EP0648315B1 - High-pressure cleaning device - Google Patents

High-pressure cleaning device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0648315B1
EP0648315B1 EP93911485A EP93911485A EP0648315B1 EP 0648315 B1 EP0648315 B1 EP 0648315B1 EP 93911485 A EP93911485 A EP 93911485A EP 93911485 A EP93911485 A EP 93911485A EP 0648315 B1 EP0648315 B1 EP 0648315B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
line
valve body
pressure line
valve
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93911485A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0648315A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Weller
Wilhelm Eisenmann
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Alfred Kaercher SE and Co KG
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Alfred Kaercher SE and Co KG
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Publication of EP0648315A1 publication Critical patent/EP0648315A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B3/026Cleaning by making use of hand-held spray guns; Fluid preparations therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2203/00Details of cleaning machines or methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B2203/02Details of machines or methods for cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B2203/0205Bypass pressure relief valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2203/00Details of cleaning machines or methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B2203/02Details of machines or methods for cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B2203/0217Use of a detergent in high pressure cleaners; arrangements for supplying the same

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure cleaning device with a high-pressure pump, which pumps the cleaning liquid from a suction line into a pressure line leading to a dispensing device, with a bypass line leading from the pressure line to the suction line, with a valve body closing the outlet opening between the pressure line and the bypass line, with an actuating element for the valve body , which can be moved against the action of a spring against the valve body into a position displacing it into the open position, and with a working cylinder which is divided into two chambers by a piston which is displaceable in a sealed manner and is coupled to the actuating element, one chamber between the outlet opening and the bypass line is arranged and the other of which is connected to the pressure line via a control line.
  • Such a high-pressure cleaning device is known for example from DE-PS 31 24 944. It is possible with the control described there to open the bypass line in such a way that if the cross-section in the pressure line is reduced, part of the liquid conveyed by the high-pressure pump is fed via the bypass line to the suction side of the pump, so that the amount of liquid which is at reduced outlet cross-section in the pressure line emerges from this. When the pressure line is closed, the bypass line is opened completely. In order to be able to open the actuating element against the action of the retaining spring, the pressure in the pressure line and in the control line branching from it must rise so high that it is above the pressure that occurs in normal operation.
  • control line exits the pressure line in the region of a cross-sectional constriction of the pressure line.
  • valve construction according to DE-PS 32 48 622 does not allow a smooth, gradual opening of the bypass valve, but rather leads to a sudden opening. This is because when the bypass valve is opened, the back pressure acting on the piston suddenly collapses, so that the piston imbalance is suddenly increased as a result. In fact, in the known valve designs, undesirable vibrations occur in the area of the valve body, which are based on the fact that the conditions change suddenly during opening and closing.
  • the cross-sectional constriction in the pressure line is formed by a chemical-sucking injector.
  • a check valve is arranged in the pressure line between the outlet opening of the bypass line and the outlet of the control line. When the pressure line is closed, this maintains the pressure in the region located downstream of the check valve, so that this pressure is also maintained in the chamber of the working cylinder connected to the control line. As a result, the valve body is held in the open position at the outlet opening of the bypass line until this pressure in the pressure line is reduced again by opening the same.
  • a check valve opening in the outlet opening is arranged in the pressure line downstream of the cross-sectional constriction. It has been found that this calms down the operation, any pulsations that may occur are dampened by such a further check valve.
  • a further improved embodiment can be achieved in that a pressure accumulator is provided, which flows into the Connection line opening into the pressure line is connected to this. This measure also helps to dampen any pulsations that occur and to ensure quiet operation.
  • This part of this high-pressure cleaning device is only shown schematically and in simplified form in the drawing, which serves to convey the liquid and to control the various operating states. It goes without saying that the unit shown with a supply line for a cleaning liquid, for. As water, is to be connected and that the cleaning liquid emerging from this unit under high pressure can be dispensed in a known manner via flexible high-pressure lines and spray guns or the like, these peripheral devices are not shown in the drawing.
  • a suction line 1 leads via a suction valve 2 into the pumping chamber 3 of a high-pressure pump, of which only the piston 4 entering the pumping chamber 3 is shown sealed and oscillating.
  • An electric motor not shown in the drawing, is used as the drive, for example.
  • the pump chamber 3 is connected via a pressure valve 5 to a pressure line 6, into which a check valve 7 opening in the flow direction is inserted.
  • the Pressure line 6 leads in the manner discussed via a high-pressure hose or the like to a delivery device not shown in the drawing.
  • the pressure line 6 Upstream of the check valve 7, the pressure line 6 is connected via an outlet opening 8 to a working cylinder 9, which is divided into two chambers by a piston 10 which can be sealed therein, namely a lower chamber 11, which is connected to the outlet opening 8, and an upper chamber 12, into which a control line 13 opens.
  • This chemical injector 14 essentially represents a constriction 15 in the pressure line 6, in the area of this constriction 15 a chemical suction line 17 closed in via a check valve 16 the pressure line 6 opens.
  • the control line 13 also opens into the pressure line 6 in the region of this constriction 15.
  • a check valve 32 opening in the outflow direction is arranged in the pressure line 6 downstream of the constriction 15.
  • connection line 31 opens into the pressure line 6 upstream of the constriction 15 and connects the pressure line 6 to a pressure accumulator 30 of a type known per se.
  • a bypass line 18 emerges from the lower chamber 11 and leads to the suction line 1.
  • the outlet opening 8 between the pressure line 6 and the lower chamber 11 is closed by means of a spherical, spring-loaded valve body 19 which is pressed against the outlet opening 8 from the pressure line side.
  • the piston 10 is arranged on a piston rod 20 which dips with its free end 21 into the outlet opening 8 and ends immediately next to the valve body 19. At the opposite end of the working cylinder 9, the piston rod 20 exits the working cylinder 9 in a sealed manner and is displaceably mounted in this area.
  • a coil spring 22 surrounding the piston rod 20 is supported on the one hand on a pressure plate 23 connected to the piston rod 20 and on the other hand on the device part 24 receiving the working cylinder 9 in such a way that the piston 10 and the piston rod 20 are removed from the valve body 19, that is to say that they are in a closed position can be moved, in which the valve body 19 is not moved by the free end of the piston rod 20.
  • the piston 10 and the piston rod 20 can be displaced such that the valve body 19 is moved against the action of the resilient closing force until the outlet opening 8 is released.
  • the pump conveys liquid under high pressure through the pressure line 6.
  • the pressure line When the pressure line is open, the liquid is completely discharged via the pressure line.
  • a reduction in the static pressure which is dependent on the flow rate is generated in the region of the injector 15.
  • this leads to the suction of chemicals via the chemical suction line 17, and on the other hand a pressure is set in the upper chamber 12 which is below the operating pressure generated by the pump.
  • the reduction compared to the operating pressure is dependent on the volume flow in the area of the chemical injector 14.
  • the pressure generated in this way in the upper chamber acts Force against the coil spring 22, but this is dimensioned so that the piston 10 and piston rod 20 remain in the closed position of the valve body 19, that is, the coil spring 22 is not compressed.
  • the bypass line 18 is thus completely separated from the pressure line 6.
  • the volume flow in the area of the chemical injector 14 is also interrupted, so that there is no longer a drop in the static pressure in this area.
  • the pressure in the upper chamber 12 of the working cylinder 9 thus rises via the control line 13 to the normal operating pressure of the pump.
  • This increase in pressure is now sufficient to move the piston 10 and the piston rod 20 against the action of the helical spring 22, so that the valve body 19 is thereby removed from the outlet opening 8 and releases it.
  • the liquid conveyed by the high-pressure pump can thus circulate again to the suction line 1 via the bypass line 18, the pressure in the lower chamber 11 and in the bypass line being very considerably below the operating pressure.
  • Both the check valve 32 and the pressure accumulator 30 support smooth, pulsation-free operation, so that sudden opening and closing movements of the valve are avoided on the one hand by the design of the valve in the bypass line, while on the other hand still remaining pressure fluctuations by the pressure accumulator 30 and the check valve 32 to be smoothed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

