EP0659108B1 - Roller presses, in particular for crushing strongly abrasive substances - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a roller press, in particular for crushing strongly abrasive substances, with at least two press rolls, each arranged on a base body Have wear layer, the wear layer essentially flat zones from a highly wear-resistant Has material and the spaces between the highly wear-resistant zones with a material of different wear resistance are filled out.

Roller presses are widely used in technology found, their uses are essentially in divide three groups of briquetting, compacting and shredding to let. In all three applications, the press rollers practice a more or less strong one on the materials to be processed Pressure load. Depending on the profile of the press rolls in addition to this compressive stress, there is also a sliding stress on the roller surface. The intensity depends the sliding load essentially depends on the amount of pressure applied on the rollers, the profiling of the roller surface and the properties of the substances to be processed. This stress can be on the rollers, especially at high Pressing forces, cause heavy wear.

The prior art has been used in particular to reduce wear high-alloy steels for briquetting and compacting, Cladding during compacting and briquetting and shredding applied. However, this was wear protection training to observe a noticeable decrease in the service life, if particularly strongly abrasive substances, e.g. Glass flour, Metallurgical slag or ferrous and non-ferrous metals, processed Need to become. When shredding is oxy-fuel wear protection known, in which the roller surface through itself in the spaces of knobs arranged on the roller surface Particles of the substance to be processed covered becomes. This oxy-fuel wear protection is not for briquetting suitable and does not offer any security against the blowout embedded, fine-grained particles of the to be processed Fabric. There are procedural restrictions in cladding regarding the alloy composition of the Given weld metal.

A generic roller press, in particular a grinding roller, is known from EP-A-0516952. There is a roller press described in the numerous blind holes in the peripheral area are arranged in the pin-shaped material pieces are plugged in. The main part of each pen-shaped The piece of material is in the roller body while the rest of it sticks out. The spaces between the hedgehog-shaped pin-shaped material pieces protruding from the roller base body can be made with a ceramic plastic Material. Because the wear-resistant pieces of material usually wear more slowly than the material in the gaps, a profiled is formed during operation Roller surface. The advantage is better pull-in capacity and thus achieving a higher throughput. The Manufacture of such known roller presses is however through the introduction of the numerous anchoring blind holes in the Roller body very time-consuming and therefore with associated with high costs. Furthermore, this solution is There is a very high risk of pins breaking out.

From EP-A-0271336 a roller is known in which in the Longitudinal grooves between, preferably consisting of the roll base material Webs introduced a wear-resistant material is so that it becomes a wear profiling in later operation the surface is coming.

Furthermore, from DE-A-2133300 is a hot isostatic Press-produced wear layer for a press roll known as a closed outer layer on a carrier material is applied.

It is the object of the present invention, a roller press of the type mentioned that provide a high Has a service life and for all applications (briquetting, Compacting and shredding) usable and easy to manufacture is.

The object of the present invention is achieved in that the intermediate material is a sinterable composite material is and the highly wear-resistant zones from hot isostatic Pressed hard body are formed, the Intermediate material and the material of the wear-resistant Zones through a hot isostatic pressing process on the base body are attached and the wear resistance of the intermediate material according to a desired, due to wear adjusting profiling essentially slightly is higher or lower than the wear resistance of the hard body.

Accordingly, it is the wear layer according to the invention a powder metallurgical hard layer, the flat one Zones and filled spaces with different ones Has wear properties. This turns into one profiling on the roller surface after a certain period of use a, which the desired better indentation of the to be processed Material. Since it is the zone material and the composite material in each case by powder metallurgy materials to be produced are hot isostatic Presses attachable to the roller body. Of the hot isostatic pressing process ensures that the entire wear layer has a connection to the roller body, which is so firm that not individual components the wear layer can be removed from this can. Although powder metallurgical hard layers that are caused by hot isostatic pressing are manufactured in the state of the Technology known. However, they are never in the invention Were used as a wear layer in roller presses. The reason for this is obviously the relatively harsh working conditions for roller presses, since powder metallurgical Hard materials are relatively sensitive to impact and shock. Through the arrangement of zones and spaces according to the invention with different Wear properties on a relatively tough However, basic bodies can easily absorb such stresses will. Impact resistance can be improved in particular also in that either the hard body material or the intermediate material from a relatively ductile material is surrounded. Anchoring is also more specific Components of the wear layer in the roller body, like it is provided in the prior art, with hot isostatic attachment no longer necessary. By achieving a longer service life when using a powder metallurgical wear layer with zones of different wear resistance the range of applications of roller presses can be expanded considerably. The solution according to the invention is as it were for briquetting, Compacting and crushing highly abrasive Suitable materials, whereby the service life is significantly increased. By creating the hard layer through hot isostatic The wear layer can easily press any desired Be given shape. Furthermore, such Wear layer can be produced in one operation, which is why yourself the time and cost of making one Have the roller press reduced.

