CA2117465A1 - Steam power plant - Google Patents
Steam power plantInfo
- Publication number
- CA2117465A1 CA2117465A1 CA002117465A CA2117465A CA2117465A1 CA 2117465 A1 CA2117465 A1 CA 2117465A1 CA 002117465 A CA002117465 A CA 002117465A CA 2117465 A CA2117465 A CA 2117465A CA 2117465 A1 CA2117465 A1 CA 2117465A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- working medium
- power plant
- steam power
- boiling point
- coolant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/005—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of liquid and steam or evaporation of a liquid by expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
A steam power plant with high efficiency has a mixture of two substances with different boiling points as its working medium. The working medium is heated in a pressure tank (1) and recycled to the pressure tank (1) in a closed circuit via an expander machine (4) and a condenser (6). In the expander machine (4) the substance with the low boiling point evaporates while the substance with the higher boiling point forms droplets. In an opposed closed circuit a coolant is liquefied with a heat pump, cooled in a heat exchanger (10) and then cools the condenser (6) after expansion. After the condenser (6) the working medium passes through the heat exchanger (10) to be heated.
Description
- FILE. RI~ l THIS AMENPr[l C A 2 1 1 7 4 6 5 T~TRANSLATION
A steam power plant Known steam power plants, which are virtually operated only with steam, more precisely with superheated steam, have the great disadvantage that the steam is generally only slightly superheated so that it soon passes into saturated steam and then into wet steam in the expander machine, re-sulting in rather low efficiency in the generation of en-ergy.
Furthermore, in a closed system the entire condensation heat is released unused, while in an open system the escap-ing steam can release part of its energy to preheat the working medium to be heated. These systems therefore have extremely low efficiency with low temperature gradients and low temperatures.
The invention is based on the problem of substantially improving the efficiency of a steam power plant.
This is attained according to the invention with the steam power plant characterized in claim 1. The subclaims state advantageous embodiments of the invention.
According to the invention a working medium is thus used that is a mixture of at least two substances having different boiling points at the same pressure. The heated, liquid working medium pressurized in the ~Le~ur d tank is p~n~ed when passing through an expander machine so that it partly evaporates. That is, essentially the substance with the low boiling point evaporates while the substance with the higher boiling point essentially passes into fine fog droplets, i.e. remains in the liquid state. These fog drop-lets initially have a temperature that approximately corre-sponds to the high temperature of the working medium in the pressure tank. Due to their high temperature the fog drop-lets keep the steam from the substance with the low boiling point in a greatly superheated state. The heat of the drop-lets of the substance with the high boiling point is thus CA21 1 ~4~5 - 2 -converted into working energy in the expander machine. In other words, the substance of the working medium with the higher boiling point remains largely liquid in the inventive steam power plant, being converted into hot fog droplets when entering the ~Yr~n~r machine. The steam from the sub-stance with the lower boiling point, which cools when ex-panded in the ~Yr~n~r machine, is held continuously in the superheated steam range by the hot fog droplets since the fog droplets must release their heat to the steam.
Thus only the fraction of evaporated substance with the lower boiling point needs to be recooled during condensation of the working medium in the condenser. The condensation heat produced by condensation of the steam in the condenser is removed with the aid of a heat pump.
The substances inventively forming the working medium must be such that they mix well with each other. For example ammonia and water, low-boiling alcohols, such as methyl al-cohol, and water or carbon dioxide and water are suitable as such ~ J .- ~on~nt mixes.
In the following an embodiment of the inventive steam power plant will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, the single figure showing schematically a section through the plant.
The working medium, i.e. a mixture of a substance with a low boiling point, such as ammonia, and a substance with a high boiling point, such as water, is accordingly fed to p,esbuLe tank 1 in the liquid state and heated therein so that it remains liquid or at least similar to liquid under es~ule. Pressure tank 1 can be heated e.g. with the aid of a solar plant. A surge tank with gas cushion 2 connected to the top of ~lebbuLe tank 1 ensures that the desired pressure is maintained.
