EP0638658B1 - Acier martensitique à l'azote à faible teneur en carbone et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents
Acier martensitique à l'azote à faible teneur en carbone et son procédé de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0638658B1 EP0638658B1 EP94401751A EP94401751A EP0638658B1 EP 0638658 B1 EP0638658 B1 EP 0638658B1 EP 94401751 A EP94401751 A EP 94401751A EP 94401751 A EP94401751 A EP 94401751A EP 0638658 B1 EP0638658 B1 EP 0638658B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- steel
- nitrogen
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a martensitic stainless steel with nitrogen and low carbon as well as its manufacturing process.
- the vanadium content is between 0.20 and 0.70%.
- a martensitic stainless steel is obtained with high purity nitrogen with high hardness (HRC ⁇ 58 after treatment thermal) and having a fine structure (grade ES 2299 W).
- HRC ⁇ 58 after treatment thermal high hardness
- grade ES 2299 W fine structure
- the nitrogen content is understood between 0.18 and 0.23% by weight.
- the carbon content is between 0.30 and 0.60% by weight.
- the carbon + nitrogen content is between 0.55 and 0.80% by weight.
- the size of the carbides is less than or equal to 40 ⁇ m.
- Another object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a steel stainless martensitic with nitrogen and low carbon content, comprising in particular steps for preparing a metal bath, for refining this bath by steel in the liquid state, casting of steel into ingots and processing thermomechanics of solidified ingots, characterized in that the content of carbon in liquid steel up to values between 0.30 and 0.60% of the total weight of the steel and add a quantity of nitrogen such that it does not exceed not the solubility limit of the latter in liquid steel.
- the total content of carbon and nitrogen at a value between 0.50 and 0 85% of the weight of the steel.
- the nitrogen is introduced under gas form in liquid steel by bubbling.
- nitrogen is introduced in the form solid by nitrided charges.
- the partial pressure of nitrogen exerted above the liquid steel at a value less than or equal to 1 bar.
- thermomechanical heat treatment including a step of pre-heating to an austenitization temperature between 1020 ° C and 1070 ° C followed by quenching and then a tempering cycle between 130 ° C and 180 ° C for 2 hours.
- thermomechanical after transformation thermomechanical, we carry out a heat treatment of the ingots comprising a step of heating prior to a temperature austenitization between 1070 ° C and 1120 ° C followed by quenching then a double tempering cycle between 500 ° C and 525 ° C for 2 hours.
- cryogenic treatment it is carried out after quenching and before tempering, cryogenic treatment at -80 ° C.
- Yet another object of the invention lies in the use of the previous steel to make mechanical parts, bearings ball, surgical tools, or intended for the chemical industries, food for the transformation of plastics.
- the steel of the invention has a low concentration of coarse carbides and also offers the possibility of being treated with tempering temperatures of up to 500 ° C to present a hardness greater than or equal to 58 HRC to allow the realization thermochemical and / or thermophysical surface treatments and employment in mechanical elements working up to approximately 450 ° C.
- the chromium content has been fixed between 14 and 17% by weight and molybdenum at a value of 1-2.5% by weight. Their action is enhanced by the presence of nitrogen.
- the purpose of adding vanadium to less than 1% by weight is to limit softening during income and promote secondary hardening necessary to obtain a high hardness when this treatment is carried out towards 500 ° C.
- the balance between all of the constituents was determined by so as to limit the residual austenite content to a value of less than 10% by volume to meet the concerns of manufacturers, especially bearings, guarantee a very good repeatability of response to heat treatments as well that a great structural stability and, consequently, dimensional.
- composition of the steel of the invention is thus adjusted within the following limits (the% being by weight): Silicon ⁇ 0.50% Manganese ⁇ 0.70% Nickel ⁇ 0.50% Chromium 14-17% Molybdenum 1.00-2.50% Vanadium 0.20-less than 1% or better 0.20-0.70% and preferably 0.2 to 0.6% Nitrogen 0.15-0.24% or better 0.18-0.23% Carbon + nitrogen 0.50-0.85% or better 0.55-0.80% and preferably carbon 0.30 - 0.60
- the balance is made up of iron and conventional residues linked to the mode of elaboration.
- Figure 3 symbolizes an ingot transformed into a billet with location of the five sampling zones used for chemical analyzes, the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- ESR Electro Slag Remelting reflow Preparation in an electric oven and remelting under slag by consumable electrode (ESR Electro Slag Remelting reflow) are conducted under controlled conditions.
