EP0625673A2 - Premixing burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbo group or a combustion plant - Google Patents

Premixing burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbo group or a combustion plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0625673A2
EP0625673A2 EP94105929A EP94105929A EP0625673A2 EP 0625673 A2 EP0625673 A2 EP 0625673A2 EP 94105929 A EP94105929 A EP 94105929A EP 94105929 A EP94105929 A EP 94105929A EP 0625673 A2 EP0625673 A2 EP 0625673A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
premix burner
operating
swirl generator
fuels
burner according
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Granted
Application number
EP94105929A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0625673A3 (en
EP0625673B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Döbbeling
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ABB AG Germany
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ABB Management AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/36—Supply of different fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00002—Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a premix burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or firing system and an associated method which are suitable for the combustion of fuels with very different properties.
  • Premix burners ie burners in which the premixing zone is an integral part of the burner itself and which are characterized by low NO x emissions, are known (EP-A1 0 321 809, 0 521 325).
  • the invention tries to avoid all these disadvantages. It is based on the task of creating a premix burner for the operation of an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or a combustion system and an associated method which have low NO x emissions, in which fuels with very different properties can be burned without problems and the function the burner is also ensured outside the design point or in the event of partial failure.
  • the premix burner consists of a swirl generator, a subsequent convergent part, a constriction for the Add fuel and a diffuser.
  • this is achieved in the method for operating the premix burner in that when operating with fuels which have a high flame speed, the fuels are injected in opposite directions; when operating with fuels that have a low flame speed and a low calorific value, the fuels are injected in the same direction and when operating with liquid or dusty fuel the fuel is injected in the narrowest cross section perpendicular to the flow rate or shortly before the narrowest cross section with a central lance.
  • the advantages of the invention can be seen, inter alia, in the fact that when combusting fuels with very different properties, the mixture is completed before the flame front is reached and the flame cannot return to the place where it was mixed in.
  • the main reaction zone is stabilized purely aerodynamically without touching the burner wall.
  • the function of the burner is also ensured outside of the design point and in the event of partial failure.
  • the burner can also be used in an air or fuel-graded combustion process.
  • the constriction and the diffuser are designed to be rotationally symmetrical, because then secondary flows are avoided and only small turbulences are present before the vortex breakdown.
  • cross-sectional profile is adapted such that flow separation on the wall is not possible.
  • a double cone burner with an adapted slot width and missing is advantageous as a swirl generator Fuel injection or a vane swirl generator used. Swirl generators without hub locking are particularly advantageous because they work almost loss-free and cause a strong axial flow on the axis.
  • premix burner in particular the diffuser
  • the premix burner can be convectively cooled. This ensures safe burner operation even when the flame is applied in the end area of the diffuser.
  • the premix burner shown in FIG. 1 which is used for the combustion of fuels with very different properties, consists of a swirl generator 1, an adjoining convergent part 2, a constriction 3 and a diffuser 4.
  • the convergent part 2, the constriction 3 and the diffuser 4 are designed to be rotationally symmetrical to avoid secondary flows and their cross-sectional shape is adjusted so that the expansion is just so strong that there is no flow separation from the wall.
  • the length of the rotationally symmetrical parts is as short as possible in order to keep the friction losses and the surface that may need to be cooled small. This results in small mixing lengths.
  • the size of the burner can be chosen as long as the Reynolds number in the burner is sufficiently high and under the boundary conditions of the desired thermal output and the desired overall length.
  • a double cone burner with an adapted slot width (without fuel injection) is particularly suitable as swirl generator 1.
  • a guide vane swirl generator or a swirl generator with or without a hub body can also be used as the swirl generator 1.
  • Swirl generators 1 which operate almost without loss and which cause a strong axial flow on the axis are particularly advantageous. This is achieved with swirl generators without a hub lock.
  • the flow rate increases until it has its highest value at the narrow point 3.
  • the narrow point 3 the location of the highest flow velocity, the fuel 9 is mixed in. This ensures that the fuel 9 mixes quickly with the combustion air 10, the mixing is completed before reaching the flame zone and the flame under no circumstances can strike back at the location of fuel mixing.
  • the fuel admission pressure required for mixing is only low.
  • the mixing zone i.e. where the fuel-air mixture is present (premixing section 6, main reaction zone 7), there are no internals, e.g. Swirl generator or flame holder, available. Swirl number changes are possible depending on the fuel 9 without moving parts in the burner. There are also no backflow zones, steps or sudden enlargements of the flame zone, so that good flame stability (low pulsations) is achieved.
  • internals e.g. Swirl generator or flame holder
  • the main reaction zone 7 is stabilized purely aerodynamically by the bursting swirl flow (vortex breakdown 5) without touching the burner wall.
  • the divergent part of the burner is convectively cooled.
  • the combined burner and combustion chamber cooling 8 ensures that safe burner operation is ensured even when the flame is applied in the end region of the diffuser 4.
  • the entire burner can be cooled completely simply by convective cooling, which is why it is also suitable for operation as a stepped burner in an air or fuel-stepped system, e.g. suitable as first, second or third stage.
  • the premix burner is operated with fuels that have a high flame speed (short ignition delay times), the fuels must be injected in opposite directions (Fig. 2). This weakens the Vortex Breakdown 5. If, on the other hand, fuels with a low flame speed and a low calorific value are used, the flame stabilization is improved by injection in the same direction and thus by reinforcing the vortex breakdown 5.
  • the burner When the burner is operated with liquid or dust-like fuel, it is injected with a central lance in the narrowest cross-section, ie at the narrow point 3, perpendicular to the direction of flow or shortly before the narrowest cross-section.
  • the burner is a multi-fuel system, because, as can be seen from FIG. 2, low-calorie fuels 9a, natural gas 9b and hydrogen-containing gases 9c can be used, for example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

