EP0639844A1 - Méthode et dispositif pour disconnexion électrique - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour disconnexion électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0639844A1
EP0639844A1 EP94112677A EP94112677A EP0639844A1 EP 0639844 A1 EP0639844 A1 EP 0639844A1 EP 94112677 A EP94112677 A EP 94112677A EP 94112677 A EP94112677 A EP 94112677A EP 0639844 A1 EP0639844 A1 EP 0639844A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
separating device
contact
pieces
accumulator
explosive charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94112677A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0639844B1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Becker
Günter Loske
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ingenieurbuero fur Elektrotechnik und Elektronik Juergen Becker
Original Assignee
Ingenieurbuero fur Elektrotechnik und Elektronik Juergen Becker
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19934328174 external-priority patent/DE4328174A1/de
Priority claimed from DE9401486U external-priority patent/DE9401486U1/de
Application filed by Ingenieurbuero fur Elektrotechnik und Elektronik Juergen Becker filed Critical Ingenieurbuero fur Elektrotechnik und Elektronik Juergen Becker
Publication of EP0639844A1 publication Critical patent/EP0639844A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0639844B1 publication Critical patent/EP0639844B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the electrical separation of a rechargeable battery from an electrical circuit connected by means of connecting lines to its positive and negative poles. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method for electrical separation.
  • Accumulators i.e. batteries or electrical energy storage devices
  • Intensive work is being done on the use of batteries as an energy source for vehicles, so-called electric cars.
  • Accumulators work on the basis of lead, nickel cadmium, nickel hydride, sodium sulfur and the like.
  • Short circuit currents can be between 2000 and 5000 A. Such short-circuit currents can cause devastating damage.
  • the relevant safety regulations meanwhile also require the battery to be disconnected from the connected consumers in the event of a malfunction, at least in the event of an accident, so that the amounts of energy released cannot cause any damage.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a method for the electrical separation of a rechargeable battery from an electrical circuit which can be carried out simply and without bulky, heavy and expensive components and nevertheless safely. Furthermore, the invention is intended to provide a device for carrying out the method.
  • a method for the electrical separation of an accumulator from an electrical circuit connected with connecting lines to its positive and negative poles is specified, at least one of the connecting lines connected to the positive and negative poles of the accumulator being blown up due to a pulse.
  • the device side is provided an apparatus for performing the method for achieving the object, which has at least one, is arranged on at least one of connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery leads explosive charge, a arranged in the region of the explosive charge detonator and connections for activation of the igniter.
  • the connecting line connected to the positive pole of the accumulator is blown up. This will create Short-circuit currents safely excluded. It is advantageously stated that the explosive pulse is emitted on the basis of a parameter monitored by measurement when the parameter reaches a preset value. The method is advantageously carried out automatically.
  • static or kinetic parameters can be used as monitored parameters, such as are detected by monitoring units already present in vehicles.
  • the monitoring unit of an airbag can deliver corresponding parameters which essentially represent acceleration parameters and, as a result of an accident, exceed the preset values and can thus cause an ignition pulse to be emitted.
  • Temperature can also be used as a parameter to be monitored.
  • the heat released by the switching unit when the flow of current is too great for example in the event of an overload or short circuit on the accumulator, can be used as parameters.
  • Other acceleration or deceleration values are also suitable for parameter monitoring when using the method according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention can be made very small. It is not susceptible to faults and can be manufactured inexpensively. Depending on the explosive used, the device according to the invention can be miniaturized. It is advantageously stated that the device for disconnecting is arranged on the connecting line in the region of the positive pole of the accumulator. It is advantageously stated that the device comprises a control device for the delivery of pulses. This control device can be used for parameter monitoring and ignition pulse delivery. The explosive charge, the detonator and the connections for activating the detonator are advantageously arranged in one housing.
  • the device according to the invention has an electrically conductive bolt which is arranged in the connecting line on the positive pole of an accumulator.
  • the explosive charge is advantageously arranged on the bolt. This ensures that a defined explosive effect is guaranteed by the use of predetermined separating and separating agents.