- the ingots obtained are healthy, without shrinkage or puffiness.
- Hot processing operations were carried out according to processes identical to those usually carried out with steels from the same family.
- the ingots were transformed into 150 x 135 mm billets then into diameter bars 90 mm, 24 mm and 14 mm.
- Annealing treatments are then performed on all diameters, according to the ranges provided.
- the manufacturing controls are then carried out from the as described below.
- the chemical composition is checked on the billet from representative samples from various areas of the initial ingot (see Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 3).
- the hardness noted on the diameters of 90 mm, of 24 mm and 14 mm is homogeneous.
- Austenitization has always been followed by oil quenching and a cryogenic treatment at -75 / -80 ° C before tempering, in order to to eliminate as much as possible the residual austenite. Voluntarily studying tempering temperatures was limited to two temperature zones reduced corresponding to two areas of steel use:
- Double cycle tempering of 500-525 ° C / 2 h this tempering allows considering the use of steel up to service temperatures of 450 ° C and makes it possible to carry out thermochemical and / or thermophysical treatments requiring processing temperatures up to 500 ° C.
- the size of the carbides observed on both ends of bars with a diameter of 90 mm reaches 35 ⁇ m for the coarsest, in the case of casting A and 40 ⁇ m in the case of casting B.
- Figures 1 and 2 show the micrographic structures of steel from casting B, respectively at x100 and x500 magnification. This structure was photographed at mid-radius after treatment thermal first comprising a step at 1050 ° C for 30 min at oil, then at -80 ° C for 2 h and finally at 180 ° C for 2 h in air.
- the toughness was determined on the steel of casting B, having the least favorable structure, after treatment with double tempering at 500-525 ° C.
- the values of K1C (critical stress coefficient) obtained are as follows: 22 to 25 MPa.m 1/2 .
- K1C critical stress coefficient
- HRC hardness ⁇ 58 was obtained by heat treatment with tempering at 130-180 ° C. The trials were conducted in parallel in the same conditions with the reference steel 1% carbon - 17% chromium - 0.5% molybdenum treated for HRC ⁇ 58 by quenching and tempering 150 ° C.
- Reference steel pitting with some "spots" of corrosion products around the pitting (level 8).
- Casting B no trace of corrosion (level 10).
- Potentiokinetic electrochemical test in non-medium chloride This test takes place in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid at 1% by weight, deaerated by bubbling argon.
- the test tube of the steel to be tested is polarized for 15 min at 550 mV relative to the potential of the saturated calomel electrode (E.C.S.). Then it is done a round trip potentiokinetic scan between -550 and +500 mV / DHW with a scanning speed of 60 mV / min.
- Casting B I ⁇ 20 ⁇ A / cm 2 (i.e. at the measurement threshold).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
Selon encore une autre caractéristique, de préférence, la taille des carbures est inférieure ou égale à 40µm.
Silicium | ≤0,50% |
Manganèse | ≤ 0,70% |
Nickel | ≤ 0,50% |
Chrome | 14-17% |
Molybdène | 1,00-2,50% |
Vanadium | 0,20-moins de 1% ou mieux 0,20-0,70 % et de préférence de 0,2 à 0,6% |
Azote | 0,15-0,24% ou mieux 0,18-0,23% |
Carbone + azote | 0,50-0,85% ou mieux 0,55-0,80% |
et de préférence carbone | 0,30 - 0,60 |
- passage dans un four à arc puis dans un convertisseur A.O.D (Argon Oxygène Decarburizing).
- passage dans un four à arc puis dans un convertisseur A.O.D. et refusion sous laitier au four à électrode consommable
- passage dans un four à induction puis refusion sous laitier au four à électrode consommable.
