EP0626034B1 - Steam power plant - Google Patents
Steam power plant Download PDFInfo
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- EP0626034B1 EP0626034B1 EP93903159A EP93903159A EP0626034B1 EP 0626034 B1 EP0626034 B1 EP 0626034B1 EP 93903159 A EP93903159 A EP 93903159A EP 93903159 A EP93903159 A EP 93903159A EP 0626034 B1 EP0626034 B1 EP 0626034B1
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- Prior art keywords
- power plant
- steam power
- working medium
- boiling point
- coolant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/005—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of liquid and steam or evaporation of a liquid by expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
Definitions
- a relaxation machine which is operated with a heated liquid working fluid from a mixture of two substances with different boiling points, for example water and hydraulic oil.
- the two substances are mixed before entering the relaxation machine. After relaxation, they are run in separate circuits.
- a Condenser in the circuit of the substance with the higher boiling point a heat exchanger to heat the substance.
- the invention aims to significantly improve the efficiency of a steam power plant.
- the working fluid in which the liquid working fluid heated in a pressure vessel is fed back to the pressure vessel via a relaxation machine for giving off energy and a condenser in a closed circuit, the working fluid consists of a mixture of at least two substances which have different boiling points at the same pressure exhibit.
- the pressure of the liquid working fluid is reduced to such an extent that the substance with the lower boiling point essentially evaporates, while the substance with the higher boiling point essentially forms droplets.
- a likewise closed opposing coolant circuit in which the gaseous coolant is liquefied with a heat pump, the liquid coolant is cooled with a heat exchanger and the cooled liquid coolant is evaporated and expanded, the condenser in the circuit of the working medium with the relaxed, cooled gaseous coolant is cooled.
- a working medium which is a mixture of at least two substances which are the same Pressure have different boiling points.
- the heated, liquid working medium under pressure in the pressure vessel is so relaxed when it passes through an expansion machine that it partially evaporates.
- the substance with the low boiling point is essentially evaporated, while the substance with the higher boiling point essentially changes into fine mist droplets, that is to say remains in the liquid state.
- These mist droplets initially have a temperature that approximately corresponds to the high temperature of the working medium in the pressure vessel. Due to their high temperature, the mist droplets keep the vapor from the material with the low boiling point in a highly overheated state. The heat of the droplets of the substance with the high boiling point is thus converted into working energy in the relaxation machine.
- the substance of the working medium with the higher boiling point remains largely liquid, it being converted into hot mist droplets when it enters the expansion machine.
- the steam from the material with the lower boiling point, which cools down during relaxation in the relaxation machine, is kept permanently in the hot steam area by the hot fog droplets, since the fog droplets have to give up their heat to the steam.
- the substances which form the working medium according to the invention must be such that they mix well with one another.
- ammonia and water, low-boiling alcohols, such as methyl alcohol, and water or carbon dioxide and water are suitable as such two-substance mixtures.
- the working medium i.e. a mixture of a substance with a low boiling point, such as ammonia, and a substance with a high boiling point, such as water
- a pressure vessel 1 can e.g. B. heated with the help of a solar system.
- a pressure compensation vessel with a gas cushion 2 connected to the top of the pressure vessel 1 ensures that the desired pressure is maintained.
- the pressure vessel 1 can also be heated, for example, with environmental heat or waste heat.
- the pressurized, heated working fluid in the pressure vessel 1 is fed to a relaxation machine 4, that is to say a steam engine, such as a steam turbine, which drives an electric generator 5.
- a relaxation machine 4 that is to say a steam engine, such as a steam turbine, which drives an electric generator 5.
- the energy released during the expansion of the superheated steam portion of the working medium is converted into a rotary movement which is used to drive the electrical generator 5.
- the mist emerging from the throttle valve 3 with the hot droplets of the substance with the higher boiling point causes the relaxation machine 4 during the entire relaxation process an overheating of the steam from the material with the low boiling point, whereby the whole work process takes place in the superheated steam area and thus a high efficiency is achieved.
- the end of the expansion process i.e.
- the working medium consisting of cooled steam and mist droplets is fed to a condenser 6, in which the steam-mist mixture cooled by the expansion is completely liquefied and, via a condensate pump 7, the pressure vessel 1 for heating again is fed.
