EP0626034B1 - Installation motrice a vapeur - Google Patents

Installation motrice a vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0626034B1
EP0626034B1 EP93903159A EP93903159A EP0626034B1 EP 0626034 B1 EP0626034 B1 EP 0626034B1 EP 93903159 A EP93903159 A EP 93903159A EP 93903159 A EP93903159 A EP 93903159A EP 0626034 B1 EP0626034 B1 EP 0626034B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power plant
steam power
working medium
boiling point
coolant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93903159A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0626034A1 (fr
Inventor
Doris Bankhamer
Alfred Bankhamer
Gerhard Zeman
Helmut Seyr
Albrecht Epple
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BANKHAMER, ALFRED
BANKHAMER, DORIS
EPPLE Albrecht
SEYR Helmut
Zeman Gerhard
Original Assignee
SEYR Helmut
Zeman Gerhard
EPPLE Albrecht
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEYR Helmut, Zeman Gerhard, EPPLE Albrecht filed Critical SEYR Helmut
Publication of EP0626034A1 publication Critical patent/EP0626034A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0626034B1 publication Critical patent/EP0626034B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
    • F01K21/005—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of liquid and steam or evaporation of a liquid by expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids

Definitions

  • a relaxation machine which is operated with a heated liquid working fluid from a mixture of two substances with different boiling points, for example water and hydraulic oil.
  • the two substances are mixed before entering the relaxation machine. After relaxation, they are run in separate circuits.
  • a Condenser in the circuit of the substance with the higher boiling point a heat exchanger to heat the substance.
  • the invention aims to significantly improve the efficiency of a steam power plant.
  • the working fluid in which the liquid working fluid heated in a pressure vessel is fed back to the pressure vessel via a relaxation machine for giving off energy and a condenser in a closed circuit, the working fluid consists of a mixture of at least two substances which have different boiling points at the same pressure exhibit.
  • the pressure of the liquid working fluid is reduced to such an extent that the substance with the lower boiling point essentially evaporates, while the substance with the higher boiling point essentially forms droplets.
  • a likewise closed opposing coolant circuit in which the gaseous coolant is liquefied with a heat pump, the liquid coolant is cooled with a heat exchanger and the cooled liquid coolant is evaporated and expanded, the condenser in the circuit of the working medium with the relaxed, cooled gaseous coolant is cooled.
  • a working medium which is a mixture of at least two substances which are the same Pressure have different boiling points.
  • the heated, liquid working medium under pressure in the pressure vessel is so relaxed when it passes through an expansion machine that it partially evaporates.
  • the substance with the low boiling point is essentially evaporated, while the substance with the higher boiling point essentially changes into fine mist droplets, that is to say remains in the liquid state.
  • These mist droplets initially have a temperature that approximately corresponds to the high temperature of the working medium in the pressure vessel. Due to their high temperature, the mist droplets keep the vapor from the material with the low boiling point in a highly overheated state. The heat of the droplets of the substance with the high boiling point is thus converted into working energy in the relaxation machine.
  • the substance of the working medium with the higher boiling point remains largely liquid, it being converted into hot mist droplets when it enters the expansion machine.
  • the steam from the material with the lower boiling point, which cools down during relaxation in the relaxation machine, is kept permanently in the hot steam area by the hot fog droplets, since the fog droplets have to give up their heat to the steam.
  • the substances which form the working medium according to the invention must be such that they mix well with one another.
  • ammonia and water, low-boiling alcohols, such as methyl alcohol, and water or carbon dioxide and water are suitable as such two-substance mixtures.
  • the working medium i.e. a mixture of a substance with a low boiling point, such as ammonia, and a substance with a high boiling point, such as water
  • a pressure vessel 1 can e.g. B. heated with the help of a solar system.
  • a pressure compensation vessel with a gas cushion 2 connected to the top of the pressure vessel 1 ensures that the desired pressure is maintained.
  • the pressure vessel 1 can also be heated, for example, with environmental heat or waste heat.
  • the pressurized, heated working fluid in the pressure vessel 1 is fed to a relaxation machine 4, that is to say a steam engine, such as a steam turbine, which drives an electric generator 5.
  • a relaxation machine 4 that is to say a steam engine, such as a steam turbine, which drives an electric generator 5.
  • the energy released during the expansion of the superheated steam portion of the working medium is converted into a rotary movement which is used to drive the electrical generator 5.
  • the mist emerging from the throttle valve 3 with the hot droplets of the substance with the higher boiling point causes the relaxation machine 4 during the entire relaxation process an overheating of the steam from the material with the low boiling point, whereby the whole work process takes place in the superheated steam area and thus a high efficiency is achieved.
  • the end of the expansion process i.e.
  • the working medium consisting of cooled steam and mist droplets is fed to a condenser 6, in which the steam-mist mixture cooled by the expansion is completely liquefied and, via a condensate pump 7, the pressure vessel 1 for heating again is fed.