In order to minimize the size of the spring (22) and the pump motor in a high-pressure cleaning device with a high-pressure pump which pumps cleaning fluid from an intake line (1) into a pressure line (6) leading to a discharge device, with a by-pass line (18) from the pressure line (6) to the intake line (1), with a valve body (19) closing off the outlet aperture (8) between the pressure line (6) and the by-pass line (18), with an actuating component (20) for the valve body (19) which can be moved against the pressure of a spring (22) against the valve body (19) into a position setting said valve to the open position, and with a working cylinder (9) divided by a sealed piston (10) movable therein and coupled to the actuating component into two chambers (11, 12), one of which is arranged between the discharge aperture (19) and the by-pass line (18) and the other is connected via a control line (13) to the pressure line, it is proposed that the control line (13) leaves the pressure line (6) in the region of a waist (15) therein.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hochdruckreinigungsgerät mit einer Hochdruckpumpe, die Reinigungsflüssigkeit aus einer Saugleitung in eine zu einer Abgabevorrichtung führende Druckleitung pumpt, mit einer von der Druckleitung zur Saugleitung führenden Bypassleitung, mit einem die Austrittsöffnung zwischen Druckleitung und Bypassleitung verschließenden Ventilkörper, mit einem Betätigungselement für den Ventilkörper, welches gegen die Wirkung einer Feder gegen den Ventilkörper in eine diesen in die Offenstellung verschiebende Position bewegbar ist, und mit einem Arbeitszylinder, der durch einen abgedichtet darin verschieblichen, mit dem Betätigungselement gekoppelten Kolben in zwei Kammern unterteilt wird, deren eine zwischen der Austrittsöffnung und der Bypassleitung angeordnet ist und deren andere über eine Steuerleitung mit der Druckleitung in Verbindung steht.The invention relates to a high-pressure cleaning device with a high-pressure pump, which pumps the cleaning liquid from a suction line into a pressure line leading to a dispensing device, with a bypass line leading from the pressure line to the suction line, with a valve body closing the outlet opening between the pressure line and the bypass line, with an actuating element for the valve body , which can be moved against the action of a spring against the valve body into a position displacing it into the open position, and with a working cylinder which is divided into two chambers by a piston which is displaceable in a sealed manner and is coupled to the actuating element, one chamber between the outlet opening and the bypass line is arranged and the other of which is connected to the pressure line via a control line.

