EP0672799A2 - Plastic branching unit for canals - Google Patents
Plastic branching unit for canals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0672799A2 EP0672799A2 EP95890049A EP95890049A EP0672799A2 EP 0672799 A2 EP0672799 A2 EP 0672799A2 EP 95890049 A EP95890049 A EP 95890049A EP 95890049 A EP95890049 A EP 95890049A EP 0672799 A2 EP0672799 A2 EP 0672799A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- channel
- cover insert
- plastic
- branches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/02—Manhole shafts or other inspection chambers; Snow-filling openings; accessories
- E03F5/024—Manhole shafts or other inspection chambers; Snow-filling openings; accessories made of plastic material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/02—Manhole shafts or other inspection chambers; Snow-filling openings; accessories
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/02—Manhole shafts or other inspection chambers; Snow-filling openings; accessories
- E03F5/021—Connection of sewer pipes to manhole shaft
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plastic tap for channels with a channel bottom, which forms a channel made of branching channels branches opening into pipe sleeves.
- Branches are used to integrate individual sewer lines, such as house connection ducts, secondary ducts and the like, into the main sewer network, these branches being arranged in the region of a manhole for control and maintenance reasons.
- the known branches are installed at the bottom of the shaft and form an open channel to make the channel with the branching branches and the subsequent sewer pipes accessible for inspection and maintenance work through the shaft, these branches mostly made of precast concrete parts or from a suitable one There are embedded plastic shells.
- the open channel bottoms are subject to certain installation regulations, which primarily limit the gradient and the possible flow velocities, which often leads to difficulties in channel routing.
- the sewer line in the shaft area is designed for a max.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating these deficiencies and creating a plastic tap of the type described, which is characterized by its large area of application and its susceptibility to malfunction, while being easy to maintain.
- the invention solves this problem in that the channel bottom is provided as the bottom of a cylindrical branch pot which can be closed with a cover insert, which cover insert has the open channel branches inside the branch pot to form closed hood branches which merge into the pipe sleeves.
- the channel dimensions can be adjusted to a high degree of filling and any entry of extraneous water and abrasive foreign substances is reliably avoided, which increases the self-cleaning effect and reduces the risk of clogging and abrasion.
- the inside of the pot is freely accessible by removing the cover insert and an open channel bottom is available for maintenance, inspection and cleaning work, which also means that known surveillance cameras and the like can be run in. Like. Allows.
- the junction box with its cover insert can be rationally produced as a plastic fitting, preferably made of PP, and simplifies the entire ducting.
- the cover insert with a circumferential edge flange can be placed and screwed onto the junction box with the insertion of a sealing ring, the junction box can be closed and opened with just a few hand movements, whereby the use of a lip seal that is self-sealing under internal pressure is possible.
- a sealing plug extending into the subsequent pipe branch preferably having a rotational position lock
- a sealing plug extending into the subsequent pipe branch can be inserted into the pipe sleeves, so that one or the other pipe branch can be closed without affecting the flow conditions of the other flume branches and, if necessary, additional secondary lines and inlets can subsequently be used with little effort get connected.
- the rotational position lock for example a guide lug engaging in a guide groove of the sleeve, ensures that the plug is seated correctly so that there are no cross-sectional changes in the branching pot for the remaining pipe branches.
- a ventilation pipe is connected to a pipe sleeve via a bend, since the tap can then be used as a ventilation point for ventilating the duct system despite its closed pipe routing.
- this cover insert accommodates a walk-on cover plate, this cover insert can be designed in a material-saving manner, regardless of the accessibility of the junction, solely in the sense of the corresponding stability and shape, whereupon a simple, suitably fixable cover plate brings the required accessibility with it.
- a plastic tap 1 for channels consists of a tap pot 2, the bottom 3 of which forms a flume 4 of branching flume branches 4a opening into pipe sleeves 5.
- the junction pot 2 can be closed with a cover insert 6, which has the channel branches 4a following, to them mirror images of the hood formations 7, so that when the junction box is closed, the channel branches 4a and the hood versions 7 result in tubular branches which pass into the pipe sockets 5.
- the cover insert 6 is placed on the junction cup 2 with an edge flange 9 and screwed tight by means of locking screws 10 with the interposition of an annular seal 11.
- a cover plate 12 placed on the cover insert 6 covers the hood formations 7 and the required stiffening ribs 6a and the like. and offers a walkable surface of the tap 1.
