EP0667271A1 - Articulated coupling and method for energy absorption between two railway vehicles - Google Patents

Articulated coupling and method for energy absorption between two railway vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0667271A1
EP0667271A1 EP95400290A EP95400290A EP0667271A1 EP 0667271 A1 EP0667271 A1 EP 0667271A1 EP 95400290 A EP95400290 A EP 95400290A EP 95400290 A EP95400290 A EP 95400290A EP 0667271 A1 EP0667271 A1 EP 0667271A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toric
coupling joint
energy absorption
cylindrical
vehicles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95400290A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0667271B1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Hoyon
Michel Cros
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Alstom Transport SA
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GEC Alsthom Transport SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0667271A1 publication Critical patent/EP0667271A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G5/00—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for
    • B61G5/02—Couplings for special purposes not otherwise provided for for coupling articulated trains, locomotives and tenders or the bogies of a vehicle; Coupling by means of a single coupling bar; Couplings preventing or limiting relative lateral movement of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
    • B61D3/10—Articulated vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/12—Types of bogies specially modified for carrying adjacent vehicle bodies of articulated trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/16—Centre bearings or other swivel connections between underframes and bolsters or bogies
    • B61F5/20—Centre bearings or other swivel connections between underframes and bolsters or bogies with springs allowing transverse movements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to connecting devices between vehicles, in particular rail, constituting an articulated train, in general, and relates, more particularly, to a coupling joint between two vehicles, in particular rail.
  • the invention also relates to a method of absorbing energy between two vehicles, in particular rail vehicles.
  • the coupling joints on the median bogie include a sole linked to one of the vehicles, supported on the median bogie by springs, and carrying by means of elastomeric bodies a ball joint on the upper surface of which comes support a spherical bearing linked to the other vehicle.
  • connection device described is devoid of a supporting bogie and the articulation between each of its elements and of the corresponding body is effected by means of a ball joint in the upper part and a convex sector at the end of the body sliding inside. a concave sector of the end of the element.
  • An object of the invention is therefore a coupling articulation of two vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, making it possible to protect the structures of rail vehicles and the vehicle-to-vehicle connection device. in light collisions or when landing between trains at speeds exceeding the authorized limits.
  • Another object of the invention is a coupling articulation of two vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, making it possible to prevent the separation of the rail vehicles from each other.
  • the coupling articulation between two vehicles A, B, in particular rail comprises energy absorption means 3 arranged between one and / or the other of said two rail vehicles A, B and one of the elements constituting said coupling articulation.
  • Figure 1 shows a section through a longitudinal plane of symmetry of a coupling joint according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified exploded view, along the section through the longitudinal plane of symmetry used in Figure 1, of the coupling joint according to the invention.
  • the coupling articulation between two vehicles A, B comprises energy absorption means 3 arranged between one and / or the other of the two vehicles A, B and one of the components of the coupling joint.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a preferred embodiment of the coupling joint according to the invention.
  • Other embodiments of the coupling joint, in accordance with the principle of the invention, are possible and are given at the end of the description.
  • the articulation comprises a central toric part 1, connected to the body of one of the vehicles A, having a frustoconical bearing surface 2 on the elastic toric articulation element 13.
  • Its part upper comprises a first cylindrical external surface 1A, facing a cylindrical external surface 9A of a sole 9B secured to the body of the adjacent vehicle B, but spaced therefrom.
  • Its upper part also includes a second cylindrical external surface 1B, facing a flat external surface 20B of an element of the vehicle B.
  • the O-ring is pierced with a bore 4, with a recess in its central zone 5.
  • a circular shoulder 6 is provided with elastomer elements 7 supporting a circular steel crown 8 of surface upper polished.
  • the toric piece 1 can be in one piece, or in two or three pieces.
  • the sole 9B connected to the body of the adjacent vehicle B, is composed of several elements welded together.
  • This sole 9B has a vertical cylindrical rim 10 to which is fixed, by bolts such as 11, a circular piece of triangular cross section 12 supporting the toric hinge element 13.
  • the toric hinge element 13 is, for example, composed of metal plates 14 sandwiched between layers of elastic material 15.
  • a frustoconical plate 16 constitutes the bearing surface of the periphery of the lower part of the toric part 1.
  • a vertical pivot 17 coming to engage in the bore 4 of the O-piece 1, leaving a significant clearance remaining in this bore. This play is sufficient so that the periphery of the pivot does not come into contact with the bore during normal longitudinal movements during traction or braking, and can only do so during exceptional impacts.
  • the upper part of this pivot forms a circular cap 18 having a flat lower surface 18A, facing the circular crown of polished hard metal 8 of the toric part 1.
  • energy absorption means 3 are arranged between the upper part of the toric part 1 and the upper part of the support part 9 facing it. . These energy absorption means 3 are disposed between the second cylindrical external surface 1B of the toric part 1 and the surface 20B of the vehicle B facing the second surface 1B.
  • shearing means 22 cooperating with longitudinal translation means 23, are arranged between the support piece 9 and a support arm 24.
  • the support arm 24 is connected to the vehicle B.
  • the shear means 22 maintain the support piece 9 secured to the longitudinal translation means 23.
  • the longitudinal translation means 23 are fixed to the support arm 24.
  • transverse stop 25 The ends of the longitudinal translation means 23 and of the support piece 9 have surfaces such that they constitute a transverse stop 25.
  • This transverse stop has the function of limiting the travel of the support piece 9 along the support arm 24 and to prevent the vehicle bodies from coming apart during the pulling of the train following the rupture of the shearing means 22.
  • the O-piece 1 is undeformable and one and the other of its ends forms a ridger.
  • the toric piece 1 is calibrated according to the type of rolling stock on which it is mounted. For example, the resistance of this toric part varies from 20 kN to 3000 kN.
  • the O-ring can be made of steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy or composite materials.
  • the energy absorption means 3 mounted at the end of the vehicle B absorbs energy. This energy absorption can be done when the vehicles are in alignment or when the vehicles are in a curve, but also during the passages and bumps in the track profile.
  • the energy absorption means 3 are elements which only intervene when the values of longitudinal forces exceed the values of normal service forces.
  • the energy absorption means can be made from materials having high elongation coefficients and a large difference between its elastic limit and its rupture limit so as to absorb the maximum energy without risk of rupture from the start of shock.
  • the energy absorption means 3 are structures of ordinary steel, of stainless steel, of an aluminum alloy, forming a sheet or honeycomb structure, or a structure combining the aforementioned steels or alloy.
  • the longitudinal translation means 23 cooperate with the support part 9 by means, for example, of rails, raceways or slides 9C.
  • Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of the energy absorption means 3 forming a sheet structure.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the energy absorption means 3 forming a structure composed of successive and multiple layers of honeycombs 41 of different and progressive rigidities.
  • the energy absorption means can also be produced from elements of the spring type combining rubber and metal.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the energy absorption means 3 forming a structure composed of successive and multiple layers of rubber 51 and metal 52 of different and progressive rigidities.
  • the energy absorption means can also be made from viscoelastic material housed inside a cavity made of ordinary steel, stainless steel or aluminum alloy.
  • FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the energy absorption means 3 comprising an elastomer structure 61 disposed in a sliding cavity 63 cooperating with at least one spring 62.
  • Such embodiments give the arrangement of the energy absorption means a correct progressive deformation during the energy absorption.
  • the energy absorption means are preferably removable. In addition, it is preferable to provide a clearance, in normal operation, between the energy absorption means and the toric part.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show sectional views, respectively, horizontal and transverse of the shearing means 22 cooperating with translation means longitudinal 23 and the support piece 9 of the coupling joint of the invention.
  • the shearing means 22 consist, for example, of safety nuts in variable number depending on the force to be absorbed.
  • the shearing means 22 may have rupture grooves 22A.
  • shearing means 22 prevent the longitudinal translation of the support piece 9 along the support arm 24.
  • the transverse stop 25 authorizes the displacement of the longitudinal translation means 23 along the slide 9C of the support piece 9 only in one direction during the absorption of energy.
  • FIG. 9 shows, in perspective, the load-bearing end of the vehicle body B comprising a support piece for the coupling joint of the invention.
  • Figure 10 shows, in perspective, the supported end of the vehicle body A comprising an O-ring of the coupling joint of the invention.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of the assembly of the coupling joint of the invention.
  • the absorption of energy induced by normal forces caused by the traction or braking of the train is done by the toric articulation element 13. This first case corresponds to normal operation, there is therefore no deteriorated element, nor creation of noise.
  • the absorption of the energy induced by efforts due to violent shocks caused by small collisions or by couplings between trains at unauthorized speeds is also done by the toric articulation element 13 as well as by the means d energy absorption 3.
  • the toric articulation element 13 is not damaged due to the rupture of the shearing means 22 cooperating with the longitudinal translation means 23.
  • the means 3 energy absorption are deteriorated.
  • FIG. 12 represents force diagrams of the coupling articulation as a function of different values of longitudinal displacements corresponding to the different previous cases.
  • the maximum AC stroke is the displacement limit provided for docking operations. There is a shock when, for example, the second cylindrical external surface of the O-ring is struck, but there is absorption of energy by the energy absorption means. As noted above, there are no damaged items.
  • the AD race is the maximum displacement authorized after a violent shock to trigger the means energy absorption.
  • the shearing means and the transverse stop are deteriorated.
  • FIG. 13 Another embodiment of the coupling articulation, represented in FIG. 13, consists in having two energy absorption means 3 between a first 26 and a second 27 external surface of the upper part of the toric part 1 and, respectively, a first 20A and a second 20C surface of the vehicle A.
  • the first 26 and second 27 external surfaces of the upper part of the O-ring 1 and the first 20A and second 20C surfaces of the vehicle A are arranged, respectively, in vis-à-vis each other.
  • energy absorption means can also be arranged between the second cylindrical external surface 1B of the upper part of the toric part 1 and the surface 20B of the vehicle B so as to combine the two previous embodiments.
  • the first cylindrical external surface 1A of the upper part of the O-ring element 1 faces the cylindrical external surface 9A of the sole 9B of the support piece 9 secured to the body of the vehicle B.
  • the invention also relates to a method of absorbing energy between two railway vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

