EP0745314B1 - Moyen et bati pour le prechauffage d'un conduit de coulee de metal - Google Patents
Moyen et bati pour le prechauffage d'un conduit de coulee de metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0745314B1 EP0745314B1 EP95907725A EP95907725A EP0745314B1 EP 0745314 B1 EP0745314 B1 EP 0745314B1 EP 95907725 A EP95907725 A EP 95907725A EP 95907725 A EP95907725 A EP 95907725A EP 0745314 B1 EP0745314 B1 EP 0745314B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- preheating
- conduit
- frame
- refractory material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
- B22D35/06—Heating or cooling equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
- B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
Definitions
- the present invention relates to preheating of a metal casting duct. It concerns first place a means of preheating a duct, of the type comprising a hollow refractory piece along its length opening with closed cross section surrounded by a insulating coating, itself surrounded by an inductor surrounded of refractory concrete contained in a carcass.
- French patent application N ° 93 01 497 in the name of the Applicant describes a conduit of the aforementioned type.
- the metal transfer heating pipes are particularly advantageous for the transmission of a metal at high casting temperature, especially for casting ascending under low pressure.
- liquid metal may not be present for a longer or shorter duration in the drove. It is then interesting to keep this one constantly preheated during this time.
- Heating and maintaining the liquid metal contained in the refractory duct are provided by the inductor traversed by alternating current at medium or high frequency. This heating mode transfers directly to the liquid metal the electrical energy under form of thermal energy. Since it doesn't use any element intermediate such as graphite, energy transfer is direct and the yield is better. Frequency traversing the inductor is typically in the range 1000-15000 Hertz.
- Document FR-A-2 670 697 also describes a runner, without additional preheating device.
- the preheating means according to the invention comprises the inductor of the casting conduit and a element made of a refractory and conductive material electric to radiate energy evenly across the internal surface of the duct.
- the invention also relates to a frame for the quickly removable positioning, in a casting, of an element of refractory material conforms to that described above. This in the goal of minimizing heat loss in the duct between the end of preheating and its filling with metal.
- the frame includes a part fixed and a movable part on which the element is fixed made of refractory material.
- the fixed part has a system guiding the movable part so as to maintain centered the refractory element in the room during the whole displacement.
- the conduit 3 is fixed to an oven 4 which can contain liquid metal.
- the preheating means 2 is a metal tube made of nickel alloy containing 15% chromium. He is bent to the radius of curvature R of the axis of the shaped part 5.
- the frame 1 comprises a fixed parallelepiped part mechanically welded 12. Mechanically welded elements are assembled vertically and horizontally to form a cage squirrel.
- a guide system 13 is integral with the fixed part 12 of the frame.
- the guidance system consists diabolo rollers 14 arranged in three (14a, 14b, 14c) in the same vertical plane. Two rollers 14a, 14c are located inside the trajectory circle C of the element 2. The third roller 14b is located at outside the trajectory circle C. These rollers are fixed on a plate 15, itself fixed on the element bottom horizontal mechanically welded 16 of the fixed part 12.
- the fixed part 12 of the frame can be lifted and moved by means of a lifting pin 17 fixed on its the top part.
- a positioning device 18 on the carcass On the horizontal lower element 16 is fixed a positioning device 18 on the carcass.
- This device 18 comprises two vertical plates 19 and 20 extending downward and arranged on either side of the carcass.
- Horizontal pads 21 and 22 are welded respectively under the plates 19 and 20.
- the shoe 22 is secured to frustoconical studs 23. Skates 21 and 22 come to rest respectively on growths horizontal 24 and 25 of the metal carcass 11 located at the top of the casting duct 3.
- On the plate 25 On the plate 25 are formed through holes through the axis vertical and allowing the centering of the frame 1 by through the studs 23.
- the frame 1 also includes a movable part 26 on which is fixed a sleeve 27 allowing the preheating means 2 to be embedded. preheating means 2 is maintained in the sleeve 27 at by means of a screw 28.
- the moving part has two guide rails 29 and 30 each positioned in a vertical plane and bent at the radius of curvature R.
- the guide rails 29 and 30 are arranged on either side and on the other side of the preheating element 2 at a distance sufficient of the casting line 3.
- Each end bottom of rails 29 and 30 includes a stopper 31 and 32.
- Each rail 29, 30 is guided by a set of three rollers 14a, 14b, 14c.
- the plan of each rail 29, 30 coincides with the plan of the set of three rollers 14a, 14b, 14c.
- Rail 29 shown in cross section at Fig. 3 is guided between the two diabolo rollers 14a and 14b, which have a V-shaped groove 33a allowing guiding by centering the edge 34 of the rail 29.
- the rail is held by a second roller 14b arranged on the opposite side of the cross section of the rail 29.
- the preheating element 2 can be formed of a chain consisting of balls linked together and which can be installed and removed in complex shaped conduits.
- the element of preheating 2 can be hollow or full. It is indeed better to use a preheating element 2 hollow when the frequency is high (10,000 Hz) and a preheating element 2 full when frequency F is low (1000 Hz).
- This preheating means allows a regular and homogeneous rise in temperature in any point inside the duct 3, which avoids apart, the cracks in the hollow refractory piece 5 during preheating and on the other hand, to freeze the metal liquid during its transfer through the conduit 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- l'élément constitué en matériau réfractaire et conducteur électrique est en métal austénitique, ce qui permet d'obtenir un bon rendement énergétique du début jusqu'à la fin du préchauffage ;
- l'élément en matériau réfractaire est en alliage de nickel contenant du chrome ;
- l'élément en matériau réfractaire est en graphite ;
- la section transversale de l'élément en matériau réfractaire est inférieure et centrée par rapport' au creux de la pièce réfractaire ;
- l'élément en matériau réfractaire est un tube droit à rayon de courbure constant.
- la partie fixe comprend des galets diabolos auxquels sont associés des rails de guidage appartenant à la partie mobile ;
- la partie fixe étant amovible, elle comporte au moins un moyen de fixation sur la carcasse et de centrage par rapport au conduit ;
- le moyen de centrage comporte un plot coopérant avec un logement aménagé dans la carcasse.
- La Fig. 1 représente schématiquement en coupe verticale un bâti et un moyen de préchauffage adapté à un conduit de coulée ;
- la Fig. 2 représente schématiquement en vue latérale le bâti et le moyen de préchauffage ;
- la Fig. 3 représente le détail d'un rail de la Fig. 2 entre les galets diabolos.
- d'une pièce de forme 5 en matériau céramique alumineux présentant un axe 6 de rayon de courbure R constant et une section transversale circulaire ;
- d'un revêtement isolant 7 en tissu fibreux entourant la pièce de forme 5 ;
- d'un inducteur hélicoïdal 8 constitué de plusieurs spires 9 noyées dans un béton réfractaire 10 contenu dans une carcasse métallique 11. L'inducteur est connecté à un générateur à courant alternatif, on applique à ses bornes a et b une tension U et une fréquence F.
Claims (8)
- Moyen de préchauffage d'un conduit (3) de coulée de métal, du type comportant sur sa longueur une pièce (5) réfractaire creuse débouchante à section transversale fermée, successivement entourée d'un éventuel revêtement isolant (7), d'un inducteur (8), d'un béton réfractaire (10) contenu dans une carcasse (11), ledit moyen comprenant un élément (2) constitué d'un tube en matériau réfractaire et conducteur électrique pour rayonner l'énergie de manière uniforme sur la surface interne du conduit (3), la section transversale dudit élément (2) en matériau réfractaire étant inférieure et centrée par rapport au creux de la pièce réfractaire (5), caractérisé en ce que l'élément (2) en matériau réfractaire est un tube cintré, au même rayon de courbure R que l'axe de la pièce réfractaire creuse (5).
- Moyen de préchauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (2) constitué en matériau réfractaire et conducteur électrique est en métal austénitique.
- Moyen de préchauffage selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément (2) en matériau réfractaire est en alliage de nickel contenant du chrome.
- Moyen de préchauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément (2) en matériau réfractaire est en graphite.
- Bâti pour le positionnement rapidement démontable, dans un conduit de coulée (3), d'un élément (2) en matériau réfractaire conforme à l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une partie fixe (12) et une partie mobile (26) sur laquelle est fixé l'élément en matériau réfractaire (2), la partie fixe (12) comportant un système de guidage (13) de la partie mobile (26) de manière à maintenir centré l'élément réfractaire (2) dans la pièce (5) pendant tout le déplacement.
- Bâti selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la partie fixe (12) comprend des galets (14, 14a, 14b, 14c) auxquels sont associés des rails de guidage (29, 30) appartenant à la partie mobile (26).
- Bâti selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la partie fixe (12) étant amovible, elle comporte au moins un moyen de fixation sur la carcasse (11) et de centrage par rapport au conduit.
- Bâti selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de centrage comporte un plot (23) coopérant avec un logement aménagé dans la carcasse (11).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9401795 | 1994-02-14 | ||
FR9401795A FR2720591B1 (fr) | 1994-02-14 | 1994-02-14 | Moyen et bâti pour le préchauffage d'un conduit de coulée de métal. |
PCT/FR1995/000112 WO1995022240A1 (fr) | 1994-02-14 | 1995-02-01 | Moyen et bati pour le prechauffage d'un conduit de coulee de metal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0745314A1 EP0745314A1 (fr) | 1996-12-04 |
EP0745314B1 true EP0745314B1 (fr) | 1998-06-10 |
Family
ID=9460166
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95907725A Expired - Lifetime EP0745314B1 (fr) | 1994-02-14 | 1995-02-01 | Moyen et bati pour le prechauffage d'un conduit de coulee de metal |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5799718A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0745314B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2837278B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR970701487A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9506775A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2182945A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69502937T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0745314T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2117403T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2720591B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL315664A1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2113938C1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1995022240A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA951174B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100032455A1 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-11 | Timothy James Cooper | Control pin and spout system for heating metal casting distribution spout configurations |
WO2024097523A1 (fr) | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-10 | Martinrea International US Inc. | Bordage et rabattage assistés thermiquement de pièces moulées en aluminium |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR638843A (fr) * | 1926-12-21 | 1928-06-04 | Procédé pour la fabrication d'objets en substances réfractaires, isolantes ou abrasives, etc. | |
FR1476160A (fr) * | 1966-04-14 | 1967-04-07 | Johns Manville | Appareil servant à fournir un courant continu de matière minérale fondue à un débit soutenu |
FR2342619A1 (fr) * | 1976-02-25 | 1977-09-23 | Physique Appliquee Ind | Dispositif de chauffage par induction |
FR2532866B1 (fr) * | 1982-09-13 | 1985-06-07 | Pont A Mousson | Chenal de coulee chauffe par induction |
FR2666037B1 (fr) * | 1990-08-27 | 1995-01-27 | Pont A Mousson | Installation de positionnement et de serrage de moules de fonderie. |
FR2670697B1 (fr) * | 1990-12-24 | 1993-03-12 | Pont A Mousson | Chenal pour la mise en óoeuvre d'un procede de coulee sous pression d'un alliage metallique. |
-
1994
- 1994-02-14 FR FR9401795A patent/FR2720591B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-02-01 ES ES95907725T patent/ES2117403T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-01 DK DK95907725T patent/DK0745314T3/da active
- 1995-02-01 KR KR1019960704445A patent/KR970701487A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-02-01 WO PCT/FR1995/000112 patent/WO1995022240A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1995-02-01 EP EP95907725A patent/EP0745314B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-01 BR BR9506775A patent/BR9506775A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-02-01 US US08/693,326 patent/US5799718A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-01 PL PL95315664A patent/PL315664A1/xx unknown
- 1995-02-01 DE DE69502937T patent/DE69502937T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-01 RU RU96118253A patent/RU2113938C1/ru active
- 1995-02-01 JP JP7521001A patent/JP2837278B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-01 CA CA002182945A patent/CA2182945A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1995-02-14 ZA ZA951174A patent/ZA951174B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH09501872A (ja) | 1997-02-25 |