Acier de référence : I = 520 µA/cm2
Analyse chimique en diverses positions du lingot refondu, transformé en billette 150 x 135 mm | ||||||
COULEE A | ||||||
Eléments | Composition nominale visée (%) | Composition obtenue (%) | ||||
Tête | MT | Milieu | MP | Pied | ||
C | 0,45 | 0,435 | 0,435 | 0,436 | 0,434 | 0,436 |
Si | 0,275 | 0,278 | 0,28 | 0,275 | 0,269 | |
Mn | 0,495 | 0,494 | 0,49 | 0,49 | 0,495 | |
S | 0,0015 | 0,0015 | 0,3001 | 0,0014 | 0,0013 | |
P | 0,012 | 0,012 | 0,013 | 0,012 | 0,012 | |
Ni | 0,132 | 0,136 | 0,135 | 0,136 | 0,134 | |
Cr | 15,5 | 15,27 | 15,34 | 15,35 | 15,38 | 15,41 |
Mo | 1,8 | 1,72 | 1,73 | 1,72 | 1,71 | 1,71 |
V | 0,3 | 0,255 | 0,258 | 0,263 | 0,26 | 0,26 |
N2 | 0,18 | 0,172 | 0,172 | 0,178 | 0,177 | 0,18 |
C+N | 0,607 | 0,607 | 0,614 | 0,611 | 0,616 |
Analyse chimique en diverses positions du lingot refondu, transformé en billette 150 x 135 mm | ||||||
COULEE B | ||||||
Eléments | Composition nominale visée (%) | Composition obtenue (%) | ||||
Tête | MT | Milieu | MP | Pied | ||
C | 0,55 | 0,548 | 0,548 | 0,549 | 0,549 | 0,548 |
Si | 0,235 | 0,216 | 0,224 | 0,216 | 0,216 | |
Mn | 0,485 | 0,482 | 0,48 | 0,479 | 0,479 | |
S | 0,0012 | 0,0013 | 0,0018 | 0,0012 | 0,0013 | |
P | 0,010 | 0,010 | 0,010 | 0,010 | 0,010 | |
Ni | 0,157 | 0,160 | 0,160 | 0,157 | 0,158 | |
Cr | 15,5 | 15,08 | 15,25 | 15,26 | 15,48 | 15,35 |
Mo | 1,8 | 1,70 | 1,71 | 1,72 | 1,74 | 1,72 |
V | 0,5 | 0,460 | 0,465 | 0,47 | 0,479 | 0,471 |
N2 | 0,22 | 0,210 | 0,218 | 0,217 | 0,220 | 0,217 |
C+N | 0,758 | 0,766 | 0,766 | 0,769 | 0,765 |
Claims (16)
- Acier inoxydable martensitique comprenant:a - de 0,5 à 0,85% en poids de carbone + azoteb - de 0,15 à 0,24% en poids d'azotec - de 0 à 0,50% en poids de siliciumd - de 0 à 0,70% en poids de manganèsee - de 0 à 0,50% en poids de nickelf - de 14 à 17% en poids de chromeg - de 1 à 2,5% en poids de molybdèneh - de 0,20 à moins de 1% en poids de vanadium
- Acier selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en vanadium est comprise entre 0,20 et 0,70%.
- Acier selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en azote est comprise entre 0,18 et 0,23% en poids.
- Acier selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en carbone est comprise entre 0,30 et 0,60% en poids.
- Acier selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en carbone + azote est comprise entre 0,55 et 0,80% en poids.
- Acier selon l'une des revendication précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la taille des carbures est inférieure ou égale à 40µm.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un acier inoxydable martensitique à l'azote et à faible teneur en carbone comprenant notamment des étapes de préparation d'un bain métallique, d'affinage de ce bain en acier à l'état liquide, de coulée de l'acier en lingots et de transformation thermomécanique des lingots solidifiés, caractérisé en ce qu'on abaisse la teneur en carbone dans l'acier liquide jusqu'à des valeurs comprises entre 0,30 et 0,60% du poids total de l'acier et on y ajoute une quantité d'azote telle que l'on ne dépasse pas la limite de solubilité de celui-ci dans l'acier liquide.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'on ajuste la teneur totale en carbone et en azote à une valeur comprise entre 0,50 et 0,85% du poids de l'acier.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on limite la teneur en austénite résiduelle à une valeur inférieure à 10% en volume.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit l'azote sous forme gazeuse dans l'acier liquide par bullage.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit l'azote sous forme solide par charges nitrurées.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'on maintient la pression partielle d'azote au-dessus de l'acier liquide à une valeur inférieure ou égale à 1 bar.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue après transformation thermomécanique un traitement thermique comprenant une étape de chauffage préalable à une température d'austénisation, comprise entre 1020°C et 1070°C suivie d'une trempe puis d'un cycle de revenu entre 130°C et 180°C pendant 2 heures.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue après transformation thermomécanique un traitement thermique comprenant une étape de chauffage préalable à une température d'austénisation comprise entre 1070°C et 1120°C suivie d'une trempe puis d'un double cycle de revenu entre 500°C et 525°C pendant 2 heures.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue, après la trempe et avant revenu, un traitement cryogénique à -80° C.