An energy absorber (3) consisting of a combination of rubber and metal is located between the railway vehicles (A,B). The coupling comprises a toroidal piece (1) with a cylindrical bore (4) in its centre, connected to one vehicle (A), with a truncated surface in its lower part and cylindrical in its upper part. These define first (1A) and second (1B) external cylindrical surfaces,. A support piece (9) connected to the other vehicle (B) has, in its upper part, an internal cylindrical base plate (9A) enveloping the upper part of the toroidal piece. A cylindrical pivot (17) fixed on the base plate is engaged in the cylindrical bore. A toroidal articulation part (13) fixed on the base plate ensures articulation between the base plate and the toroidal piece. The energy absorber is located between the external cylindrical surface of the toroidal piece and the surface (20B) of the vehicle. Shear bolts (22) hold the support piece to means of longitudinal translation (23) fixed to the support arm (24) connected to the vehicle (B).

Description

La présente invention concerne les dispositifs de liaison entre véhicules, notamment ferroviaires, constituant une rame articulée, en général, et porte, plus particulièrement, sur une articulation d'accouplement entre deux véhicules, notamment ferroviaires.The present invention relates to connecting devices between vehicles, in particular rail, constituting an articulated train, in general, and relates, more particularly, to a coupling joint between two vehicles, in particular rail.

L'invention porte également sur un procédé d'absorption d'énergie entre deux véhicules, notamment ferroviaires.The invention also relates to a method of absorbing energy between two vehicles, in particular rail vehicles.

Les articulations d'accouplement sur bogie médian comprennent une semelle liée à l'un des véhicules, supportée sur le bogie médian par des ressorts, et portant par l'intermédiaire d'organes en élastomère une rotule sur la surface supérieure de laquelle vient s'appuyer une portée sphérique liée à l'autre véhicule.The coupling joints on the median bogie include a sole linked to one of the vehicles, supported on the median bogie by springs, and carrying by means of elastomeric bodies a ball joint on the upper surface of which comes support a spherical bearing linked to the other vehicle.

Ces articulations comprennent des surfaces sphériques nécessitant beaucoup d'usinages.These joints include spherical surfaces requiring a lot of machining.

De plus, elles sont d'un prix de revient élevé et relativement lourdes.In addition, they are expensive and relatively heavy.

Le document EP-A-0 279 245 de la demanderesse décrit un dispositif de liaison entre deux véhicules ferroviaires autorisant des mouvements relatifs de rotation d'axe vertical et d'axe horizontal entre les caisses des véhicules, et définissant un compartiment d'intercirculation d'une caisse à l'autre, comportant deux éléments reliés par une liaison souple, chaque élément s'articulant vis-à-vis de la caisse adjacente autour d'un axe vertical commun avec celle-ci.Document EP-A-0 279 245 by the applicant describes a connection device between two railway vehicles allowing relative movements of rotation of vertical axis and horizontal axis between the bodies of vehicles, and defining an intercirculation compartment d 'one box to the other, comprising two elements connected by a flexible link, each element being articulated with respect to the adjacent box around a common vertical axis with the latter.

Le dispositif de liaison décrit est exempt de bogie porteur et l'articulation entre chacun de ses éléments et de la caisse correspondante s'effectue grâce à une rotule en partie haute et à un secteur convexe en extrémité de caisse glissant à l'intérieur d'un secteur concave de l'extrémité de l'élément.The connection device described is devoid of a supporting bogie and the articulation between each of its elements and of the corresponding body is effected by means of a ball joint in the upper part and a convex sector at the end of the body sliding inside. a concave sector of the end of the element.

Les documents DE-A-1 094 289 et US-A-3 667 820, et plus particulièrement le document EP-A-0 343 482 de la demanderesse, décrivent une articulation d'accouplement de deux véhicules ferroviaires reposant sur un bogie médian entre les deux véhicules ferroviaires, comprenant:

  • une pièce torique, reliée à l'un des véhicules, de surface tronconique dans sa partie inférieure, cylindrique dans sa partie supérieure, de manière à définir une première et une seconde surface externe cylindrique, et comportant un alésage cylindrique en son centre;
  • une pièce de support, relié à l'autre véhicule, comportant dans sa partie supérieure une première et une seconde partie cylindrique interne faisant face, respectivement, auxdites surfaces externes cylindrique de la partie supérieure de ladite pièce torique et venant envelopper ladite pièce torique au moyen d'une semelle située à un niveau inférieur à celui de ladite pièce torique;
  • un pivot cylindrique, fixé sur ladite semelle et engagé dans ledit alésage cylindrique;
  • un élément d'articulation torique, fixé sur ladite semelle assurant l'articulation entre ladite semelle et ladite pièce torique.
The documents DE-A-1 094 289 and US-A-3 667 820, and more particularly the document EP-A-0 343 482 of the applicant, describe an articulation of coupling of two railway vehicles resting on a median bogie between the two railway vehicles, comprising:
  • an O-ring piece, connected to one of the vehicles, of frustoconical surface in its lower part, cylindrical in its upper part, so as to define a first and a second cylindrical external surface, and comprising a cylindrical bore in its center;
  • a support part, connected to the other vehicle, comprising in its upper part a first and a second internal cylindrical part facing, respectively, said external cylindrical surfaces of the upper part of said toric part and enveloping said toric part by means a sole located at a level lower than that of said O-ring;
  • a cylindrical pivot, fixed on said sole and engaged in said cylindrical bore;
  • a toric articulation element, fixed on said sole ensuring the articulation between said sole and said toric part.

