EP0663563B1 - Méthode pour combustion dans des appareils de combustion et un appareil de combustion - Google Patents

Méthode pour combustion dans des appareils de combustion et un appareil de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0663563B1
EP0663563B1 EP94119330A EP94119330A EP0663563B1 EP 0663563 B1 EP0663563 B1 EP 0663563B1 EP 94119330 A EP94119330 A EP 94119330A EP 94119330 A EP94119330 A EP 94119330A EP 0663563 B1 EP0663563 B1 EP 0663563B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
boiler
heat exchange
heat
heat transfer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94119330A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0663563A1 (fr
Inventor
Carsten Meier
Detlef Bohmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elco Kloeckner Heiztechnik GmbH
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Elco Kloeckner Heiztechnik GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/12—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically the surrounding tube being closed at one end, e.g. return type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/263—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body with a dry-wall combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F24H1/282—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with flue gas passages built-up by coaxial water mantles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/09001—Cooling flue gas before returning them to flame or combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating the combustion of fuels in combustion plants a boiler fired by a burner, in which the thermal energy of the fuel transferred to a heat transfer medium is, as well as on a device for performing a such a method according to the preambles of the claims 1 and 9.
  • the design of the boiler or the heat generator of great importance is the design of the boiler or the heat generator of great importance.
  • the construction the boiler is essentially influenced by the Geometry of the firebox and through the guidance of the Combustion gases. Boiler constructions are designed so that as much heat as possible, that arises during the chemical conversion of the fuel, completely transferred to the heat transfer medium without loss becomes. In addition to water, low or High pressure steam and organic liquids into consideration.
  • the known ones Divide boiler designs into two construction elements: the combustion chamber in which the combustion process takes place and the thermal energy essentially through radiation or transfer heat radiation to the combustion gases becomes; and downstream cooled heat exchange surfaces, via the combustion gases change their enthalpy by convection dispense the heat transfer medium.
  • the known furnace system includes one Boiler surrounded by a water-bearing housing is.
  • the boiler also includes a combustion flame and the combustion gas-absorbing interior, in which a tubular insert is introduced. The interior is closed on its downstream side, so that the combustion gases are redirected there and then into one Heat exchange space between the wall of the tubular insert and the water-bearing housing wall are removed. The problem of corrosion prevention will not, however addressed.
  • the invention aims to provide a firing system as well a method of operating the same ask for a large burner output range without Risk of corrosion formation is designed.
  • the combustion gases that are produced during combustion of the fuel in the boiler arise, at least in part between a hot heat radiating surface, i.e. one hot radiant area, which is essentially the thermal energy transferred to the combustion gases by heat radiation, and a convective cooled by the heat transfer medium Heat exchanger surface to which the combustion gases give off their enthalpy by convection from the boiler dissipated.
  • a hot heat radiating surface i.e. one hot radiant area
  • Heat exchanger surface to which the combustion gases give off their enthalpy by convection from the boiler dissipated.
  • the combustion gases flow through an intermediate space - furthermore as a heat exchange space designated - between the convective heat exchanger surface an infinitely large heat exchanger or heat bath and the hot radiation surface.
  • the combustion gases flowing through the heat exchange chamber on the one hand Thermal energy to the convective heat exchanger surface and at the same time take heat from the Radiation area.
  • those diverted in the firebox are deflected Combustion gases through a heat exchange space between a burner flame tube protruding into the combustion chamber and an inner heat transfer jacket surrounding the flame tube dissipated.
  • the flame burns in one its downstream end closed firebox, and the combustion gases are shaped accordingly of the firebox floor in the firebox redirected and about the above Heat exchange space between flame tube and internal heat transfer jacket dissipated.
  • the combustion gases are in a heat exchange space between the uncooled heat radiating wall of the combustion chamber and an outer one surrounding the combustion chamber wall Heat transfer jacket, in particular water jacket performed (claims 2 and 10). Extend the radiant heat Areas of the glowing combustion chamber wall during operation and the convective heat exchanger surfaces of the outer heat transfer jacket over the entire circumference and the axial height of the Combustion chamber, this is a particularly effective heat transfer from the combustion chamber wall to the combustion gases and further guaranteed to the heat transfer medium.
  • the combustion gases are preferably also conducted in a region between the outer and the inner heat transfer jacket, in particular water jacket (claims 3 and 11). If both heat transfer jackets extend over the entire axial length of the combustion chamber, this achieves effective cooling of the combustion gases, which release a large part of their thermal energy by convection to the heat transfer medium. If the inner heat transfer jacket on the inside of the combustion chamber wall extends around the flame as a flame cooling cylinder, part of the thermal energy of the combustion gases is also transferred directly from the hot flame zone to the heat transfer medium and, at the same time, a reduction of the NO x by cooling the combustion chamber Education reached.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention is that the combustion gases redirected in the combustion chamber first through the heat exchange space between the flame tube and flow inside the heat transfer jacket, then again deflected and through the purely convective heat exchanger room performed between the outer and inner heat transfer jacket and finally the heat exchange space between the combustion chamber wall and flow through the outer heat transfer jacket (Claims 4 and 12).
