Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/44—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific cross-section or surface shape
  • D03D15/46—Flat yarns, e.g. tapes or films
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D3/00—Woven fabrics characterised by their shape
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
  • D03D15/275—Carbon fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/41—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific twist
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03J—AUXILIARY WEAVING APPARATUS; WEAVERS' TOOLS; SHUTTLES
  • D03J1/00—Auxiliary apparatus combined with or associated with looms
  • D03J1/06—Auxiliary apparatus combined with or associated with looms for treating fabric
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
  • D10B2101/06—Glass
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/02—Inorganic fibres based on oxides or oxide ceramics, e.g. silicates
  • D10B2101/08—Ceramic
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
  • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
  • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
  • D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
  • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2505/00—Industrial
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2926—Coated or impregnated inorganic fiber fabric
  • Y10T442/2984—Coated or impregnated carbon or carbonaceous fiber fabric
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2926—Coated or impregnated inorganic fiber fabric
  • Y10T442/2992—Coated or impregnated glass fiber fabric
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3065—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer

Definitions

• Warp and weft fabric based on predominantly twist-free multifilament technical yarns and process for obtaining it
• the invention relates to the field of textile structures intended for the production of composite materials. It relates more particularly to a warp and weft fabric produced, for the most part, based on multifilament technical yarns of relatively high titer for a relatively low grammage, and to the corresponding production process.
• composite materials are experiencing great development, due to their excellent mechanical properties combined with low weight.
• Such materials essentially comprise a textile reinforcement and a resin matrix.
• Those skilled in the art know that the production of these materials causes a number of difficulties. Indeed, for certain uses, in particular in the aeronautical field, the mechanical properties of the composite materials are strictly defined.
• the textile structures used in the composite materials be tight enough to maintain a regular geometry and a suitability for handling, while allowing satisfactory penetration of the resin during the manufacture of the composite. This makes it possible to obtain satisfactory mechanical properties in the final composite.
• fibers that are sufficiently fine to constitute such tight structures.
• a wire is chosen which makes it possible to obtain perfect coverage, that is to say a regular spreading which does not reveal porosities or even correlatively, making it possible to obtain a high volume rate.
• the lower the grammage of the textile structure the lower the titer of the fibers, that is to say the linear mass of each fiber.
• composite materials must be offered at prices lower than those currently practiced.
• the price of a composite part corresponds to that of the aluminum part, which requires significant cost reductions.
• a fabric based on 6K yarns is approximately 30% cheaper than a fabric based on 3K yarns, for the same grammage.
• a fabric made from 12K yarn is about 50% cheaper than a fabric of the same weight, made from 3K yarn.
• Fabrics weighing less than 90 g / m 2 can be produced from 1K yarns, but they have a porosity incompatible with a perfect coverage objective.
• the grammage of the fabrics is generally between 180 and 400 g / m 2 ; for 6K wires, it usually ranges from 260 to
• the remark made for carbon fabrics based on 1K threads relating to the minimum mass of fabrics is also applicable to carbon fabrics obtained from 3K, 6K and 12K threads.
• document FR-2 418 693 describes a process making it possible to reduce the porosity of a prepreg fabric, and more particularly an impregnated fabric consisting of carbon fibers, without requiring finer fibers.
• This process successively consists of forming a fiber of filaments having a relatively circular cross section, weaving the fiber to form a fabric having relatively large interstices, impregnating the fabric with an uncured resin, loading a cylinder against one side of the fabric impregnated while supporting the other side of the fabric at least in front of the cylinder and moving the cylinder on the fabric a sufficient number of times to obtain the desired flattening of the fiber.
• the calendering thus carried out makes it possible to flatten the fiber and thus to reduce the dimensions of the interstices, which makes it easier to fill the interstices when the resin hardens and therefore to reduce the porosity in the finished cured laminated product.
• the quantity by fiber ratio (TVF) will denote the quantity defined as follows: mass of the fabric / density of the material of the yarn
• TVF unit width x unit length x thickness
• volume ratio of the fibers can be calculated at any point of the fabric.
• the invention therefore relates to a warp and weft fabric based on technical yarns of microns, of which at least 80% by weight of the yarns have the following characteristics in combination:
• the volume content of fibers being substantially constant in the fabric and greater than or equal to that of a traditional fabric based on threads of equal or lower titer.
• the volume content of fibers is substantially constant in the fabric and greater than or equal to that of a traditional fabric based on yarns of equal or lower titer.