Les articulations d'accouplement de deux véhicules ferroviaires décrites dans les documents de l'art antérieur ne permettent pas de préserver les liaisons mécaniques entre caisses de véhicules ferroviaires ainsi que les structures des véhicules tout en absorbant de l'énergie lors de faibles collisions.The coupling joints of two railway vehicles described in the documents of the prior art do not make it possible to preserve the mechanical connections between bodies of railway vehicles as well as the structures of the vehicles while absorbing energy during light collisions.

Les articulations d'accouplement de deux véhicules ferroviaires décrites dans les documents de l'art antérieur ont comme inconvénient d'être rigides et donc de se détériorer lors de faibles collisions.The coupling joints of two railway vehicles described in the documents of the prior art have the drawback of being rigid and therefore of deteriorating during weak collisions.

Aussi un but de l'invention est-il une articulation d'accouplement de deux véhicules, notamment ferroviaires, permettant de protéger les structures des véhicules ferroviaires et le dispositif de liaison entre véhicules lors de faibles collisions ou lors d'accostages entre rames à des vitesses dépassant les limites autorisées.An object of the invention is therefore a coupling articulation of two vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, making it possible to protect the structures of rail vehicles and the vehicle-to-vehicle connection device. in light collisions or when landing between trains at speeds exceeding the authorized limits.

Un autre but de l'invention est une articulation d'accouplement de deux véhicules, notamment ferroviaires, permettant d'empêcher la désolidarisation des véhicules ferroviaires entre eux.Another object of the invention is a coupling articulation of two vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, making it possible to prevent the separation of the rail vehicles from each other.

Conformément à l'invention, l'articulation d'accouplement entre deux véhicules A, B, notamment ferroviaires, comprend des moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 disposés entre l'un et/ou l'autre desdits deux véhicules ferroviaires A, B et l'un des éléments conmposant ladite articulation d'accouplement.According to the invention, the coupling articulation between two vehicles A, B, in particular rail, comprises energy absorption means 3 arranged between one and / or the other of said two rail vehicles A, B and one of the elements constituting said coupling articulation.

Conformément à l'invention, l'articulation d'accouplement entre deux véhicules, notamment ferroviaires, reposant sur un bogie médian entre lesdits deux véhicules ferroviaires, comprend:

  • une pièce torique, reliée à l'un des véhicules, de surface tronconique dans sa partie inférieure, cylindrique dans sa partie supérieure, de manière à définir une première et une seconde surface externe cylindrique, et comportant un alésage cylindrique en son centre;
  • une pièce de support, relié à l'autre véhicule, comportant dans sa partie supérieure une partie cylindrique interne faisant face à ladite surface externe cylindrique de la partie supérieure de ladite pièce torique et venant envelopper ladite pièce torique au moyen d'une semelle située à un niveau inférieur à celui de ladite pièce torique;
  • un pivot cylindrique, fixé sur ladite semelle et engagé dans ledit alésage cylindrique;
  • un élément d'articulation torique, fixé sur ladite semelle assurant l'articulation entre ladite semelle et ladite pièce torique;

et se caractérise par:
  • des moyens d'absorption d'énergie disposés entre ladite première ou seconde surface externe cylindrique de ladite pièce torique et la surface dudit véhicule faisant face à ladite première ou seconde surface externe; et
  • des moyens de cisaillement maintenant ladite pièce de support solidaire de moyens de translation longitudinale fixés audit bras de support relié audit véhicule.
According to the invention, the coupling articulation between two vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, resting on a median bogie between said two rail vehicles, comprises:
  • an O-ring piece, connected to one of the vehicles, of frustoconical surface in its lower part, cylindrical in its upper part, so as to define a first and a second cylindrical external surface, and comprising a cylindrical bore in its center;
  • a support piece, connected to the other vehicle, comprising in its upper part an internal cylindrical part facing said external cylindrical surface of the upper part of said toric part and coming to surround said toric part by means of a sole located at a level lower than that of said O-ring;
  • a cylindrical pivot, fixed on said sole and engaged in said cylindrical bore;
  • a toric articulation element, fixed on said sole ensuring the articulation between said sole and said toric part;

and is characterized by:
  • energy absorption means disposed between said first or second cylindrical external surface of said O-ring and the surface of said vehicle facing said first or second external surface; and
  • shearing means holding said support piece integral with longitudinal translation means fixed to said support arm connected to said vehicle.

L'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention satisfait également à au moins l'une des caractéristiques suivantes:

  • les moyens d'absorption d'énergie sont disposés entre ladite seconde surface externe cylindrique de la partie supérieure de ladite pièce torique et ladite surface dudit véhicule B;
  • au moins un moyen d'absorption d'énergie est disposés entre au moins une surface externe de la partie supérieure de la pièce torique et, respectivement, une surface du véhicule A;
  • les moyens d'absorption d'énergie sont des structures en un acier ordinaire, en un acier inoxydable, en un alliage d'aluminium ou une structure associant les aciers et/ou l'alliage cités, formant une structure en tôles;
  • les moyens d'absorption d'énergie sont des structures en un acier ordinaire, en un acier inoxydable, en un alliage d'aluminium ou une structure associant les aciers et/ou l'alliage cités, formant une structure en nids d'abeilles;
  • les moyens d'absorption d'énergie sont des éléments du type ressorts combinant le caoutchouc et le métal;
  • les moyens d'absorption d'énergie comportent une succession de structures de rigidités différentes et progressives;
  • les moyens d'absorption d'énergie sont réalisés à partir d'une matière viscoélastique logée à l'intérieur de cavités réalisées en acier ordinaire, en acier inoxydables ou en alliage d'aluminium;
  • les moyens de cisaillement se composent d'écrous de sécurité, en nombre variable fonction de l'effort à absorber, empêchant la translation longitudinale de la pièce de support le long du bras de support;
  • les moyens de cisaillement disposent de gorges de rupture;
  • les moyens de translation longitudinale sont constitués de rails, de chemins de roulement ou de glissières;
  • les moyens de translation longitudinale comportent, à l'une de leurs extrémités, des moyens limitant la course de la pièce de support le long du bras de support et empêchant que les caisses des véhicules ne se désolidarisent lors de la traction de la rame suite à la rupture des moyens de cisaillement.
The coupling joint of the invention also satisfies at least one of the following characteristics:
  • the energy absorption means are arranged between said second cylindrical external surface of the upper part of said toric part and said surface of said vehicle B;
  • at least one energy absorbing means is arranged between at least one external surface of the upper part of the O-piece and, respectively, a surface of the vehicle A;
  • the energy absorption means are structures of ordinary steel, of stainless steel, of an aluminum alloy or of a structure combining the steels and / or the alloy mentioned, forming a sheet structure;
  • the energy absorption means are structures made of ordinary steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy or a structure combining the steels and / or the alloy mentioned, forming a honeycomb structure;
  • the energy absorption means are elements of the spring type combining rubber and metal;
  • the energy absorption means comprise a succession of different and progressive rigid structures;
  • the energy absorption means are made from a viscoelastic material housed inside cavities made of ordinary steel, stainless steel or aluminum alloy;
  • the shearing means consist of safety nuts, in variable number depending on the effort to absorb, preventing longitudinal translation of the support piece along the support arm;
  • the shearing means have rupture grooves;
  • the means of longitudinal translation consist of rails, raceways or slides;
  • the longitudinal translation means comprise, at one of their ends, means limiting the travel of the support piece along the support arm and preventing the vehicle bodies from becoming disengaged when the train is pulled after rupture of the shearing means.

