EP0655542B1 - Roof as wall construction - Google Patents

Abstract

Building structure as facade or roof, with at least one panel, e.g. a glass pane, which is fastened on a load-bearing structure by means of at least three retaining devices. All the retaining devices are provided with a universal joint on the part which is connected to the panel. A first of the retaining devices is connected rigidly to the load-bearing structure, and all the others are connected via a further joint. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a building construction as Facade or roof, with at least one plate, especially glass, according to the preamble of Claim 1.

EP 0 201 212 B1 describes a holding device for the torsion-free suspension of plates, for example made of glass, known which is a spherical element and a Has sleeve element, which are connected to each other are that they have a spherical rotary motion relative allow each other. The sleeve element is in one Hole of the plate attached. The pivot lies in essentially in the median plane of the plate. The spherical element has a stem, which on a supporting structure is attached. With this holding device it should be possible to attach the plates without warping to attach a supporting structure.

DE 39 27 653 C2 is a holding device for Glass panels known from buildings, which have a spherical head has in a bearing sleeve on all sides is pivotable to a limited extent. The ball head and bearing sleeve existing ball joint is outside the glass plate arranged. The ball head is with a threaded stem provided, the end facing away from the ball head into one Sliding body is screwed into a supporting structure serving rail in the longitudinal direction of the rail is adjustable. By more or less deep screwing of the threaded stem into the sliding body can the holding device at different distances between the glass plate and the supporting structure can be set. With the holding device it should be possible to free the glass plate from bending moments to attach a supporting structure.

The plates, for example glass plates or glass panes, are usually with four holding devices known type attached to the support structure. The Panels are usually rectangular and in each of them a holding device is arranged at four corners. The Holding devices essentially consist of one plate holder attached to the plate and one on the Supporting structure fastened support bracket, which by the ball joint bounds to one another on all sides are connected. When the panels are exposed to wind, Snow or other forces will deflect the plate. The plate holder can be the inclined Follow plate areas. With such a deflection the distances of the plate points also change, to which the holding devices are attached. The distances between the breakpoints also change at Temperature changes and consequent material expansion or material contractions. The coefficient of expansion the plates are usually different from the coefficients of expansion of the supporting structures, what to Relative changes in position of the stops of the plates to the opposite stops of the Carrying structure leads. To compensate for such relative movements the beam holder must be relative to the plate holder be movable. That agility within the holding devices, however, complicates the fastening process for fastening the panels using the holding devices on the supporting structure. The plates, often very heavy large glass plates or glass panes as long as by fitters or by technical aids relative to the supporting structure in a certain position to be held until all holding devices are on the plate and attached to the supporting structure are. The orientation of the plates relative to that Supporting structure is difficult, time-consuming and therefore expensive.

The object of the invention is to be achieved Finding means through which plates, in particular Glass panes, easier, faster and therefore cheaper, at the same time, however, on a supporting structure can be attached to that at load-related Deflections or temperature-related changes in length no torsional forces or bending moments from the Holders are exerted on the plate. The The plate should be "constraint-free" stored on the supporting structure become.

This object is characterized by the invention Features of claim 1 solved.

The invention results in the following in particular Advantages: All holding devices can already be in the Workshop or on site regardless of the Support structure to be attached to the plate. For Positioning of the plate relative to the supporting structure the plate only needs one holding device to be attached to the supporting structure. For the attachment of a second holding device of the plate on the supporting structure, the plate only needs to the pivot point given by the first holding device to be rotated to the correct position relative to the Supporting structure to be brought. At this turn can already no displacement of the plate relative to Axis of rotation more take place. After attaching the second holder device on the supporting structure is the Position of the plate relative to the supporting structure in all Directions fixed and the plate is over the two Holding devices carried by the supporting structure, without the need for further aids. Likewise without further aids the third and the fourth holding device on the plate and / or on the Support structure to be attached. If the plate fastened to the supporting structure, which, for example due to exposure to wind or snow and in material expansion and Material contractions of the plate, which for example can be caused by temperature changes no torsional forces or bending moments in the plate occur between the holding devices and the plate.

At least three holding devices are provided, which in the three corner points of a theoretical triangle are spaced apart. The Corner points are preferably in the corners of the plate. The first holding device and the second holding device are when the plate is attached to the supporting structure , preferably on a substantially horizontal one Line spaced apart. If the plate is rotated 90 ° in the plate plane, so that the third holding device on a horizontal Line comes to lie next to the first holding device, then the third holding device counts as a second holding device, and the second holding device is considered third holding device. To facilitate understanding in the following description and in the claims assumed that the first holding device and the second Holding device on an approximately horizontal line lie next to each other at a distance.