- one of the pipe sleeves 5 can be closed off by means of a sealing plug 13, which plug 3 projects with a sealing attachment 14 into the associated pipe branch 8, so that the routing of the remaining pipe branches is not impaired by the closure of this one pipe branch.
- a sealing plug 13 can therefore be used to prepare branching points when laying a tap, which enables a simple subsequent connection of a further inlet.
- a ventilation pipe 16 is connected to a pipe sleeve 5a for the inlets via an elbow 15, which brings a ventilation of the channel with it.
- the ventilation pipe 16 can be pulled up correspondingly far and, if necessary, covered with a filter cap 17 or the like.
- the plastic tap 1 according to the invention makes it possible to guide the channel in closed pipe branches even in the direct tap area without impairing the serviceability and control capability, so that a substantial expansion of the tap area can be achieved while increasing the functional reliability.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Kunststoffabzweiger für Kanäle mit einer Rinnensohle, die ein Gerinne aus sich verzweigenden, in Rohrmuffen ausmündenden Gerinneästen bildet.The invention relates to a plastic tap for channels with a channel bottom, which forms a channel made of branching channels branches opening into pipe sleeves.
Abzweiger dienen zum Einbinden von einzelnen Kanalleitungen, wie Hausanschlußkanälen, Nebenkanälen u.dgl., in das Hauptkanalnetz, wobei diese Abzweiger aus Kontroll- und Wartungsgründen im Bereich eines Kanalschachtes angeordnet sind. Die bekannten Abzweiger werden am Grund des Schachtes verlegt und bilden ein offenes Gerinne, um durch den Schacht das Gerinne mit den sich verzweigenden Gerinneästen und die anschließenden Kanalrohre zu Inspektions- und Wartungsarbeiten zugänglich zu machen, wobei diese Abzweiger meist aus Betonfertigteilen oder aus in einem geeigneten Fundament eingebetteten Kunststoffschalen bestehen. Die offenen Rinnensohlen sind allerdings bestimmten Einbauvorschriften unterworfen, die vor allem das Gefälle und die möglichen Fließgeschwindigkeiten begrenzen, was häufig Schwierigkeiten bei der Kanalführung mit sich bringt. Außerdem ist im Schachtbereich die Kanalleitung im Sinne eines max. 50 % Füllgrades zu dimensionieren, da sonst Überflutungen des Schachtbodens mit der Gefahr von Ablagerungen, Verstopfungen, Geruchsbelästigungen usw. zu befürchten sind, welcher geringere Füllgrad aber die Selbstreinigungstendenz beeinträchtigt, wozu noch die Möglichkeit einer zusätzlichen Verstopfung durch in den Kanalschacht eingeschwemmte Fremdkörper kommt.Branches are used to integrate individual sewer lines, such as house connection ducts, secondary ducts and the like, into the main sewer network, these branches being arranged in the region of a manhole for control and maintenance reasons. The known branches are installed at the bottom of the shaft and form an open channel to make the channel with the branching branches and the subsequent sewer pipes accessible for inspection and maintenance work through the shaft, these branches mostly made of precast concrete parts or from a suitable one There are embedded plastic shells. However, the open channel bottoms are subject to certain installation regulations, which primarily limit the gradient and the possible flow velocities, which often leads to difficulties in channel routing. In addition, the sewer line in the shaft area is designed for a max. Dimension 50% fill level, otherwise flooding of the shaft floor with the risk of deposits, blockages, unpleasant smells, etc. is to be feared, which lower fill level, however, affects the tendency to self-cleaning, which also leads to the possibility of additional blockage due to foreign bodies washed into the sewer shaft.
Auch spezielle Schachtausbildungen, wie der Kontrollschacht gemäß der CH-A5-682 933 oder der Kugelschacht gemäß der DD-A1-217 261, sind bisher mit offenen Gerinnen ausgestattet, so daß sich im Bereich der Abzweiger ähnliche Verhältnisse ergeben wie bei üblichen Kanalschächten.Special shaft designs, such as the control shaft in accordance with CH-A5-682 933 or the ball shaft in accordance with DD-A1-217 261, have so far been equipped with open channels, so that the conditions in the branch area are similar to those of conventional sewer shafts.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Mängel zu beseitigen und einen Kunststoffabzweiger der eingangs geschilderten Art zu schaffen, der sich bei erforderlicher Wartungsfreundlichkeit durch seinen großen Einsatzbereich und seine Störunanfälligkeit auszeichnet.The invention is therefore based on the object of eliminating these deficiencies and creating a plastic tap of the type described, which is characterized by its large area of application and its susceptibility to malfunction, while being easy to maintain.
Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß die Rinnensohle als Boden eines zylindrischen, mit einem Abdeckeinsatz verschließbaren Abzweigertopfes vorgesehen ist, welcher Abdeckeinsatz die offenen Gerinneäste innerhalb des Abzweigertopfes zu geschlossenen, in die Rohrmuffen übergehenden Rohrästen ergänzende Haubenausformungen aufweist. Durch das Schließen des Abzweigertopfes entstehen durchgehend geschlossene Rohre bzw. Rohräste auch im eigentlichen Verzweigungsbereich des Gerinnes, so daß beim Verlegen des Abzweigers keine üblichen Einbauvorschriften mehr eingehalten werden müssen und das Gerinne mit praktisch beliebigem Gefälle installiert werden kann, was den Einsatzbereich des Abzweigers erweitert und ihn beispielsweise auch für eine Hauskanalisation geeignet macht. Innerhalb des Gerinnes gibt es dabei keine Querschnittsänderungen, wodurch konstante Fließbedingungen herrschen und keine Ablagerungen zu befürchten sind. Die Kanaldimensionierung kann auf einen hohen Füllgrad abgestimmt werden und jeder Eintrag von Fremdwasser und abrasiven Fremdstoffen ist sicher vermieden, womit der Selbstreinigungseffekt verstärkt und die Verstopfungs- und Abriebgefahren sinken. Darüber hinaus wird durch ein Abnehmen des Abdeckeinsatzes das Topfinnere frei zugänglich und für die Wartungs-, Kontroll- und Reinigungsarbeiten steht wie bisher eine offene Rinnensohle zur Verfügung, was auch das Einfahren bekannter Überwachungskameras u. dgl. ermöglicht. Der Abzweigertopf mit seinem Abdeckeinsatz läßt sich als Kunststoff-Formstück rationell, vorzugsweise aus PP, herstellen und bringt eine Vereinfachung der gesamten Kanalführung mit sich.The invention solves this problem in that the channel bottom is provided as the bottom of a cylindrical branch pot which can be closed with a cover insert, which cover insert has the open channel branches inside the branch pot to form closed hood branches which merge into the pipe sleeves. By closing the junction pot, continuously closed pipes or pipe branches are created even in the actual branching area of the channel, so that when installing the junction there are no longer any normal installation instructions to be followed and the channel can be installed with practically any slope, which expands and extends the area of application of the junction makes it suitable for domestic sewage systems, for example. There are no changes in cross-section within the channel, which means that there are constant flow conditions and no deposits are to be feared. The channel dimensions can be adjusted to a high degree of filling and any entry of extraneous water and abrasive foreign substances is reliably avoided, which increases the self-cleaning effect and reduces the risk of clogging and abrasion. In addition, the inside of the pot is freely accessible by removing the cover insert and an open channel bottom is available for maintenance, inspection and cleaning work, which also means that known surveillance cameras and the like can be run in. Like. Allows. The junction box with its cover insert can be rationally produced as a plastic fitting, preferably made of PP, and simplifies the entire ducting.
Ist der Abdeckeinsatz mit einem umlaufenden Randflansch unter Einlage eines Dichtringes auf den Abzweigtopf aufsetzbar und festschraubbar, läßt sich der Abzweigertopf mit wenigen Handgriffen verschließen und öffnen, wobei die Verwendung einer bei Innendruck selbstdichtenden Lippendichtung möglich ist.If the cover insert with a circumferential edge flange can be placed and screwed onto the junction box with the insertion of a sealing ring, the junction box can be closed and opened with just a few hand movements, whereby the use of a lip seal that is self-sealing under internal pressure is possible.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist in die Rohrmuffen ein sich bis in den anschließenden Rohrast erstreckender, vorzugsweise eine Drehlagesicherung aufweisender Verschlußstopfen einsteckbar, so daß der eine oder andere Rohrast, ohne die Strömungsverhältnisse der übrigen Gerinneäste zu beeinträchtigen, abgeschlossen werden kann und sich gegebenenfalls nachträglich zusätzliche Nebenleitungen und Zuläufe aufwandsarm anschließen lassen. Die Drehlagesicherung, beispielsweise eine in eine Führungsnut der Muffe eingreifende Führungsnase, sorgt dabei für den richtigen Sitz des Stopfens, damit es im Abzweigertopf zu keinen Querschnittsänderungen für die verbleibende Rohräste kommt.Expediently, a sealing plug extending into the subsequent pipe branch, preferably having a rotational position lock, can be inserted into the pipe sleeves, so that one or the other pipe branch can be closed without affecting the flow conditions of the other flume branches and, if necessary, additional secondary lines and inlets can subsequently be used with little effort get connected. The rotational position lock, for example a guide lug engaging in a guide groove of the sleeve, ensures that the plug is seated correctly so that there are no cross-sectional changes in the branching pot for the remaining pipe branches.