To develop a corresponding profile in the company, the is adapted to a specific substance to be processed, can the ratio of the wear resistance of the composite and the wear resistance of the hard body to each processing, abrasive material. That poses especially in the production of such a wear layer not a noteworthy problem because the powder metallurgical Materials in terms of their composition coordinated according to the application can be. Here, the overall level of Wear resistance of the two materials raised or be lowered.

The hard bodies are preferred on their composite material embedded scope at least in some areas with the Composite material bonded. Such Connection can by the hot isostatic pressing process can inevitably be achieved and is therefore very simple executable. The hard body and the space material have one at their contact points Diffusion area leading to very strong adherence leads the two materials together.

Optimal profiling can be achieved in the operation of the roller press achieved in that the area of the hard body is about 60% to 90% of the total area of the active wear layer. The area of the Understand the wear layer on the Processing process of the abrasive substances takes part.

The highly wear-resistant zones are especially then easy to manufacture if the hard body is platelet-shaped are trained. Such platelet-shaped hard bodies can e.g. applied in advance on the roller body and then the spaces are filled with composite material. The The shape of the platelet-shaped hard body can be arbitrary fail.

In particular, then there are favorable wear properties the wear layer is reached when the hard body material and the space material has a carbide content of up to Have 65%.

The profiling is further improved if the size of the area of a wear-resistant zone is approximately 1 to 20 cm ² .

The service life can continue to be considerable be increased if the wear layer is ceramic Has components.

The wear layer preferably has a very fine-grained one Structure, which gives greater strength, hardness, Toughness and impact energy is achieved.

In a preferred embodiment, the Wear layer on the entire surface of the Working area of the press roll applied flat. Prefers will also be a version in which the wear layer between the work area, circumferential webs is arranged, which is radial to Extend the roller base outwards. This is the Hard layer on its edge by means of the webs surround formed, which prevents the lateral edges of the hard layer by impact and Break out edge load.

A further embodiment suggests that in the Outer jacket of the roller body in the work area of Press roll several substantially evenly around the circumference distributed, pocket-shaped depressions are introduced, in which each have the wear layer recorded. At Such an embodiment can, depending on the application corresponding size and area distribution of the Wear layer on the roller circumference can be reached.

In particular, the press roll can have a profiled surface, preferably have a briquette profile. The Wear layer especially stops the sliding movements the surface of the individual briquette profiles in the press roll stood, whereby a during a significant service life desired shape tolerance can be provided.

A further embodiment can be used in a favorable manner the roller base body is essentially cylindrical Have recording area on the circumference of several powder metallurgical wear layer on the outside load-bearing basic body segments are arranged detachably. This makes the wear layer particularly easy produce even with relatively large press roll diameters. In addition, it is ensured for each segment that the Wear layer an even distribution of has highly wear-resistant zones and spaces, because their dimensions according to the cheapest Manufacturing conditions for hot isostatic pressing can be chosen. This can vary depending on the Number of segments used happen. Form preferred here the basic body segments around the recording area a closed ring.

In a further embodiment, the wear layer applied on a closed bandage, the form or is frictionally arranged on the roller body. With such a configuration, the hard layer can also relatively little effort on the roller base to be ordered. Especially with a shrunk on Bandage can be adjusted accordingly Material, especially a ductile material, the webs the formation of cracks due to shrinkage stresses be avoided.

a) Aufbringen eines hochverschleißfesten Werkstoff auf ein Basisteil, z.B. ein Walzengrundkörper, so daß im wesentlichen flächige, gleichmäßig verteilte Zonen gebildet werden;

b) Füllen der Zwischenräume der flächigen Zonen mit einem verschleißfesten Verbundwerkstoff;

c) Anbringen des Zonenwerkstoffs und des Zwischenraumwerkstoffs auf dem Basisteil durch einen heißisostatischen Preßvorgang.

Furthermore, protection will be sought for a method for producing a wear layer, in particular for a press roll for processing highly abrasive substances. The process includes the following steps:

a) applying a highly wear-resistant material to a base part, for example a roller base body, so that essentially flat, evenly distributed zones are formed;

b) filling the spaces between the flat zones with a wear-resistant composite material;

c) attaching the zone material and the space material to the base part by a hot isostatic pressing process.

The method offers the advantage of only changing some process or material parameters Manufacture wear layer that is very different Has wear properties. Because of this, can e.g. the wear layer of a press roll in your Wear behavior of the abrasive material to be processed be adjusted.

In a further process variant, the highly wear-resistant material before application to the Base part through a hot isostatic pressing process Hard bodies are made. The hard body can thus get any shape and according to the later desired profile applied to the base part will.

However, it is also possible to use the highly wear-resistant Material through the hot isostatic pressing process to Attach the zone material to the base part hard body to manufacture. That means that only one hot isostatic pressing must be carried out in order at the same time to produce hard bodies and these together with attach the composite to the base.

Conveniently, the hot isostatic pressing process can be controlled that the wear resistance of the Hard body and the wear resistance of the gaps filling composites only slightly apart deviate, the wear resistance of the hard body depending according to the desired, resulting from wear Profiling is higher or lower than that Wear resistance of the space material. Since the Wear resistance only slightly apart deviate, it is ensured that the entire Wear resistance of the wear layer is relatively high, there is still a profiling to improve the feeder of the abrasive material to be processed.

Furthermore, the wear resistance can be affected by the respective supplied hard phase content in the hard body material or adjusted accordingly in the composite material will. Through simple different mixing ratios the selected powder metallurgical materials can the wear behavior of the zones and the filled Spaces are set, which also changes overall wear behavior of the wear layer changes.

Fig. 1

eine Preßwalze für eine Walzenpresse gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung,

Fig. 2

eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Preßwalze mit Bandage,

Fig. 3

einen Teil der Bandage aus Fig. 2 in einer vergrößerten Darstellung,

Fig. 4

eine zweite Variante einer Bandage,

Fig. 5

eine dritte Ausführungsform einer Preßwalze mit Grundkörpersegmenten und

Fig. 6

ein Grundkörpersegment aus Fig. 5 in vergrößerter Darstellung.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a press roll for a roll press according to the present invention,

Fig. 2

a second embodiment of a press roll with a bandage,

Fig. 3

2 shows an enlarged view of part of the bandage from FIG. 2,

Fig. 4

a second variant of a bandage,

Fig. 5

a third embodiment of a press roll with base body segments and

Fig. 6

a basic body segment of FIG. 5 in an enlarged view.

Fig. 1 shows a press roll 1, the same with one constructed press roll for use in a roll press for Press compacting or for crushing highly abrasive Fabrics is provided. The press roll 1 consists in essentially from a cylindrical roller body 2 the bearing pin 3 arranged coaxially on both sides are provided. The press roll 1 has wear protection a arranged on the base body 2, powder metallurgical Wear layer 4 on by hot isostatic pressing is made. The wear layer consists of zones 5, made of a highly wear-resistant material and a die Gaps 6 of the zones 5 filling wear-resistant Composite. The wear behavior of zones 5 and the gaps 6 is due to the property of processing, abrasive material. Zones 5 and the gaps 6 have different features Wear behavior on, which affects the operation of the Roll press a surface profiling of the press rolls 1 sets. The zones 5 are by hard body 7 (see Fig. 3) formed by hot isostatic pressing are. The wear resistance of such hard body 7 is through the process of hot isostatic pressing and Material composition of the powder metallurgical substance certainly. The hard body 7 extend to the Circumference of the roller body 2. The spaces 6 are thereby, as already mentioned, by a composite material filled out, its wear properties also by a hot isostatic pressing process and through the powder metallurgical material composition of the Composite is determined. The composite and the hard body 7 are together on the base body 2 attached a hot isostatic pressing process. Hereby form at the points of contact of the hard body 7 and of the composite material, as well as at the points of contact of the Hard body 7 and the composite material with the Roll body 2 diffusion zones, which lead to a fixed Connect the individual materials. The Powder metallurgical wear layer 4 accordingly has one Wear behavior based on the properties of the processing substance is adapted. This is preferred as a starting product for the production of the wear layer 4, highly wear-resistant powder metallurgical materials used, e.g. also contain ceramic components can. Furthermore, the carbide content of the Hard body material and the gap material up to Amount to 65%. The combination of relatively tough roller bodies 2 with a very wear-resistant powder metallurgical wear layer 4, which consists of zones 5 and spaces 6 with different Wear properties exist, results in a relatively high Wear resistance in the case of a roller press prevailing operating conditions during, e.g. of Briquetting, compacting and crushing. Such Press roll 1 for use in an inventive Roller press withstands even large pressure loads that act on the powder metallurgical wear layer 4, at simultaneous sliding stress along the Roller surface. For this reason, the press rolls are 1st particularly good for compression or crushing highly abrasive substances, e.g. Glass flour, slag or iron and nonferrous metal ores.

The area of the highly wear-resistant zones 5 usually takes up approximately 60 to 90% of the total area of the active wear layer 4. The size of the area of a wear-resistant zone 5 is usually 1 to 20 cm ² .

This creates a correspondingly desired one Profiling in later operation.

In Fig. 2, a press roll 1 is shown on the Outer circumference of the roller base body 2 all around closed bandage 8 is arranged, the form or is frictionally attached to the roller body 2. On the wear layer 4 is the outer surface of the bandage 8 upset. The fact that the bandage 8 as a carrier medium for the wear layer 4 is used, the Wear layer easier on the roller body 2 apply.

A section of the bandage 8 is shown in FIG whose outside the wear layer 4 over the entire working area A of the wear roller 1 extends. In this figure, the plate-like ones are formed Hard body 7, which in this embodiment Show hexagon shape, very easy to recognize. The shape of the Hard body 7 can, however, turn out arbitrarily and accordingly the conditions of use.

A second variant of a bandage 8 is shown in FIG. 4, where the wear layer between the work area A laterally bounding, circumferential webs 9 is arranged. The webs 9 extend radially to the roller base body 2 outwards and have a height that is approximately the thickness of the Wear layer 4 corresponds. Through the webs 9 is the Wear layer 4 completely bordered on the side, creating a Breaking out of the pages due to excessive pressure in the Edge area can occur.

At this point it should be mentioned that all Arrangement forms of the wear layer 4, as shown in the 3 and 4 are shown, without further ado on the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment of a press roll 1 transferred can be. Here, e.g. the bridges directly from the Rolled body 2 worked out without a bandage 8 is interposed.

Fig. 5 shows a third variant of a press roll for Use in a roller press of the present invention whose roller base body 2 is a substantially cylindrical Receiving area 10, on the circumference of several Wear layer 4 on the outside supporting body segments 11 are arranged releasably. The basic body segments 11 are form-fitting on the receiving area 10 of the Roller base body 2 placed. The shape Base body segments 11 around the receiving area 10 closed ring. The segments 11 are by means of Fasteners and the type of tongue and groove connections (see Fig. 6) connected together so that a closed roller surface on the outside is formed. Then on the outside of the segments 11 the wear layer 4 according to one of the variants of FIG. 3 and 4 can be arranged.

In the following the manufacturing process of Wear layer for the roller press according to the invention short explained.

The method for producing the wear layer 4 is characterized in that first highly wear-resistant material on the roller base 2 is applied so that essentially flat, evenly distributed zones 5 are formed. Next the spaces 6 of the flat zones 5 are filled with a wear-resistant composite material. Of the Zone material and the space material are subsequently on the roller body 2 by a hot isostatic pressing process attached. There are now two Process variants, such as hard body 7 forming zones 5 be produced by a hot isostatic pressing process can.

In the first variant, the highly wear-resistant becomes Material before application to the roller base 2 Hard body 7 by a hot isostatic pressing process produced. Accordingly, the so generated platelet-shaped hard body 7 on the roller base body 2 in any arrangement and in any own form are applied and the spaces 6 subsequently be filled with a wear-resistant composite. In the subsequent hot isostatic pressing process the composite material in the spaces 6 compressed accordingly and the entire wear layer 4 attached to the roller base body 2.

In the second method variant, the hard bodies 7 from the highly wear-resistant material through the hot isostatic pressing process for attaching the Zone material are manufactured. In this variant, the in particular to produce a wear layer 4 suitable on a base body segment 11, a shape be provided in accordance with the desired Composition of selected powder metallurgical materials be filled in. The shape then positions the corresponding zone material and interspace material the base part. In the subsequent hot isostatic The hard body 7 is pressed at the same time manufactured, the composite material in the spaces 6 compacted and the entire wear layer 4 on the base part attached.

In particular, the hot isostatic pressing process can be controlled that the wear resistance of the Hard body 7 and the wear resistance of the Interstices 6 filling composite material only slightly differ from each other. Something each low-wear material range offers through the only slight difference in wear resistance the other material area enough hold on the Roller body 2. The wear resistance of the hard body 7 can depending on the desired wear setting profiling be higher or lower than the wear resistance of the space material. For which variant you choose depends on the desired profiling in later operation.