  • Such exhaust gas routing works both on the stabilization of the lower exhaust gas limit temperature at low burner output, as well the most effective possible heat transfer to the heat transfer medium at high burner outputs.
  • the redirected combustion gases first flow through radiation and Convection determined heat exchange space, then a pure one convective heat exchange room and finally another Radiation and convection heat exchange room.
  • part of the deflected combustion gases is returned to the flame root area via cutouts in the flame tube of the burner, in particular after the combustion gases have passed through the heat exchange space between the flame tube and the inner heat transfer jacket (claims 5 and 16).
  • the internal exhaust gas recirculation - especially when the combustion gases cool down beforehand - enables an effective reduction in flame temperatures, which further leads to a reduction in NO x formation.
  • the invention has proven to be particularly advantageous Furnace and the method for operating the furnace in connection with a modulating or controllable burner (claims 7, 17).
  • a modulating or controllable burner (claims 7, 17).
  • Such a burner contains a continuously controllable control valve and a appropriately controllable blower for regulating the supplied Amount of combustion air. This can reduce the burner output continuously changed over a larger control range become.
  • Flue gas routing in the boiler is both at high burner output guaranteed at all times, even with low burner output, that the exhaust gas temperature is the critical dew point not less.
  • the boiler construction according to the invention is therefore controllable for all performance areas Suitable burner.
  • the burner output is preferably automatically dependent the reduced heat output of the heat transfer medium changed so that between the individual load points - So minimum and maximum combustion heat output - the Burner can adjust automatically at every load point, so that the fuel and combustion air supply of the removed Thermal output of the heat transfer medium corresponds.
  • the burner output regulated such that the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the boiler, especially the boiler water in the boiler wall constant regardless of the load on the combustion system remains (claim 8).
  • the boiler according to the invention is particularly cost-effective made of simple steel and / or cast iron (claim 18). Due to the guidance of the combustion gases according to the invention can be beneficial on expensive corrosion resistant Boiler materials are dispensed with.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a boiler 1, that of a burner 2, preferably a modulating one Burner being fired.
  • the burner 2 opens with his Flame tube 3 in a combustion chamber 5 of the boiler 1. Die Combustion air is sent to burner 2 in the direction of the arrow I fed.
  • the boiler 1 contains an outer one of a boiler circuit fed water jacket 6, which is essentially extends over the entire axial boiler length and the Fully surrounds combustion chamber wall 8 at a distance.
  • a boiler circuit fed water jacket 6 fulfills the function of a heat exchanger or warm bath and is on the inside with Fitted heat exchanger fins 10, the radially inward directed almost over the entire axial length of the water jacket 6 run.
  • the inner water jacket 12 is with convective heat exchanger fins facing the boiler axis 14 equipped.
  • the firebox 5 is closed at its rear end, so that the combustion gases are deflected in the combustion chamber 5 and in Direction upstream.
  • Another deflection area forms the inner wall of the boiler at the front end of the boiler 1, so that the inflowing from the combustion chamber 5 Combustion gases redirected again and in the downstream direction between the outer water jacket 6 and the inner one
  • the water jacket 12 and the combustion chamber wall 8 flow up to they finally the boiler 1 through the combustion gas outlet 13 leave.
  • the result is a combustion gas flow realized, the combustion gases in succession three Flow through annular heat exchange rooms: a first one Heat exchange space 15 between the flame tube 3 and the inner Water jacket 12 in which the combustion gases heat energy pick up from the "glowing" flame tube and at the same time Heat by convection via the heat exchanger fins 14 deliver the inner water jacket 12; a second one convective heat exchange space 16 between the inner 12 and the outer water jacket 6; and finally a third Heat exchange space 17 between the outer water jacket 6 and the uncooled heat radiating combustion chamber wall 8, in which also heat exchange through radiation and convection with the combustion gases.
  • Combustion system is preferably used, depending on the burner's load, the combustion gases cooled in heat exchange rooms 15 and 17 or - ideally - with a low burner output at a constant Value held.
  • the modulating firing saves depending the burner system load, frequent burner starts, which causes high starting emissions and the formation of corrosion when Start of the burner can be avoided.
  • FIG. 2 The sectional view in Fig. 2 along the line A-A 'of Boiler construction in Fig. 1 illustrates that the outer 6 and the inner water jacket 12 conducting each other in Connected and jointly supplied by the boiler circuit become. 2 shows the radially inward directed heat exchanger fins 10 or 14 of the water jackets 6 or 12.
  • FIG. 3 shows a furnace according to the invention with a boiler 1, in the combustion chamber a modulating Burner 2 protrudes.
  • the boiler 1 is via a storage circuit 18 connected to a hot water tank 20, which is fed by boiler 1 with hot water.
  • Parallel to Storage circuit 18, a boiler circuit 22 is arranged, which in turn is connected to a consumer circuit via a heat exchanger 24 26 is coupled.
  • T K 60 ° C

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé d'opération de la combustion dans des installations de chauffage comprenant une chaudière (1) recevant la flamme d'un brûleur (2),
    Figure 00210001
    les gaz de combustion étant évacués de la chaudière (1) entre une surface chaude, irradiant la chaleur, et une surface d'échange de chaleur (12) qui est refroidie, en particulier refroidie à l'eau,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les gaz de combustion déviés dans le foyer (5) sont guidés au travers d'une chambre d'échange de chaleur (15) entre un tube (3) de projection de la flamme qui pénètre dans le foyer (5) et une surface intérieure caloporteur (12).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les gaz de combustion sont guidés dans une chambre d'échange de chaleur (17) située entre une surface extérieure caloporteur (6), en particulier une surface d'eau, et une paroi (8) d'un foyer (5) de la chaudière (1).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les gaz de combustion sont guidés dans une chambre d'échange de chaleur (16) située entre la surface extérieure (6) et la surface intérieure caloporteur (12).
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1, 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que les gaz de combustion déviés dans le foyer (5) circulent tout d'abord vers l'amont dans la chambre d'échange de chaleur (15), puis ils sont déviés et guidés vers l'aval successivement dans les chambres (12) et (17) d'échange de chaleur.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie des gaz de combustion est recyclée par des trous (4) du tube (3) de projection de la flamme dans la base de la flamme du brûleur.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les gaz de combustion sont guidés dans la chambre (15) d'échange de chaleur avant le recyclage dans la zone de la base de la flamme.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par l'utilisation d'un brûleur (2) réglable ou à modulation.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la température du caloporteur est maintenue constante dans le circuit de la chaudière (22).
  9. Installation de chauffage, en particulier pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant :
    une surface (1) qui reçoit la flamme d'un brûleur (2) dont le tube (3) de projection de la flamme débouche dans un foyer (5) de la surface (1);
    une surface intérieure caloporteur (12), en particulier une surface d'eau, qui entoure à distance le tube chaud de projection de la flamme qui irradie la chaleur à l'intérieur de la chaudière (1) ;
    une clôture située à la sortie du foyer (5) pour dévier les gaz de combustion ;
    la surface intérieure caloporteur (12) entourant à distance le tube (3) de projection de la flamme de manière que les gaz de combustion déviés puissent être évacués entre la surface intérieure caloporteur (12) et le tube (3) de projection de la flamme [chambre d'échange de chaleur (15)].
  10. Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'une autre surface extérieure caloporteur (6) entoure la paroi (8) du foyer (5) à distance (chambre d'échange de chaleur (17)).
  11. Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce que la surface extérieure caloporteur (6) entoure à distance la surface intérieure caloporteur (12) (chambre d'échange de chaleur 16).
  12. Installation de chauffage selon la revendication 9, 10 et 11, caractérisée en ce qu'une zone de déviation est prévue sur la paroi interne de la chaudière de manière que les gaz de combustion soient déviés sur la paroi interne de la chaudière après passage par la zone d'échange de chaleur (15) et circulent successivement dans les chambres d'échange de chaleur (16) et (17).
  13. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisée en ce que la surface caloporteur intérieure (6) et/ou extérieure (12) est ou sont équipée(s) d'ailettes d'échange de chaleur (10; 14).
  14. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisée en ce que des ailettes d'échange de chaleur sont prévues sur le côté extérieur de la paroi (8) du foyer.
  15. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 14, caractérisée en ce que des dispositifs d'accroissement de la turbulence, en particulier des moulures, des anneaux, des disques et des rubans torsadés de tôle sont disposés dans la chambre d'échange de chaleur (15 ; 16 ; 17).
  16. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisée par un ou plusieurs trous (4)réalisés dans le tube de projection de flamme (3) pour le recyclage interne des gaz d'échappement dans la zone de la base de la flamme, en particulier après le passage des gaz de combustion dans la chambre d'échange de chaleur (15).
  17. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 16, caractérisée par un brûleur (2) à modulation ou qui est réglable.
  18. Installation de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 17, caractérisée en ce que la chaudière (1) est réalisée en acier et/ou en fonte grise.
EP94119330A 1994-01-12 1994-12-07 Méthode pour combustion dans des appareils de combustion et un appareil de combustion Expired - Lifetime EP0663563B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4400686 1994-01-12
DE4400686A DE4400686C1 (de) 1994-01-12 1994-01-12 Verbrennungsgasführung

Publications (2)

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EP0663563A1 EP0663563A1 (fr) 1995-07-19
EP0663563B1 true EP0663563B1 (fr) 1999-03-10

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AT (1) ATE177524T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4400686C1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104697173A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-10 上海欧特电器有限公司 用于容积式燃气热水器的单烟管内胆结构

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX9602124A (es) * 1996-06-03 1997-04-30 Francisco Alvarado Barrientos Mejoras en sistema de recuperacion de calor aplicadas a un calentador de agua.
DE19854910B4 (de) * 1998-11-27 2004-09-02 Max Weishaupt Gmbh Heizkessel
NL1014789C2 (nl) * 2000-03-30 2001-03-16 Vito Technieken B V Thermix -Low-NOx, thermisch NOx reducerend toestel met sterk energiebesparende werking bij vuurgangvlampijp ketels en vuurhaarden.
DE102005039426B4 (de) * 2005-08-18 2018-06-14 Udo Hellwig Hochleistungsenergiewandler
SE532301C2 (sv) * 2008-04-23 2009-12-08 Metso Power Ab En ångpanna försedd med kyld anordning
CN112283936B (zh) * 2020-09-16 2022-07-29 北京北机机电工业有限责任公司 一种高效换热装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH577665A5 (fr) * 1973-07-11 1976-07-15 Fascione Pietro
FR2585111B1 (fr) * 1985-07-18 1987-10-30 Bonnaud Marcel Foyer primaire additionnel rayonnant, introduit dans le foyer d'origine des chaudieres, pour ameliorer la combustion et diminuer, dans les rejets atmospheriques, la proportion d'elements polluants
DE3612910A1 (de) * 1986-04-17 1987-10-29 Viessmann Hans Heizkessel
DE3820671A1 (de) * 1988-06-18 1989-12-21 Viessmann Werke Kg Heizungskessel fuer die verbrennung fluessiger oder gasfoermiger brennstoffe
CH677965A5 (fr) * 1988-09-02 1991-07-15 Strebelwerk Ag

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104697173A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-10 上海欧特电器有限公司 用于容积式燃气热水器的单烟管内胆结构

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DE59407921D1 (de) 1999-04-15
ATE177524T1 (de) 1999-03-15
DE4400686C1 (de) 1995-06-22
EP0663563A1 (fr) 1995-07-19

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