  • the device according to the invention for using the method according to the invention can be miniaturized and is inexpensive and easy to manufacture. It can be used safely and easily. Furthermore, the device according to the invention can be easily integrated into the electronics or electrics of an existing vehicle. By blowing up the connecting cable, short-circuit currents are completely avoided and consequential damage is excluded.
  • the at least one connecting line has two connecting pieces which are electrically insulated from one another, which are electrically connected by an electrical contact element which can be moved away by an explosion of at least one of the connecting pieces, and that the explosive charge is arranged on one side of the contact element.
  • This simple construction consisting of two connecting pieces, which are electrically connected by an electrical contact element which can be displaced by the detonation or can be moved away from at least one of the connecting pieces, makes the separating element very economical to produce.
  • the arrangement of the explosive charge on one side of the contact element ensures that it is moved away from at least one of the connecting pieces.
  • the connecting pieces are pipe pieces which, according to a further proposal of the invention, are at least partially electrically conductive. It is therefore possible to use electrically conductive pipe pieces or pipe sleeves made, for example, of metal, but it is also possible to use plastic pipe pieces which are at least partially electrically conductive due to inclusions and / or linings. According to a further proposal of the invention, an insulating washer is arranged between the two pieces of pipe. This allows the pipe sections to be brought to a defined distance from one another and are nevertheless electrically insulated.
  • the contact element in the tube interior is used to bridge the insulating washer. This measure will Contact element inside the pipe as in a guide and the electrical connection is made by bridging the insulating washer between the two pieces of pipe.
  • the explosive charge be arranged on the end of one of the pipe sections opposite the insulating disk. In the event of an explosion, this measure has the effect that the contact element is moved away from this pipe section and in the direction of the other pipe section.
  • the contact element is a bolt.
  • a bolt of different design can advantageously establish an electrical connection between the two pipe pieces or pipe sleeves serving as connecting pieces.
  • the outside diameter of the bolt essentially corresponds to the inside diameter of the pipe sections.
  • contact surfaces are arranged between the bolt and the tube pieces, which are formed in a particularly advantageous manner by contact lamellae. On the one hand, this guarantees a secure electrical connection, and on the other hand, if the bolt is securely seated in the contact position, the bolt can be easily moved by the explosion.
  • a compressed gas generator is advantageously used as the explosive charge.
  • a vent hole is advantageously arranged on the pipe section provided with the explosive charge. In this way, after blasting and displacement of the bolt serving as the contact element, the excess pressure in the interior of the pipe section can be reduced. Since spark discharges take place in a known manner between the high-voltage or high-current carrying connections, an insulation element is used between the explosive charge and the contact element according to a further proposal of the invention. When blasting has taken place, the insulation element is moved to the position of the contact element, so that spark is extinguished automatically. According to an advantageous proposal of the invention, the insulation element is a bolt.
  • a connection for the battery is arranged on one of the pipe sections, and advantageously a connection for a consumer on the other pipe section.
  • circuits with accumulators are connected in such a way that a line leading from the positive pole is brought to the circuit directly or after a distributor, while the connection to the negative pole is established via a common ground rail, ground line or a ground region.
  • the separating device can advantageously be arranged, the pipe section being fastened to the pole with the connection for the battery, while the connection for the consumer is, for example, a plug pin or threaded bolt to which the line leading to the circuit is connected.
  • the individual parts forming the separating device are arranged in a housing.
  • the explosive charge on the pipe section facing away from the battery.
  • the device according to the invention can be created in a simple and miniaturized design. It is economical and reliable.
  • the device is also reusable, since after the connection pieces have been reconnected by the contact element and an explosive charge has been rearranged, the device can be used again. The simple exchange of an explosive charge is possible without much assembly effort.
  • Figure 1 shows the basic structure of a circuit 1, in which an accumulator 2 is arranged as an energy source.
  • the accumulator 2 has a positive pole 3 and a negative pole 4, to which the connecting lines 5, 6 of the circuit 1 are connected.