Ein derartiges Hochdruckreinigungsgerät ist beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 31 24 944 bekannt. Es gelingt mit der dort beschriebenen Steuerung, die Bypassleitung so zu öffnen, daß bei einer Querschnittsverminderung in der Druckleitung ein Teil der von der Hochdruckpumpe geförderten Flüssigkeit über die Bypassleitung der Saugseite der Pumpe zugeführt wird, so daß die Menge der Flüssigkeit reduziert wird, die bei vermindertem Austrittsquerschnitt in der Druckleitung aus dieser austritt. Beim Schliepen der Druckleitung wird die Bypassleitung vollständig geöffnet. Um dazu das Betätigungselement gegen die Wirkung der Rückhaltefeder öffnen zu können, muß der Druck in der Druckleitung und in der von dieser abzweigenden Steuerleitung so hoch ansteigen, daß er oberhalb des Druckes liegt, der im Normalbetrieb auftritt. Nur dann ist die Kraft der Rückholfeder zu überwinden, die nicht geringer gewählt werden kann, da sonst im normalen Betrieb unerwünschterweise die Bypassleitung geöffnet würde. Eine vollständige Freigabe der Bypassleitung setzt also in der Druckleitung einen Druck voraus, der höher liegt als im normalen Betrieb. Durch eine solche Druckerhöhung wird der Elektromotor der Hochdruckpumpe außerordentlich stark belastet, d. h. es ist notwendig, den Elektromotor so zu dimensionieren, daß er auch für diesen Überdruckbetrieb geeignet ist. Es werden also größere und leistungsstärkere Motoren notwendig, als dies für den normalen Dauerbetrieb an sich erforderlich wäre.Such a high-pressure cleaning device is known for example from DE-PS 31 24 944. It is possible with the control described there to open the bypass line in such a way that if the cross-section in the pressure line is reduced, part of the liquid conveyed by the high-pressure pump is fed via the bypass line to the suction side of the pump, so that the amount of liquid which is at reduced outlet cross-section in the pressure line emerges from this. When the pressure line is closed, the bypass line is opened completely. In order to be able to open the actuating element against the action of the retaining spring, the pressure in the pressure line and in the control line branching from it must rise so high that it is above the pressure that occurs in normal operation. Only then can the force of the return spring be overcome, which cannot be chosen lower, since otherwise the bypass line would be opened undesirably during normal operation. Complete release of the bypass line therefore requires a pressure in the pressure line that is higher than in normal operation. Such an increase in pressure places an extremely heavy load on the electric motor of the high-pressure pump, ie it is necessary to dimension the electric motor in such a way that it is also suitable for this overpressure operation. Larger and more powerful motors are necessary than would be necessary for normal continuous operation.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Hochdruckreinigungsgerät der gattungsgemäßen Art derart zu verbessern, daß eine vergleichbare Funktion erreicht wird, wobei die Bauelemente so dimensioniert werden können, daß sie bereits im Normalbetrieb bis an ihre Leistungsgrenze eingesetzt werden können.It is an object of the invention to improve a high-pressure cleaning device of the generic type in such a way that a comparable function is achieved, the components being able to be dimensioned in such a way that they can be used up to their performance limit in normal operation.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Hochdruckreinigungsgerät der eingangs beschriebenen Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Steuerleitung im Bereich einer Querschnittsverengung der Druckleitung aus dieser austritt.This object is achieved according to the invention in a high-pressure cleaning device of the type described in the introduction in that the control line exits the pressure line in the region of a cross-sectional constriction of the pressure line.

Durch diese Maßnahme wird erreicht, daß im Normalbetrieb der Druck in der mit der Steuerleitung verbundenen Kammer des Arbeitszylinders unterhalb des normalen Betriebsdruckes in der Druckleitung liegt, denn im Bereich der Querschnittsverengung entsteht durch die erhöhte Strömungsgeschwindigkeit aufgrund der Verengung ein geringerer statischer Druck, dessen abgesenkter Wert über die Steuerleitung in die mit ihr verbundene Kammer übertragen wird. Bei der Unterbrechung der Flüssigkeitsabgabe, beispielsweise beim Verschließen der Druckleitung, entfällt diese Druckabsenkung im Bereich der Querschnittsverengung, und dieser Anstieg des Druckes in der mit der Steuerleitung verbundenen Kammer führt zu einer Verschiebung des Betätigungselementes und zu einer Öffnung der Austrittsöffnung, so daß daraufhin die von der Pumpe geförderte Flüssigkeit über die Bypassleitung zirkulieren kann.This measure ensures that, in normal operation, the pressure in the chamber of the working cylinder connected to the control line is below the normal operating pressure in the pressure line, because in the area of the cross-sectional constriction, the increased flow velocity results in a lower static pressure due to the constriction, the lower value of which is transmitted via the control line into the chamber connected to it. When the liquid discharge is interrupted, for example when the pressure line is closed, this pressure drop in the area of the cross-sectional constriction does not apply, and this increase in the pressure in the chamber connected to the control line leads to a displacement of the actuating element and to an opening of the outlet opening, so that thereupon the the pumped liquid can circulate through the bypass line.