In a premixing burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbo group or a combustion plant, which can be used for the combustion of fuels with widely differing properties, a diffusor (4) is arranged downstream of a swirl generator (1), a converging part (2) and a throat (3) for the supply of the fuel (9), the converging part (2), the throat (3) and the diffusor (4) being of rotationally symmetrical design and the cross-sectional shape being adapted in such a way that no flow separation at the wall is possible. <IMAGE>

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Vormischbrenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage und ein dazugehörendes Verfahren, welche zur Verbrennung von Brennstoffen mit stark unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften geeignet sind.The invention relates to a premix burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or firing system and an associated method which are suitable for the combustion of fuels with very different properties.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Vormischbrenner, also Brenner, bei denen die Vormischzone ein integrierter Bestandteil des Brenners selbst ist und die sich durch geringe NOX-Emissionen auszeichnen, sind bekannt (EP-A1 0 321 809, 0 521 325).Premix burners, ie burners in which the premixing zone is an integral part of the burner itself and which are characterized by low NO x emissions, are known (EP-A1 0 321 809, 0 521 325).

Bei diesen Brennern wird sichergestellt, dass die Zündung des Brennstoff-/Luftgemisches an einem Ort vonstatten geht, an dem keine zu grosse Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Mediums vorherrscht. Zugleich wird dafür gesorgt, dass die Fortpflanzung der Flammenfont in Richtung des Brennerausganges, wo sich die Flammenfront einstellt, definiert erfolgt.These burners ensure that the ignition of the fuel / air mixture takes place at a location where the medium does not flow at too high a rate. At the same time, it is ensured that the flame font is propagated in the direction of the burner outlet, where the flame front occurs.

Bei den bekannten Vormischbrennern ergeben sich Probleme, wenn Brennstoffe mit stark unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften verbrannt werden sollen. Dann muss das Strömungsfeld so gestaltet sein, dass bei allen Brennstoffen sichergestellt ist, dass die Mischung vor dem Erreichen der Flammenzone abgeschlossen ist und die Flammen unter keinen Umständen an den Ort der Einmischung zurückschlagen. Zusätzlich dürfen in den Gebieten, die von der Flamme unter bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen erreicht werden, d.h. überall dort, wo ein BrennstoffLuftgemisch vorhanden ist, keine ungekühlten Einbauten, wie Drallerzeuger oder Flammenhalter, vorhanden sein. Wenn z.B. im Gemischstrom Drallerzeuger angeordnet sind, ergeben sich die bekannten Nachteile, wie z.B. Belagsbildung oder Zerstörung der Drallschaufel durch Überhitzung.In the known premix burners, problems arise when fuels with very different properties are to be burned. Then the flow field must be designed in this way It must be ensured that all fuels ensure that the mixture has been completed before reaching the flame zone and that the flames never return to the point of interference. In addition, no uncooled internals, such as swirl generators or flame holders, may be present in the areas that can be reached by the flame under certain operating conditions, ie wherever there is a fuel-air mixture. If, for example, swirl generators are arranged in the mixture flow, there are the known disadvantages, such as, for example, formation of deposits or destruction of the swirl vane by overheating.