Conformément à l'invention, le procédé d'absorption d'énergie entre deux véhicules, notamment ferroviaires, se caractérise en ce que:

  • l'élément d'articulation torique absorbe l'énergie induite par des efforts normaux provoqués par la traction ou le freinage de la rame;
  • l'élément d'articulation torique et les moyens d'absorption d'énergie absorbent l'énergie induite par des efforts du fait de petits chocs provoqués par l'accouplement entre rames à des vitesses dépassant légèrement la vitesse autorisée; et
  • l'élément d'articulation torique et les moyens d'absorption d'énergie absorbent l'énergie induite par des efforts du fait de chocs violents provoqués par de petites collisions ou par des accouplements entre rames à des vitesses non autorisées, sans détériorer l'élément d'articulation torique du fait de la rupture des moyens de cisaillement coopérant avec les moyens de translation longitudinale.
According to the invention, the method of absorbing energy between two vehicles, in particular rail vehicles, is characterized in that:
  • the toric articulation element absorbs the energy induced by normal forces caused by the traction or braking of the train;
  • the toric articulation element and the energy absorption means absorb the energy induced by forces due to small shocks caused by the coupling between trains at speeds slightly exceeding the authorized speed; and
  • the toric articulation element and the energy absorption means absorb the energy induced by efforts due to violent shocks caused by small collisions or by couplings between trains at unauthorized speeds, without damaging the toric joint element due to the rupture of the shearing means cooperating with the longitudinal translation means.

D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description du mode de réalisation préféré de l'articulation d'accouplement de deux véhicules ferroviaires, description faite en liaison avec les dessins joints dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 représente une coupe, par un plan de symétrie longitudinale, d'une articulation d'accouplement conforme à l'invention;
  • la figure 2 représente une vue éclatée simplifiée, selon la coupe par le plan de symétrie longitudinale utilisé à la figure 1, d'une articulation d'accouplement conforme à l'invention;
  • les figures 3 à 6 représentent différents modes de réalisation des moyens d'absorption d'énergie conforme à l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention;
  • les figures 7 et 8 représentent des vues en coupe, respectivement horizontale et transversale, de moyens de cisaillement coopérant avec des moyens de translation longitudinale de l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention;
  • la figure 9 représente, en perspective, l'extrémité porteuse de la caisse de véhicule B comportant une pièce de support de l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention;
  • la figure 10 représente, en perspective, l'extrémité supportée de la caisse de véhicule A comportant une pièce torique de l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention;
  • la figure 11 est une vue en coupe partielle et en perspective de l'extrémité porteuse et de l'extrémité portée des caisses de véhicules et de l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention;
  • la figure 12 représente des diagrammes d'efforts de l'articulation d'accouplement en fonction de différentes valeurs de déplacements longitudinaux;
  • la figure 13 est une vue partielle de dessus et en coupe selon un autre mode de réalisation d'une articulation d'accouplement conforme à l'invention.
Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description of the preferred embodiment of the coupling joint. of two railway vehicles, description made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a section through a longitudinal plane of symmetry of a coupling joint according to the invention;
  • 2 shows a simplified exploded view, along the section through the longitudinal plane of symmetry used in Figure 1, of a coupling articulation according to the invention;
  • Figures 3 to 6 show different embodiments of the energy absorption means according to the coupling joint of the invention;
  • Figures 7 and 8 show sectional views, respectively horizontal and transverse, of shearing means cooperating with means of longitudinal translation of the coupling joint of the invention;
  • FIG. 9 represents, in perspective, the load-bearing end of the vehicle body B comprising a support piece for the coupling joint of the invention;
  • Figure 10 shows, in perspective, the supported end of the vehicle body A comprising an O-ring of the coupling joint of the invention;
  • Figure 11 is a partial sectional perspective view of the load-bearing end and the carried end of vehicle bodies and the coupling joint of the invention;
  • FIG. 12 represents diagrams of forces of the coupling articulation as a function of different values of longitudinal displacements;
  • Figure 13 is a partial top view in section according to another embodiment of a coupling joint according to the invention.

La figure 1 représente une coupe, par un plan de symétrie longitudinale, d'une articulation d'accouplement conforme à l'invention.Figure 1 shows a section through a longitudinal plane of symmetry of a coupling joint according to the invention.

La figure 2 représente une vue éclatée simplifiée, selon la coupe par le plan de symétrie longitudinal utilisé à la figure 1, de l'articulation d'accouplement conforme à l'invention.2 shows a simplified exploded view, along the section through the longitudinal plane of symmetry used in Figure 1, of the coupling joint according to the invention.

Conformément au principe général de l'invention, l'articulation d'accouplement entre deux véhicules A, B, par exemple ferroviaires, comprend des moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 disposés entre l'un et/ou l'autre des deux véhicules ferroviaires A, B et l'un des éléments composant l'articulation d'accouplement.In accordance with the general principle of the invention, the coupling articulation between two vehicles A, B, for example rail, comprises energy absorption means 3 arranged between one and / or the other of the two vehicles A, B and one of the components of the coupling joint.

Les figures 1 et 2 représentent un mode préféré de réalisation de l'articulation d'accouplement conforme à l'invention. D'autres modes de réalisation de l'articulation d'accouplement, conformes au principe de l'invention, sont possibles et sont donnés en fin de description.Figures 1 and 2 show a preferred embodiment of the coupling joint according to the invention. Other embodiments of the coupling joint, in accordance with the principle of the invention, are possible and are given at the end of the description.

Dans les figures 1 et 2, l'articulation comporte une pièce torique centrale 1, reliée à la caisse de l'un des véhicules A, présentant une surface d'appui tronconique 2 sur l'élément d'articulation torique élastique 13. Sa partie supérieure comporte une première surface externe cylindrique 1A, venant en regard d'une surface externe cylindrique 9A d'une semelle 9B solidaire de la caisse du véhicule adjacent B, mais espacé de celle-ci. Sa partie supérieure comporte également une seconde surface externe cylindrique 1B, faisant face à une surface externe plane 20B d'un élément du véhicule B.In FIGS. 1 and 2, the articulation comprises a central toric part 1, connected to the body of one of the vehicles A, having a frustoconical bearing surface 2 on the elastic toric articulation element 13. Its part upper comprises a first cylindrical external surface 1A, facing a cylindrical external surface 9A of a sole 9B secured to the body of the adjacent vehicle B, but spaced therefrom. Its upper part also includes a second cylindrical external surface 1B, facing a flat external surface 20B of an element of the vehicle B.

La pièce torique est percée d'un alésage 4, avec dans sa zone centrale un évidemment 5. Dans la zone centrale de sa partie supérieure, un épaulement circulaire 6 est muni d'éléments en élastomère 7 supportant une couronne circulaire en acier 8 de surface supérieure polie. La pièce torique 1 peut être d'une seule pièce, ou bien en deux ou trois pièces.The O-ring is pierced with a bore 4, with a recess in its central zone 5. In the central zone of its upper part, a circular shoulder 6 is provided with elastomer elements 7 supporting a circular steel crown 8 of surface upper polished. The toric piece 1 can be in one piece, or in two or three pieces.

La semelle 9B, reliée à la caisse du véhicule adjacent B, est composée de plusieurs éléments soudés entre eux. Cette semelle 9B comporte un rebord vertical cylindrique 10 auquel est fixé, par des boulons tels que 11, une pièce circulaire de section droite triangulaire 12 supportant l'élément d'articulation torique 13. L'élément d'articulation torique 13 est, par exemple, composé de plaques métalliques 14 en sandwich entre des couches de matériau élastiques 15. Une plaque tronconique 16 constitue la surface d'appui du pourtour de la partie inférieure de la pièce torique 1.The sole 9B, connected to the body of the adjacent vehicle B, is composed of several elements welded together. This sole 9B has a vertical cylindrical rim 10 to which is fixed, by bolts such as 11, a circular piece of triangular cross section 12 supporting the toric hinge element 13. The toric hinge element 13 is, for example, composed of metal plates 14 sandwiched between layers of elastic material 15. A frustoconical plate 16 constitutes the bearing surface of the periphery of the lower part of the toric part 1.

Sur le centre de la semelle 9B est fixé grâce à un filetage 19 un pivot vertical 17, venant s'engager dans l'alésage 4 de la pièce torique 1, en laissant subsister un jeu important dans cet alésage. Ce jeu est suffisant pour que le pourtour du pivot ne vienne pas en contact avec l'alésage lors de déplacements longitudinaux normaux en période de traction ou de freinage, et ne puisse le faire que lors de chocs exceptionnels. La partie supérieure de ce pivot forme un chapeau circulaire 18 présentant une surface inférieure plane 18A, venant en regard de la couronne circulaire en métal dur poli 8 de la pièce torique 1.On the center of the sole 9B is fixed by means of a thread 19 a vertical pivot 17, coming to engage in the bore 4 of the O-piece 1, leaving a significant clearance remaining in this bore. This play is sufficient so that the periphery of the pivot does not come into contact with the bore during normal longitudinal movements during traction or braking, and can only do so during exceptional impacts. The upper part of this pivot forms a circular cap 18 having a flat lower surface 18A, facing the circular crown of polished hard metal 8 of the toric part 1.

Conformément à une caractéristique essentielle de l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention, des moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 sont disposés entre la partie supérieure de la pièce torique 1 et la partie supérieure de la pièce de support 9 lui faisant face. Ces moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 sont disposés entre la seconde surface 1B externe cylindrique de la pièce torique 1 et la surface 20B du véhicule B faisant face à la seconde surface 1B.In accordance with an essential characteristic of the coupling joint of the invention, energy absorption means 3 are arranged between the upper part of the toric part 1 and the upper part of the support part 9 facing it. . These energy absorption means 3 are disposed between the second cylindrical external surface 1B of the toric part 1 and the surface 20B of the vehicle B facing the second surface 1B.

De plus, des moyens de cisaillement 22 coopérant avec des moyens de translation longitudinale 23, sont disposés entre la pièce de support 9 et un bras de support 24. Le bras de support 24 est relié au véhicule B. Les moyens de cisaillement 22 maintiennent la pièce de support 9 solidaire des moyens de translation longitudinale 23. Les moyens de translation longitudinale 23 sont fixés au bras de support 24.In addition, shearing means 22 cooperating with longitudinal translation means 23, are arranged between the support piece 9 and a support arm 24. The support arm 24 is connected to the vehicle B. The shear means 22 maintain the support piece 9 secured to the longitudinal translation means 23. The longitudinal translation means 23 are fixed to the support arm 24.

Les extrémités des moyens de translation longitudinale 23 et de la pièce de support 9 ont des surfaces telles qu'elles constituent une butée transversale 25. Cette butée transversale a pour fonction de limiter la course de la pièce de support 9 le long du bras de support 24 et d'empêcher que les caisses des véhicules ne se désolidarisent lors de la traction de la rame suite à la rupture des moyens de cisaillement 22.The ends of the longitudinal translation means 23 and of the support piece 9 have surfaces such that they constitute a transverse stop 25. This transverse stop has the function of limiting the travel of the support piece 9 along the support arm 24 and to prevent the vehicle bodies from coming apart during the pulling of the train following the rupture of the shearing means 22.

La pièce torique 1 est indéformable et l'une et l'autre de ses extrémités forme un buttoir. La pièce torique 1 est calibré en fonction du type de matériel ferroviaire roulant sur lequel elle est montée. A titre d'exemple, la tenue de cette pièce torique varie de 20 kN à 3000 kN. La pièce torique peut être réalisée en acier, en alliage au Titane, en alliage d'aluminium ou en matériaux composites.The O-piece 1 is undeformable and one and the other of its ends forms a ridger. The toric piece 1 is calibrated according to the type of rolling stock on which it is mounted. For example, the resistance of this toric part varies from 20 kN to 3000 kN. The O-ring can be made of steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy or composite materials.

Les moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 monté en extrémité du véhicule B absorbe l'énergie. Cette absorption d'énergie peut se faire lorsque les véhicules sont en alignement ou lorsque les véhicules sont en courbe, mais également lors des passages en creux et bosses du profil de voie.The energy absorption means 3 mounted at the end of the vehicle B absorbs energy. This energy absorption can be done when the vehicles are in alignment or when the vehicles are in a curve, but also during the passages and bumps in the track profile.

Les moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 sont des éléments n'intervenant que lorsque les valeurs d'efforts longitudinaux dépassent les valeurs des efforts normaux de service.The energy absorption means 3 are elements which only intervene when the values of longitudinal forces exceed the values of normal service forces.

Les moyens d'absorption d'énergie peuvent être réalisés à partir de matériaux ayant des coefficients d'allongement élevés et un écart important entre sa limite élastique et sa limite de rupture de façon à absorber le maximum d'énergie sans risque de rupture dès le début du choc.The energy absorption means can be made from materials having high elongation coefficients and a large difference between its elastic limit and its rupture limit so as to absorb the maximum energy without risk of rupture from the start of shock.

A titre d'exemple, les moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 sont des structures en un acier ordinaire, en un acier inoxydable, en un alliage d'aluminium, formant une structure en tôles ou en nids d'abeilles, ou une structure associant les aciers ou l'alliage cités.By way of example, the energy absorption means 3 are structures of ordinary steel, of stainless steel, of an aluminum alloy, forming a sheet or honeycomb structure, or a structure combining the aforementioned steels or alloy.

Les moyens de translation longitudinale 23 coopèrent avec la pièce de support 9 au moyen, par exemple, de rails, de chemins de roulement ou de glissières 9C.The longitudinal translation means 23 cooperate with the support part 9 by means, for example, of rails, raceways or slides 9C.

La figure 3 montre un premier mode de réalisation des moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 formant une structure en tôles.Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of the energy absorption means 3 forming a sheet structure.

La figure 4 montre un deuxième mode de réalisation des moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 formant une structure composée de couches successives et multiples de nids d'abeilles 41 de rigidités différentes et progressives.FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the energy absorption means 3 forming a structure composed of successive and multiple layers of honeycombs 41 of different and progressive rigidities.

Les moyens d'absorption d'énergie peuvent encore être réalisés à partir d'éléments du type ressorts combinant le caoutchouc et le métal.The energy absorption means can also be produced from elements of the spring type combining rubber and metal.

La figure 5 montre un troisième mode de réalisation des moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 formant une structure composée de couches successives et multiples en caoutchouc 51 et en métal 52 de rigidités différentes et progressives.FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the energy absorption means 3 forming a structure composed of successive and multiple layers of rubber 51 and metal 52 of different and progressive rigidities.

Les moyens d'absorption d'énergie peuvent encore être réalisés à partir de matière viscoélastique logée à l'intérieur d'une cavité réalisée en acier ordinaire, en acier inoxydables ou en alliage d'aluminium.The energy absorption means can also be made from viscoelastic material housed inside a cavity made of ordinary steel, stainless steel or aluminum alloy.

La figure 6 montre un quatrième mode de réalisation des moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 comportant une structure en élastomère 61 disposé dans une cavité coulissante 63 coopérant avec au moins un ressort 62.FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the energy absorption means 3 comprising an elastomer structure 61 disposed in a sliding cavity 63 cooperating with at least one spring 62.

De tels modes de réalisation confèrent à l'agencement des moyens d'absorption d'énergie une déformation progressive correcte lors de l'absorption d'énergie.Such embodiments give the arrangement of the energy absorption means a correct progressive deformation during the energy absorption.

Les moyens d'absorption d'énergie sont de préférence démontables. De plus, il est préférable de prévoir un jeu, en fonctionnement normal, entre les moyens d'absorption d'énergie et la pièce torique.The energy absorption means are preferably removable. In addition, it is preferable to provide a clearance, in normal operation, between the energy absorption means and the toric part.

Les figures 7 et 8 représentent des vues en coupe, respectivement, horizontale et transversale des moyens de cisaillement 22 coopérant avec des moyens de translation longitudinale 23 et la pièce de support 9 de l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention.Figures 7 and 8 show sectional views, respectively, horizontal and transverse of the shearing means 22 cooperating with translation means longitudinal 23 and the support piece 9 of the coupling joint of the invention.

Les moyens de cisaillement 22 se composent, par exemple, d'écrous de sécurité en nombre variable fonction de l'effort à absorber. Les moyens de cisaillement 22 peuvent disposer de gorges de rupture 22A.The shearing means 22 consist, for example, of safety nuts in variable number depending on the force to be absorbed. The shearing means 22 may have rupture grooves 22A.

Ces moyens de cisaillement 22 empêchent la translation longitudinale de la pièce de support 9 le long du bras de support 24.These shearing means 22 prevent the longitudinal translation of the support piece 9 along the support arm 24.

La butée transversale 25 n'autorise le déplacement des moyens de translation longitudinale 23 suivant la glissière 9C de la pièce de support 9 que dans un seul sens lors de l'absorption d'énergie.The transverse stop 25 authorizes the displacement of the longitudinal translation means 23 along the slide 9C of the support piece 9 only in one direction during the absorption of energy.

La figure 9 représente, en perspective, l'extrémité porteuse de la caisse de véhicule B comportant une pièce de support de l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention.FIG. 9 shows, in perspective, the load-bearing end of the vehicle body B comprising a support piece for the coupling joint of the invention.

La figure 10 représente, en perspective, l'extrémité supportée de la caisse de véhicule A comportant une pièce torique de l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention.Figure 10 shows, in perspective, the supported end of the vehicle body A comprising an O-ring of the coupling joint of the invention.

La figure 11 est une vue en perspective de l'ensemble de l'articulation d'accouplement de l'invention.Figure 11 is a perspective view of the assembly of the coupling joint of the invention.

On retrouve dans ces figures 9, 10 et 11 la pièce torique 1, reliée à l'un des véhicules A, la pièce de support 9, relié à l'autre véhicule B, les moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 disposés entre la partie supérieure de ladite pièce torique 1 et la partie supérieure de ladite pièce de support 9 lui faisant face, et les moyens de cisaillement 22 maintenant la pièce de support 9 solidaire des moyens de translation longitudinale 23 fixés au bras de support 24 relié au véhicule B.We find in these figures 9, 10 and 11 the toric part 1, connected to one of the vehicles A, the support part 9, connected to the other vehicle B, the energy absorption means 3 arranged between the upper part of said toroidal part 1 and the upper part of said support part 9 facing it, and the shearing means 22 holding the support part 9 integral with the longitudinal translation means 23 fixed to the support arm 24 connected to the vehicle B .

L'absorption de l'énergie induite par des efforts normaux provoqués par la traction ou le freinage de la rame se fait par l'élément d'articulation torique 13. Ce premier cas de figure correspond à un fonctionnement normal, il n'y a donc pas d'élément détérioré, ni création de bruit.The absorption of energy induced by normal forces caused by the traction or braking of the train is done by the toric articulation element 13. This first case corresponds to normal operation, there is therefore no deteriorated element, nor creation of noise.

L'absorption de l'énergie induite par des efforts du fait de petits chocs provoqués par l'accouplement entre rames à des vitesses dépassant légèrement la vitesse autorisée se fait par l'élément d'articulation torique 13 ainsi que par les moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3.The absorption of the energy induced by efforts due to small shocks caused by the coupling between trains at speeds slightly exceeding the authorized speed is done by the toric articulation element 13 as well as by the absorption means energy 3.

L'absorption de l'énergie induite par des efforts du fait de chocs violents provoqués par de petites collisions ou par des accouplements entre rames à des vitesses non autorisées se fait également par l'élément d'articulation torique 13 ainsi que par les moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3. Dans ce cas de figure, l'élément d'articulation torique 13 n'est pas détérioré du fait de la rupture des moyens de cisaillement 22 coopérant avec les moyens de translation longitudinale 23. Par contre, les moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 sont détériorés.The absorption of the energy induced by efforts due to violent shocks caused by small collisions or by couplings between trains at unauthorized speeds is also done by the toric articulation element 13 as well as by the means d energy absorption 3. In this case, the toric articulation element 13 is not damaged due to the rupture of the shearing means 22 cooperating with the longitudinal translation means 23. On the other hand, the means 3 energy absorption are deteriorated.

La figure 12 représente des diagrammes d'efforts de l'articulation d'accouplement en fonction de différentes valeurs de déplacements longitudinaux correspondant aux différents cas précédents.FIG. 12 represents force diagrams of the coupling articulation as a function of different values of longitudinal displacements corresponding to the different previous cases.

Ces diagrammes d'efforts illustrent le fonctionnement de l'articulation d'accouplement et, notamment, des moyens d'absorption d'énergie.These force diagrams illustrate the operation of the coupling joint and, in particular, of the energy absorption means.

Sur ces diagrammes, le point A correspondant à l'axe des ordonnés, la course AB maximale ou AB' minimale est prévue pour le fonctionnment normal de la rame articulée en traction ou en freinage. Comme indiqué ci-dessus, il n'y a ni choc, ni bruit.On these diagrams, point A corresponding to the ordinate axis, the maximum AB or minimum AB 'stroke is provided for the normal operation of the articulated train under traction or braking. As indicated above, there is no shock or noise.

La course AC maximale est la limite de déplacement prévue pour les opérations d'accostage. Il y a un choc lorsque, par exemple, la seconde surface externe cylindrique de la pièce torique est percutée mais il y a absorption de l'énergie par les moyens d'absorption d'énergie. Comme indiqué ci-dessus, il n'y a aucun élément détérioré.The maximum AC stroke is the displacement limit provided for docking operations. There is a shock when, for example, the second cylindrical external surface of the O-ring is struck, but there is absorption of energy by the energy absorption means. As noted above, there are no damaged items.