- the liquefaction of the working medium in the condenser 6 has the great advantage that only the heat of vaporization of the vapor portion, that is to say the substance with the low boiling point, has to be recooled for condensation, while the substance with the higher boiling point is already present in the form of mist droplets, is already fluid.
- a coolant circuit with a heat pump is used for heat recovery in order to generate a lower temperature level, so that the condensation of the working fluid is ensured.
- the evaporator 8 of the heat pump is arranged in the condenser 6 for the working fluid and extracts the heat of condensation from the vaporous portion of the working fluid.
- the compressor 9 With the compressor 9, the coolant of the heat pump is liquefied and heated.
- the cooling of the coolant heated by the pump 9 takes place in a heat exchanger 10 by means of the working medium liquefied in the condenser 6.
- the coolant of the heat pump gives the condensation heat of the working fluid, which has been extracted in the condenser 6 with the evaporator 8 and which has been pumped up with the heat pump, to that with the Condensate pump 7 pumped liquid working fluid, which is thereby preheated. In this way, the energy extracted with the coolant from the heat of condensation is returned to the working medium before it enters the pressure vessel 1.
- the liquid coolant cooled with the heat exchanger 10 is evaporated and expanded, as a result of which it cools further and is able to extract the required heat of condensation from the working medium.
- a throttle valve 12 is connected into the coolant circuit following the heat exchanger 10.
- the coolant vapor is expanded via a relaxation machine 13, as a result of which almost all of the energy introduced into the system, insofar as it has not been consumed by useful energy generation, remains in the system, apart from radiant heat and insulation losses.
- the energy for operating the compressor 9 of the heat pump and for operating the condensate pump 7 can also be applied by the system.
- the working medium is a mixture of at least two substances with different boiling points, the substance with the higher boiling point in the mixture being essentially not evaporated during expansion in the expansion machine 4, but in Form of mist droplets is present, while the part of the mixture of the substance with the lower boiling point essentially evaporates and this steam portion continuously absorbs heat energy from the mist droplets during the relaxation and thus remains in the superheated steam area.
- the heat of condensation that arises when the steam portion is condensed in the condenser 6 is first removed by means of a heat pump and returned to the working medium via the heat exchanger 10 after the condensate pump 7 before it enters the pressure vessel 1.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die bekannten Dampfkraftanlagen, die praktisch ausschließlich mit Wasserdampf betrieben werden, und zwar mit überhitztem Dampf oder Heißdampf, haben den großen Nachteil, daß der im allgemeinen nur wenig überhitzte Heißdampf in der Entspannungsmaschine bald in Sattdampf und dann in Naßdampf übergeht, wodurch der Wirkungsgrad in der Energiegewinnung nicht sehr hoch ist.The known steam power plants, which are operated practically exclusively with steam, namely with superheated steam or superheated steam, have the major disadvantage that the superheated steam, which is generally only slightly overheated, soon changes into saturated steam and then into wet steam, so that the efficiency in the Energy generation is not very high.
Weiters wird bei einem geschlossenen System die ganze Kondensationswärme ungenutzt abgegeben, während bei einem offenen System der austretende Dampf noch einen Teil seiner Energie an das zu erhitzende Arbeitsmittel zur Vorerwärmung abgeben kann. Diese Systeme haben dadurch bei niedrigen Temperaturgefällen und niedrigen Temperaturen einen äußerst schlechten Wirkungsgrad.Furthermore, all the heat of condensation is released unused in a closed system, while in an open system the escaping steam can still give off part of its energy to the work equipment to be heated for preheating. As a result, these systems have extremely poor efficiency at low temperature gradients and low temperatures.
Aus US-A-3,879,949 ist eine Entspannungsmaschine bekannt, die mit einem erhitzten flüssigen Arbeitsmittel aus einem Gemisch aus zwei Stoffen mit unterschiedlichen Siedepunkten betrieben wird, beispielsweise Wasser und Hydrauliköl. Die beiden Stoffe werden vor Eintritt in die Entspannungsmaschine vermischt. Nach der Entspannung werden sie in getrennten Kreisläufen geführt. Im Kreislauf des Stoffs mit dem niedrigeren Siedepunkt, der in der Entspanungsmaschine verdampft, befindet sich ein Kondensator, im Kreislauf des Stoffs mit dem höheren Siedepunkt ein Wärmetauscher, um den Stoff zu erwärmen.From US-A-3,879,949 a relaxation machine is known which is operated with a heated liquid working fluid from a mixture of two substances with different boiling points, for example water and hydraulic oil. The two substances are mixed before entering the relaxation machine. After relaxation, they are run in separate circuits. In the cycle of the substance with the lower boiling point that evaporates in the chip removal machine, there is a Condenser, in the circuit of the substance with the higher boiling point a heat exchanger to heat the substance.
Die Erfindung setzt sich zum Ziel, den Wirkungsgrad einer Dampfkraftanlage wesentlich zu verbessern.The invention aims to significantly improve the efficiency of a steam power plant.
Dies wird erfindungsgemäß mit der im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Dampfkraftanlage erreicht. In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung wiedergegeben.This is achieved according to the invention with the steam power plant characterized in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the subclaims.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kraftanlage, bei der das in einem Druckkessel erhitzte flüssige Arbeitsmittel über eine Entspannungsmaschine zur Energieabgabe und einem Kondensator in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf dem Druckkessel wieder zugeführt wird, besteht also das Arbeitsmittel aus einem Gemisch aus wenigstens zwei Stoffen, die bei gleichem Druck unterschiedliche Siedepunkte aufweisen. Der Druck des flüssigen Arbeitsmittels wird beim Durchtritt durch die Entspannungsmaschine soweit herabgesetzt, daß der Stoff mit dem niedrigeren Siedepunkt im wesentlichen verdampft, während der Stoff mit dem höheren Siedepunkt im wesentlichen Tröpfchen bildet. Ferner ist ein ebenfalls geschlossener gegenläufiger Kühlmittelkreislauf vorgesehen, in dem das gasförmige Kühlmittel mit einer Wärmepumpe verflüssigt wird, das flüssige Kühlmittel mit einem Wärmetauscher gekühlt und das gekühlte flüssige Kühlmittel verdampft und entspannt wird, wobei mit dem entspannten gekühlten gasförmigen Kühlmittel der Kondensator im Kreislauf des Arbeitsmittels gekühlt wird.In the power plant according to the invention, in which the liquid working fluid heated in a pressure vessel is fed back to the pressure vessel via a relaxation machine for giving off energy and a condenser in a closed circuit, the working fluid consists of a mixture of at least two substances which have different boiling points at the same pressure exhibit. When passing through the expansion machine, the pressure of the liquid working fluid is reduced to such an extent that the substance with the lower boiling point essentially evaporates, while the substance with the higher boiling point essentially forms droplets. Furthermore, a likewise closed opposing coolant circuit is provided, in which the gaseous coolant is liquefied with a heat pump, the liquid coolant is cooled with a heat exchanger and the cooled liquid coolant is evaporated and expanded, the condenser in the circuit of the working medium with the relaxed, cooled gaseous coolant is cooled.
Nach der Erfindung wird also ein Arbeitsmittel verwendet, das ein Gemisch von wenigstens zwei Stoffen ist, die bei gleichem Druck unterschiedliche Siedepunkte besitzen. Das in dem Druckkessel unter Druck stehende, erhitzte, flüssige Arbeitsmittel wird beim Durchtritt durch eine Entspannungsmaschine so entspannt, daß es zum Teil verdampft. D. h., es wird im wesentlichen der Stoff mit dem niedrigen Siedepunkt verdampft, während der Stoff mit dem höheren Siedepunkt im wesentlichen in feine Nebeltröpfchen übergeht, also im flüssigen Zustand verbleibt. Diese Nebeltröpfchen weisen zunächst eine Temperatur auf, die annähernd der hohen Temperatur des Arbeitsmittels im Druckkessel entspricht. Durch ihre hohe Temperatur halten die Nebeltröpfchen den Dampf aus dem Stoff mit dem niedrigen Siedepunkt in einem stark überhitzten Zustand. Die Wärme der Tröpfchen des Stoffs mit dem hohen Siedepunkt wird also in der Entspannungsmaschine in Arbeitsenergie umgesetzt. Mit anderen Worten, bei der erfindungsgemäßen Dampfkraftanlage bleibt der Stoff des Arbeitsmittels mit dem höheren Siedepunkt großteils flüssig, wobei er bei Eintritt in die Entspannungsmaschine in heiße Nebeltröpfchen übergeführt wird. Der sich bei der Entspannung in der Entspannungsmaschine abkühlende Dampf aus dem Stoff mit dem niedrigeren Siedepunkt wird durch die heißen Nebeltröpfchen dauernd im Heißdampfbereich gehalten, da die Nebeltröpfchen ihre Wärme an den Dampf abgeben müssen.According to the invention, therefore, a working medium is used which is a mixture of at least two substances which are the same Pressure have different boiling points. The heated, liquid working medium under pressure in the pressure vessel is so relaxed when it passes through an expansion machine that it partially evaporates. In other words, the substance with the low boiling point is essentially evaporated, while the substance with the higher boiling point essentially changes into fine mist droplets, that is to say remains in the liquid state. These mist droplets initially have a temperature that approximately corresponds to the high temperature of the working medium in the pressure vessel. Due to their high temperature, the mist droplets keep the vapor from the material with the low boiling point in a highly overheated state. The heat of the droplets of the substance with the high boiling point is thus converted into working energy in the relaxation machine. In other words, in the steam power plant according to the invention, the substance of the working medium with the higher boiling point remains largely liquid, it being converted into hot mist droplets when it enters the expansion machine. The steam from the material with the lower boiling point, which cools down during relaxation in the relaxation machine, is kept permanently in the hot steam area by the hot fog droplets, since the fog droplets have to give up their heat to the steam.
Damit braucht bei der Kondensation des Arbeitsmittels im Kondensator nur der Anteil des verdampften Stoffes mit dem niedrigeren Siedepunkt rückgekühlt zu werden. Die im Kondensator durch Kondensation des Dampfes erzeugte Kondensationswärme wird mit Hilfe einer Wärmepumpe abgeführt.This means that only the portion of the vaporized material with the lower boiling point needs to be recooled during the condensation of the working medium in the condenser. The heat of condensation generated in the condenser by condensation of the steam is dissipated with the help of a heat pump.
Die Stoffe, die erfindungsgemäß das Arbeitsmittel bilden, müssen so beschaffen sein, daß sie sich gut miteinander mischen. So sind beispielsweise Ammoniak und Wasser, niedrigsiedende Alkohole, wie Methylalkohol, und Wasser oder Kohlendioxid und Wasser als derartige Zweistoffgemische geeignet.The substances which form the working medium according to the invention must be such that they mix well with one another. For example, ammonia and water, low-boiling alcohols, such as methyl alcohol, and water or carbon dioxide and water are suitable as such two-substance mixtures.
Nachstehend ist eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Dampfkraftanlage anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, deren einzige Figur schematisch einen Schnitt durch die Anlage zeigt.An embodiment of the steam power plant according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, the single figure of which schematically shows a section through the plant.
Danach wird das Arbeitsmittel, also ein Gemisch aus einem Stoff mit einem niedrigen Siedepunkt, wie Ammoniak, und ein Stoff mit einem hohen Siedepunkt, wie Wasser, im flüssigen Zustand einem Druckkessel 1 zugeführt, und darin so erhitzt, daß es unter Druck flüssig oder zumindest flüssigkeitsähnlich bleibt. Der Druckkessel 1 kann z. B. mit Hilfe einer Solaranlage beheizt werden. Ein oben an den Druckkessel 1 angeschlossenes Druckausgleichsgefäß mit einem Gaspolster 2 sorgt für die Aufrechterhaltung des gewünschten Drucks.Thereafter, the working medium, i.e. a mixture of a substance with a low boiling point, such as ammonia, and a substance with a high boiling point, such as water, is fed in a liquid state to a pressure vessel 1, and is heated therein so that it is liquid or at least pressurized remains liquid-like. The pressure vessel 1 can e.g. B. heated with the help of a solar system. A pressure compensation vessel with a gas cushion 2 connected to the top of the pressure vessel 1 ensures that the desired pressure is maintained.
Der Druckkessel 1 kann neben Solarenergie beispielsweise auch mit Umweltwärme oder Abwärme beheizt werden.In addition to solar energy, the pressure vessel 1 can also be heated, for example, with environmental heat or waste heat.