Ein weiterer Nachteil der bekannten Vormischbrenner besteht darin, dass ihr Betrieb ausserhalb des Auslegungspunktes und bei Teilversagen, z.B. bei Leckagen im Kühlluftsystem, problematisch ist. Versucht man nämlich, bei Teillastbetrieb magerer zu fahren, verschlechtert sich bei den bekannten Brennern der Ausbrand und die CO/UHC-Emissionen steigen stark an (CO/UHC-NOX-Schere).Another disadvantage of the known premix burners is that their operation outside the design point and in the event of partial failure, for example in the case of leaks in the cooling air system, is problematic. If you try to drive leaner at partial load, the burnout deteriorates with the known burners and the CO / UHC emissions increase sharply (CO / UHC-NO X scissors).

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Erfindung versucht, all diese Nachteile zu vermeiden. Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Vormischbrenner für den Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder einer Feuerungsanlage und ein dazugehörendes Verfahren zu schaffen, die niedrige NOX-Emissionen aufweisen, bei denen Brennstoffe mit stark unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften problemlos verbrannt werden können und die Funktion des Brenners auch ausserhalb des Auslegungspunktes bzw. bei Teilversagen sichergestellt ist.The invention tries to avoid all these disadvantages. It is based on the task of creating a premix burner for the operation of an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or a combustion system and an associated method which have low NO x emissions, in which fuels with very different properties can be burned without problems and the function the burner is also ensured outside the design point or in the event of partial failure.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass der Vormischbrenner aus einem Drallerzeuger, einem sich daran anschliessenden konvergenten Teil, einer Engstelle für die Brennstoffzugabe und einem Diffusor besteht. Erfindungsgemäss wird dies bei dem Verfahren zum Betrieb des Vormischbrenners dadurch erreicht, dass beim Betrieb mit Brennnstoffen, welche eine hohe Flammengeschwindigkeit haben, die Brennstoffe gegensinnig eingedüst werden; beim Betrieb mit Brennstoffen, welche eine geringe Flammengeschwindigkeit und einen geringen Heizwert haben, die Brennnstoffe gleichsinnig eingedüst werden und beim Betrieb mit flüssigem oder staubförmigem Brennstoff der Brennstoff im engsten Querschnitt senkrecht zur Strömungsgeschwindigkeit oder kurz vor dem engsten Querschnitt mit einer zentralen Lanze eingedüst wird.According to the invention, this is achieved in that the premix burner consists of a swirl generator, a subsequent convergent part, a constriction for the Add fuel and a diffuser. According to the invention, this is achieved in the method for operating the premix burner in that when operating with fuels which have a high flame speed, the fuels are injected in opposite directions; when operating with fuels that have a low flame speed and a low calorific value, the fuels are injected in the same direction and when operating with liquid or dusty fuel the fuel is injected in the narrowest cross section perpendicular to the flow rate or shortly before the narrowest cross section with a central lance.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind unter anderem darin zu sehen, dass bei der Verbrennung von Brennstoffen mit stark unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften die Mischung vor dem Erreichen der Flammenfront abgeschlossen ist und die Flamme nicht an den Ort der Einmischung zurückschlagen kann. Die Hauptreaktionszone wird rein aerodynamisch, ohne die Brennerwand zu berühren, stabilisiert. Ausserdem gibt es keine Rückströmzonen, Stufen oder plötzliche Erweiterungen in der Flammenzone. Die Funktion des Brenners ist auch ausserhalb des Auslegungspunktes und bei Teilversagen gesichert. Weiterhin ist der Brenner in einem luft- oder brennstoffgestuften Verbrennungsprozess einsetzbar.The advantages of the invention can be seen, inter alia, in the fact that when combusting fuels with very different properties, the mixture is completed before the flame front is reached and the flame cannot return to the place where it was mixed in. The main reaction zone is stabilized purely aerodynamically without touching the burner wall. In addition, there are no backflow zones, steps or sudden extensions in the flame zone. The function of the burner is also ensured outside of the design point and in the event of partial failure. The burner can also be used in an air or fuel-graded combustion process.

Es ist besonders zweckmässig, wenn der konvergente Teil, die Engstelle und der Diffusor rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet sind, weil dann Sekundärströmungen vermieden werden und vor dem Vortex Breakdown nur kleine Turbulenzen vorhanden sind.It is particularly expedient if the convergent part, the constriction and the diffuser are designed to be rotationally symmetrical, because then secondary flows are avoided and only small turbulences are present before the vortex breakdown.

Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Querschnittsverlauf so angepasst ist, dass keine Strömungsablösung an der Wand möglich ist.It is also advantageous if the cross-sectional profile is adapted such that flow separation on the wall is not possible.

Schliesslich werden mit Vorteil als Drallerzeuger ein Doppelkegelbrenner mit angepasster Schlitzbreite und fehlender Brennstoffeindüsung oder ein Leitschaufeldrallerzeuger eingesetzt. Besonders vorteilhaft sind Drallerzeuger ohne Nabenversperrung, weil diese fast verlustfrei arbeiten und auf der Achse eine starke Axialströmung verursachen.Finally, a double cone burner with an adapted slot width and missing is advantageous as a swirl generator Fuel injection or a vane swirl generator used. Swirl generators without hub locking are particularly advantageous because they work almost loss-free and cause a strong axial flow on the axis.

Weiterhin ist vorteilhaft, wenn der Vormischbrenner, insbesondere der Diffusor, konvektiv kühlbar ist. Dadurch ist selbst bei einem Anlegen der Flamme im Endbereich des Diffusors ein sicherer Brennerbetrieb gewährleistet.It is also advantageous if the premix burner, in particular the diffuser, can be convectively cooled. This ensures safe burner operation even when the flame is applied in the end area of the diffuser.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt des Vormischbrenners;
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch den engsten Querschnitt (Eindüsungsstelle) des Vormischbrenners.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section of the premix burner;
Fig. 2
a section through the narrowest cross-section (injection point) of the premix burner.

Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Die Strömungsrichtung der Arbeitsmittel ist mit Pfeilen bezeichnet.Only the elements essential for understanding the invention are shown. The direction of flow of the work equipment is indicated by arrows.

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Vormischbrenner, welcher zur Verbrennung von Brennnstoffen mit stark unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften eingesetzt wird, besteht aus einem Drallerzeuger 1, einem sich daran anschliessenden konvergenten Teil 2, einer Engstelle 3 und einem Diffusor 4. Im Drallerzeuger 1 wird ein Strömungfeld mit einem möglichst konstanten Totaldruck erzeugt. Aufgrund der erzeugten Wirbel kann man den erfindungsgemässen Vormischbrenner auch als Wirbeldiffusor-Brenner bezeichnen. Der konvergente Teil 2, die Engstelle 3 und der Diffusor 4 sind zur Vermeidung von Sekundärströmungen rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet und in ihrem Querschnittsverlauf so angepasst, dass die Erweiterung gerade so stark ist, dass keine Strömungsablösung von der Wand erfolgt. Um die Reibungsverluste und die gegebenenfalls zu kühlende Oberfläche klein zu halten, ist die Länge der rotationssymmetrischen Teile möglichst kurz. Damit ergeben sich kleine Mischlängen.The premix burner shown in FIG. 1, which is used for the combustion of fuels with very different properties, consists of a swirl generator 1, an adjoining convergent part 2, a constriction 3 and a diffuser 4. In the swirl generator 1 a flow field with a Total pressure generated as constant as possible. Due to the vortex generated, one can use the inventive Also refer to premix burners as vortex diffuser burners. The convergent part 2, the constriction 3 and the diffuser 4 are designed to be rotationally symmetrical to avoid secondary flows and their cross-sectional shape is adjusted so that the expansion is just so strong that there is no flow separation from the wall. The length of the rotationally symmetrical parts is as short as possible in order to keep the friction losses and the surface that may need to be cooled small. This results in small mixing lengths.