Further features of the invention are in the subclaims contain.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Platte, beispielsweise einer Glasscheibe, mit vier Haltevorrichtungen in Richtung von einer Tragkonstruktion auf die Platte gesehen,

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht einer Haltevorrichtung, welches eine erste, zweite, dritte oder vierte Haltevorrichtung nach der Erfindung sein kann, mit einer abgebrochen im Querschnitt dargestellten Glasscheibe und einer abgebrochen im Querschnitt dargestellten Tragkonstruktion, an welcher die Glasscheibe mittels der Haltevorrichtungen befestigt ist,

Fig. 3

eine abgebrochene Seitenansicht einer ersten Haltevorrichtung nach der Erfindung, welche insbesondere ihren Träger-Halter zeigt,

Fig. 4

eine abgebrochene, teilweise im Axialschnitt dargestellte zweite Haltevorrichtung, welche auch als dritte Haltevorrichtung verwendet werden kann, wobei insbesondere ihr Träger-Halter gezeigt ist,

Fig. 5

eine abgebrochene, teilweise im Axialschnitt dargestellte vierte Haltevorrichtung, welche auch als dritte Haltevorrichtung verwendet werden kann, wobei insbesondere ihr Träger-Halter gezeigt ist,

Fig. 6

eine abgebrochene Seitenansicht, teilweise im Axialschnitt, einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer vierten Haltevorrichtung, welche auch als dritte Haltevorrichtung verwendet werden kann, wobei insbesondere ihr Träger-Halter gezeigt ist,

Fig. 7

eine abgebrochene Seitenansicht einer weiteren Variante einer vierten Haltevorrichtung, welche auch als dritte Haltevorrichtung verwendet werden kann, wobei insbesondere ihr Träger-Halter gezeigt ist,

Fig. 8

einen Axialschnitt eines Platten-Halters der vier Haltevorrichtungen,

Fig. 9

einen Axialschnitt einer anderen Ausführungsform eines Platten-Halters der vier Haltevorrichtungen.

The invention is described below with reference to the drawings using preferred embodiments as examples. Show in the drawings

Fig. 1

1 shows a perspective view of a plate, for example a glass pane, with four holding devices in the direction of a supporting structure on the plate,

Fig. 2

1 shows a side view of a holding device, which can be a first, second, third or fourth holding device according to the invention, with a glass pane shown broken away in cross section and a supporting structure shown broken away in cross section, to which the glass pane is fastened by means of the holding devices,

Fig. 3

3 shows a broken side view of a first holding device according to the invention, which shows in particular its carrier holder,

Fig. 4

a broken, partially shown in axial section second holding device, which can also be used as a third holding device, in particular its carrier holder is shown,

Fig. 5

4 shows a broken-off fourth holding device, partially shown in axial section, which can also be used as a third holding device, in particular its support holder being shown,

Fig. 6

3 shows a broken side view, partly in axial section, of a further embodiment of a fourth holding device, which can also be used as a third holding device, in particular its carrier holder being shown,

Fig. 7

3 shows a broken side view of a further variant of a fourth holding device, which can also be used as a third holding device, in particular its carrier holder being shown,

Fig. 8

an axial section of a plate holder of the four holding devices,

Fig. 9

an axial section of another embodiment of a plate holder of the four holding devices.

