EP0665328B1 - Papiermaschine zum Pressen und Trocknen einer Faserstoffbahn - Google Patents

Papiermaschine zum Pressen und Trocknen einer Faserstoffbahn Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0665328B1
EP0665328B1 EP95200680A EP95200680A EP0665328B1 EP 0665328 B1 EP0665328 B1 EP 0665328B1 EP 95200680 A EP95200680 A EP 95200680A EP 95200680 A EP95200680 A EP 95200680A EP 0665328 B1 EP0665328 B1 EP 0665328B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
fabric
fibers
press
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95200680A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0665328A1 (de
Inventor
Dennis Callahan Cronin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beloit Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Beloit Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beloit Technologies Inc filed Critical Beloit Technologies Inc
Publication of EP0665328A1 publication Critical patent/EP0665328A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0665328B1 publication Critical patent/EP0665328B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/04—Arrangements thereof
    • D21F3/045—Arrangements thereof including at least one extended press nip
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/08—Felts
    • D21F7/083—Multi-layer felts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a papermaking apparatus for pressing and drying a web.
  • a formed web is guided through a press section for removing as much water as possible from the formed web before guiding the pressed web into a drying section.
  • a long-standing problem has been experienced in transferring a pressed web from a press section to a dryer section.
  • a press felt for supporting the web during passage through a pressing nip of the press section would thereafter convey the web towards and around at least an initial portion of the dryer section.
  • the aforementioned ideal arrangement has not proved practical because the press felt normally absorbs a large quantity of water from the web during passage of the web and press felt through the press nip, and unless the web and press felt are caused to diverge relative to each other immediately downstream relative to the press nip, the web becomes rewetted by the water laden press felt.
  • the press felt is guided around at least one guide roll such that the press felt diverges relative to the web immediately downstream relative to the press nip. Subsequently, a press-to-dryer transfer felt is led into guiding relationship with the web downstream relative to the press nip for guiding and supporting the web into and around the dryer section.
  • a dryer felt will be extended into proximity with the press section such that the web is supported by the dryer felt and conveyed thereby to the dryer section.
  • the web at some point between the press nip and the dryer section, is unsupported by either the press felt, a press-to-dryer transfer felt, or a dryer felt. Accordingly, such "open draw" of the web has necessitated relatively complex threading techniques in order to thread a tail of the web from the press section into a downstream dryer section.
  • US-A-4,483,745 there is described a papermaking apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • US-A-4,483,745 to L. Wicks et al teaches a "no draw" press-to-dryer transfer utilizing a non-porous blanket which extends from an extended nip press arrangement to a downstream dryer section such that the web is conveyed by the non-porous blanket from the extended nip to the subsequent dryer section.
  • the aforementioned non-porous blanket which supports the web, necessitates one-sided removal of the water pressed from the web during passage through the extended nip.
  • one-sidedness of the resultant web is acceptable, if "two-sidedness" or uniformity in surface characteristics of the resultant web is required, the web must in some way be reversed in order to achieve the desired two-sidedness of the web.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a papermaking apparatus permitting complete support of the web without "open draw” from the press nip to the dryer section and which permits water to be absorbed thereby while inhibiting rewetting of the web.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of a papermaking apparatus utilizing a fabric having a relatively smooth surface towards the web such that the web predictably follows the fabric when a felt and the fabric diverge relative to each other downstream of a double felted press arrangement.
  • the papermaking apparatus of the invention is characterized by the features claimed in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the web is supported and guided through the nip by a fabric which defines a smooth surface towards the web in comparision with the relatively rough surface of the felt, such that when the web exits the nip and the fabric and felt diverge relative to each other, the web follows the smooth surface of the fabric without being rewetted thereby.
  • the dryer section includes an upstream dryer and a guide roll which cooperates with the upstream dryer.
  • the fabric extends from the nip to and around a portion of a heated outer surface of the upstream dryer, the fabric thereafter being guided away from the upstream dryer by the guide roll such that the web is guided without open draw from the nip to the dryer section without rewetting thereof by the fabric.
  • the fabric has a caliper within the range 1.27 to 2.54 microns (1/20 thousandth of an inch to 1/10 thousandth of an inch).
  • the press also includes a backing felt which is disposed contiguously relative to the fabric for backing the fabric such that water from the web passes through the fabric into the backing felt.
  • the fabric also inhibits flow of water from the backing felt that would otherwise cause rewetting of the web.
  • the present invention was made and the unexpected results were obtained therefrom by passing a particular sample felt patch through heated extended nip press of the type described in US-A-4,738,752.