Furthermore, the wear resistance can be very simple can be adjusted by the respective hard phase content in the hard body material and in the composite material is set accordingly. By an appropriate Selection of the individual material components of these Powder metallurgical composites can in particular in the second process variant to the fastest possible Wisely and without costly machine retrofitting different wear layers 4, which accordingly the materials to be processed are adapted on the Base part are applied. By attaching one such wear layer 4 on a tough base part achieved a combination that is particularly shock and is insensitive to pressure, especially during processing of strongly abrasive substances, e.g. Glass flour, Metallurgical slag or iron and non-ferrous metal ores. Especially at profiled press rolls 1 has a powder metallurgical Wear layer 4 with different wear zones long service life, although in addition to the large one Compressive stress also a sliding stress of the Surface takes place. This supports in a positive way the dimensional stability of the introduced on the roller surface To form. Furthermore, the present invention provides the Advantage that the "wear layer system" in all Applications such as briquetting, compacting and Shredding is applicable. This will make the Application range of the roller press according to the invention simultaneous increase in tool life significantly expanded.

Claims (21)

1. A roll press, in particular for processing very abrasive materials, comprising at least two press rolls (1) of which each includes a wear layer (4) arranged on a basic body (2), said wear layer (4) comprising substantially plane zones (5) of a highly wear-resistant material, and spaces (6) between said highly wear-resistant zones (5) being filled with a material of different wear resistance, characterized in that the material for said spaces is a composite material which is adapted to be sintered, and said highly wear-resistant zones (5) are made from hard bodies (7) produced by hot-isostatic pressing, the material for said spaces and the material for said wear-resistant zones (5) being bonded to said basic body (2) in a hot-isostatic pressing operation, and the wear resistance of the material for said spaces being substantially slightly greater or smaller than the wear resistance of said hard bodies (7) in accordance with a desired profile which will be obtained through wear.
2. The roll press according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the wear resistance of said composite material to the wear resistance of said hard bodies (7) is respectively adapted to the abrasive material to be processed.
3. The roll press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said hard bodies (7) establish an integral connection, at least in regions, with said composite material on their circumference embedded in said composite material.
4. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the area of said highly wear-resistant zones (5) occupies about 60 to 90% of the total surface of said active wear layer (4).
5. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said hard bodies (7) are in the form of small plates.
6. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the material for said hard bodies and the material for said spaces have a carbide content of up to 65%.
7. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the size of the area of a wear-resistant zone (5) is about 1 to 100 cm², preferably 10 to 20 cm².
8. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said wear layer (4) comprises ceramic components.
9. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said wear layer (4) has a very fine-grained structure.
10. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said wear layer (4) is applied in planar fashion to the whole surface of a working area (A) of said press roll (1).
11. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said wear layer (4) is arranged between surrounding webs (9) which laterally define said working area (A) and extend radially to the outside relative to said basic roll body (2).
12. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a plurality of pocket-like recesses which are substantially distributed in a uniform manner on the circumference and in which said wear layer (4) is respectively received are formed in the outer casing of said basic roll body (2) in said working area (A) of said press roll (1).
13. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said press roll (1) has a profiled surface, preferably a briquette profile.
14. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said basic roll body (2) has a substantially cylindrical reception area (10) the circumference of which has detachably arranged thereon a plurality of basic body segments (11) carrying said wear layer (4) on their outside.
15. The roll press according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that said basic body segments (11) form a closed ring around said reception area (10).
16. The roll press according to any one of claim 1 to 15, characterized in that said wear layer (4) is applied to a continuous lining (9) which is arranged on said basic roll body (2) in a positive and frictionally engaged manner and assigned thereto.
17. A method of producing a wear layer, in particular for a press roll for processing very abrasive materials, comprising the following steps:

    a) applying a highly wear-resistant material to a base member, such as a basic roll body, whereby substantially plane and uniformly distributed zones are formed;

    b) filling the spaces between said plane zones with a wear-resistant composite material;
    characterized by the further step:

    c) applying the material for said zones and the material for said spaces to said base member in a hot-isostatic pressing process.
18. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that hard bodies (7) are made from said highly wear-resistant material in a hot-isostatic pressing process prior to the application to said member base.
19. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that hard bodies (7) are made from said highly wear-ressistant material in said hot-isostatic pressing process for application of the material for said zones to said base member.
20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that said hot-isostatic pressing process is controlled such that the wear resistance of said hard bodies (7) and the wear resistance of the composite material filling said spaces (6) only differ from each other slightly, the wear resistance of said hard bodies (7) being greater or smaller than the wear resistance of the material for said spaces in response to the desired profile which will be obtained through wear.
21. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the wear resistance is correspondingly set by the respectively supplied content of hard phases in said hard body material and said composite material.

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