Die Baugrösse des Brenners kann unter der Bedingung einer genügend hohen Reynoldszahl im Brenner und unter den Randbedingungen der gewünschten thermischen Leistung und der gewünschten Gesamtlänge beliebig gewählt werden.The size of the burner can be chosen as long as the Reynolds number in the burner is sufficiently high and under the boundary conditions of the desired thermal output and the desired overall length.

Als Drallerzeuger 1 eignet sich vor allem ein Doppelkegelbrenner mit angepasster Schlitzweite (ohne Brennstoffeindüsung). Selbstverständlich können bei anderen Ausführungsbeispielen als Drallerzeuger 1 auch ein Leitschaufeldrallerzeuger oder ein Drallerzeuger mit oder ohne Nabenkörper eingesetzt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft sind solche Drallerzeuger 1, welche annähernd verlustfrei arbeiten und welche auf der Achse eine starke Axialströmung verursachen. Das wird bei Drallerzeugern ohne Nabenversperrung erreicht.A double cone burner with an adapted slot width (without fuel injection) is particularly suitable as swirl generator 1. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments, a guide vane swirl generator or a swirl generator with or without a hub body can also be used as the swirl generator 1. Swirl generators 1 which operate almost without loss and which cause a strong axial flow on the axis are particularly advantageous. This is achieved with swirl generators without a hub lock.

Im konvergenten Teil 2 erhöht sich die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, bis sie an der Engstelle 3 ihren höchsten Wert hat. Dort an der Engstelle 3, dem Ort der höchsten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, erfolgt die Einmischung des Brennstoffes 9. Damit wird erreicht, dass sich der Brennstoff 9 schnell mit der Verbrennungsluft 10 mischt, die Mischung vor dem Erreichen der Flammenzone abgeschlossen ist und die Flamme unter keinen Umständen an den Ort der Brennstoffeinmischung zurückschlagen kann. Der zur Mischung erforderliche Brennstoffvordruck ist nur gering.In the convergent part 2, the flow rate increases until it has its highest value at the narrow point 3. There at the narrow point 3, the location of the highest flow velocity, the fuel 9 is mixed in. This ensures that the fuel 9 mixes quickly with the combustion air 10, the mixing is completed before reaching the flame zone and the flame under no circumstances can strike back at the location of fuel mixing. The fuel admission pressure required for mixing is only low.

In der Mischzone, also dort, wo das Brennstoff-Luftgemisch vorhanden ist (Vormischstrecke 6, Hauptreaktionszone 7) sind keine Einbauten, wie z.B. Drallerzeuger oder Flammenhalter, vorhanden. Drallzahländerungen sind in Abhängigkeit vom Brennstoff 9 möglich ohne bewegliche Teile im Brenner. Es sind auch keine Rückströmzonen, Stufen oder plötzliche Erweiterungen der Flammenzone vorhanden, so dass eine gute Flammenstabilität (geringe Pulsationen) erreicht wird.In the mixing zone, i.e. where the fuel-air mixture is present (premixing section 6, main reaction zone 7), there are no internals, e.g. Swirl generator or flame holder, available. Swirl number changes are possible depending on the fuel 9 without moving parts in the burner. There are also no backflow zones, steps or sudden enlargements of the flame zone, so that good flame stability (low pulsations) is achieved.

Wegen der axialsymmetrischen Geometrie sind vor dem Vortex Breakdown 5 nur kleine Turbulenzen vorhanden.Due to the axially symmetrical geometry, there is only a small amount of turbulence before the Vortex Breakdown 5

Die Hauptreaktionszone 7 wird durch die aufplatzende Drallströmung (Vortex Breakdown 5) rein aerodynamisch, ohne die Brennerwand zu berühren, stabilisiert.The main reaction zone 7 is stabilized purely aerodynamically by the bursting swirl flow (vortex breakdown 5) without touching the burner wall.

In dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der divergente Teil der Brenners konvektiv gekühlt. Durch die kombinierte Brenner- und Brennkammerkühlung 8 wird erreicht, dass selbst bei einem Anlegen der Flamme im Endbereich des Diffusors 4 noch ein sicherer Brennerbetrieb gewährleistet wird. Selbstverständlich kann in einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel der gesamte Brenner durch konvektive Kühlung relativ einfach vollständig gekühlt sein, deshalb ist er auch für den Betrieb als Stufenbrenner in einem luft- oder brennstoffgestuften System, z.B. als erste, zweite oder dritte Stufe geeignet.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the divergent part of the burner is convectively cooled. The combined burner and combustion chamber cooling 8 ensures that safe burner operation is ensured even when the flame is applied in the end region of the diffuser 4. Of course, in another exemplary embodiment, the entire burner can be cooled completely simply by convective cooling, which is why it is also suitable for operation as a stepped burner in an air or fuel-stepped system, e.g. suitable as first, second or third stage.

Wird der Vormischbrenner mit Brennstoffen betrieben, welche eine hohe Flammengeschwindigkeit (kurze Zündverzugszeiten) haben, so müssen die Brennstoffe gegensinnig eingedüst werden (Fig. 2). Dadurch wird der Vortex Breakdown 5 stark abgeschwächt. Werden dagegen Brennstoffe mit geringer Flammengeschwindigkeit und geringem Heizwert verwendet, wird die Flammenstabilisierung durch gleichsinniges Eindüsen und damit durch Verstärkung des Vortex Breakdowns 5 verbessert.If the premix burner is operated with fuels that have a high flame speed (short ignition delay times), the fuels must be injected in opposite directions (Fig. 2). This weakens the Vortex Breakdown 5. If, on the other hand, fuels with a low flame speed and a low calorific value are used, the flame stabilization is improved by injection in the same direction and thus by reinforcing the vortex breakdown 5.

Beim Betrieb des Brenners mit flüssigem oder staubförmigen Brennstoff wird dieser im engsten Querschnitt, also an der Engstelle 3, senkrecht zur Strömungsrichtung bzw. kurz vor dem engsten Querschnitt mit einer zentralen Lanze eingedüst.When the burner is operated with liquid or dust-like fuel, it is injected with a central lance in the narrowest cross-section, ie at the narrow point 3, perpendicular to the direction of flow or shortly before the narrowest cross-section.

Der Brenner ist ein multifuelfähiges System, denn wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht, können beispielsweise niederkalorige Brennstoffe 9a, Erdgas 9b und wasserstoffhaltige Gase 9c verwendet werden.The burner is a multi-fuel system, because, as can be seen from FIG. 2, low-calorie fuels 9a, natural gas 9b and hydrogen-containing gases 9c can be used, for example.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass er auch ausserhalb des Auslegungspunktes und bei Teilversagen, wenn beispielsweise im Kühlluftsystem Leckagen vorhanden sind, voll funktionsfähig ist. Schliesslich sind noch die geringen NOX-Emissionen hervorzuheben.Another advantage is that it is fully functional even outside the design point and in the event of partial failure, for example if there are leaks in the cooling air system. Finally, the low NO X emissions should be emphasized.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
DrallerzeugerSwirl generator
22nd
konvergenter Teilconvergent part
33rd
EngstelleConstriction
44th
DiffusorDiffuser
55
Vortex BreakdownVortex breakdown
66
VormischstreckePremixing section
77
HauptreaktionszoneMain reaction zone
88th
kombinierte Brenner- und Brennkammerkühlungcombined burner and combustion chamber cooling
99
Brennstofffuel
9a9a
niederkaloriger Brennstofflow calorific fuel
9b9b
Erdgasnatural gas
9c9c
wasserstoffhaltige Gasehydrogen-containing gases
1010th
VerbrennungsluftCombustion air

Claims (9)