Wesentlich dabei ist, daß der Druck, der zum Öffnen der Austrittsöffnung der Bypassleitung notwendig ist, den Druck nicht übersteigt, der im Normalbetrieb von der Pumpe erzeugt wird. Sobald die Strömung unterbrochen wird, steigt der Druck in der mit der Steuerleitung verbundenen Arbeitskammer auf diesen Betriebsdruck an, eine weitere Druckerhöhung ist weder notwendig, noch wird sie von der Pumpe aufgebracht. Das Ergebnis dieser Konstruktion führt einerseits dazu, daß die Rückhaltekraft und damit die Dimensionierung der Feder geringer sein kann als bei vorbekannten Konstruktionen, da diese Feder bei dem normalen Betriebsdruck bereits zusammengedrückt werden soll, und andererseits dazu, daß ein für geringere Maximalleistungen ausgelegter Motor der Pumpe verwendet werden kann, da diese nie über die normalen Betriebsbedingungen hinaus belastet wird.It is essential that the pressure which is necessary to open the outlet opening of the bypass line does not exceed the pressure which is generated by the pump in normal operation. As soon as the flow is interrupted, the pressure in the working chamber connected to the control line rises to this operating pressure, a further pressure increase is neither necessary nor is it applied by the pump. The result of this construction leads on the one hand to the fact that the retention force and thus the dimensioning of the spring can be lower than in previously known constructions, since this spring should already be compressed under normal operating pressure, and on the other hand to the fact that a motor of the pump designed for lower maximum outputs can be used as it is never subjected to stress beyond normal operating conditions.

Es gelingt also durch diese Konstruktion, die Dimensionierung der Pumpe bei gleicher Leistung geringer zu halten. Dabei ist auch wesentlich, daß durch die geringere Dimensionierung der Feder die Sicherheitsventilfunktion des Betätigungselementes und des Ventilkörpers verbessert werden kann, denn wenn aus unerwünschten Gründen der Druck im System über den normalen Betriebsdruck ansteigen sollte, wird dieser Druckanstieg sich auch auf die mit der Steuerleitung verbundene Kammer übertragen und bereits bei einem relativ niedrigen Überdruck zu einer Öffnung der Austrittsöffnung der Bypassleitung führen. Da die Rückhaltefeder weniger steif ausgebildet sein kann als bei vorbekannten Konstruktionen, tritt dieser Sicherheitsventileffekt bereits bei relativ geringen Überdrücken auf.With this design, it is possible to keep the dimensions of the pump smaller with the same output. It is also important that the safety valve function of the actuating element and the valve body can be improved by the smaller dimensioning of the spring, because if the pressure in the system should rise above the normal operating pressure for undesirable reasons, this pressure increase will also be associated with the control line Transfer chamber and lead to an opening of the outlet opening of the bypass line at a relatively low pressure. Since the retaining spring can be made less rigid than in previously known designs, this safety valve effect already occurs at relatively low overpressures.

Bei Hochdruckreinigungsgeräten ist es an sich bekannt, die Öffnung des Ventils der Bypassleitung über eine Steuerleitung zu steuern, die im Bereich einer Querschnittsverengung der Druckleitung aus dieser austritt. In der DE-PS 32 48 622 ist eine solche Hochdruckreinigungspumpe beschrieben, die jedoch im Unterschied zu der vorliegenden Konstruktion auf einem anderen Prinzip der Steuerung des Bypassleitungsventils beruht. Das Betätigungselement der vorbekannten Konstruktion wird über einen Kolben gesteuert, der beidseitig mit hohen Drücken beaufschlagt wird. Die mit der Bypassleitung in Verbindung stehende Kammer ist nämlich dauerhaft mit der Druckleitung verbunden, so daß in ihr immer Betriebsdruck herrscht. Der Kolben wird im wesentlichen durch die beidseitig anstehenden Drücke verschoben, eine zusätzliche Rückhaltefeder, die ihn in Offenstellung hält, ist zum Betrieb nicht notwendig. Außerdem hat sich in der Praxis herausgestellt, daß die Ventilkonstruktion gemäß DE-PS 32 48 622 kein weiches, allmähliches Öffnen des Bypassventils ermöglicht, sondern zu einem schlagartigen Öffnen führt. Dies liegt daran, daß beim Öffnen des Bypassventils der auf den Kolben wirkende Gegendruck schlagartig zusammenbricht, so daß das Ungleichgewicht am Kolben dadurch plötzlich erhöht wird. Tatsächlich treten bei den bekannten Ventilkonstruktionen unerwünschte Schwingungen im Bereich des Ventilkörpers auf, die darauf beruhen, daß sich die Zustände beim Öffnen und Schließen schlagartig ändern.In the case of high-pressure cleaning devices, it is known per se to control the opening of the valve of the bypass line via a control line which emerges from the pressure line in the region of a cross-sectional constriction thereof. Such a high-pressure cleaning pump is described in DE-PS 32 48 622, which, however, in contrast to the present construction, is based on a different principle of controlling the bypass line valve. The actuating element of the known construction is controlled via a piston which is acted upon on both sides by high pressures. The chamber in connection with the bypass line is namely permanently connected to the pressure line, so that there is always operating pressure in it. The piston is essentially displaced by the pressures on both sides, an additional retaining spring, which holds it in the open position, is not necessary for operation. In addition, it has been found in practice that the valve construction according to DE-PS 32 48 622 does not allow a smooth, gradual opening of the bypass valve, but rather leads to a sudden opening. This is because when the bypass valve is opened, the back pressure acting on the piston suddenly collapses, so that the piston imbalance is suddenly increased as a result. In fact, in the known valve designs, undesirable vibrations occur in the area of the valve body, which are based on the fact that the conditions change suddenly during opening and closing.