Günstig ist es weiters, wenn an einer Rohrmuffe über einen Krümmer ein Lüftungsrohr anschließt, da dann der Abzweiger trotz seiner geschlossenen Rohrführung als Belüftungsstelle zum Be- und Entlüften des Kanalsystems genutzt werden kann.It is also expedient if a ventilation pipe is connected to a pipe sleeve via a bend, since the tap can then be used as a ventilation point for ventilating the duct system despite its closed pipe routing.
Nimmt der Abdeckeinsatz eine begehbare Deckplatte auf, kann dieser Abdeckeinsatz ohne Rücksichtnahme auf die Begehbarkeit des Abzweigers allein im Sinne der entsprechenden Stabilität und Formgebung materialsparend ausgestaltet werden, worauf dann eine einfache, geeignet fixierbare Deckplatte die erforderliche Begehbarkeit mit sich bringt.If the cover insert accommodates a walk-on cover plate, this cover insert can be designed in a material-saving manner, regardless of the accessibility of the junction, solely in the sense of the corresponding stability and shape, whereupon a simple, suitably fixable cover plate brings the required accessibility with it.
In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise veranschaulicht, und zwar zeigen
- Fig. 1
- einen erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoffabzweiger im Schaubild,
- Fig. 2
- diesen Kunststoffabzweiger in einer Explosionsdarstellung,
- Fig. 3
- den Kunststoffabzweiger im Axialschnitt und
- Fig. 4
- ein geändertes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Kunststoffabzweigers im Schaubild.
- Fig. 1
- a plastic tap according to the invention in the diagram,
- Fig. 2
- this plastic tap in an exploded view,
- Fig. 3
- the plastic tap in axial section and
- Fig. 4
- a modified embodiment of a plastic tap in the diagram.
Ein Kunststoffabzweiger 1 für Kanäle besteht aus einem Abzweigertopf 2, dessen Boden 3 ein Gerinne 4 aus sich verzweigenden, in Rohrmuffen 5 ausmündenden Gerinneästen 4a bildet. Der Abzweigertopf 2 läßt sich mit einem Abdeckeinsatz 6 verschließen, der den Gerinneästen 4a folgende, zu diesen spiegelbildliche Haubenausformungen 7 aufweist, so daß bei geschlossenem Abzweigertopf aus den Gerinneästen 4a und den Haubenausfomrungen 7 in die Rohrmuffen 5 übergehende Rohräste entstehen.A
Der Abdeckeinsatz 6 ist mit einem Randflansch 9 am Abzweigertopf 2 aufgesetzt und mittels Verschlußschrauben 10 unter Zwischenlage einer Ringdichtung 11 festgeschraubt. Eine auf den Abdeckeinsatz 6 aufgelegte Deckplatte 12 überdeckt die Haubenausformungen 7 und die erforderlichen Versteifungsrippen 6a u.dgl. und bietet eine begehbare Oberfläche des Abzweigers 1.The
Wie in Fig. 2 angedeutet, kann eine der Rohrmuffen 5 mittels eines Verschlußstopfens 13 abgeschlossen werden, welcher Stopfen 3 mit einem Verschlußansatz 14 in den zugehörigen Rohrast 8 vorragt, so daß die Leitungsführung der verbleibenden Rohräste durch den Verschluß dieses einen Rohrastes nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Durch einen solchen Verschlußstopfen 13 lassen sich daher beim Verlegen eines Abzweigers Abzweigstellen vorbereiten, die einen einfachen nachträglichen Anschluß eines weiteren Zulaufes ermöglichen.As indicated in Fig. 2, one of the
Gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 4 ist an einer Rohrmuffe 5a für die Zuläufe über einen Krümmer 15 ein Lüftungsrohr 16 angeschlossen, das eine Be- und Entlüftung des Kanals mit sich bringt. Das Lüftungsrohr 16 kann je nach den vorhandenen Gegebenheiten entsprechend weit hochgezogen und erforderlichenfalls mit einer Filterkappe 17 od. dgl. abgedeckt sein.According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, a
Der erfindungsgemäße Kunststoffabzweiger 1 erlaubt es, auch im direkten Abzweigerbereich das Gerinne in geschlossenen Rohrästen zu führen, ohne dabei die Wartungs- und Kontrollfähigkeit zu beeinträchtigen, so daß sich eine wesentliche Erweiterung des Abzweigereinsatzbereiches bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung der Funktionssicherheit erreichen läßt.The
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT54594A AT400598B (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1994-03-15 | PLASTIC TUBE FOR CHANNELS |
AT545/94 | 1994-03-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0672799A2 true EP0672799A2 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
EP0672799A3 EP0672799A3 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
Family
ID=3493445