Pressure tank 1 can also be heated for example with environmental heat or waste heat instead of solar energy.
- ' ~A 2 i 1 74~5 The pressurized, heated working medium in pressure tank 1 is fed to expander machine 4, i.e. a steam engine such as a steam turbine, which drives electric generator 5.
To obtain the desired pressure so as to produce a working medium in machine 4 in which the substance with the low boiling point has essentially evaporated while the sub-stance with the higher boiling point has been converted es-sentially into fog droplets, the mixture passes while still liquid through throttle valve 3.
In PYpAnA~r machine 4 the energy released during ex-pansion of the superheated steam fraction of the working medium is converted into a rotary motion which is used to drive electric generator 5. That is, the fog emerging from throttle valve 3 with the hot droplets from the substance with the higher boiling point causes a superheating of the steam from the substance with the low boiling point during the entire expansion process in expander machine 4, so that the entire working process takes place in the superheated steam range and high efficiency arises. At the end of the expansion process, i.e. after leaving P~pAnA~r machine 4, the working medium comprising cooled steam and fog droplets is fed to condenser 6 in which the steam-fog mixture cooled by expansion is wholly liquefied and recycled via conA~n~Ate pump 7 to pressure tank 1 to be heated.
When the working medium is liquefied in condenser 6 there is the great advantage that only the evaporation heat from the steam fraction, i.e. from the substance with the low boiling point, must be recooled for conA~n~ation while the substance with the higher boiling point already exists in the form of fog droplets, i.e. is already liquid.
To prevent the ~nAenCAtion heat from the vaporous fraction of the working medium from being lost, a coolant circuit with a heat pump is used for ~c~Ling heat in or-der to produce a lower t~ ~uLe level so as to ensure c~nA~n~Ation of the working medium.
CA2~ 1 7465 Evaporator 8 of the heat pump is disposed in condenser 6 for the working medium and removes the condensation heat from the vaporous fraction of the working medium there. The coolant of the heat pump is liquefied and heated with com-pressor 9.
The coolant heated by pump 9 is cooled in heat ex-changer 10 by the working medium liquefied in condenser 6.
The coolant of the heat pump releases the cnn~ncation heat, which was removed from the working medium with evaporator 8 in condenser 6 and pumped up by the heat pump, to the liquid working medium pumped with condensate pump 7, which is thereby preheated. In this way the energy removed from the ~n~nRation heat with the coolant is thus recycled to the working medium before it passes into pressure tank 1.
The liquid coolant cooled with heat exchanger 10 is evaporated and expanded so that it cools further and is in a position to remove the necessary condensation heat from the working medium. To provide the correct ~L~s~uLe, the correct temperature transitions and thus the correct recooling en-ergy transitions, throttle valve 12 is inserted in the coolant circuit following heat ~Y~hAng~r 10.
To prevent loss of energy the expansion of the coolant steam takes place via ~ypAn~er machine 13 so that almost the entire energy introduced into the plant remains in the sys-tem (unless it was consumed by generation of useful energy), apart from radiant heat and insulation losses. The energy for operating compressor 9 of the heat pump and for operat-ing ~on~enRate pump 7 can also be provided by the plant.
By using very low-boiling multi, , ~nt systems one can produce energy with the inventive steam power plant even at very low temperatures.
One can e.g. connect a ~Le~ULe tank to a ship's skin and then procure the energy necessary for heating the work-ing medium in the ~SeS~ULe tank from the water in which the ship is floating by heat exchange via the ship's skin.
The inventive steam power plant can be used to convert environmental and solar energy into useful mechanical, electric or other energy with relatively high efficiency. As described above, this is achieved essentially if the working medium is a mixture of at least two substances with differ-ent boiling points, whereby the substance with the higher boiling point in the mixture is essentially not evaporated during expansion in expander machine 4 but exists in the form of fog droplets, while the part of the mixture from the substance with the lower boiling point essentially evapo-rates and this steam fraction continuously takes up thermal energy from the fog droplets during expansion and thus re-mains in the superheated steam range.