La course AD est le déplacement maximale autorisé après un choc violent pour déclencher les moyens d'absorption d'énergie. Les moyens de cisaillement et la butée transversale sont détériorés.The AD race is the maximum displacement authorized after a violent shock to trigger the means energy absorption. The shearing means and the transverse stop are deteriorated.

Après fonctionnement du dispositif d'énergie et donc rupture des moyens de cisaillement, il est possible de tractionner la rame sans risque de séparation des véhicules du fait de la présence de butées transversales en extrémités de la pièce de support. Pour ce faire, les surfaces de la pièce de support et des moyens de translation longitudinale composant cette butée reviennent en contact les une avec les autres.After operation of the energy device and therefore rupture of the shearing means, it is possible to pull the train without the risk of separation of the vehicles due to the presence of transverse stops at the ends of the support part. To do this, the surfaces of the support piece and of the longitudinal translation means making up this stop come back into contact with one another.

Un autre mode de réalisation de l'articulation d'accouplement, représenté à la figure 13, consiste à disposer deux moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 entre une première 26 et une seconde 27 surface externe de la partie supérieure de la pièce torique 1 et, respectivement, une première 20A et une seconde 20C surface du véhicule A. Les première 26 et seconde 27 surfaces externes de la partie supérieure de la pièce torique 1 et les première 20A et seconde 20C surfaces du véhicule A sont disposées, respectivement, en vis-à-vis les unes des autres.Another embodiment of the coupling articulation, represented in FIG. 13, consists in having two energy absorption means 3 between a first 26 and a second 27 external surface of the upper part of the toric part 1 and, respectively, a first 20A and a second 20C surface of the vehicle A. The first 26 and second 27 external surfaces of the upper part of the O-ring 1 and the first 20A and second 20C surfaces of the vehicle A are arranged, respectively, in vis-à-vis each other.

De plus, des moyens d'absorption d'énergie peuvent également être disposés entre la seconde surface externe cylindrique 1B de la partie supérieure de la pièce torique 1 et la surface 20B du véhicule B de manière à combiner les deux modes de réalisation précédents.In addition, energy absorption means can also be arranged between the second cylindrical external surface 1B of the upper part of the toric part 1 and the surface 20B of the vehicle B so as to combine the two previous embodiments.

La première surface externe cylindrique 1A de la partie supérieure de l'élément torique 1 fait face à la surface externe cylindrique 9A de la semelle 9B de la pièce de support 9 solidaire de la caisse du véhicule B.The first cylindrical external surface 1A of the upper part of the O-ring element 1 faces the cylindrical external surface 9A of the sole 9B of the support piece 9 secured to the body of the vehicle B.

L'invention porte également sur un procédé d'absorption d'énergie entre deux véhicules ferroviaires.The invention also relates to a method of absorbing energy between two railway vehicles.

Conformément à l'invention, le procédé d'absorption d'énergie entre deux véhicules ferroviaires est telle que:

  • l'élément d'articulation torique 13 absorbe l'énergie induite par des efforts normaux provoqués par la traction ou le freinage de la rame;
  • l'élément d'articulation torique 13 et les moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 absorbent l'énergie induite par des efforts du fait de petits chocs provoqués par l'accouplement entre rames à des vitesses dépassant légèrement la vitesse autorisée; et
  • l'élément d'articulation torique 13 et les moyens d'absorption d'énergie 3 absorbent l'énergie induite par des efforts du fait de chocs violents provoqués par de petites collisions ou par des accouplements entre rames à des vitesses non autorisées, sans détériorer l'élément d'articulation torique 13 du fait de la rupture des moyens de cisaillement 22 coopérant avec les moyens de translation longitudinale 23.
According to the invention, the method of absorbing energy between two railway vehicles is such that:
  • the toric articulation element 13 absorbs the energy induced by normal forces caused by the traction or braking of the train;
  • the toric articulation element 13 and the energy absorption means 3 absorb the energy induced by forces due to small shocks caused by coupling between trains at speeds slightly exceeding the authorized speed; and
  • the toric articulation element 13 and the energy absorption means 3 absorb the energy induced by forces due to violent shocks caused by small collisions or by couplings between trains at unauthorized speeds, without damaging the toroidal articulation element 13 due to the rupture of the shearing means 22 cooperating with the longitudinal translation means 23.

Claims (14)