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95890049A Withdrawn EP0672799A3 (en) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-03-10 | Plastic branching unit for canals. |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0672799A3 (en) |
AT (1) | AT400598B (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ282280B6 (en) |
HU (1) | HU212292B (en) |
PL (1) | PL176154B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006038664A1 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2008-02-21 | Funke Kunststoffe Gmbh | Manhole base part for sewage water system, has lateral inlet that opens out in main channel, where main channel extends to collecting tank that have round contour when viewed from top, and base part is made of plastic |
EP2152979A1 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2010-02-17 | Pipelife Norge AS | Cover device for drainage inspection chambers |
CN105350578A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-24 | 山东海丽管道科技有限公司 | Compatible plastic inspection well and connecting structure of compatible plastic inspection well and pipeline |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1257305A (en) * | 1968-04-09 | 1971-12-15 | ||
US3756287A (en) * | 1972-03-16 | 1973-09-04 | R Bishop | Pipe fitting access |
FR2379658A1 (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1978-09-01 | Impex Bautechnik | Cleaning shaft for waste water underground pipes - has cover with conforming curve ensuring full bore on closing |
EP0038255A1 (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1981-10-21 | Syndicat National Des Entreprises De Drainage | Function box for an agricultural drainage or waste water plant |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2809431C2 (en) * | 1978-03-04 | 1984-10-25 | Electrolux Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Vacuum drainage system |
DD217261A1 (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1985-01-09 | Erich Kreiser | PLATED BALL BAY |
CH682933A5 (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1993-12-15 | Eternit Ag | Drainage pipe intersection pit |
-
1994
- 1994-03-15 AT AT54594A patent/AT400598B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-03-10 EP EP95890049A patent/EP0672799A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-03-14 HU HU9500778A patent/HU212292B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-14 PL PL95307675A patent/PL176154B1/en unknown
- 1995-03-14 CZ CZ95654A patent/CZ282280B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1257305A (en) * | 1968-04-09 | 1971-12-15 | ||
US3756287A (en) * | 1972-03-16 | 1973-09-04 | R Bishop | Pipe fitting access |
FR2379658A1 (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1978-09-01 | Impex Bautechnik | Cleaning shaft for waste water underground pipes - has cover with conforming curve ensuring full bore on closing |
EP0038255A1 (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1981-10-21 | Syndicat National Des Entreprises De Drainage | Function box for an agricultural drainage or waste water plant |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006038664A1 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2008-02-21 | Funke Kunststoffe Gmbh | Manhole base part for sewage water system, has lateral inlet that opens out in main channel, where main channel extends to collecting tank that have round contour when viewed from top, and base part is made of plastic |
DE102006038664B4 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2023-04-20 | Funke Kunststoffe Gmbh | manhole base |
EP2152979A1 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2010-02-17 | Pipelife Norge AS | Cover device for drainage inspection chambers |
EP2152979A4 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2011-12-21 | Pipelife Norge As | Cover device for drainage inspection chambers |
CN105350578A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-24 | 山东海丽管道科技有限公司 | Compatible plastic inspection well and connecting structure of compatible plastic inspection well and pipeline |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HU9500778D0 (en) | 1995-05-29 |
PL176154B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 |
CZ282280B6 (en) | 1997-06-11 |
CZ65495A3 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
HU212292B (en) | 1996-05-28 |
EP0672799A3 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
AT400598B (en) | 1996-01-25 |
ATA54594A (en) | 1995-06-15 |
PL307675A1 (en) | 1995-09-18 |
HUT70385A (en) | 1995-10-30 |
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