  • the connecting lines 5, 6 lead to a consumer circuit 7.
  • the consumer or consumers of electrical energy are connected in the consumer circuit.
  • the connecting line 5 can comprise a fuse 8 in a known manner.
  • the device 9 according to the invention for electrically separating the battery 2 from the connected circuit is arranged in the region of the positive pole 3 of the battery 2.
  • the separating device 9 is arranged in a housing 10, into which insulating bushings 11 lead. In the area of the insulating bushings 11, connecting bolts 12 are arranged. The connecting line 5 from the electrical circuit to the positive pole 3 of the accumulator 2 is connected to the connecting bolts 12.
  • the separating device 9 comprises a bolt 13, which represents a defined electrical conductor. If the separating device 9 is inserted via the connection bolts 12 into the connection line 5 from the positive pole 3 of the accumulator 2 to the consumer circuit 7, the electrical conduction of the electrical energy from the accumulator 2 to the consumer circuit 7 is ensured by the bolt 13.
  • An explosive charge 14 is arranged on the bolt 13, on which in turn an igniter 15 is arranged. The igniter 15 has activation connections 16.
  • An ignition pulse is supplied to the igniter 15 via the activation connections 16, which causes the explosive charge 1 to explode in a manner known per se.
  • the bolt 13 is then cut in a defined manner. Since the housing 10 is made of metal or an explosion-proof plastic, the explosion is harmless. Since the bolt 13 is severed in a defined manner by the ignition of the explosive charge 14, the electrical line is safely cut through from the positive pole 3 of the accumulator 2 to the consumer circuit 7.
  • the separating device 9 can, for example, act directly on a connecting line without an electrically conductive bolt 13 having to be placed in between.
  • the separating device can be easily retrofitted by arranging the explosive charge on a line and enclosing the device in a housing. Retrofitting is of course also possible by separating the connecting line and connecting to an embodiment as shown.
  • the ignition pulse can be a pulse present directly in the other monitoring devices of the vehicle, it can also be emitted by a control circuit, not shown, which is provided specifically for operating the disconnecting device 9 as a result of a separate parameter monitoring.
  • the separating device 9 shown in FIG. 3 comprises a housing 10 which is essentially a cylindrical housing which is open at both ends and is additionally provided with slots on one side.
  • the connecting tube sleeves 17 and 18 are inserted, between which an insulating washer 19 is arranged.
  • the connecting tube sleeves 17 and 18 are thus electrically insulated from one another.
  • a battery connection 20 is arranged on the connecting tube sleeve 17 and extends through the cylindrical housing 10 at a slot provided for this purpose.
  • a corresponding consumer connection 21 is arranged on the connecting tube sleeve 18, which in the exemplary embodiment is a connecting threaded bolt.
  • the cylindrical housing 10 is closed at both ends by means of screw covers 22 and 23, the screw cover 22 having a through hole for pressure equalization, and the screw cover 23 having a through hole for the ignition connection of the detonating element.
  • a vent hole 24 arranged between the two ends is provided in the connecting tube sleeve 18.
  • Both connection tube sleeves are electrical by means of Contact pin 25 connected, which is provided for this purpose as contact surfaces at both ends with contact blades 26.
  • contact sockets 27 are also arranged at the contact points in the connecting tube sleeves.
  • the connecting tube sleeves 17 and 18 are thus electrically connected to one another by means of the contact pin 25, so that a current flow from the battery connection 20 via the connecting tube sleeve 17, the contact socket 27, the contact plates 26, the contact pin 25, the contact plates 26, the contact socket 27, the connecting tube sleeve 18 up to the consumer connection 21 is possible.
  • the explosive element 28 consisting of explosive charge and detonator
  • the connection 29 of the detonating element 28 projects through the screw cap 23 and can be connected to a corresponding ignition line.
  • An insulating bolt 30, for example made of plastic, is arranged between the explosive element 28 and the contact bolt 25.
  • the detonating element 28 is ignited and causes the contact bolt 25 to be displaced in the opposite direction from the explosive charge until the contact bolt 25 has completely left the connecting tube sleeve 18.
  • the air pressure building up in front of the contact pin in the feed direction can escape through the through hole in the screw cap 22.
  • a spark discharge can easily occur between the contact sockets or contact surfaces.
  • the insulating bolt 30 has taken the place of the contact bolt due to the detonating element, the space for such a spark discharge is closed.
  • the separating device 9 can then be easily put back into the operating state by unscrewing the screw caps 22 and 23, replacing the detonating element 28 and pushing the contact bolts 25 or insulating bolts 30 back into their starting position. Then the screw caps 22 and 23 are screwed on again and the separating device 9 is again in its original operating state.

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EP94112677A 1993-08-21 1994-08-13 Dispositif pour disconnexion électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0639844B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934328174 DE4328174A1 (de) 1993-08-21 1993-08-21 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Trennung
DE4328174 1993-08-21
DE9401486U DE9401486U1 (de) 1994-01-29 1994-01-29 Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Trennung
DE9401486U 1994-01-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0639844A1 true EP0639844A1 (fr) 1995-02-22
EP0639844B1 EP0639844B1 (fr) 1997-07-16

Family

ID=25928818

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94112677A Expired - Lifetime EP0639844B1 (fr) 1993-08-21 1994-08-13 Dispositif pour disconnexion électrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0639844B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59403366D1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0753908A1 (fr) * 1995-07-13 1997-01-15 Societe Anonyme Dite: Carrier Kheops Bac Dispositif commutateur électrique de sécurité pour véhicule
WO1999033079A1 (fr) * 1997-12-20 1999-07-01 Leoni Bordnetz-Systeme Gmbh & Co Kg Coupe-circuit electrique
FR2775539A1 (fr) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-03 Renault Dispositif disjoncteur pour vehicule automobile
EP0791942A3 (fr) * 1996-02-21 2000-07-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Circuit électrique pour véhicule à moteur
FR2963475A1 (fr) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-03 Michelin Soc Tech Dispositif de connexion d'une batterie a un vehicule electrique ou hybride, et coffre a batterie comprenant ledit dispositif de connexion.
CN103052525A (zh) * 2010-08-02 2013-04-17 米其林集团总公司 包含控制单元的连接装置、包含此连接装置的电池箱以及控制此电池箱的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB559923A (en) * 1942-09-18 1944-03-10 Oldham & Son Ltd Improvements in and relating to electrical cut outs
EP0133632A1 (fr) * 1983-08-09 1985-03-06 S & C ELECTRIC COMPANY Interrupteur électrique à grande vitesse de plusieurs circuits
US4691085A (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-09-01 S&C Electric Company High voltage interrupting switch with improved contact connection arrangement and method
FR2616958A1 (fr) * 1987-06-22 1988-12-23 Sercy Michel Borne interrupteur en cas de choc pour batterie de vehicule

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB559923A (en) * 1942-09-18 1944-03-10 Oldham & Son Ltd Improvements in and relating to electrical cut outs
EP0133632A1 (fr) * 1983-08-09 1985-03-06 S & C ELECTRIC COMPANY Interrupteur électrique à grande vitesse de plusieurs circuits
US4691085A (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-09-01 S&C Electric Company High voltage interrupting switch with improved contact connection arrangement and method
FR2616958A1 (fr) * 1987-06-22 1988-12-23 Sercy Michel Borne interrupteur en cas de choc pour batterie de vehicule

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0753908A1 (fr) * 1995-07-13 1997-01-15 Societe Anonyme Dite: Carrier Kheops Bac Dispositif commutateur électrique de sécurité pour véhicule
FR2736760A1 (fr) * 1995-07-13 1997-01-17 Carrier Kheops Bac Dispositif commutateur electrique de securite pour vehicule
EP0791942A3 (fr) * 1996-02-21 2000-07-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Circuit électrique pour véhicule à moteur
WO1999033079A1 (fr) * 1997-12-20 1999-07-01 Leoni Bordnetz-Systeme Gmbh & Co Kg Coupe-circuit electrique
US6492747B1 (en) 1997-12-20 2002-12-10 Leoni Bordnetz-Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg Electric fuse
FR2775539A1 (fr) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-03 Renault Dispositif disjoncteur pour vehicule automobile
FR2963475A1 (fr) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-03 Michelin Soc Tech Dispositif de connexion d'une batterie a un vehicule electrique ou hybride, et coffre a batterie comprenant ledit dispositif de connexion.
WO2012016949A1 (fr) 2010-08-02 2012-02-09 Societe De Technologie Michelin Dispositif de connexion d'une batterie à un véhicule électrique ou hybride, et coffre à batterie comprenant ledit dispositif de connexion.
CN103052525A (zh) * 2010-08-02 2013-04-17 米其林集团总公司 包含控制单元的连接装置、包含此连接装置的电池箱以及控制此电池箱的方法
CN103069529A (zh) * 2010-08-02 2013-04-24 米其林集团总公司 用于将电池连接至电动或混合动力车辆的装置及包括所述连接装置的电池外壳
US9132734B2 (en) 2010-08-02 2015-09-15 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Connection device comprising a control unit, battery case comprising such a connection device and method for controlling such a battery case
CN103052525B (zh) * 2010-08-02 2016-01-06 米其林集团总公司 包含控制单元的连接装置、包含此连接装置的电池箱以及控制此电池箱的方法
CN103069529B (zh) * 2010-08-02 2016-09-07 米其林集团总公司 用于将电池连接至电动或混合动力车辆的装置及包括所述连接装置的电池外壳
US9461454B2 (en) 2010-08-02 2016-10-04 Compagnie Generale Des Establissements Michelin Device for connecting a battery to an electric or hybrid vehicle, and battery housing comprising said connection device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0639844B1 (fr) 1997-07-16
DE59403366D1 (de) 1997-08-21

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