Fig. 1 shows in perspective a plate 12, which by means of at least three, preferably at least four Holding devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 on a schematic shown support structure 14 is attached and along with a variety of other such or similar panels 12 a facade or ceiling of a Building forms. The plate 12 is preferably one Glass plate or a glass pane, however, can also be made of Plastic, wood, metal or another material consist. The plate 12 can be transparent, opaque, translucent, opaque or just be partially translucent or transparent. The at least three holding devices 1, 2 and 3 are on the three key points 21, 22 and 23 of a theoretical Triangle divided and are each in a corner area the plate 12. The fourth holding device 4 lies in a fourth corner point 24, which is in a fourth Corner area of the plate 12 is located, and extends the theoretical triangle to a theoretical square. The Holding devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 each contain one the plate 12 attached plate holder 16, one on the Support structure 14 to be fastened support bracket 18 and a connecting element connecting these two holders to one another 19. The plate holder 16 of all holding devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 are in accordance with Figs. 8th and 9 provided with a universal joint 26, which has a pivot center 28 around which the plate holder 16 together with the area he holds Plate 12 swiveling movements on all sides relative to that Connection element 19 can make. The swivel movements are limited in size, for example by a bore wall 30 of the plate holder 16 through which the connecting element 19 extends. The universal joint 26 according to Figs. 9 and 8 preferably from a hollow ball bearing shell formed in the plate holder 16 32 and a joint ball 34 mounted therein. The joint ball 34 is on the, the plate holder 16th facing end of the connecting element 19 attached or with the connecting element 19 in one piece Part formed. The pivot center 28 can accordingly 8 within the plane or thickness of the plate 12 or according to FIG. 9 lie outside the plate 12.

In the first holding device 1 are the carrier holder 18 and the connecting element 19 formed so that they together transverse to the direction of connection of the connecting element 19 form a rigid unit. Figure 2 is a schematic representation of one of the four holding devices 1, 2, 3 and 4, whose plate holder 16 the plate 12 and its support holder 18 on the support structure 14 is attached. The one shown in Fig. 1 first holding device 1 are the carrier holder 18 and the connecting element 19 according to FIG. 3 either rigidly connected or they exist together from a single piece of material.

In the second holding device shown in FIG. 1 2 is the carrier holder 18 relative to its connecting element 19 in the direction of the distance of this second Holding device 2 from the first holding device 1, in called the following x-direction, designed to be flexible during operation, so that the two parts in material contractions, Material expansion and deformation for example in the event of temperature changes and plate deflections with wind pressure relative to each other can move. The carrier holder 18 of this second Holding device 2, however, forms together with the connecting element 19 in all transverse to the x direction Directions an immovably rigid unit. This allows the second holding device in this transverse to the x-direction the weight of the Wear plate 12 when using this second Holding device 2 attached to the support structure 14 is. The mentioned mobility of the carrier holder 18 of the second holding device 2 is preferably by a Given joint 40, which according to FIG. 4 a swivel axis perpendicular to the x-direction 42 and the carrier holder 18 with the connecting element 19 connects such that these two parts around Pivot axis 42 are pivotable relative to one another. Instead of a joint 40 or bearing with a fixed one Swing axis 42 could in a modified embodiment a linear or curved guide groove be formed in the carrier holder 18, in which a the upper end of the connecting element 19 in FIG. 4 fixed or formed sliding body in the longitudinal direction of the groove is freely slidable. The said rigid Unit of the carrier holder 18 together with its connecting element 19 transverse to the x direction is formed that the joint elements of the joint 40 only about the pivot axis 42 are movable relative to each other, but not in directions transverse to this pivot axis 42.

In the third holding device shown in FIG. 1 3 is the carrier holder 18 relative to the connector 19 in the direction of the distance of this third holding device 3 from the first holding device 1, in called following y-direction, freely movable during operation. The x-direction and y-direction are transverse to each other, preferably at an angle of 90 °. The mobility the carrier holder 18 of the third holding device 3 can in the same way as in the second holding device 2 according to FIG. 4 by a joint 40 with a Pivot axis 42 may be given, in which case the Pivot axis 42 perpendicular to the y direction and so that it is arranged parallel to the x direction. For this 4 is the reason in addition to the reference number 2 Reference number 3 indicated. Just like the second holding device 2 can also with the third holding device 3 in a modified embodiment instead of the joint or bearing 40 a straight or arcuate guide groove be provided in the carrier holder 18, in which a sliding body freely movable in the longitudinal direction of the groove is guided, which at the upper end in Fig. 4 of Connecting element 19 is formed or attached. This allows the carrier holder 18 of the third holding device 3 relative to the connecting element 19 move, thereby avoiding material expansion or material contractions due to temperature changes or Deformation of the plate 12 when sheared by wind between the carrier holder 18 and the plate 12 occur.

When mounting the plate 12, it is first with the first holding device 1 on the supporting structure 14 attached. So that it is in the corner point 21 on the supporting structure 14 fixed locally. As a second assembly step is the plate 12 by means of the second holding device 2nd attached to the support structure 14. So that's the situation the plate 12 relative to the support structure 14 in all Directions fixed. The plate 12 is also from the first two holding devices 1 and 2 worn so that no longer by assembly personnel or by other aids must be held or positioned. As a third assembly step, the plate 12 with the third holding device 3 on the supporting structure 14 attached.

As the plate 12 from the first two holding devices 1 and 2 is worn, it is possible to use the third holding device 3 so that their carrier holder 18th not only in the y direction, but also in the x direction or is movable on all sides during operation. "In operation" means here that the carrier holder 18 not only for assembly purposes should be mobile, but also when the Plate 12 on the support structure 14 is fully assembled. So that the carrier holder 18 of the third holding device 3 in the x direction and in the y direction as well as in any other Directions can be pivoted to a limited extent between this carrier holder 18 and its associated one Connecting element 19 arranged a universal joint be, which forms a pivot point around which the Carrier holder 18 relative to the connecting element 19 in is pivotable in any direction. Such a universal joint can corresponding to the joint 26 of Figs. 8th and 9 or according to the in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 shown joints are formed, which below still to be described.

This means that the carrier holder 18 of the third Holding device 3 can either be designed so that he relative to the connecting element 19 only in the y direction is movable, but in all directions transverse to the y direction with the connecting element 19 a stiff Unit forms, or that it is relative to the connecting element 19 can be moved or pivoted on all sides.

In the fourth holding device shown in FIG. 1 4, which in the theoretical fourth corner 24 in the area a fourth corner of the plate 12 is arranged Carrier holder 18 relative to its connecting element 19th in operation both in the x direction and in the y direction movable. This flexibility can be achieved by any known means can be achieved, preferably by a Universal joint, which is an all-round movement of the Carrier holder 18 of the fourth holding device 4 relative to its connecting element 19 to a limited extent enables a pivot point 48. 5 shows one for this suitable universal joint 50, which consists of an im Carrier holder 18 formed hollow spherical bearing shell 52 and a joint ball 54. The joint ball 54 is at the upper end of the connecting element with reference to FIG. 5 19 attached or consists of a single piece of material with the connecting element 19th

6 shows a likewise for the fourth holding device 4 suitable universal joint 56, which in essentially from one at the top with reference to FIG. 6 Attached end of the connecting element 19 or with it integrally formed hollow spherical bearing eye 58, a partially spherical bearing ring 60 stored therein and one that supports or forms the bearing ring 60 There is journal 62, the latter in the carrier holder 18 stored or at least from the carrier holder 18 of the fourth holding device 4 is worn.

7 shows a universal joint 64 in the form of a universal joint, which in the fourth holding device 4 for Connection of the carrier holder 18 with the associated one Connecting element 19 relative to a pivot point 48 is pivotable to each other.

The plate holder 16 and the carrier holder 18 can in in a known manner or by known means, for example Screws, nuts, glue, clamps etc. on the plate 12 or on the supporting structure 14 be attached. Because these fasteners are known are not shown in detail here or described.

Through the invention, the plate 12 by means of the holding devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 free from the supporting structure 14 held. "Forced" means that at Dimensional deviations in manufacture, in the event of deflections the plate 12 by wind pressure and material contractions and material expansions of the plate 12 and / or the Support structure 14 no shear forces when the temperature changes, Buckling forces and the like from the supporting structure 14 and / or of the holding devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 be exerted on the plate 12. This allows according to the invention also large glass plates without the risk of Glass breakage with changing wind pressures and temperature changes used as facade elements or ceiling elements become. Furthermore, the invention enables a simple one Assembly of the plates 12, since already after attachment the first holding device 1, the plate 12 on the support structure 14 with respect to their attachment point is positioned. Already after attaching the second holding device 2 on the plate 12 and on the Support structure 14, the plate 12 of the two Holding devices 1 and 2 worn and in position finally fixed without further funds required to hold or position the plate 12 are.

The fourth holding device 4 is on the diagonal of the theoretical quadrilaterals arranged by the four Holding devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 is defined.

On the straight distance line between the first holding device 1 and the second holding device 2 can any number of further second holding devices 2 are arranged, the carrier holder 18 with each other aligned in the x direction relative to their connecting elements 19 are movable.

On the straight line connecting the first Holding device 1 and the third holding device 3 can any number of additional third holding devices 3rd are arranged, the carrier holder 18 in the y direction aligned with one another relative to their connecting elements 19 are movable.