Das unter Druck stehende, erhitzte Arbeitsmittel im Druckkessel 1 wird einer Entspannungsmaschine 4, also einer Dampfkraftmaschine, wie einer Dampfturbine, zugeführt, welche einen elektrischen Generator 5 antreibt.The pressurized, heated working fluid in the pressure vessel 1 is fed to a
Um den gewünschten Druck zu erhalten, so daß in der Maschine 4 ein Arbeitsmittel erzeugt wird, in dem der Stoff mit dem niedrigen Siedepunkt im wesentlichen verdampft ist, während der Stoff mit dem höheren Siedepunkt im wesentlichen in Nebeltröpfchen übergeführt worden ist, passiert das noch flüssige Stoffgemisch ein Drosselventil 3.In order to obtain the desired pressure so that a working medium is generated in the
In der Entspannungsmaschine 4 wird die bei der Entspannung des überhitzten Dampfanteils des Arbeitsmittels freiwerdende Energie in eine Drehbewegung umgesetzt, die zum Antrieb des elektrischen Generators 5 verwendet wird. D. h., der aus dem Drosselventil 3 austretende Nebel mit den heißen Tröpfchen aus dem Stoff mit dem höheren Siedepunkt bewirkt während des ganzen Entspannungsprozesses in der Entspannungsmaschine 4 eine Überhitzung des Dampfes aus dem Stoff mit dem niedrigen Siedepunkt, wodurch der ganze Arbeitsprozeß im Heißdampfbereich erfolgt und somit ein hoher Wirkungsgrad entsteht. Am Ende des Entspannungsprozesses, also nach Verlassen der Entspannungsmaschine 4, wird das aus abgekühltem Dampf und Nebeltröpfchen bestehende Arbeitsmittel einem Kondensator 6 zugeführt, in dem das durch die Entspannung abgekühlte Dampf-Nebelgemisch zur Gänze verflüssigt und über eine Kondensatpumpe 7 dem Druckkessel 1 zur Erhitzung wieder zugeführt wird.In the
Bei der Verflüssigung des Arbeitsmittels im Kondensator 6 ergibt sich der große Vorteil, daß nur die Verdampfungswärme des Dampf-Anteils, also des Stoffes mit dem niedrigen Siedepunkt zur Kondensation rückgekühlt werden muß, während der Stoff mit dem höheren Siedepunkt bereits in Form von Nebeltröpfchen vorliegt, also schon flüssig ist.The liquefaction of the working medium in the condenser 6 has the great advantage that only the heat of vaporization of the vapor portion, that is to say the substance with the low boiling point, has to be recooled for condensation, while the substance with the higher boiling point is already present in the form of mist droplets, is already fluid.
Um zu vermeiden, daß die Kondensationswärme des dampfförmigen Anteils des Arbeitsmittels verlorengeht, wird zur Wärmerückgewinnung ein Kühlmittelkreislauf mit einer Wärmepumpe eingesetzt, um ein tieferes Temperaturniveau zu erzeugen, so daß die Kondensation des Arbeitsmittels gewährleistet wird.In order to avoid that the heat of condensation of the vaporous portion of the working fluid is lost, a coolant circuit with a heat pump is used for heat recovery in order to generate a lower temperature level, so that the condensation of the working fluid is ensured.