Erst durch die erfindungsgemäße Kombination einer Sicherheitsventilkonstruktion mit Feder, bei der das Betätigungselement also nicht durch den Betriebsdruck in der Offenstellung festgehalten wird, sondern durch eine spezielle Rückhaltefeder, und einer Steuerleitung, die in einem Unterdruckbereich in die Druckleitung einmündet, wird eine stabile Funktion des Schließventils der Bypassleitung ohne schlagartige Veränderungen ermöglicht bei gleichzeitiger Herabsetzung der Dimensionierung sowohl der Feder als auch des Motors gegenüber vorbekannten Konstruktionen.Only through the combination according to the invention of a safety valve construction with a spring, in which the actuating element is therefore not held in the open position by the operating pressure, but rather by a special retaining spring and a control line which opens into the pressure line in a vacuum region. a stable function of the closing valve of the bypass line is made possible without sudden changes while at the same time reducing the dimensioning of both the spring and the motor compared to previously known designs.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Querschnittsverengung in der Druckleitung durch einen Chemikalien ansaugenden Injektor gebildet wird.In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the cross-sectional constriction in the pressure line is formed by a chemical-sucking injector.

Günstig ist es weiterhin, wenn in der Druckleitung zwischen der Austrittsöffnung der Bypassleitung und dem Austritt der Steuerleitung ein Rückschlagventil angeordnet ist. Dieses hält beim Verschließen der Druckleitung den Druck in dem stromabwärts des Rückschlagventils gelegenen Bereich, so daß dieser Druck auch in der mit der Steuerleitung verbundenen Kammer des Arbeitszylinders aufrechterhalten bleibt. Dadurch wird der Ventilkörper an der Austrittsöffnung der Bypassleitung in Offenstellung gehalten, bis dieser Druck in der Druckleitung durch Öffnen derselben wieder abgebaut wird.It is also advantageous if a check valve is arranged in the pressure line between the outlet opening of the bypass line and the outlet of the control line. When the pressure line is closed, this maintains the pressure in the region located downstream of the check valve, so that this pressure is also maintained in the chamber of the working cylinder connected to the control line. As a result, the valve body is held in the open position at the outlet opening of the bypass line until this pressure in the pressure line is reduced again by opening the same.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann vorgesehen sein, daß in der Druckleitung stromabwärts der Querschnittsverengung ein in Austrittsöffnung öffnendes Rückschlagventil angeordnet ist. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß dadurch der Betrieb beruhigt wird, möglicherweise auftretende Pulsationen werden durch ein solches weiteres Rückschlagventil gedämpft.In a preferred embodiment it can be provided that a check valve opening in the outlet opening is arranged in the pressure line downstream of the cross-sectional constriction. It has been found that this calms down the operation, any pulsations that may occur are dampened by such a further check valve.

Eine weitere verbesserte Ausgestaltung läßt sich dadurch erzielen, daß ein Druckspeicher vorgesehen ist, der über eine stromaufwärts der Querschnittsverengung in die Druckleitung einmündende Verbindungsleitung mit dieser in Verbindung steht. Auch diese Maßnahme trägt dazu bei, eventuell auftretende Pulsationen zu dämpfen und einen ruhigen Betrieb zu gewährleisten.A further improved embodiment can be achieved in that a pressure accumulator is provided, which flows into the Connection line opening into the pressure line is connected to this. This measure also helps to dampen any pulsations that occur and to ensure quiet operation.

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung dient im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung der näheren Erläuterung. Diese zeigt schematisch die wichtigsten Bauelemente eines Hochdruckreinigers.The following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention serves in conjunction with the drawing for a more detailed explanation. This shows schematically the most important components of a high-pressure cleaner.

Von diesem Hochdruckreinigungsgerät ist in der Zeichnung lediglich der Teil schematisch und vereinfacht dargestellt, der der Förderung der Flüssigkeit sowie der Steuerung der verschiedenen Betriebszustände dient. Es versteht sich von selbst, daß die dargestellte Einheit mit einer Zufuhrleitung für eine Reinigungsflüssigkeit, z. B. Wasser, zu verbinden ist und daß die aus dieser Einheit unter hohem Druck austretende Reinigungsflüssigkeit in an sich bekannter Weise über flexible Hochdruckleitungen und Spritzpistolen oder dergleichen abgegeben werden kann, diese peripheren Geräte sind in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt.This part of this high-pressure cleaning device is only shown schematically and in simplified form in the drawing, which serves to convey the liquid and to control the various operating states. It goes without saying that the unit shown with a supply line for a cleaning liquid, for. As water, is to be connected and that the cleaning liquid emerging from this unit under high pressure can be dispensed in a known manner via flexible high-pressure lines and spray guns or the like, these peripheral devices are not shown in the drawing.