The ~nd~ tion heat arising during con~n~ation of the steam fraction in condenser 6 is first removed by means of a heat pump and recycled to the working medium via heat exchanger 10 after ~n~n~te pump 7 before it passes into pressure tank 1.
This results in a steam power plant with maximal energy output despite minimal heat-absorbing surfaces.
A steam power plant Known steam power plants, which are virtually operated only with steam, more precisely with superheated steam, have the great disadvantage that the steam is generally only slightly superheated so that it soon passes into saturated steam and then into wet steam in the expander machine, re-sulting in rather low efficiency in the generation of en-ergy.
Furthermore, in a closed system the entire condensation heat is released unused, while in an open system the escap-ing steam can release part of its energy to preheat the working medium to be heated. These systems therefore have extremely low efficiency with low temperature gradients and low temperatures.
The invention is based on the problem of substantially improving the efficiency of a steam power plant.
This is attained according to the invention with the steam power plant characterized in claim 1. The subclaims state advantageous embodiments of the invention.
According to the invention a working medium is thus used that is a mixture of at least two substances having different boiling points at the same pressure. The heated, liquid working medium pressurized in the ~Le~ur d tank is p~n~ed when passing through an expander machine so that it partly evaporates. That is, essentially the substance with the low boiling point evaporates while the substance with the higher boiling point essentially passes into fine fog droplets, i.e. remains in the liquid state. These fog drop-lets initially have a temperature that approximately corre-sponds to the high temperature of the working medium in the pressure tank. Due to their high temperature the fog drop-lets keep the steam from the substance with the low boiling point in a greatly superheated state. The heat of the drop-lets of the substance with the high boiling point is thus CA21 1 ~4~5 - 2 -converted into working energy in the expander machine. In other words, the substance of the working medium with the higher boiling point remains largely liquid in the inventive steam power plant, being converted into hot fog droplets when entering the ~Yr~n~r machine. The steam from the sub-stance with the lower boiling point, which cools when ex-panded in the ~Yr~n~r machine, is held continuously in the superheated steam range by the hot fog droplets since the fog droplets must release their heat to the steam.
Thus only the fraction of evaporated substance with the lower boiling point needs to be recooled during condensation of the working medium in the condenser. The condensation heat produced by condensation of the steam in the condenser is removed with the aid of a heat pump.
The substances inventively forming the working medium must be such that they mix well with each other. For example ammonia and water, low-boiling alcohols, such as methyl al-cohol, and water or carbon dioxide and water are suitable as such ~ J .- ~on~nt mixes.
In the following an embodiment of the inventive steam power plant will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, the single figure showing schematically a section through the plant.
The working medium, i.e. a mixture of a substance with a low boiling point, such as ammonia, and a substance with a high boiling point, such as water, is accordingly fed to p,esbuLe tank 1 in the liquid state and heated therein so that it remains liquid or at least similar to liquid under es~ule. Pressure tank 1 can be heated e.g. with the aid of a solar plant. A surge tank with gas cushion 2 connected to the top of ~lebbuLe tank 1 ensures that the desired pressure is maintained.
Pressure tank 1 can also be heated for example with environmental heat or waste heat instead of solar energy.
- ' ~A 2 i 1 74~5 The pressurized, heated working medium in pressure tank 1 is fed to expander machine 4, i.e. a steam engine such as a steam turbine, which drives electric generator 5.
To obtain the desired pressure so as to produce a working medium in machine 4 in which the substance with the low boiling point has essentially evaporated while the sub-stance with the higher boiling point has been converted es-sentially into fog droplets, the mixture passes while still liquid through throttle valve 3.
In PYpAnA~r machine 4 the energy released during ex-pansion of the superheated steam fraction of the working medium is converted into a rotary motion which is used to drive electric generator 5. That is, the fog emerging from throttle valve 3 with the hot droplets from the substance with the higher boiling point causes a superheating of the steam from the substance with the low boiling point during the entire expansion process in expander machine 4, so that the entire working process takes place in the superheated steam range and high efficiency arises. At the end of the expansion process, i.e. after leaving P~pAnA~r machine 4, the working medium comprising cooled steam and fog droplets is fed to condenser 6 in which the steam-fog mixture cooled by expansion is wholly liquefied and recycled via conA~n~Ate pump 7 to pressure tank 1 to be heated.