Der Verdampfer 8 der Wärmepumpe ist dabei in dem Kondensator 6 für das Arbeitsmittel angeordnet und entzieht dort dem dampfförmigen Anteil des Arbeitsmittels die Kondensationswärme. Mit dem Kompressor 9 wird das Kühlmittel der Wärmepumpe verflüssigt und erhitzt.The
Die Abkühlung des durch die Pumpe 9 erhitzten Kühlmittels erfolgt in einem Wärmetauscher 10 durch das im Kondensator 6 verflüssigte Arbeitsmittel. Dabei gibt das Kühlmittel der Wärmepumpe die im Kondensator 6 mit dem Verdampfer 8 entzogene Kondensationswärme des Arbeitsmittels, die mit der Wärmepumpe hochgepumpt worden ist, an das mit der Kondensatpumpe 7 gepumpte flüssige Arbeitsmittel ab, das dadurch vorerwärmt wird. Auf diese Weise wird also die mit dem Kühlmittel aus der Kondensationswärme entzogene Energie wieder in das Arbeitsmittel vor dessen Eintritt in den Druckkessel 1 zurückgeführt.The cooling of the coolant heated by the
Das mit dem Wärmetauscher 10 gekühlte flüssige Kühlmittel wird verdampft und entspannt, wodurch es sich weiter abkühlt und in der Lage ist, dem Arbeitsmittel die erforderliche Kondensationswärme zu entziehen. Um den richtigen Druck, die richtigen Temperatur- und somit richtigen Rückkühlungsenergieübergänge zu schaffen, ist dazu im Anschluß an den Wärmetauscher 10 ein Drosselventil 12 in den Kühlmittelkreislauf geschaltet.The liquid coolant cooled with the
Um keine Energie zu verlieren, erfolgt die Entspannung des Kühlmitteldampfes über eine Entspannungsmaschine 13, wodurch nahezu die gesamte in die Anlage eingebrachte Energie, soweit sie nicht durch Nutz-Energieerzeugung verbraucht wurde, im System bleibt, abgesehen von Abstrahlungswärme und Isolationsverlusten. Auch die Energie zum Betrieb des Kompressors 9 der Wärmepumpe und zum Betrieb der Kondensatpumpe 7 kann durch die Anlage aufgebracht werden.In order not to lose any energy, the coolant vapor is expanded via a relaxation machine 13, as a result of which almost all of the energy introduced into the system, insofar as it has not been consumed by useful energy generation, remains in the system, apart from radiant heat and insulation losses. The energy for operating the
Durch Verwendung von sehr tiefsiedenden Mehrstoffkomponenten kann mit der erfindungsgemäßen Dampfkraftanlage auch noch bei sehr tiefen Temperaturen Energie erzeugt werden.By using very low-boiling multi-component components, energy can be generated with the steam power plant according to the invention even at very low temperatures.
Man kann z. B. an eine Schiffshaut einen Druckkessel anschließen und dann aus dem Wasser, in dem das Schiff schwimmt, die für die Erwärmung des Arbeitsmittels im Druckkessel erforderliche Energie durch Wärmeaustausch über die Schiffshaut beziehen.You can e.g. B. connect to a ship's hull a pressure vessel and then from the water in which the ship is swimming, the energy required for heating the working fluid in the pressure vessel by heat exchange via the ship's hull.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Dampfkraftanlage kann Umwelt- und Sonnenenergie mit einem relativ hohen Wirkungsgrad in nutzbare mechanische, elektrische oder sonstige Energie umgewandelt werden. Wie vorstehend geschildert, wird dies im wesentlichen dadurch erreicht, daß das Arbeitsmittel ein Gemisch von wenigstens zwei Stoffen mit unterschiedlichen Siedepunkten ist, wobei der Stoff mit dem höheren Siedepunkt in dem Gemisch bei der Entspannung in der Entspannungsmaschine 4 im wesentlichen nicht verdampft wird, sondern in Form von Nebeltröpfchen vorliegt, während der Teil des Gemisches aus dem Stoff mit dem niedrigeren Siedepunkt im wesentlichen verdampft und dieser Dampfanteil während der Entspannung dauernd Wärmeenergie von den Nebeltröpfchen aufnimmt und somit im Heißdampfbereich bleibt.With the steam power plant according to the invention, environmental and solar energy can be converted into usable mechanical, electrical or other energy with a relatively high degree of efficiency being transformed. As described above, this is essentially achieved in that the working medium is a mixture of at least two substances with different boiling points, the substance with the higher boiling point in the mixture being essentially not evaporated during expansion in the
Die Kondensationswärme, die beim Kondensieren des Dampfanteils in dem Kondensator 6 anfällt, wird mittels einer Wärmepumpe zunächst entzogen und über den Wärmetauscher 10 nach der Kondensatpumpe 7 dem Arbeitsmittel vor Eintritt in den Druckkessel 1 wieder zurückgegeben.The heat of condensation that arises when the steam portion is condensed in the condenser 6 is first removed by means of a heat pump and returned to the working medium via the
Damit ergibt sich eine Dampfkraftanlage mit maximaler Energieausbeute bei minimalen Wärmeaufnahmeflächen.This results in a steam power plant with maximum energy yield and minimal heat absorption areas.
Claims (12)
- A steam power plant wherein the heated liquid working medium is fed to an expander machine (4), the working medium consisting of a mixture of at least two substances having different boiling points at the same pressure, characterized in that the working medium is fed as a mixture of the at least two substances to a pressure tank (1) in a closed circuit via a condenser (6), and a closed, opposed coolant circuit is provided, the condenser (6) being cooled with the expanded cooled gaseous coolant in the circuit of the working medium.
- The steam power plant of claim 1, characterized in that a throttle valve (3) precedes the expander machine (4) for reducing the pressure of the liquid working medium with evaporation of the substance with the low boiling point and formation of droplets in the substance with the higher boiling point.
- The steam power plant of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working medium liquefied in the condenser (6) is heated via the heat exchanger (10) in the coolant circuit and fed to the pressure tank (1).
- The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that a surge tank with a gas cushion (2) is connected to the pressure tank (1).
- The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that a condensate pump (7) is provided in the circuit of the working medium between the condenser (6) and the heat exchanger (10).
- The steam power plant of claim 1, characterized in that a throttle valve (12) is provided for evaporating the coolant cooled in the heat exchanger (10).
- The steam power plant of claim 1, characterized in that an expander machine (13) is provided for expanding the coolant cooled in the heat exchanger (10).
- The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that the working medium is formed by a mixture of ammonia and water, an alcohol with a low boiling point and water, or carbon dioxide and water.
- The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that the coolant is formed by a substance having a boiling point that corresponds to the boiling point of the substance of the working medium with the low boiling point.
- The steam power plant of claim 9, characterized in that the coolant is formed by the substance of the working medium with the low boiling point.
- The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that the coolant is ammonia.
- The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that the pressure tank (1) is heated by environmental heat, waste heat or solar energy.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT23792 | 1992-02-13 | ||
| AT237/92 | 1992-02-13 | ||
| PCT/DE1993/000113 WO1993016271A1 (en) | 1992-02-13 | 1993-02-10 | Steam power plant |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0626034A1 EP0626034A1 (en) | 1994-11-30 |
| EP0626034B1 true EP0626034B1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
Family
ID=3485193
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93903159A Expired - Lifetime EP0626034B1 (en) | 1992-02-13 | 1993-02-10 | Steam power plant |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0626034B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07508327A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE137563T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2117465A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59302452D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993016271A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7278264B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2007-10-09 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process to convert low grade heat source into power using dense fluid expander |
| BE1017812A5 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-07 | Cohen Albert | Thermodynamic pendular heat engine, has pendulum comprising cylindrical chamber with piston connected to free flywheel, and heat supply positioned at certain distance away from chamber, with extension to turbine engines using phase changes |
| JP5847387B2 (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2016-01-20 | 白川 利久 | Active condenser |
| CN109059342B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2020-08-04 | 冰轮环境技术股份有限公司 | Low-temperature refrigeration and high-temperature heat supply comprehensive supply system |
| GB2581770B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2023-01-18 | Gas Expansion Motors Ltd | Engine |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE691549C (en) * | 1937-06-16 | 1940-05-30 | Emile Franciskus Johannes Mari | Power plant with a turbine driven by steam with a low evaporation temperature |
| GB703979A (en) * | 1952-10-02 | 1954-02-10 | Henry Gordon Turnell | Improvements in steam power installations |
| US3879949A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1975-04-29 | Biphase Engines Inc | Two-phase engine |
| AU3780385A (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-12 | Lipovetz Ivan | System for converting heat energy, particularly for utilizingheat energy of the environment |
| CA1323991C (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1993-11-09 | Thomas C. Edwards | Heat engine, refrigeration and heat pump cycles approximating the carnot cycle and apparatus therefor |
-
1993
- 1993-02-10 AT AT93903159T patent/ATE137563T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-10 DE DE59302452T patent/DE59302452D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-10 CA CA002117465A patent/CA2117465A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-02-10 EP EP93903159A patent/EP0626034B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-10 JP JP5513663A patent/JPH07508327A/en active Pending
- 1993-02-10 WO PCT/DE1993/000113 patent/WO1993016271A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH07508327A (en) | 1995-09-14 |
| EP0626034A1 (en) | 1994-11-30 |
| WO1993016271A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| ATE137563T1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
| CA2117465A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| DE59302452D1 (en) | 1996-06-05 |
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