Eine Saugleitung 1 führt über ein Saugventil 2 in die Pumpkammer 3 einer Hochdruckpumpe, von der in der Zeichnung nur der abgedichtet und oszillierend in die Pumpkammer 3 eintretende Kolben 4 dargestellt ist. Als Antrieb wird beispielsweise ein in der Zeichnung nicht gezeigter Elektromotor verwendet.A suction line 1 leads via a suction valve 2 into the pumping chamber 3 of a high-pressure pump, of which only the piston 4 entering the pumping chamber 3 is shown sealed and oscillating. An electric motor, not shown in the drawing, is used as the drive, for example.

Über ein Druckventil 5 steht die Pumpkammer 3 mit einer Druckleitung 6 in Verbindung, in die ein in Strömungsrichtung öffnendes Rückschlagventil 7 eingesetzt ist. Die Druckleitung 6 führt in der erörterten Weise über einen Hochdruckschlauch oder dergleichen zu einer in der Zeichnung nicht wiedergegebenen Abgabevorrichtung.The pump chamber 3 is connected via a pressure valve 5 to a pressure line 6, into which a check valve 7 opening in the flow direction is inserted. The Pressure line 6 leads in the manner discussed via a high-pressure hose or the like to a delivery device not shown in the drawing.

Stromaufwärts des Rückschlagventiles 7 ist die Druckleitung 6 über eine Austrittsöffnung 8 mit einem Arbeitszylinder 9 verbunden, der durch einen abgedichtet in ihm verschieblichen Kolben 10 in zwei Kammern unterteilt wird, nämlich eine untere, mit der Austrittsöffnung 8 in Verbindung stehende Kammer 11 und eine obere Kammer 12, in die eine Steuerleitung 13 einmündet. Diese verbindet die obere Kammer 12 mit einem stromabwärts des Rückschlagventils 7 in der Druckleitung 6 angeordneten Chemikalieninjektor 14. Dieser Chemikalieninjektor 14 stellt im wesentlichen eine Verengung 15 in der Druckleitung 6 dar, wobei im Bereich dieser Verengung 15 eine über ein Rückschlagventil 16 verschlossene Chemikalienansaugleitung 17 in die Druckleitung 6 einmündet. Auch die Steuerleitung 13 mündet im Bereich dieser Verengung 15 in die Druckleitung 6 ein.Upstream of the check valve 7, the pressure line 6 is connected via an outlet opening 8 to a working cylinder 9, which is divided into two chambers by a piston 10 which can be sealed therein, namely a lower chamber 11, which is connected to the outlet opening 8, and an upper chamber 12, into which a control line 13 opens. This connects the upper chamber 12 with a chemical injector 14 arranged downstream of the check valve 7 in the pressure line 6. This chemical injector 14 essentially represents a constriction 15 in the pressure line 6, in the area of this constriction 15 a chemical suction line 17 closed in via a check valve 16 the pressure line 6 opens. The control line 13 also opens into the pressure line 6 in the region of this constriction 15.

In der Druckleitung 6 ist stromabwärts der Verengung 15 ein in Ausströmrichtung öffnendes Rückschlagventil 32 angeordnet.A check valve 32 opening in the outflow direction is arranged in the pressure line 6 downstream of the constriction 15.

Außerdem mündet in die Druckleitung 6 stromaufwärts der Verengung 15 eine Verbindungsleitung 31 ein, die die Druckleitung 6 mit einem Druckspeicher 30 an sich bekannter Art verbindet.In addition, a connection line 31 opens into the pressure line 6 upstream of the constriction 15 and connects the pressure line 6 to a pressure accumulator 30 of a type known per se.

Aus der unteren Kammer 11 tritt eine Bypassleitung 18 aus, die zur Saugleitung 1 führt. Die Austrittsöffnung 8 zwischen der Druckleitung 6 und der unteren Kammer 11 ist mittels eines kugelförmigen, federbelasteten Ventilkörpers 19 verschlossen, der von der Druckleitungsseite her gegen die Austrittsöffnung 8 angepreßt wird.A bypass line 18 emerges from the lower chamber 11 and leads to the suction line 1. The outlet opening 8 between the pressure line 6 and the lower chamber 11 is closed by means of a spherical, spring-loaded valve body 19 which is pressed against the outlet opening 8 from the pressure line side.

Der Kolben 10 ist auf einer Kolbenstange 20 angeordnet, die mit ihrem freien Ende 21 in die Austrittsöffnung 8 eintaucht und unmittelbar neben dem Ventilkörper 19 endet. Am gegenüberliegenden Ende des Arbeitszylinders 9 tritt die Kolbenstange 20 abgedichtet aus dem Arbeitszylinder 9 aus und ist in diesem Bereich verschieblich gelagert. Eine die Kolbenstange 20 umgebende Schraubenfeder 22 stützt sich einerseits an einer mit der Kolbenstange 20 verbundenen Druckplatte 23 und andererseits an dem den Arbeitszylinder 9 aufnehmenden Geräteteil 24 so ab, daß der Kolben 10 und die Kolbenstange 20 vom Ventilkörper 19 entfernt werden, daß sie also in eine Schließstellung verschoben werden,in welcher der Ventilkörper 19 vom freien Ende der Kolbenstange 20 nicht verschoben wird. Gegen die Wirkung der Schraubenfeder 22 lassen sich Kolben 10 und Kolbenstange 20 so verschieben, daß der Ventilkörper 19 gegen die Wirkung der federnden Schließkraft verschoben wird, bis die Austrittsöffnung 8 freigegeben ist.The piston 10 is arranged on a piston rod 20 which dips with its free end 21 into the outlet opening 8 and ends immediately next to the valve body 19. At the opposite end of the working cylinder 9, the piston rod 20 exits the working cylinder 9 in a sealed manner and is displaceably mounted in this area. A coil spring 22 surrounding the piston rod 20 is supported on the one hand on a pressure plate 23 connected to the piston rod 20 and on the other hand on the device part 24 receiving the working cylinder 9 in such a way that the piston 10 and the piston rod 20 are removed from the valve body 19, that is to say that they are in a closed position can be moved, in which the valve body 19 is not moved by the free end of the piston rod 20. Against the action of the helical spring 22, the piston 10 and the piston rod 20 can be displaced such that the valve body 19 is moved against the action of the resilient closing force until the outlet opening 8 is released.