When the working medium is liquefied in condenser 6 there is the great advantage that only the evaporation heat from the steam fraction, i.e. from the substance with the low boiling point, must be recooled for conA~n~ation while the substance with the higher boiling point already exists in the form of fog droplets, i.e. is already liquid.
To prevent the ~nAenCAtion heat from the vaporous fraction of the working medium from being lost, a coolant circuit with a heat pump is used for ~c~Ling heat in or-der to produce a lower t~ ~uLe level so as to ensure c~nA~n~Ation of the working medium.
CA2~ 1 7465 Evaporator 8 of the heat pump is disposed in condenser 6 for the working medium and removes the condensation heat from the vaporous fraction of the working medium there. The coolant of the heat pump is liquefied and heated with com-pressor 9.
The coolant heated by pump 9 is cooled in heat ex-changer 10 by the working medium liquefied in condenser 6.
The coolant of the heat pump releases the cnn~ncation heat, which was removed from the working medium with evaporator 8 in condenser 6 and pumped up by the heat pump, to the liquid working medium pumped with condensate pump 7, which is thereby preheated. In this way the energy removed from the ~n~nRation heat with the coolant is thus recycled to the working medium before it passes into pressure tank 1.
The liquid coolant cooled with heat exchanger 10 is evaporated and expanded so that it cools further and is in a position to remove the necessary condensation heat from the working medium. To provide the correct ~L~s~uLe, the correct temperature transitions and thus the correct recooling en-ergy transitions, throttle valve 12 is inserted in the coolant circuit following heat ~Y~hAng~r 10.
To prevent loss of energy the expansion of the coolant steam takes place via ~ypAn~er machine 13 so that almost the entire energy introduced into the plant remains in the sys-tem (unless it was consumed by generation of useful energy), apart from radiant heat and insulation losses. The energy for operating compressor 9 of the heat pump and for operat-ing ~on~enRate pump 7 can also be provided by the plant.
By using very low-boiling multi, , ~nt systems one can produce energy with the inventive steam power plant even at very low temperatures.
One can e.g. connect a ~Le~ULe tank to a ship's skin and then procure the energy necessary for heating the work-ing medium in the ~SeS~ULe tank from the water in which the ship is floating by heat exchange via the ship's skin.
The inventive steam power plant can be used to convert environmental and solar energy into useful mechanical, electric or other energy with relatively high efficiency. As described above, this is achieved essentially if the working medium is a mixture of at least two substances with differ-ent boiling points, whereby the substance with the higher boiling point in the mixture is essentially not evaporated during expansion in expander machine 4 but exists in the form of fog droplets, while the part of the mixture from the substance with the lower boiling point essentially evapo-rates and this steam fraction continuously takes up thermal energy from the fog droplets during expansion and thus re-mains in the superheated steam range.
The ~nd~ tion heat arising during con~n~ation of the steam fraction in condenser 6 is first removed by means of a heat pump and recycled to the working medium via heat exchanger 10 after ~n~n~te pump 7 before it passes into pressure tank 1.
This results in a steam power plant with maximal energy output despite minimal heat-absorbing surfaces.
Claims (12)
1. A steam power plant wherein the liquid working medium heated in a pressure tank (1) is recycled in a closed circuit to the pressure tank (1) via an expander machine (4) for energy release and a condenser (6), characterized in that the working medium is a mixture of at least two substances having different boiling points at the sane pressure, the pressure of the liquid working medium is reduced when it passes through the expander machine (4) to an extent such that the substance with the low boiling point essentially evaporates while the substance with the higher boiling point essentially forms droplets, and a likewise closed, opposed coolant circuit is provided in which the gaseous coolant is liquefied with a heat pump (compressor), the liquid coolant cooled with a heat exchanger (10), the cooled liquid coolant evaporated and expanded, and the expanded cooled gaseous coolant used to cool the condenser (6) in the circuit of the working medium.