  • the resultant fabric had a caliper in the range of 1.7 microns (1/15 thousandth of an inch) and displayed a relatively smooth web supporting surface.
  • the unexpected discovery was made that water had been absorbed by the fabric, but the web had not been appreciably rewetted by the fabric during passage of the fabric supported web downstream relative to the press nip.
  • the fabric includes a base which defines a first and a second side.
  • the base comprises a plurality of hydrophobic filaments.
  • a first layer of fibers is disposed contiguously relative to the first side with the first layer of fibers being applied onto the first side of the base.
  • a second layer of fibers is disposed contiguously relative to the second side of the base with the second layer of fibers being applied onto the second side of the base.
  • At least one of the layers of the fibers includes a mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fibers. The layers and the base are combined such that the fabric has a low permeability which permits water to be absorbed thereby while inhibiting rewetting of the web.
  • the base includes a first plurality of the filaments which are disposed in a machine direction and a second plurality of the filaments disposed in a cross-machine direction with the machine and cross-machine directional filaments being woven together.
  • the hydrophobic filaments are of TEFLON, and the layers are needled into the first and the second sides respectively of the base. Furthermore, the mixture is of TEFLON and fiberglass fibers with the first and second layers of fibers having a denier which is less than the denier of the filaments.
  • both layers of fibers include a mixture of TEFLON and fiberglass fibers.
  • the mixture of TEFLON and fiberglass fibers is in a ratio within the range 9:1 to 2:1.
  • the layers and the base are at least partially fused together by the application of pressure and heat.
  • the fabric has an application particularly as a press fabric or as a press-to-dryer transfer fabric.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a fabric generally designated 10 for supporting a web in a papermaking machine.
  • the fabric 10 includes a base generally designated 14 which defines a first and a second side 16 and 18 respectively.
  • the base 14 also includes a plurality of hydrophobic filaments generally designated 20 and 22 respectively.
  • a first layer of fibers 24 is disposed contiguously relative to the first side 16 with the first layer 24 of fibers being applied onto the first side 16 of the base 14.
  • a second layer of fibers 26 is disposed contiguously relative to the second side 18 of the base 14.
  • the second layer of fibers 26 is applied onto the second side 18 of the base 14 .
  • At least one of the layers of fibers 24, 26 includes a mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fibers, and the layers 24 and 26 and the base 14 are combined such that the fabric 10 has a low permeability permitting water to be absorbed thereby while inhibiting rewetting of the web.
  • the base 14 also includes a first plurality of filaments 28 which are disposed in a machine direction as indicated by the arrow MD.
  • a second plurality of the filaments 30,31,32,33,34 and 35 are disposed in a cross-machine direction as indicated by the arrow CD with the machine and cross-machine directional filaments 28 and 30-35 being woven together.
  • the hydrophobic filaments 28 and 30-35 are of TEFLON, and the layers 24 and 26 are needled into the first and the second sides 16 and 18 respectively of the base 14.
  • TEFLON is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont De Nemours & Company.
  • the second layer of fibers 26 is a mixture of fibers.
  • the mixture of fibers includes TEFLON and fiberglass fibers, and the individual fibers of the first and second layers 24 and 26 have a denier which is less than the denier of the filaments 28 and 30-35.
  • both layers of fibers 24 and 26 include a mixture of TEFLON and fiberglass fibers 36 and 37 respectively.
  • the mixture of TEFLON and fiberglass fibers is in a ratio within the range 9:1 to 2:1.
  • Figure 2 shows a process for making the aforementioned fabric 10 and shows the layers 24 and 26 and the base 14 as being at least partially fused together by the application of pressure and heat.
  • the fabric 10 is a press fabric which extends through either a conventional roll couple defining a press nip or a press fabric extending through an extended nip press defined between an elongate press member and a cooperating backing roll for defining an extended nip.
  • the fabric 10 is also a press-to-dryer transfer fabric for fully supporting the web from a press nip to a downstream dryer section.
  • Figure 2 shows a process for making the fabric 10 for supporting a web 12 in a papermaking machine.
  • the process comprises the steps of weaving a base 14 from a first plurality of machine directional TEFLON filaments 28 and a second plurality of cross-machine directional TEFLON filaments 30-35 such that the woven base 14 defines a first and a second side 16 and 18 respectively.
  • a first layer of fibers 24 is needled by a needling means 25 into the first side 16 of the base 14
  • a second layer of fibers 26 is needled by a needling means 27 into the second side 18 of the base 14 .
  • the first and the second layers of fibers 24 and 26 respectively are a mixture of TEFLON and fiberglass fibers 36 and 37 such that the base 14 and the layers 24 and 26 form an uncompressed mat 38.
  • the mat 38 is then pressed at an elevated temperature by a roll press 39 such that the layers 24 and 26 and the base 14 are at least partially fused together so that the resultant fabric 10 attains a relatively smooth surface 40 while retaining water-absorbing capabilities and inhibiting rewetting of the web.
  • the mat 38 is passed through a nip 42 of the press 39 , which is heated by induction heaters 44 , such that the layers 24 and 26 and the base 14 at least partially fuse together.
  • FIG 3 is a side-elevational view of a papermaking apparatus generally designated 46 for pressing and drying a web W shown by the dashed line.
  • the apparatus 46 includes an extended nip press generally designated 47 and a drying section generally designated 48 disposed downstream relative to the press 47.
  • the press 47 further includes a press member 50 and a backing roll 52 cooperating with the press member 50 for defining therebetween a press nip 54 for pressing the web W .
  • the fabric 10, as described hereinbefore, is disposed contiguously relative to the web W and extends through the nip 54 for supporting and guiding the web W through the nip 54.
  • a felt 56 extends through the nip 54 with the felt 56 being disposed on the opposite side 58 of the web W relative to the fabric 10.
  • the fabric 10 defines a relatively smooth surface 40 towards the web W such that when the web W exits the nip 54, and the fabric 10 and felt 56 diverge relative to each other, the web W follows the smooth surface 40 of the fabric 10 without being rewetted thereby.
  • the drying section 48 includes an upstream dryer 60.
  • a guide roll 62 cooperates with the upstream dryer 60, and the fabric 10 extends from the nip 54 to and around a portion 64 of a heated outer surface 66 of the upstream dryer 60.
  • the fabric 10 thereafter is guided away from the upstream dryer 60 by the guide roll 62 such that the web W is guided without open draw from the nip 54 to the drying section 48 without rewetting thereof by the fabric 10.
  • the fabric 10 has a caliper within the range 1.27 to 2.54 microns (1/20 thousandth of an inch to 1/10 thousandth of an inch).
  • the press 47 also includes a backing felt 68 which is disposed contiguously relative to the fabric 10 for backing the fabric 10 such that water from the web W passes through the fabric 10 into the backing felt 68.
  • the fabric 10 inhibits flow of water from the backing felt 68 that would otherwise cause rewetting of the web W .
  • the present invention provides a unique fabric which permits absorption thereby of water from a web supported on the fabric while inhibiting rewetting of the supported web. Additionally, the present invention enables the fabric of the present invention to support the web from the press nip to the dryer without rewetting the web while assuring predictable transfer of the web to the fabric in the case of a double felted pressing configuration.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Papierherstellvorrichtung (46) zum Pressen und Trocknen einer Bahn (W), wobei die Vorrichtung (46) aufweist:
    eine Presse (47),
    eine Trockenpartie (48), die relativ zu der Presse (47) stromabwärts angeordnet ist;
    wobei die Presse (47) weiter aufweist:
    ein Pressteil (50),
    eine Stützwalze (52), die mit dem Pressteil (50) zusammenwirkt, so dass zwischen ihnen ein Pressspalt (54) zum Pressen der Bahn (W) gebildet ist,
    eine Stützeinrichtung (10), die angrenzend an die Bahn (W) angeordnet ist und sich durch den Pressspalt (54) erstreckt, um die Bahn (W) abzustützen und durch den Pressspalt (54) hindurchzuführen, und
    einen Filz (56), der sich durch den Pressspalt (54) erstreckt, wobei der Filz (56) relativ zu der Stützeinrichtung (10) auf der entgegengesetzten Seite der Bahn (W) angeordnet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützeinrichtung (10) ein Gewebe (10) ist, das zu der Bahn (W) hin eine glatte Oberfläche (40) im Vergleich zu der relativ rauhen Oberfläche des Filzes (56) hat, so dass, wenn die Bahn (W) den Pressspalt (54) verlässt und das Gewebe (10) und der Filz (56) relativ zu einander divergieren, die Bahn (W) der glatten Oberfläche (40) des Gewebes (10) folgt, ohne dadurch wiederbenetzt zu werden, und
    dass die Trockenpartie (48) aufweist:
    einen stromaufwärtigen Trockner (60),
    eine Führungswalze (62), die mit dem stromaufwärtigen Trockner (60) zusammenwirkt,
    wobei sich das Gewebe (10) von dem Pressspalt (54) aus und um einen Teil (64) einer beheizten äußeren Oberfläche (66) des stromaufwärtigen Trockners (60) erstreckt, wobei das Gewebe (10) anschließend von dem stromaufwärtigen Trockner (60) durch die Führungswalze (62) so weggeleitet wird, dass die Bahn (W) ohne eine offene Strecke von dem Pressspalt (54) aus zu der Trockenpartie (48) geleitet wird, ohne dass dieselbe durch das Gewebe (10) wiederbenetzt wird.