Im Betrieb fördert die Pumpe Flüssigkeit unter hohem Druck durch die Druckleitung 6. Bei geöffneter Druckleitung wird die Flüssigkeit vollständig über die Druckleitung abgegeben, dabei wird im Bereich des Injektors 14 aufgrund der Verengung 15 eine von der Fließgeschwindigkeit abhängige Erniedrigung des statischen Druckes erzeugt. Diese führt einerseits zum Ansaugen von Chemikalien über die Chemikalienansaugleitung 17, andererseits wird dadurch in der oberen Kammer 12 ein Druck eingestellt, der unterhalb des von der Pumpe erzeugten Betriebsdruckes liegt. Die Absenkung gegenüber dem Betriebsdruck ist abhängig vom Volumenstrom im Bereich des Chemikalieninjektors 14. Der auf diese Weise in der oberen Kammer erzeugte Druck wirkt der Kraft der Schraubenfeder 22 entgegen, diese ist jedoch so dimensioniert, daß Kolben 10 und Kolbenstange 20 in der Schließstellung des Ventilkörpers 19 verbleiben, also die Schraubenfeder 22 nicht zusammengedrückt wird. In dieser Phase ist somit die Bypassleitung 18 von der Druckleitung 6 vollständig getrennt.In operation, the pump conveys liquid under high pressure through the pressure line 6. When the pressure line is open, the liquid is completely discharged via the pressure line. In the region of the injector 14, a reduction in the static pressure which is dependent on the flow rate is generated in the region of the injector 15. On the one hand, this leads to the suction of chemicals via the chemical suction line 17, and on the other hand a pressure is set in the upper chamber 12 which is below the operating pressure generated by the pump. The reduction compared to the operating pressure is dependent on the volume flow in the area of the chemical injector 14. The pressure generated in this way in the upper chamber acts Force against the coil spring 22, but this is dimensioned so that the piston 10 and piston rod 20 remain in the closed position of the valve body 19, that is, the coil spring 22 is not compressed. In this phase, the bypass line 18 is thus completely separated from the pressure line 6.

Unterbricht man die Flüssigkeitsabgabe über die Druckleitung 6, beispielsweise durch Verschließen eines Auslaßventils, wird auch der Volumenstrom im Bereich des Chemikalieninjektors 14 unterbrochen, so daß in diesem Bereich keine Absenkung des statischen Druckes mehr auftritt. Der Druck in der oberen Kammer 12 des Arbeitszylinders 9 steigt über die Steuerleitung 13 somit auf den normalen Betriebsdruck der Pumpe an. Dieser Druckanstieg reicht nunmehr aus, den Kolben 10 und die Kolbenstange 20 gegen die Wirkung der Schraubenfeder 22 zu verschieben, so daß dadurch der Ventilkörper 19 von der Austrittsöffnung 8 entfernt wird und diese freigibt. Damit kann die von der Hochdruckpumpe geförderte Flüssigkeit über die Bypassleitung 18 wieder zur Saugleitung 1 zirkulieren, wobei der Druck in der unteren Kammer 11 und in der Bypassleitung ganz erheblich unterhalb des Betriebsdruckes liegt. Dieser Betriebsdruck bleibt aber im Bereich stromabwärts des Rückschlagventiles 7 durch dessen Wirkung in vollem Umfange erhalten, so daß auch die Öffnungsverschiebung des Ventilkörpers 19 erhalten bleibt, solange dieser Druck nicht erniedrigt wird. Eine solche Druckerniedrigung erfolgt erst durch Öffnen der Druckleitung und dies führt dann zu einem Druckabfall in der oberen Kammer 12, so daß die Schraubenfeder 22 den Kolben 10 und die Kolbenstange 20 wieder in die Schließstellung zurückschiebt, bei der der Ventilkörper 19 die Austrittsöffnung 8 verschließt. Damit sind die eingangs geschilderten normalen Betriebsbedingungen wieder hergestellt.If the delivery of liquid via the pressure line 6 is interrupted, for example by closing an outlet valve, the volume flow in the area of the chemical injector 14 is also interrupted, so that there is no longer a drop in the static pressure in this area. The pressure in the upper chamber 12 of the working cylinder 9 thus rises via the control line 13 to the normal operating pressure of the pump. This increase in pressure is now sufficient to move the piston 10 and the piston rod 20 against the action of the helical spring 22, so that the valve body 19 is thereby removed from the outlet opening 8 and releases it. The liquid conveyed by the high-pressure pump can thus circulate again to the suction line 1 via the bypass line 18, the pressure in the lower chamber 11 and in the bypass line being very considerably below the operating pressure. This operating pressure remains in the area downstream of the check valve 7 due to its effect to the full extent, so that the opening displacement of the valve body 19 is maintained as long as this pressure is not reduced. Such a pressure reduction occurs only by opening the pressure line and this then leads to a pressure drop in the upper chamber 12, so that the helical spring 22 pushes the piston 10 and the piston rod 20 back into the closed position in which the valve body 19 closes the outlet opening 8. This restores the normal operating conditions described at the beginning.