On the straight distance lines between the fourth Holding device 4 and the second holding device 2, and between the fourth holding device 4 and the third holding device 3, can be any number further holding devices 4 may be arranged, the Carrier holder 18 relative to their connecting elements 19th in the x direction and simultaneously in the y direction or on all sides are pivotable about a fixed pivot point.

This makes it possible within the scope of the invention to Plate 12 with three holding devices 1, 2 and 3 or with any larger variety of holding devices 1, 2, 3 and 4 to be attached to a supporting structure 14, without 12 material stresses occurring in the plate, with the exception of the weight of the plate 12 conditional tensions.

Claims (10)

1. Building construction in the form of a façade or roof, comprising at least one panel (12), in particular a glass pane, which is fastened by means of at least three holding devices (1, 2, 3) to a supporting structure (14), the following being provided:

   the three holding devices (1, 2, 3) are apportioned to the three corner points (21, 22, 23) of a theoretical triangle and lie preferably each in a corner region of the panel (12);

   all of the holding devices (1, 2, 3, 4) each comprise a panel holder (16) fastened to the panel (12), a support holder (18) fastened to the supporting structure (14), and connecting means (19) connecting the two holders (16, 18) in each case to one another; and

   all of the panel holders (16) are provided with a universal joint (26) having a swivelling centre (28), about which each panel holder (16) in operation may execute swivelling motions in all directions to a limited extent relative to its associated connecting means (19),

   characterized in that the following is moreover provided:

   in the case of the first holding device (1), the support holder (18) and the associated connecting means (19) are designed in such a way that together they form a flexurally stiff unit in all directions perpendicular to the direction of connection of the connecting means;

   in the case of the second holding device (2), the support holder (18) in operation is movable relative to its connecting means (19) in the direction of the distance of the second holding device (2) from the first holding device (1), hereinafter referred to as x-direction, but together with the connecting means (19) forms an immovably rigid unit in all directions extending perpendicular to the x-direction;

   in the case of the third holding device (3), the support holder (18) in operation is movable relative to its connecting means (19) in the direction of the distance of the third holding device (3) from the first holding device (1), hereinafter referred to as y-direction;

   the x-direction and the y-direction extend at right angles to one another.
2. Building construction according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   disposed in a fourth corner point (24), by means of which the theoretical triangle is extended into a theoretical rectangle, is a fourth holding device (4) which connects the panel (12) to the supporting structure (14), that the support holder (18) of said fourth holding device (4) in operation is movable in x-direction and in y-direction relative to its connecting means (19).
3. Building construction according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the support holder (18) of the third holding device (3) in operation is movable also in x-direction relative to its connecting means (19).
4. Building construction according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the mobility of the support holder (18) of the second holding device (2) is provided by means of a joint (40), which has a swivelling axis (42) extending at right angles to the x-direction and connects the support holder (18) to the connecting means (19) but blocks a movement of the support holder (18) relative to the connecting means (19) in all directions extending perpendicular to the swivelling axis (42).
5. Building construction according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the mobility of the support holder (18) of the third holding device (3) relative to its connecting means (19) is provided by means of a joint (50), which has a swivelling axis (42) extending at right angles to the y-direction and connects the support holder (18) to the associated connecting means (19) so that they are capable of swivelling relative to one another.
6. Building construction according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the support holder (18) and its connecting means (19) of the third holding device (3) together form a flexurally stiff unit in all directions extending perpendicular to the y-direction.
7. Building construction according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the mobility of the support holder (18) of the third holding device (3) relative to its connecting means (19) is provided by means of a universal joint (50; 56; 64) which connects the support holder (18) to its connecting means (19), that the universal joint has a swivel point (48) about which che support (18) in operation is capable of swivelling to a limited extent in all directions, including in x-direction and in y-direction, relative to its connecting means (19) of said third holding device (3).
8. Building construction according to one of claims 2 to 7,
   characterized in that
   the mobility of the support holder (18) of the fourth holding device (4) relative to its connecting means (19) is provided by means of a universal joint (50; 56; 64), by which they are connected so as to be capable of swivelling and which has a swivelling centre (48), about which the support holder (18) in operation is capable of swivelling to a limited extent in all directions, including in x-direction and in y-direction, relative to its connecting means (19).
9. Building construction according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   the y-direction extends at right angles to the x-direction.
10. Building construction according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the x-direction and the y-direction lie in a common plane, which lies plane-parallel to the plane of the panel (12).

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