  2. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Gewebe (10) eine Dicke in dem Bereich von 1,27 bis 2,54 Mikrometer (1/20 Tausendstelzoll bis 1/10 Tausendstelzoll) hat.
  3. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Presse (47) weiter aufweist:
    einen Unterstützungsfilz (68), der angrenzend an das Gewebe (10) angeordnet ist, um das Gewebe (10) zu unterstützen, so dass Wasser aus der Bahn (W) durch das Gewebe (10) hindurch in den Unterstützungsfilz (68) gelangt,
    wobei das Gewebe (10) einen Strom von Wasser aus dem Unterstützungsfilz (68) verhindert, der sonst eine Wiederbenetzung der Bahn (W) bewirken würde.
  4. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Gewebe (10) aufweist:
    eine Basis (14), die eine erste und eine zweite Seite (16, 18) hat;
    wobei die Basis (10) aufweist:
    eine Vielzahl von hydrophoben Elementarfäden (20, 22),
    eine erste Schicht Fasern (24), die angrenzend an die erste Seite (16) angeordnet ist, wobei die erste Schicht Fasern (24) auf die erste Seite (16) der Basis (14) aufgebracht ist,
    eine zweite Schicht Fasern (26), die angrenzend an die zweite Seite (18) der Basis (14) angeordnet ist, wobei die zweite Schicht Fasern (26) auf die zweite Seite (18) der Basis (14) aufgebracht ist;
    wobei wenigstens eine der Schichten von Fasern (24, 26) aufweist:
    eine Mischung aus hydrophoben und hydrophilen Fasern; und
    wobei die Schichten (24, 26) und die Basis (14) so kombiniert sind, dass das Gewebe (10) eine kleine Durchlässigkeit hat, was erlaubt, dass Wasser durch es absorbiert wird, während das Wiederbenetzen der Bahn (W) verhindert wird.
  5. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Basis (14) weiter umfasst:
    eine erste Vielzahl der Elementarfäden (28), die in einer Maschinenrichtung (MD) angeordnet sind,
    eine zweite Vielzahl der Elementarfäden (30-35), die quer zur Maschinenrichtung (CD) angeordnet sind,
    wobei die Elementarfäden in Maschinenrichtung und quer zur Maschinenrichtung (28, 30-25) miteinander verwebt sind.
  6. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die hydrophoben Elementarfäden (28, 30-35) aus TEFLON bestehen.
  7. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichten (24, 26) in die erste respektive die zweite Seite (16, 18) der Basis (14) hinein vernadelt sind.
  8. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischung TEFLON- (36) und Fiberglassfasern (37) umfasst.
  9. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fasern der ersten und zweiten Schichten (24, 26) aus Fasern ein Denier haben, das kleiner ist als das Denier der Elementarfäden (28, 30-35).
  10. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beide Schichten (24, 26) aus Fasern eine Mischung aus TEFLON- (36) und Fiberglasfasern (37) umfassen.
  11. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischung TEFLON- (36) und Fiberglasfasern (37) in einem Verhältnis innerhalb das Bereichs von 9:1 bis 2:1 umfasst.
  12. Papierherstellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichten (24, 26) und die Basis (14) durch die Anwendung von Druck und Wärme mindestens teilweise zusammengeschmolzen sind.
EP95200680A 1990-10-11 1991-10-10 Papiermaschine zum Pressen und Trocknen einer Faserstoffbahn Expired - Lifetime EP0665328B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59591090A 1990-10-11 1990-10-11
US595910 1990-10-11
EP19910630081 EP0480868B1 (de) 1990-10-11 1991-10-10 Gewebe zum Transportieren einer Papierbahn

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910630081 Division EP0480868B1 (de) 1990-10-11 1991-10-10 Gewebe zum Transportieren einer Papierbahn
EP91630081.7 Division 1991-10-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0665328A1 EP0665328A1 (de) 1995-08-02
EP0665328B1 true EP0665328B1 (de) 1999-03-31

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95200680A Expired - Lifetime EP0665328B1 (de) 1990-10-11 1991-10-10 Papiermaschine zum Pressen und Trocknen einer Faserstoffbahn
EP19910630081 Expired - Lifetime EP0480868B1 (de) 1990-10-11 1991-10-10 Gewebe zum Transportieren einer Papierbahn

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910630081 Expired - Lifetime EP0480868B1 (de) 1990-10-11 1991-10-10 Gewebe zum Transportieren einer Papierbahn

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Country Link
EP (2) EP0665328B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH07113197B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2053088C (de)
DE (2) DE69125781T2 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2004303857B2 (en) * 2003-12-17 2010-05-27 Albany International Corp. An industrial fabric having a layer of a fluoropolymer and method of manufacture

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GB9220351D0 (en) * 1992-09-25 1992-11-11 Albany Research Uk Improvements in and relating to paper machine felts
SE504975C2 (sv) * 1995-09-08 1997-06-02 Albany Int Corp Torkvira
JP3488403B2 (ja) * 1999-09-20 2004-01-19 市川毛織株式会社 湿紙搬送ベルト及びその製造方法
FI111471B (fi) * 1999-10-13 2003-07-31 Tamfelt Oyj Abp Siirtohihna paperikonetta varten
DE10158456A1 (de) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-18 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Pressfilz
JP4883629B2 (ja) * 2007-03-13 2012-02-22 イチカワ株式会社 湿紙搬送用ベルト
DE102008002373A1 (de) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Voith Patent Gmbh Pressanordnung
FI20085668L (fi) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-28 Metso Paper Inc Selluloosan kuivauskone ja menetelmä massarainan kuivaamiseksi
US20150159326A1 (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-11 Huyck Licensco, Inc. Felt with cellulosic fibers for forming fiber cement articles
CN113638257B (zh) * 2021-10-15 2021-12-31 潍坊华港包装材料有限公司 一种造纸机的定边及切边引纸水针装置

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DE1635472A1 (de) * 1966-05-27 1972-02-24 Breveteam Sa Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus wenigstens einer Oberschicht und einer Grundschicht bestehenden textilen Flaechengebildes durch Vernadelung der Schichten sowie nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes textiles Flaechengebilde
US3401467A (en) * 1967-06-05 1968-09-17 Orr Felt & Blanket Company Paper makers' felt
JPS50145603A (de) * 1974-05-10 1975-11-22
US4483745A (en) * 1982-09-29 1984-11-20 Beloit Corporation Method and apparatus of sheet transfer using a nonporous smooth surfaced belt
FI64959C (fi) * 1982-10-08 1984-02-10 Tamfelt Oy Ab Pressfilt foer transport av en fiberbana genom presspartiet i n pappersmaskin och foerfarande foer pressfiltens tillver knng
JPS59106595A (ja) * 1982-12-13 1984-06-20 市川毛織株式会社 製紙用ニ−ドルフエルト及びその製造法
SE455316B (sv) * 1985-12-09 1988-07-04 Nordiskafilt Ab Forfarande och anordning vid pressnyp i presspartiet till pappersmaskiner
JPS6344877A (ja) * 1986-04-02 1988-02-25 Ain Eng Kk 皮革様シ−ト
US4738752A (en) * 1986-08-12 1988-04-19 Beloit Corporation Heated extended nip press apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2004303857B2 (en) * 2003-12-17 2010-05-27 Albany International Corp. An industrial fabric having a layer of a fluoropolymer and method of manufacture
AU2004303857C1 (en) * 2003-12-17 2010-10-07 Albany International Corp. An industrial fabric having a layer of a fluoropolymer and method of manufacture
CN1894466B (zh) * 2003-12-17 2011-04-20 阿尔巴尼国际公司 具有氟聚合物层的工业织物及其制造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0480868B1 (de) 1997-04-23
CA2053088A1 (en) 1992-04-12
JPH04281092A (ja) 1992-10-06
DE69131077T2 (de) 1999-09-30
DE69125781T2 (de) 1997-09-04
EP0665328A1 (de) 1995-08-02
DE69125781D1 (de) 1997-05-28
JPH07113197B2 (ja) 1995-12-06
DE69131077D1 (de) 1999-05-06
EP0480868A1 (de) 1992-04-15
CA2053088C (en) 1997-10-14

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