Bei diesem Betriebsablauf tritt zu keinem Zeitpunkt in dem System ein Druck auf, der über dem normalen Betriebsdruck der Hochdruckpumpe liegt, alle Steuervorgänge werden auch ohne Überschreitung dieses Betriebsdruckes zuverlässig durchgeführt. Dementsprechend ist es nicht notwendig, die Schraubenfeder 22 oder den Antriebsmotor der Pumpe für höhere Drücke auszulegen.During this operating sequence, there is never a pressure in the system which is above the normal operating pressure of the high-pressure pump; all control processes are carried out reliably even without this operating pressure being exceeded. Accordingly, it is not necessary to design the coil spring 22 or the drive motor of the pump for higher pressures.

Sowohl das Rückschlagventil 32 als auch der Druckspeicher 30 unterstützen einen gleichmäßigen, pulsationsfreien Betrieb, so daß einerseits durch die Ausgestaltung des Ventils in der Bypassleitung plötzliche Öffnungs- und Schließbewegungen des Ventils vermieden werden, während andererseits noch verbleibende Druckschwankungen durch den Druckspeicher 30 und das Rückschlagventil 32 geglättet werden.Both the check valve 32 and the pressure accumulator 30 support smooth, pulsation-free operation, so that sudden opening and closing movements of the valve are avoided on the one hand by the design of the valve in the bypass line, while on the other hand still remaining pressure fluctuations by the pressure accumulator 30 and the check valve 32 to be smoothed.

Claims (5)

  1. A high-pressure cleaning apparatus having a high-pressure pump which pumps cleaning fluid from a suction line (1) into a pressure line (6) leading to a discharge device, having a by-pass line (18) leading from the pressure line to the suction line, having a valve body (19) closing the outlet (8) between the pressure line and the by-pass line, having an actuating member for the valve body, this actuating member being movable - against the action of a spring - against the valve body into a position displacing the latter into the open position, and having a working cylinder (9) divided into two chambers by means of a piston (10) which is coupled to the actuating member and is displaceable within the working cylinder (9) in a sealed manner, one chamber being arranged between the outlet (8) and the by-pass line (18) and the other being connected to the pressure line (1[sic]) via a control line (13), characterised in that the control line (13) issues from the pressure line (6) in the region of a cross-sectional reduction (15) thereof.
  2. A high-pressure cleaning apparatus in accordance with Claim 1, characterised in that the cross-sectional reduction (15) is formed by an injector (14) which sucks up chemicals.
  3. A high-pressure cleaning apparatus in accordance with Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a non-return valve (7) is arranged in the pressure line (6), between the outlet (8) of the by-pass line (18) and the issue of the control line (13).
  4. A high-pressure cleaning apparatus in accordance with any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a non-return valve (32) opening in the discharge direction is arranged in the pressure line (6), downstream of the cross-sectional reduction (15).
  5. A high-pressure cleaning apparatus in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a pressure reservoir (30) is provided and is connected to the pressure line (6) via a connecting line (31) issuing into the latter upstream of the cross-sectional reduction (15).
EP93911485A 1992-06-27 1993-04-20 High-pressure cleaning device Expired - Lifetime EP0648315B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4221192 1992-06-27
DE4221192A DE4221192A1 (en) 1992-06-27 1992-06-27 High pressure cleaning device
PCT/EP1993/000958 WO1994000690A1 (en) 1992-06-27 1993-04-20 High-pressure cleaning device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0648315A1 EP0648315A1 (en) 1995-04-19
EP0648315B1 true EP0648315B1 (en) 1997-03-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93911485A Expired - Lifetime EP0648315B1 (en) 1992-06-27 1993-04-20 High-pressure cleaning device

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US (1) US5558503A (en)
EP (1) EP0648315B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4221192A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0648315T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1994000690A1 (en)

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CN100340766C (en) * 2004-04-16 2007-10-03 胡松海 Plunger pump of high pressure cleaner
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JP5784595B2 (en) * 2009-06-08 2015-09-24 ブロミン・コンパウンズ・リミテツド Stabilized and activated bromine solution as a biocide and as an antifouling agent
US8459506B2 (en) * 2010-04-07 2013-06-11 Diversey, Inc. Dispensing assembly with shut off valve, backflow preventer, and methods of operating the same
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5558503A (en) 1996-09-24
WO1994000690A1 (en) 1994-01-06
EP0648315A1 (en) 1995-04-19
DK0648315T3 (en) 1997-06-30
DE59305650D1 (en) 1997-04-10
DE4221192A1 (en) 1994-01-05

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