP 0682575B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
heating member
refractory
inductor
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94906249A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0682575A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Louis Comarteau
Daniel Boudot
Alain Remy
Patrice Nykiel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEVA SA
Original Assignee
SEVA SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEVA SA filed Critical SEVA SA
Publication of EP0682575A1 publication Critical patent/EP0682575A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0682575B1 publication Critical patent/EP0682575B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
    • B22D35/06—Heating or cooling equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/52—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S29/00—Metal working
    • Y10S29/046—Vibration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49083—Heater type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating member for transferring liquid metal.
  • Said member is of the closed cross-section type.
  • the invention relates firstly to a method of manufacturing a member of the aforementioned type which opens at one end through a pouring orifice for the supply of at least one mold and of the type comprising over its entire length at least one means heating consisting of a coil-shaped inductor, the cooled turns of which are traversed by an alternating electric current.
  • the metal transfer heating elements are particularly advantageous for the transmission of a metal at high casting temperature. Said heating elements eliminate the risk of cooling and solidification of a metal alloy with a casting temperature at least equal to 1400 ° C. in a pouring channel between two successive casting operations.
  • the pouring channel comprises a graphite susceptor sleeve comprising a straight part and a bent part.
  • This configuration is particularly advantageous when the casting operations have a discontinuous nature. Indeed, in this case, the liquid metal may not be present for a more or less long duration in the channel. It is then interesting to keep it constantly preheated during this time: this is the role of graphite. However, when working continuously, which is the case for stabilized production processes of large or medium series, this interest is less. In this case, the continuous presence of liquid metal in the channel, associated with induction heating, keeps the system at temperature. Graphite is therefore no longer necessary, especially since the initial preheating of the channel, before it is filled with liquid metal, can be carried out by a heating means. more flexible and less expensive secondary, like the one using gas for example.
  • the conventional configuration has some operating disadvantages linked to the complexity of the channel manufacturing: shaping difficulties, cutting difficulties, centering difficulties. These drawbacks increase the cost of manufacturing the channel.
  • the method comprises one or more steps of cutting and / or assembling the refractory tube.
  • the layer of insulating material (refractory concrete and / or fibrous material) has the advantage of providing good thermal insulation of the tube and of the metal during use.
  • the fibrous sheets are more insulating than refractory concrete and reinforce the insulation.
  • the insulating layer constitutes additional protection in the event of wear and / or cracking of the ceramic tube in contact with the liquid metal, thus limiting the risks of infiltration of the liquid metal towards the coil and reinforcing safety.
  • the liquid metal contained in the refractory duct is heated and maintained by the inductor through which an alternating current at medium or high frequency flows.
  • This heating mode allows electrical energy to be transferred directly to the liquid metal in the form of thermal energy. Since it does not use an intermediate element such as graphite, the energy transfer is direct and the yield is better.
  • the frequency traversing the inductor is typically in the 1000-15000 Hertz range.
  • the invention also relates to a heating member for transferring liquid metal.
  • This member of the closed cross-section type rises upwards and opens on its upper face by a pouring orifice for feeding at least one mold and of the type comprising over its entire length at least one heating means constituted by a inductor in the form of a coil, the cooled turns of which are traversed by an alternating electric current.
  • Said member can be manufactured by the method according to the invention and it comprises a refractory tube surrounded by an assembly forming an insulating coating, itself surrounded by an inductor surrounded by a refractory concrete contained in a metallic envelope, the insulating thickness consisting of a layer of insulating refractory concrete.
  • Said insulating coating may consist of at least one ply of fibrous material.
  • Said member is a complete element, which can be interchanged on a foundry furnace when the member reaches the end of its service life or, which is less frequent but still possible, the oven arrives at the end of its service life.
  • the member comprises at the junction with the oven an outer flange pierced with through holes on which adjusts a washer cooperating with the 'metal casing, the refractory parts of said member being extended at the level and towards the furnace by a seal, made of refractory concrete with chemical setting in the form of a washer, itself extended by a second seal made of a fibrous material.
  • the junction is carried out by clamping the member on the wall of the furnace which causes the crushing of two joints in excess thickness at the refractory zones of the member and the furnace. This junction can be applied to relatively hot ovens, eight hours of cooling is enough.
  • the member according to the invention is extended at its end intended for supplying the mold by a refractory sleeve of hollow cylindrical shape, the external wall of the sleeve cooperating with the hollow cylindrical internal wall of a ring via of groomed concrete.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 is a heating member 1 for transferring liquid metal.
  • This member 1 of the closed cross-section type has a straight axis 8.
  • the heating element 1 consists of the axis 8 towards its external surface of a refractory tube 4, of an assembly 5 forming a thermally insulating coating made up of a layer of insulating refractory concrete 5a surrounded by a sheet of material fibrous 5b, an inductor 3, a refractory concrete 7 and an external metal casing 6. All of these elements 3, 4, 5, 5a, 5b, 6 and 7 are of substantially hollow cylindrical shape.
  • the end of the member 1 is horizontal and has an orifice 2.
  • the metal casing 6 has an annular, horizontal protuberance 24 at its upper part so as to partially cover the refractory concrete 7.
  • the casing 6 has radially at level of its lower part and opening downwards a bore 26.
  • the lower part of the casing 6 ends in an external radial protrusion forming a vertical annular flange 11 having holes 12 in which the fixing screws 18 pass.
  • the inductor 3 consists of helical turns of a copper metal tube surrounding the insulating coating 5 and embedded in the refractory concrete 7. Each end of the metal tube constituting the coil is brought back to the level of the bore 26 and leaves the member heating 1, so as to make the electrical connections with the current generator at medium or high frequency.
  • the extreme horizontal surface of the member 1 is extended by an intermediate wear part 23 of a hollow cylindrical shape, the internal wall of the cylinder having a constant diameter over the height.
  • the external wall of a sleeve 21 cooperates with the hollow cylindrical internal wall of a ring 20 by means of a grouted concrete 22.
  • the height of the sleeve 21 is identical to the height of the ring 20.
  • Vertical notches 25 are provided in the base of the ring 20 to allow the passage of screws of attachment to the horizontal end of the casing 6, as known from patent application 90 10 798.
  • a washer 13 cooperating with the metal casing 6, the refractory parts 4, 5, 7 of said member 1 being extended at and towards the furnace 9 by a seal 14, made of refractory concrete with chemical setting in the form of a washer, itself extended by a second seal 15 made of a fibrous material.
  • the member 1 is intended to be fixed on the carcass 17 of the oven 9 which has tapped blind holes 19 allowing the fixing and tightening of the member 1 by means of screws 12 which allows the compression of the seals 14, 15 and of the washer 13, which seals the assembly.
  • the carcass 17 is lined towards the inside of the oven 9 with a refractory lining 16.
  • the oven 9 has a channel opening outwards and surrounded by the refractory lining.
  • the member 1 is fixed in the extension of said channel to form the device shown in FIG. 2 which represents a casting installation.
  • the heating element 1 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 in that it forms a runner with an axis 8 of constant radius of curvature R.
  • the numerical references correspond to the elements referenced in FIG. 1.
  • the oven 9 is sealed and closed to form a casting assembly in a closed cup when the mold 27 is in the working position at the upper end of the member 1.
  • the oven 9 contains liquid metal 28 which under the effect of a pressure Pr in the upper part of the furnace 9 rises to a level 29 towards the upper end of the member 1 in the direction of the mold 27.
  • the level 29 is greater than the surface of the liquid metal 28 in the mold 9.
  • This pressure Pr of gas exerted on the metal 28 is obtained by a pipe 30 opening into the interior of the furnace 9 in its upper part.
  • the pipe 30 brings air or a gas above the level of the metal bath 28 contained in the oven 9.
  • the line 30 is connected to a source of pressurized gas 32.
  • On the line are mounted a pressure gauge 31 and a tap 33 so as to admit, prohibit and regulate the entry of gas into the oven, which makes it possible to adjust the height of the level 29 of the metal in the member 1.
  • the casting installation makes it possible to control the filling of the mold 27 by means of the pressure Pr, which makes it possible to obtain thin or complex shaped parts by the supply under pressure Pr liquid metal 28 in the mold 27.
  • the rounding of the pouring channel along the axis 8 reduces the size compared to a straight channel by bringing the mold 27 closer to the oven 9.
  • the constancy of the radius R avoids the use of a very pronounced bend such than in the classic configuration. Indeed, in this case, there are significant temperature heterogeneities in the elbow. These heterogeneities are linked to an overconcentration of power in the inner part of the elbow due to the approximation of the turns at this location.
  • the heterogeneity of temperature leads to heterogeneity of health of the parts in the mold.
  • the use of a member with a constant radius of curvature eliminates this effect.
  • the regularity of the rectilinear axis 8 or of constant radius R makes it possible to clean the channel with tools such as scrapers which would be blocked by an elbow.
  • the highly oxidizable metal alloys generate fouling in the member 1 which requires cleaning, preferably hot, to avoid obstruction of the member 1.
  • the inductor 3 makes it possible to generate induced currents within the liquid metal 28 which results in stirring facilitating the thermal homogenization of the metal.
  • the amount of mixing is controlled by the choice of frequency.
  • Low frequencies are also preferable in the case of a large refractory tube diameter 4 or when it is desired to limit the problems of infiltration towards the coil of the inductor 3.
  • a high frequency proves to be more favorable for limiting the movements of turbulence inside the channel, which can be the cause of variations in the health of the parts (blisters, inclusions, etc.).
  • the choice of the frequency in the inductor 3 is therefore a compromise between these different parameters.
  • the type of heating according to the invention makes it possible to obtain an excellent temperature precision in the heating member by fixing the electrical parameters; which allows the use of the heating member 1 to pour the metal 28 with a high melting point, above 1400 ° C. and / or highly oxidizable, at a temperature which can be precisely regulated.
  • This ability to regulate the temperature precisely allows it to be adjusted in very specific areas.
  • the temperature Tc of pouring in the channel can be very close to the liquidus, without risk of solidification of the metal.
  • the diagram in FIG. 3 represents an equilibrium diagram of a copper-nickel alloy.
  • the upper curve L is called liquidus, the lower curve S solidus.
  • the ordinate indicates the temperature in degrees Celsius
  • the abscissa the percentage of copper and nickel starting from a metal 100% copper at the origin
  • the diagram ends with a metal made of 100% nickel.
  • the metal alloy at a temperature higher than the liquidus L is liquid. If it is at a temperature lower than solidus S, it is a solid solution.
  • Induction heating provides good temperature accuracy through electrical parameters.
  • the precise regulation makes it possible to work at relatively low temperatures (for example at 50 ° C above the liquidus).
  • FIG. 3 shows that an alloy of 80% nickel and 20% copper can be cast at 1450 ° C. at the temperature TC situated at 50 ° C. above the temperature TL of the liquidus L.
  • a temperature TC relatively low is advantageous for obtaining a better surface finish of the parts, a limitation of the reactions between the mold and the metal and a grain size refined by a higher cooling rate.
  • the induction heating of the member 1 makes it possible to prevent any solidification in the member 1.
  • the heating is particularly advantageous when the metal 28 remains constantly at inside the organ 1.
  • the invention can be used for nickel-based superalloys which are characterized by relatively high liquidus L temperatures TL, typically above 1400 ° C.
  • the invention can also be used for oxidizable alloys or alternatively for steels which also have liquidus temperatures above 1400 ° C., even in the case of highly alloyed steels of the stainless type.
  • Maintaining the metal 28 at a level 29 close to the upper part of the member 1 makes it possible to clean the bath between two successive flows.
  • the liquid metal remaining near the mold 27, the casting times are shorter and the turbulence generated by the movement of the liquid metal 28 attenuated.
  • the thermal regulation of the member 1 is better, which limits the transient thermal regimes which can be the cause of variations in the health of the parts.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates on a diagram the adjustment of the temperature by variations in voltage across the terminals of the inductor 3.
  • the abscissa indicates the voltage in kilo-Volts.
  • the ordinate the temperature of the metal.
  • the dotted horizontal line represents the liquidus temperature measured on cooling of the alloy used during the experiment. The tests showed that the temperature Tc of the metal in the organ was linear and proportional to the voltage applied to the terminals of the inductor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP94906249A 1993-02-08 1994-02-07 Procede de fabrication d'un organe chauffant de transfert de metal liquide, organe chauffant, son application et son utilisation Expired - Lifetime EP0682575B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9301497A FR2701225B1 (fr) 1993-02-08 1993-02-08 Procédé de fabrication d'un organe chauffant de transfert de métal liquide, organe chauffant, son application et son utilisation.
FR9301497 1993-02-08
PCT/FR1994/000139 WO1994017938A1 (fr) 1993-02-08 1994-02-07 Procede de fabrication d'un organe chauffant de transfert de metal liquide, organe chauffant, son application et son utilisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0682575A1 EP0682575A1 (fr) 1995-11-22
EP0682575B1 true EP0682575B1 (fr) 1996-11-13

Family

ID=9443930

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94906249A Expired - Lifetime EP0682575B1 (fr) 1993-02-08 1994-02-07 Procede de fabrication d'un organe chauffant de transfert de metal liquide, organe chauffant, son application et son utilisation

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US5708257A (da)
EP (1) EP0682575B1 (da)
JP (1) JP2740354B2 (da)
KR (1) KR0178580B1 (da)
BR (1) BR9406160A (da)
CA (1) CA2155555C (da)
DE (1) DE69400909T2 (da)
DK (1) DK0682575T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2094648T3 (da)
FR (1) FR2701225B1 (da)
PL (1) PL178393B1 (da)
RU (1) RU2107237C1 (da)
WO (1) WO1994017938A1 (da)
ZA (1) ZA94602B (da)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2727883B1 (fr) * 1994-12-09 1997-01-17 Seva Conduit de coulee de metal liquide, procede et dispositif pour l'homogeneisation du metal
DE19829191A1 (de) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-05 Be Automation Giesereitechnik Druckvergiesseinrichtung
CZ20031848A3 (cs) * 2000-12-27 2003-12-17 Hoei Shokai Co., Ltd. Kontejner k přepravě roztavených kovů
GB2405367B (en) * 2002-05-31 2006-11-29 Hoei Shokai Co Ltd Container capable of transporting molten metal stored therein to distant factory and method of producing the container
GB2443123B (en) * 2004-02-20 2008-06-18 Hoei Shokai Co Ltd Container, storing bath and a method of producing the container
GB2459509B (en) 2008-04-25 2011-05-11 Goodwin Plc An apparatus for casting and a method of casting
EP2180281A1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-04-28 Krown Servicios Integrales de Fundición, S.A. Liquid metal dispensing oven
CN110722140B (zh) * 2019-09-27 2021-01-19 安徽华铂再生资源科技有限公司 一种基于导铅槽的多级加热装置
US12089301B1 (en) 2023-04-21 2024-09-10 Wagstaff, Inc. Material, apparatus, and method for electrically shielding heated components

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3604598A (en) * 1969-07-09 1971-09-14 United States Steel Corp Outlet passage construction for teeming vessels
US4161647A (en) * 1977-11-29 1979-07-17 Henri Carbonnel Electrically heated spigot for connecting an electromagnetic supplying pump to the inlet of a low pressure casting mould
FR2532866B1 (fr) * 1982-09-13 1985-06-07 Pont A Mousson Chenal de coulee chauffe par induction
DE3842690C2 (de) * 1988-12-19 1998-04-30 Didier Werke Ag Feuerfeste Verbindung sowie Induktionsspule hierfür
US4946082A (en) * 1989-07-10 1990-08-07 General Electric Company Transfer tube with in situ heater
FR2670697B1 (fr) * 1990-12-24 1993-03-12 Pont A Mousson Chenal pour la mise en óoeuvre d'un procede de coulee sous pression d'un alliage metallique.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL310124A1 (en) 1995-11-27
EP0682575A1 (fr) 1995-11-22
US5708257A (en) 1998-01-13
ZA94602B (en) 1994-09-26
ES2094648T3 (es) 1997-01-16
DE69400909D1 (de) 1996-12-19
JPH08502451A (ja) 1996-03-19
JP2740354B2 (ja) 1998-04-15
CA2155555C (fr) 2002-09-17
KR0178580B1 (ko) 1999-02-18
BR9406160A (pt) 1996-01-02
PL178393B1 (pl) 2000-04-28
RU2107237C1 (ru) 1998-03-20
DK0682575T3 (da) 1997-04-28
WO1994017938A1 (fr) 1994-08-18
CA2155555A1 (fr) 1994-08-18
FR2701225B1 (fr) 1995-04-21
FR2701225A1 (fr) 1994-08-12
DE69400909T2 (de) 1997-03-13

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