  • the liquefaction of the working medium in the condenser 6 has the great advantage that only the heat of vaporization of the vapor portion, that is to say the substance with the low boiling point, has to be recooled for condensation, while the substance with the higher boiling point is already present in the form of mist droplets, is already fluid.
  • a coolant circuit with a heat pump is used for heat recovery in order to generate a lower temperature level, so that the condensation of the working fluid is ensured.
  • the evaporator 8 of the heat pump is arranged in the condenser 6 for the working fluid and extracts the heat of condensation from the vaporous portion of the working fluid.
  • the compressor 9 With the compressor 9, the coolant of the heat pump is liquefied and heated.
  • the cooling of the coolant heated by the pump 9 takes place in a heat exchanger 10 by means of the working medium liquefied in the condenser 6.
  • the coolant of the heat pump gives the condensation heat of the working fluid, which has been extracted in the condenser 6 with the evaporator 8 and which has been pumped up with the heat pump, to that with the Condensate pump 7 pumped liquid working fluid, which is thereby preheated. In this way, the energy extracted with the coolant from the heat of condensation is returned to the working medium before it enters the pressure vessel 1.
  • the liquid coolant cooled with the heat exchanger 10 is evaporated and expanded, as a result of which it cools further and is able to extract the required heat of condensation from the working medium.
  • a throttle valve 12 is connected into the coolant circuit following the heat exchanger 10.
  • the coolant vapor is expanded via a relaxation machine 13, as a result of which almost all of the energy introduced into the system, insofar as it has not been consumed by useful energy generation, remains in the system, apart from radiant heat and insulation losses.
  • the energy for operating the compressor 9 of the heat pump and for operating the condensate pump 7 can also be applied by the system.
  • the working medium is a mixture of at least two substances with different boiling points, the substance with the higher boiling point in the mixture being essentially not evaporated during expansion in the expansion machine 4, but in Form of mist droplets is present, while the part of the mixture of the substance with the lower boiling point essentially evaporates and this steam portion continuously absorbs heat energy from the mist droplets during the relaxation and thus remains in the superheated steam area.
  • the heat of condensation that arises when the steam portion is condensed in the condenser 6 is first removed by means of a heat pump and returned to the working medium via the heat exchanger 10 after the condensate pump 7 before it enters the pressure vessel 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Installation motrice à vapeur dans lequel le fluide actif chauffé est amené à une machine de détente (4), le fluide actif étant constitué par un mélange d'au moins deux substances qui présentent des points d'ébullition différents pour une même pression, caractérisée en ce que le fluide actif est amené, en tant que mélange d'au moins les deux substances, à un autoclave (1) par l'intermédiaire d'un condensateur (6) en circuit fermé et en ce qu'il est prévu un circuit de refroidissement fermé contraire, le condensateur (6) étant refroidi dans le circuit du fluide actif avec l'agent refroidisseur gazeux refroidi détentu.
  2. Installation motrice à vapeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que pour abaisser la pression du fluide actif par évaporation de la substance dont le point d'ébullition est bas et par formation de gouttelettes de la substance dont le point d'ébullition est plus élevé, une soupape de modération (3) est montée en amont de la machine de détente (4).
  3. Installation motrice à vapeur selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que le fluide actif liquéfié dans le condensateur (6) est réchauffé par l'intermédiaire de l'échangeur de chaleur (10) dans le circuit refroidisseur et est amené à l'autoclave (1).
  4. Installation motrice à vapeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un réservoir d'égalisation de pression avec un gaz coussin (2) est raccordé à l'autoclave (1).
  5. Installation motrice à vapeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu dans le circuit du fluide actif une pompe d'extraction de condensats (7) entre le condensateur (6) et l'échangeur de chaleur (10).
  6. Installation motrice à vapeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu une soupape de modération (12) pour évaporer l'agent refroidisseur refroidi dans l'échangeur de chaleur (10).
  7. Installation motrice à vapeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu une machine de détente (13) pour détendre l'agent refroidisseur refroidi dans l'échangeur de chaleur (10).
  8. Installation motrice à vapeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le fluide actif est formé par un mélange d'ammoniaque et d'eau, d'alcool à point d'ébullition bas et d'eau ou de gaz carbonique et d'eau.
  9. Installation motrice à vapeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'agent refroidisseur est formé par une substance qui présente un point d'ébullition qui correspond au point d'ébullition de la substance du fluide actif dont le point d'ébullition est bas.
  10. Installation motrice à vapeur selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que l'agent refroidisseur est formé par la substance du fluide actif dont le point d'ébullition est bas.
  11. Installation motrice à vapeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'agent refroidisseur est de l'ammoniaque.
  12. Installation motrice à vapeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'autoclave (1) est chauffé grâce à de la chaleur écologique, de la chaleur d'échappement ou de l'énergie solaire.
EP93903159A 1992-02-13 1993-02-10 Installation motrice a vapeur Expired - Lifetime EP0626034B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT237/92 1992-02-13
AT23792 1992-02-13
PCT/DE1993/000113 WO1993016271A1 (fr) 1992-02-13 1993-02-10 Installation motrice a vapeur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0626034A1 EP0626034A1 (fr) 1994-11-30
EP0626034B1 true EP0626034B1 (fr) 1996-05-01

Family

ID=3485193

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93903159A Expired - Lifetime EP0626034B1 (fr) 1992-02-13 1993-02-10 Installation motrice a vapeur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0626034B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07508327A (fr)
AT (1) ATE137563T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2117465A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59302452D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993016271A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7278264B2 (en) * 2005-03-31 2007-10-09 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process to convert low grade heat source into power using dense fluid expander
BE1017812A5 (fr) * 2008-01-09 2009-07-07 Cohen Albert Moteur pendulaire.
JP5847387B2 (ja) * 2010-10-08 2016-01-20 白川 利久 能動的復水器
CN109059342B (zh) * 2018-06-21 2020-08-04 冰轮环境技术股份有限公司 低温制冷与高温供热综合供给系统
GB2581770B (en) * 2019-01-14 2023-01-18 Gas Expansion Motors Ltd Engine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE691549C (de) * 1937-06-16 1940-05-30 Emile Franciskus Johannes Mari Kraftanlage mit einer mittels Dampf niedriger Verdampfungstemperatur getriebenen Turbine
GB703979A (en) * 1952-10-02 1954-02-10 Henry Gordon Turnell Improvements in steam power installations
US3879949A (en) * 1972-11-29 1975-04-29 Biphase Engines Inc Two-phase engine
EP0165962A1 (fr) * 1983-12-22 1986-01-02 LIPOVETZ, Ivan Systeme pour la conversion d'energie thermique, en particulier pour utiliser l'energie thermique de l'environnement
CA1323991C (fr) * 1989-08-18 1993-11-09 Thomas C. Edwards Procede d'approximation du cycle de carnot et appareil connexe pouvant servir de modele pour un moteur thermique, une machine frigorifique ou une pompe a chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1993016271A1 (fr) 1993-08-19
ATE137563T1 (de) 1996-05-15
CA2117465A1 (fr) 1993-08-19
EP0626034A1 (fr) 1994-11-30
DE59302452D1 (de) 1996-06-05
JPH07508327A (ja) 1995-09-14

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