- Utilisation d'un acier selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, pour réaliser des pièces mécaniques, des roulements à billes, des outils chirurgicaux, ou destinés aux industries chimiques, agroalimentaires ou bien à la transformation des matières plastiques.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9309858A FR2708939B1 (fr) | 1993-08-11 | 1993-08-11 | Acier martensitique à l'azote à faible teneur en carbone et son procédé de fabrication. |
FR9309858 | 1993-08-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0638658A1 EP0638658A1 (fr) | 1995-02-15 |
EP0638658B1 true EP0638658B1 (fr) | 1998-09-30 |
Family
ID=9450117
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94401751A Expired - Lifetime EP0638658B1 (fr) | 1993-08-11 | 1994-07-29 | Acier martensitique à l'azote à faible teneur en carbone et son procédé de fabrication |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0638658B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE171731T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69413632T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0638658T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2123735T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2708939B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT401387B (de) * | 1994-06-29 | 1996-08-26 | Boehler Ybbstalwerke | Korrosionsbeständige legierung und verfahren zur herstellung korrosionsbeständiger schneidwaren |
AT402224B (de) * | 1994-11-04 | 1997-03-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | Verwendung einer eisenbasislegierung sowie plungerkolben und kolbenring |
AT405193B (de) * | 1995-01-16 | 1999-06-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | Verwendung einer chromhältigen, martensitischen eisenbasislegierung für kunststofformen |
JP2000337389A (ja) | 1999-03-19 | 2000-12-05 | Nsk Ltd | 転がり軸受 |
JP4441947B2 (ja) | 1999-05-20 | 2010-03-31 | 日本精工株式会社 | 転がり軸受 |
DE19924515A1 (de) * | 1999-05-28 | 2000-11-30 | Edelstahl Witten Krefeld Gmbh | Sprühkompaktierter Stahl, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Verbundwerkstoff |
US6273973B1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-08-14 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Steelmaking process |
JP4724275B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-17 | 2011-07-13 | 株式会社リケン | 耐スカッフィング性、耐クラッキング性及び耐疲労性に優れたピストンリング及びその製造方法 |
AT413195B (de) | 2000-10-24 | 2005-12-15 | Boehler Edelstahl | Verfahren zur herstellung zylindrischer hohlkörper und verwendung derselben |
SE526805C8 (sv) * | 2004-03-26 | 2006-09-12 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Stållegering |
DE102004051629B4 (de) * | 2004-10-23 | 2006-08-24 | Stahlwerk Ergste Westig Gmbh | Rostfreier martensitischer Chromstahl |
JP5368887B2 (ja) | 2008-09-01 | 2013-12-18 | ミネベア株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼および転がり軸受 |
WO2016174500A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | Aperam | Acier inoxydable martensitique, procédé de fabrication d'un demi-produit en cet acier et outil de coupe réalisé à partir de ce demi-produit |
JP2019196530A (ja) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-14 | 株式会社デンソー | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼 |
CN115109891B (zh) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-12-20 | 中北大学 | 一种高碳高铬含氮马氏体不锈钢及其碳化物细化方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB741935A (en) * | 1952-08-22 | 1955-12-14 | Hadfields Ltd | Improvements in alloy steels |
FR1140573A (fr) * | 1956-01-25 | 1957-07-29 | Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd | Aciers ferritiques au chrome |
US3165400A (en) * | 1961-06-27 | 1965-01-12 | Chrysler Corp | Castable heat resisting iron alloy |
FR2178319A5 (fr) * | 1972-03-28 | 1973-11-09 | Ugine Aciers | Nouvelles applications d'aciers a haute frequence |
DE3901470C1 (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1990-08-09 | Vereinigte Schmiedewerke Gmbh, 4630 Bochum, De | Cold-working steel and its use |
-
1993
- 1993-08-11 FR FR9309858A patent/FR2708939B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-07-29 ES ES94401751T patent/ES2123735T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-29 AT AT94401751T patent/ATE171731T1/de active
- 1994-07-29 DK DK94401751T patent/DK0638658T3/da active
- 1994-07-29 DE DE69413632T patent/DE69413632T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-29 EP EP94401751A patent/EP0638658B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69413632T2 (de) | 1999-05-12 |
FR2708939A1 (fr) | 1995-02-17 |
DK0638658T3 (da) | 1999-06-21 |
ATE171731T1 (de) | 1998-10-15 |
DE69413632D1 (de) | 1998-11-05 |
FR2708939B1 (fr) | 1995-11-03 |
EP0638658A1 (fr) | 1995-02-15 |
ES2123735T3 (es) | 1999-01-16 |
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