• the invention also relates to a fabric such that the weight share of the warp (or weft) threads is less than or equal to 20%, these threads constituting the binding weave of the unidirectional weft (or warp) fabric.
• the warp and weft fabric according to the invention is produced on the basis of carbon, glass, high density polyethylene, aramid, silicon carbide, ceramic yarns or else based on mixtures and combinations of such sons.
• the invention relates to a warp and weft fabric made from 6K carbon yarns, the grammage of the fabric being approximately 200 g / m 2 , in particular 193 g / m 2 and the volume content of fibers d '' about 38%, under a pressure of 10 4 Pa.
• the invention also relates to a warp and weft fabric made from 12K carbon threads, the grammage of the fabric being approximately 200 g / m 2 , in particular
• It also relates to a warp and weft fabric made from aramid yarns, the titer of which is approximately 240 tex, the grammage of the fabric being approximately 180 g / m 2 , in particular 175 g / m 2 and the volume rate. of fibers greater than or equal to 42%, under a pressure of 10 4 Pa.
• the invention further relates to a fabric made from glass yarns, 80% by weight of the weft (or warp) yarns being yarns whose title is approximately 320 tex, the grammage of the fabric being approximately 120 g / m 2 and the volume rate of fibers being greater than or equal to 26%, under a pressure of 10 4 Pa.
• the invention also relates to a process for obtaining a warp and weft fabric based on multifilament technical yarns of which at least 80% by weight are yarns with 0 twist turn / m whose title, for a given grammage of the fabric , is higher than that traditionally used, consisting of:
• the method also consists in spreading the threads in the fabric obtained.
• the spreading step is carried out after weaving.
• the spreading step is carried out before a subsequent transformation of the fabric, such as dusting, prepreg or laminating.
• the method also consists in spreading the threads before weaving. This means contributes to obtaining an appropriate volume content of fibers in the final fabric.
• the invention also relates to a device for spreading the threads in the fabric, in accordance with the production process according to the invention.
• the device comprises a vibrator on which is mounted a rotating roller, intended to come into contact with the fabric.
• the vibrator is a pneumatic vibrator whose frequency is 100 Hertz under a pressure of 6 10 5 Pa.
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an overview of an installation for obtaining a fabric according to the invention
• Figure 2 which schematically shows a frame unwinding device, is a partial section of Figure 1 along II-II;
• FIG. 3 schematically represents a device for spreading the fibers in the fabric
• Figure 4 includes Figures 4a to 4d which are histograms illustrating the volume rate fibers for a given fabric, obtained by three different embodiments,
• Figure 5 includes Figures 5a to 5c which illustrate Example 1, Figure 5a showing a warp and weft fabric made according to a standard weaving, Figure 5b a fabric made according to a weaving with unwound weft and Figure 5c a fabric obtained by weaving with an unwound weft and vibration and - Figure 6 includes Figures 6a and 6b and illustrates the Fabric n ° 4 of Example n ° 1, Figure 6a representing the Fabric n ° 4 after weaving with unwound weft and Figure 6b, Fabric # 4 after weaving with unwound weft and vibration.
• the elements common to the different figures will be designated by the same references.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the continuous production of warp and weft fabrics according to the invention. As shown in Figure 1, a device
• the weaving loom 4 allows the weaving loom 4 to be supplied with warp threads 2. It is designed to unwind warp threads without providing them with torsion, and by giving them appropriate tension. Thus, the warp threads 2 do not have a twist greater than the original twist of the threads.
• warp threads are used which do not initially have a twist. These threads are commonly called twist / twist yarns or "twist" threads.
• twist / twist yarns or "twist" threads.
• the advantage of not making the wires twist will be explained in more detail with regard to the weft wires.
• the warp threads 2 are brought (arrow FI) to the weaving loom 4. This is shown diagrammatically and comprises frames 5, a comb 6 and a lance 7.
• the lance 7 introduces, in the warp threads, a weft thread 8 which comes (arrow F2) from a weft reel 9 unwound by a device 10, here called weft unwinder.
• This device 10 is designed not to twist or twist the weft threads.
• the weft threads 8, inserted by the lance 7, do not have a twist greater than the original twist of the threads.
• the coil of wire 9 is unwound using two pressure rollers 13 which drive the wire by means of a direct current motor 14.
• the wire 8 forms a loop whose position is transmitted to the using a puppet 15 connected to a potentiometer 16 acting on an amplifier 17.
• This amplifier controls the motor 14 so that the length differences absorbed by the loom are compensated for by accelerating or slowing down the motor 14.