Articulation d'accouplement entre deux véhicules (A, B), notamment ferroviaires, comprenant des moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) disposés entre l'un et/ou l'autre desdits deux véhicules (A, B) et un éléments composant ladite articulation d'accouplement.Coupling joint between two vehicles (A, B), in particular rail, comprising energy absorption means (3) arranged between one and / or the other of said two vehicles (A, B) and an element composing said coupling joint. Articulation d'accouplement entre deux véhicules (A, B), notamment ferroviaires, reposant sur un bogie médian entre lesdits deux véhicules, comprenant: - une pièce torique (1), reliée à l'un des véhicules (A), de surface tronconique dans sa partie inférieure, cylindrique dans sa partie supérieure, de manière à définir une première (1A) et une seconde (1B) surface externe cylindrique, et comportant un alésage cylindrique (4) en son centre; - une pièce de support (9), relié à l'autre véhicule (B), comportant dans sa partie supérieure une partie cylindrique interne (9A) faisant face à ladite surface externe cylindrique (1A) de la partie supérieure de ladite pièce torique (1) et venant envelopper ladite pièce torique (1) au moyen d'une semelle (9A) située à un niveau inférieur à celui de ladite pièce torique (1); - un pivot cylindrique (17), fixé sur ladite semelle (9A) et engagé dans ledit alésage cylindrique (4); - un élément d'articulation torique (13), fixé sur ladite semelle (9A) assurant l'articulation entre ladite semelle (9A) et ladite pièce torique (1); caractérisée par: - des moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) disposés entre ladite première (1A) ou seconde (1B) surface externe cylindrique de ladite pièce torique (1) et la surface (20A, 20B) dudit véhicule (A, B) faisant face à ladite première (1A) ou seconde (1B) surface externe; et - des moyens de cisaillement (22) maintenant ladite pièce de support (9) solidaire de moyens de translation longitudinale (23) fixés audit bras de support (24) relié audit véhicule (B). Coupling joint between two vehicles (A, B), in particular rail, resting on a median bogie between said two vehicles, comprising: - an O-ring (1), connected to one of the vehicles (A), of frustoconical surface in its lower part, cylindrical in its upper part, so as to define a first (1A) and a second (1B) external surface cylindrical, and having a cylindrical bore (4) at its center; - a support part (9), connected to the other vehicle (B), comprising in its upper part an internal cylindrical part (9A) facing said external cylindrical surface (1A) of the upper part of said toric part ( 1) and enveloping said toric piece (1) by means of a sole (9A) situated at a level lower than that of said toric piece (1); - a cylindrical pivot (17), fixed on said sole (9A) and engaged in said cylindrical bore (4); - a toric articulation element (13), fixed on said sole (9A) ensuring the articulation between said sole (9A) and said toric part (1); characterized by: - energy absorption means (3) arranged between said first (1A) or second (1B) cylindrical external surface of said toric part (1) and the surface (20A, 20B) of said vehicle (A, B) making facing said first (1A) or second (1B) external surface; and - shearing means (22) holding said support piece (9) integral with longitudinal translation means (23) fixed to said support arm (24) connected to said vehicle (B). Articulation d'accouplement selon la revendication 2; dans laquelle les moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) sont disposés entre ladite seconde surface externe cylindrique (1B) de la partie supérieure de ladite pièce torique (1) et ladite surface (20B) dudit véhicule B.A coupling joint according to claim 2; wherein the energy absorbing means (3) are arranged between said second cylindrical external surface (1B) of the upper part of said O-ring (1) and said surface (20B) of said vehicle B. Articulation d'accouplement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3; dans laquelle au moins un moyen d'absorption d'énergie (3) est disposés entre au moins une surface externe (26, 27) de la partie supérieure de la pièce torique (1) et, respectivement, une surface (20A, 20C) du véhicule (A).A coupling joint according to any one of claims 2 or 3; in which at least one energy absorbing means (3) is arranged between at least one external surface (26, 27) of the upper part of the O-ring (1) and, respectively, a surface (20A, 20C) of the vehicle (A). Articulation d'accouplement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4; dans laquelle les moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) sont des structures en un acier ordinaire, en un acier inoxydable, en un alliage d'aluminium ou une structure associant les aciers et/ou l'alliage cités, formant une structure en tôlesCoupling joint according to any one of claims 2 to 4; in which the energy absorption means (3) are structures made of ordinary steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy or a structure combining the steels and / or alloy mentioned, forming a structure sheets Articulation d'accouplement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4; dans laquelle les moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) sont des structures en un acier ordinaire, en un acier inoxydable, en un alliage d'aluminium ou une structure associant les aciers et/ou l'alliage cités, formant une structure en nids d'abeilles.Coupling joint according to any one of claims 2 to 4; in which the energy absorption means (3) are structures made of ordinary steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy or a structure combining the steels and / or alloy mentioned, forming a structure honeycombs. Articulation d'accouplement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4; dans laquelle les moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) sont des éléments du type ressorts combinant le caoutchouc et le métal.Coupling joint according to any one of claims 2 to 4; in which the energy absorption means (3) are elements of the spring type combining rubber and metal. Articulation d'accouplement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7; dans laquelle les moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) comportent une succession de structures de rigidités différentes et progressives.A coupling joint according to any one of claims 6 or 7; in which the energy absorption means (3) comprise a succession different and progressive rigid structures. Articulation d'accouplement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4; dans laquelle les moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) sont réalisés à partir d'une matière viscoélastique logée à l'intérieur de cavités réalisées en acier ordinaire, en acier inoxydables ou en alliage d'aluminium.Coupling joint according to any one of claims 2 to 4; wherein the energy absorption means (3) are made from a viscoelastic material housed inside cavities made of ordinary steel, stainless steel or aluminum alloy. Articulation d'accouplement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4; dans laquelle les moyens de cisaillement (22) se composent d'écrous de sécurité, en nombre variable fonction de l'effort à absorber, empêchant la translation longitudinale de la pièce de support (9) le long du bras de support (24).Coupling joint according to any one of claims 2 to 4; wherein the shearing means (22) consist of safety nuts, in variable number depending on the force to be absorbed, preventing the longitudinal translation of the support piece (9) along the support arm (24). Articulation d'accouplement selon la revendication 10; dans laquelle les moyens de cisaillement (22) disposent de gorges de rupture.A coupling joint according to claim 10; wherein the shearing means (22) have break grooves. Articulation d'accouplement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4; dans laquelle les moyens de translation longitudinale (23) sont constitués de rails, de chemins de roulement ou de glissières.Coupling joint according to any one of claims 2 to 4; in which the longitudinal translation means (23) consist of rails, raceways or slides. Articulation d'accouplement selon la revendication 12; dans laquelle les moyens de translation longitudinale (23) comportent, à l'une de leurs extrémités, des moyens (25) limitant la course de la pièce de support (9) le long du bras de support (24) et empêchant que les caisses des véhicules ne se désolidarisent lors de la traction de la rame suite à la rupture des moyens de cisaillement (22).A coupling joint according to claim 12; in which the longitudinal translation means (23) comprise, at one of their ends, means (25) limiting the stroke of the support piece (9) along the support arm (24) and preventing the boxes vehicles do not separate during the traction of the train following the rupture of the shearing means (22). Procédé d'absorption d'énergie entre deux véhicules, notamment, ferroviaires caractérisé en ce que: - un élément d'articulation torique (13) absorbe une énergie induite par des efforts normaux provoqués par une traction ou un freinage de la rame; - l'élément d'articulation torique (13) et des moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) absorbent une énergie induite par des efforts du fait de petits chocs provoqués par un accouplement entre rames à des vitesses dépassant légèrement une vitesse autorisée; et - l'élément d'articulation torique (13) et les moyens d'absorption d'énergie (3) absorbent une énergie induite par des efforts du fait de chocs violents provoqués par de petites collisions ou par des accouplements entre rames à des vitesses non autorisées, sans détériorer l'élément d'articulation torique (13) du fait de la rupture de moyens de cisaillement (22) coopérant avec des moyens de translation longitudinale (23). Method of absorbing energy between two vehicles, in particular railway vehicles, characterized in that: - a toric articulation element (13) absorbs energy induced by normal forces caused by traction or braking of the train; - the toric articulation element (13) and energy absorption means (3) absorb energy induced by efforts due to small shocks caused by coupling between trains at speeds slightly exceeding an authorized speed; and - the toric articulation element (13) and the energy absorption means (3) absorb energy induced by efforts due to violent shocks caused by small collisions or by couplings between trains at non-speed allowed, without damaging the toric articulation element (13) due to the rupture of shearing means (22) cooperating with longitudinal translation means (23).
EP95400290A 1994-02-15 1995-02-13 Articulated coupling and method for energy absorption between two railway vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0667271B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9401690 1994-02-15
FR9401690A FR2716149B1 (en) 1994-02-15 1994-02-15 Coupling joint and energy absorption method between two railway vehicles.

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EP (1) EP0667271B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3583492B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100369758B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2142499C (en)
DE (1) DE69501838T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2116045T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2716149B1 (en)

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EP0906860A1 (en) 1997-10-02 1999-04-07 Gec Alsthom Transport Sa Articulated coupling
FR2769276A1 (en) 1997-10-02 1999-04-09 Gec Alsthom Transport Sa COUPLING ARTICULATION
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FR2901763A1 (en) * 2006-06-02 2007-12-07 Alstom Transport Sa Railway car body`s longitudinal end structural assembly, has beam fixed on articulation unit to extend towards interior of car, and articulation unit fixed on crosspiece, where beam and crosspiece are made of composite material
EP1914142A3 (en) * 2006-06-02 2008-05-28 Alstom Transport S.A. Structural assembly for the end of a railway vehicle body
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EP4063228A1 (en) * 2021-03-26 2022-09-28 Siemens Mobility GmbH Rail vehicle with connection device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2116045T3 (en) 1998-07-01
JP3583492B2 (en) 2004-11-04
KR950031744A (en) 1995-12-20
US5615786A (en) 1997-04-01
CA2142499C (en) 2005-01-25
DE69501838D1 (en) 1998-04-30
FR2716149B1 (en) 1996-03-29
FR2716149A1 (en) 1995-08-18
KR100369758B1 (en) 2003-05-09
JPH07267086A (en) 1995-10-17
CA2142499A1 (en) 1995-08-16
DE69501838T2 (en) 1998-07-16
EP0667271B1 (en) 1998-03-25

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