DE69502937D1 (de) | 1998-07-16 |
PL315664A1 (en) | 1996-11-25 |
BR9506775A (pt) | 1997-10-14 |
FR2720591B1 (fr) | 1996-08-09 |
EP0745314A1 (fr) | 1996-12-04 |
JP2837278B2 (ja) | 1998-12-14 |
DE69502937T2 (de) | 1998-10-22 |
US5799718A (en) | 1998-09-01 |
DK0745314T3 (da) | 1999-03-22 |
KR970701487A (ko) | 1997-03-17 |
WO1995022240A1 (fr) | 1995-08-17 |
ZA951174B (en) | 1996-02-09 |
CA2182945A1 (fr) | 1995-08-17 |
FR2720591A1 (fr) | 1995-12-01 |
ES2117403T3 (es) | 1998-08-01 |
RU2113938C1 (ru) | 1998-06-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0103220B1 (fr) | Chenal de coulée chauffé par induction | |
CH652331A5 (fr) | Pince a souder. | |
EP0745314B1 (fr) | Moyen et bati pour le prechauffage d'un conduit de coulee de metal | |
FR2661849A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositifs de rechauffage par induction au defile d'un produit metallurgique de forme allongee. | |
EP0526362B1 (fr) | Procédé pour braser in situ un élément métallique sur un support métallique et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre | |
WO1994026444A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'alimentation en metal en fusion, notamment en fonte, d'une machine de coulee, et installation de coulee integrant ce dispositif d'alimentation | |
EP0682575B1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'un organe chauffant de transfert de metal liquide, organe chauffant, son application et son utilisation | |
CA2057779A1 (fr) | Installation d'essais au sol pour reacteur d'aeronef a tuyere orientable | |
FR2647814A1 (fr) | Enceinte utilisable pour recouvrir d'un revetement a base de metal ou d'alliage metallique des objets de forme allongee defilant a travers elle | |
BE1004612A6 (fr) | Dispositif de prechauffage d'une busette de coulee d'un metal en fusion. | |
FR2519025A2 (fr) | Perfectionnement au procede et a l'appareillage de recuit continu de fils metalliques | |
FR2670697A1 (fr) | Chenal pour la mise en óoeuvre d'un procede de coulee sous pression d'un alliage metallique. | |
FR2500849A1 (fr) | Dispositif de refroidissement rapide de tubes metalliques | |
EP0666325A1 (fr) | Four à courant continu de fusion de métal | |
FR2628993A3 (fr) | Dispositif d'obturation laterale de l'espace de coulee d'une lingotiere de coulee continue entre cylindres | |
EP0800427A1 (fr) | Conduit de coulee de metal liquide, procede et dispositif pour l'homogeneisation du metal | |
EP0393005A2 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un produit métallique coulé en continu | |
WO2000006321A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour couler des lingots d'un metal liquide non ferreux | |
EP0240482B1 (fr) | Dispositif pour la coulée de l'acier | |
FR2875513A1 (fr) | Procede de protection d'une gaine en ceramique de thermoplongeur, pour bain metallique non ferreux, et thermoplongeur equipe d'un dispositif de protection de sa gaine | |
FR2894167A1 (fr) | Equipement pour la coulee en repartiteur de coulee continue des metaux | |
EP0914929A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'évacuation pour une purge d'une extrudeuse ou d'une tête d'extrusion | |
FR2682254A1 (fr) | Dispositif de maintien d'electrode dans un four a arc. | |
FR2690365A1 (fr) | Dispositif de chauffage pour une installation de coulée continue de métal. | |
BE469164A (fr) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19960906 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE DE DK ES FR GB IT NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19970110 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE DE DK ES FR GB IT NL SE |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: JACOBACCI & PERANI S.P.A. |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19980611 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69502937 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19980716 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2117403 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19990119 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Payment date: 19990120 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20000901 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20000901 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20050118 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20050309 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20060120 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060202 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20060221 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060228 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20060228 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20070201 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *SEVA Effective date: 20060228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070201 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20070202 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20080213 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070202 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090901 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20140225 Year of fee payment: 20 |