Vormischbrenner für den Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine, einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe oder Feuerungsanlage, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vormischbrenner aus einem Drallerzeuger (1), einem sich daran anschliesssenden konvergenten Teil (2), einer Engstelle (3) für die Brennstoffzugabe und einem Diffusor (4) besteht.Premix burner for the operation of an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or combustion system, characterized in that the premix burner consists of a swirl generator (1), a convergent part (2) adjoining it, a constriction (3) for the fuel addition and a diffuser (4 ) consists. Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der konvergente Teil (2), die Engstelle (3) und der Diffusor (4) rotationssymmetrisch ausgebildet sind.Premix burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the convergent part (2), the constriction (3) and the diffuser (4) are rotationally symmetrical. Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnittsverlauf so angepasst ist, dass keine Strömungsablösung an der Wand möglich ist.Premix burner according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the cross-sectional profile is adapted so that no flow separation on the wall is possible. Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das der Drallerzeuger (1) ein Doppelkegelbrenner mit angepasster Schlitzweite und fehlender Brennstoffeindüsung ist.Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the swirl generator (1) is a double-cone burner with an adapted slot width and a lack of fuel injection. Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drallerzeuger (1) ein Leitschaufeldrallerzeuger ist.Premix burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the swirl generator (1) is a guide vane swirl generator. Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drallerzeuger (1) ein Drallerzeuger ohne Nabenversperrung ist.Premix burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the swirl generator (1) is a swirl generator without a hub lock. Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vormischbrenner vollständig konvektiv kühlbar ist.Premix burner according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the premix burner can be cooled completely convectively. Vormischbrenner nach Anspruch 1, 2 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vorrangig der Diffusor (4) konvektiv kühlbar ist.Premix burner according to claim 1, 2 and 6, characterized in that primarily the diffuser (4) can be convectively cooled. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Betrieb mit Brennstoffen, welche eine hohe Flammengeschwindigkeit haben, die Brennstoffe gegensinnig eingedüst werden; dass beim Betrieb mit Brennstoffen, welche eine geringe Flammengeschwindigkeit und einen geringen Heizwert haben, die Brennstoffe gleichsinnig eingedüst werden und dass beim Betrieb mit flüssigem oder staubförmigem Brennstoff der Brennstoff im engsten Querschnitt senkrecht zur Strömungsrichtung oder kurz vor dem engsten Querschnitt mit einer zentralen Lanze eingedüst wird.Method for operating a premix burner according to claim 1, characterized in that when operating with fuels which have a high flame speed, the fuels are injected in opposite directions; that when operating with fuels that have a low flame speed and a low calorific value, the fuels are injected in the same direction and that when operating with liquid or dusty fuel, the fuel is injected in the narrowest cross section perpendicular to the direction of flow or just before the narrowest cross section with a central lance .
EP94105929A 1993-05-17 1994-04-16 Premixing burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbo group or a combustion plant Expired - Lifetime EP0625673B1 (en)

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DE4316474 1993-05-17
DE4316474A DE4316474A1 (en) 1993-05-17 1993-05-17 Premix burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine group or a combustion system

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EP0704657A3 (en) * 1994-10-01 1997-07-30 Abb Management Ag Burner
EP0778445A3 (en) * 1995-12-05 1999-04-28 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Premix burner
EP0783089A3 (en) * 1995-12-27 1998-11-11 Abb Research Ltd. Cone-shaped burner
EP0797051A2 (en) * 1996-03-20 1997-09-24 Abb Research Ltd. Burner for a heat generator
EP0797051A3 (en) * 1996-03-20 1998-05-20 Abb Research Ltd. Burner for a heat generator
US6769903B2 (en) 2000-06-15 2004-08-03 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for operating a burner and burner with stepped premix gas injection
DE10029607A1 (en) * 2000-06-15 2001-12-20 Alstom Power Nv Method to operate burner; involves operating burner with two groups of fuel outlets to supply different amounts of same fuel, where outlet groups are supplied independently and controlled separately
EP1512912A3 (en) * 2003-09-04 2010-10-27 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Homogeneous mixture formation by swirled injection of the fuel
EP1568942A1 (en) * 2004-02-24 2005-08-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Premix Burner and Method for Combusting a Low-calorific Gas
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US8057224B2 (en) * 2004-12-23 2011-11-15 Alstom Technology Ltd. Premix burner with mixing section
US9103547B2 (en) * 2007-11-09 2015-08-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Method for operating a burner
US8066509B2 (en) * 2007-11-27 2011-11-29 Alstom Technology Ltd. Method and device for combusting hydrogen in a premix burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0625673A3 (en) 1995-05-17
EP0625673B1 (en) 1999-03-24
US5673551A (en) 1997-10-07
JPH06341617A (en) 1994-12-13
DE59407984D1 (en) 1999-04-29
DE4316474A1 (en) 1994-11-24

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