• the fabric 18 obtained after passing through the loom 4 is routed (arrow F3) in the rest of the manufacturing operations, after having passed over a trio 19.
• the fabric 18 is then optionally led into a spreading device 20. As will be seen later on reading " the examples, this spreading device is not always necessary.
• This additional step makes it possible to obtain a volume rate of fibers which is substantially constant in the fabric and suitable for the use of fabric to obtain composite materials having satisfactory mechanical properties.
• FIG. 3 illustrates a non-limiting example of embodiment of such a spreading device 20. It essentially comprises a vibrator 21 on which is mounted a rotating roller 22, intended to come into contact with the fabric 18.
• roller 22 One can envisage other means than the roller 22. This can be replaced by another device coming into contact with the fabric 18.
• the vibrator 21 is a pneumatic vibrator whose frequency is 100 Hertz, under a pressure of 6 x 10 & Pa. It is understood that by passing over the fabric 18, the device 20 makes it possible to spread the wires in the fabric, by means of the vibrations communicated by the roller 22.
• the term “spreading the threads in the fabric” is understood to mean increasing a dimension of the cross section of the threads in the plane of the fabric and correspondingly decreasing a dimension of the cross section threads in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the fabric.
• the device 20 is only effective if the warp and weft threads do not have a twist greater than the original twist of the threads before weaving. Indeed, if the weft threads, or even only some of them, were twisted, gaps would still be present at the twists, even after passing under the device 20. This remark must be qualified for the unidirectional fabrics which will be described later.
• the spreading step is not necessarily carried out as soon as the fabric is obtained, that is to say as soon as it leaves the loom, after any intermediate storage.
• the fabric is generally not used immediately after its weaving. It can be stored for some time before n • a transformation takes place such as dusting, prepreg or laminating. It appeared advantageous to spread the fibers in the fabric just before the transformation to be carried out.
• a spreading device can be provided before weaving, after weaving or before and after weaving.
• the method according to the invention has been applied to all the threads of the fabric, both in warp and in weft. It is also possible to envisage applying this process to only part of the threads, in particular for obtaining unidirectional fabrics.
• unidirectional fabric means a fabric comprising at least 80% by weight of warp or weft threads.
• weight ratio of warp threads and weft threads will also be used to denote the warp / weft or weft / warp ratio, the most important ratio being retained.
• a unidirectional warp fabric will be a fabric of which 80% by weight of the threads are warp threads while a unidirectional weft fabric will be a fabric of which 80% by weight of the threads are weft threads, these two fabrics having a ratio by weight of warp threads and weft threads greater than or equal to 80/20.
• a unidirectional weft fabric The warp threads of such a fabric constitute in practice binding threads.
• the warp threads can be any.
• the device 1 for supplying the weaving loom with warp threads can be a classic device, possibly bringing a twist to the wires.
• a device such as that referenced 10 is used for the weft yarns which does not bring any twist to the yarns.
• the method according to the invention may be used only for part of the son when it is desired to carry out a unidirectional weave.
• no weft thread has a twist greater than the original twist of the threads.
• the width of the thread would be less than the original width of the threads before weaving and it would not be possible to obtain a fabric having a high volume content of fibers.
• the spreading device 20 would not be effective. It has been observed that, insofar as the fabric has at least 80% of the threads by weight in the weft direction, which are woven according to the method according to the invention, the fabric has a volume ratio of satisfactory fibers even if the warp threads are woven in a conventional manner.
• the proportion of warp threads cannot however be greater than 20%.
• the method according to the invention must be applied to all of the threads of the fabric, in accordance with the initial description.
• the device making it possible to feed the loom with weft threads can be a conventional device and a device such as that referenced 1 is used for the warp threads which does not bring any twist to the threads.
• balanced fabric denotes a fabric comprising substantially as many warp threads as weft.
• the weave of the fabrics is a taffeta.
• the title of the sons is a taffeta.
• Fabric # l High resistance carbon wires TORAYCA FT 300B 3K 40B (commercial reference from the supplier Toray).
• weft yarns are unwound by "unwound” weft unwinders, which do not twist the yarn.
• Fabric n ° 1 is intended to serve as a reference for other fabrics, for " the three weaving processes envisaged. It is woven only according to standard weaving (S). It is recognized that such a fabric has a volume content of fibers which is entirely compatible with use in the manufacture of a composite material having 21
• the volume content of fibers in Fabric No. 1 is 38%.
• FIG. 4 also illustrates the preceding results in the form of histograms, FIGS. 4a to 4d for each of the tissues 2 to 4 .
• a fabric based on 6K yarns (Fabric n ° 2) has a constant volume density of fibers in the fabric and which is greater than or equal to that of a fabric based on 3K yarns (Fabric n ° 1) obtained by standard weaving.
• Fabrics 3, 4 and 5 are fabrics made from 12K yarns. When obtained by traditional weaving, the volume content of fibers in the fabric is much lower than that of a fabric made from yarns. 3K (Fabric n ⁇ l) obtained by this same weaving. Such fabrics would therefore not be suitable for producing composite materials having acceptable mechanical properties.
• These fabrics based on 12 K wires can therefore be used to obtain composite materials having satisfactory mechanical properties.
• the width of the warp and weft threads is, over the entire length of the threads, greater than or equal to the original width of the threads before weaving (Fabric n ° 3: 6; 7 or 8 mm and 6 mm; Fabric n ° 4: 5.2; 7 or 8 mm and 5 mm; Fabric n ° 5: 7 mm and 3.2 mm).
• FIG. 5 illustrates the three types of weaving that are used (S, SD, SDV).
• FIG. 5b A weaving with an unwound weft leads to fabrics having a smaller thickness and therefore to a higher volume content of fibers.
• Figure 4 also shows this increase in the fiber volume rate.
• weaving with an unwound weft and vibration Figure 5c makes it possible to obtain a fabric whose thickness is even thinner and the volume rate of fibers is greater. This is shown by the results appearing in Figure 4.
• the two fabrics compared are balanced fabrics, made from aramid yarns: KEVLAR 49 1270 dtex T968 for Fabric n ° l and KEVLAR 49 2400 dtex T968 for Fabric n ° 2, (Dupont de Nemours commercial reference) and have a surface mass of 175 g / m 2 .
• the density of the wires is 1.45 g / cm 3 and the wires have a twist / m turn.
• Fabric # 1:. Thread count 127 tex
• Thread count 240 tex.
• Initial wire width on spool 1.8 mm
• Example 1 three weaving methods are used: standard weaving (S), weaving with unrolled weft (SD) and weaving with unrolled weft and vibration (SDV).
• S standard weaving
• SD weaving with unrolled weft
• SDV weaving with unrolled weft and vibration
• Fabric no. 1 serves as a reference for Fabric no. 2, for the three weaving processes used.
• Fabric n ° 1 is woven only according to standard weaving (S).
• This fabric has a volume content of fibers that is entirely compatible with use in the manufacture of a composite material having satisfactory mechanical properties.
• the volume rate of fibers in Fabric 1 is 42%.
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a fabric produced from yarns with a higher titer than Fabric n ° 1, while having a constant volume density of fibers in the fabric and greater than that Fabric # 1.
• the width of the warp and weft threads is, over the entire length of the threads, greater than or equal to the original width of the threads before weaving.
• FIG. 5 also illustrates this exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• EXAMPLE 3 The two fabrics of this example are unidirectional fabrics produced on the basis of glass strands and have a surface mass of 120 g / m 2 .
• the chosen armor is taffeta.
• the weight distribution of the threads is as follows: 80% in weft and 20% in warp, for the two fabrics. These therefore practically have the form of a unidirectional ply, the warp threads playing the role of binding threads. In this example, it is more particularly a unidirectional weft fabric.
• Warp material Yarns with the same characteristics as the warp yarns of Fabric No. l
• the method according to the invention is applied here only to the weft threads, the warp threads being woven in a conventional manner.
• Fabric no. 1 serves as a reference for Fabric no. 2, for the three weaving processes used.
• Fabric n ° l is woven only according to standard weaving (S). It has a volume content of fibers compatible with use in the manufacture of a composite material having satisfactory mechanical properties.
• the volume content of fibers in fabric No. 1 is 26%.
• the process according to the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain a fabric produced from yarns which are, in a proportion of 80% by weight corresponding to the weft yarns, of higher titer than the weft yarns of Fabric No. 1, this fabric having a volume content of fibers constant in the fabric and greater than that of Fabric No. 1.
• the width of the weft threads is greater than or equal to the original width of the threads before weaving.
• Such properties are obtained in particular by the fact that the warp and / or weft threads are used so that the twist which they present in the fabric is not greater than their original twist.
• the absence of additional twisting allows it to be fully effective and to lead to maximum spreading of the fibers in order to obtain a closed fabric.

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• 1992
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