2. The steam power plant of claim 1, characterized in that a throttle valve (3) precedes the expander machine (4) for reducing the pressure of the liquid working medium with evaporation of the substance with the low boiling point and formation of droplets in the substance with the higher boiling point.
3. The steam power plant of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working medium liquefied in the condenser (6) is heated via the heat exchanger (10) in the coolant circuit and fed to the pressure tank (1).
4. The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that a surge tank with a gas cushion (2) is connected to the pressure tank (1).
5. The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that a condensate pump (7) is provided in the circuit of the working medium between the condenser (6) and the heat exchanger (10).
6. The steam power plant of claim 1, characterized in that a throttle valve (12) is provided for evaporating the coolant cooled in the heat exchanger (10).
7. The steam power plant of claim 1, characterized in that an expander machine (13) is provided for expanding the coolant cooled in the heat exchanger (10).
8. The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that the working medium is formed by a mixture of ammonia and water, an alcohol with a low boiling point and water, or carbon dioxide and water.
9. The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that the coolant is formed by a substance having a boiling point that corresponds to the boiling point of the substance of the working medium with the low boiling point.
10. The steam power plant of claim 9, characterized in that the coolant is formed by the substance of the working medium with the low boiling point.
11. The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that the coolant is ammonia.
12. The steam power plant of any of the above claims, characterized in that the pressure tank (1) is heated by environmental heat, waste heat or solar energy.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT23792 | 1992-02-13 | ||
| AT237/92 | 1992-02-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2117465A1 true CA2117465A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
Family
ID=3485193
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002117465A Abandoned CA2117465A1 (en) | 1992-02-13 | 1993-02-10 | Steam power plant |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0626034B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07508327A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE137563T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2117465A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59302452D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993016271A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7278264B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2007-10-09 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process to convert low grade heat source into power using dense fluid expander |
| BE1017812A5 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-07 | Cohen Albert | Thermodynamic pendular heat engine, has pendulum comprising cylindrical chamber with piston connected to free flywheel, and heat supply positioned at certain distance away from chamber, with extension to turbine engines using phase changes |
| JP5847387B2 (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2016-01-20 | 白川 利久 | Active condenser |
| CN109059342B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2020-08-04 | 冰轮环境技术股份有限公司 | Low-temperature refrigeration and high-temperature heat supply comprehensive supply system |
| GB2581770B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2023-01-18 | Gas Expansion Motors Ltd | Engine |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE691549C (en) * | 1937-06-16 | 1940-05-30 | Emile Franciskus Johannes Mari | Power plant with a turbine driven by steam with a low evaporation temperature |
| GB703979A (en) * | 1952-10-02 | 1954-02-10 | Henry Gordon Turnell | Improvements in steam power installations |
| US3879949A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1975-04-29 | Biphase Engines Inc | Two-phase engine |
| AU3780385A (en) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-12 | Lipovetz Ivan | System for converting heat energy, particularly for utilizingheat energy of the environment |
| CA1323991C (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1993-11-09 | Thomas C. Edwards | Heat engine, refrigeration and heat pump cycles approximating the carnot cycle and apparatus therefor |
-
1993
- 1993-02-10 EP EP93903159A patent/EP0626034B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-10 WO PCT/DE1993/000113 patent/WO1993016271A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-02-10 CA CA002117465A patent/CA2117465A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-02-10 JP JP5513663A patent/JPH07508327A/en active Pending
- 1993-02-10 AT AT93903159T patent/ATE137563T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-10 DE DE59302452T patent/DE59302452D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0626034A1 (en) | 1994-11-30 |
| WO1993016271A1 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| JPH07508327A (en) | 1995-09-14 |
| DE59302452D1 (en) | 1996-06-05 |
| ATE137563T1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
| EP0626034B1 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |