EP0625233A1 - Wood/concrete composite floor - Google Patents

Wood/concrete composite floor

Info

Publication number
EP0625233A1
EP0625233A1 EP93924484A EP93924484A EP0625233A1 EP 0625233 A1 EP0625233 A1 EP 0625233A1 EP 93924484 A EP93924484 A EP 93924484A EP 93924484 A EP93924484 A EP 93924484A EP 0625233 A1 EP0625233 A1 EP 0625233A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
beams
plates
plate
points
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93924484A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Raymond Bettex
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bettex Fabienne
BETTEX STEVE
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0625233A1 publication Critical patent/EP0625233A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B15/00—Nails; Staples
    • F16B15/0023—Nail plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/48—Dowels, i.e. members adapted to penetrate the surfaces of two parts and to take the shear stresses
    • E04B1/49—Dowels, i.e. members adapted to penetrate the surfaces of two parts and to take the shear stresses with self-penetrating parts, e.g. claw dowels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/237—Separate connecting elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mixed wood-concrete floor comprising a set of wooden beams resting on supports and linked to a concrete slab.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a mixed wood-concrete floor in which the problem of the transmission of the shear force between the wood and the concrete has been solved in a simple and therefore inexpensive manner.
  • composite wood-concrete floor comprising a set of wooden beams resting on supports and linked to a concrete slab, characterized in that the connection between the wood and the concrete is ensured by metal plates comprising points, each plate having part of its points driven into the beam and at least one other part of its points embedded in the concrete.
  • the invention also relates, on the one hand, to a metal plate with spikes for producing a floor of the above type, characterized in that it comprises a zone transverse devoid of points so as to allow folding of the plate, and on the other hand a metal plate with points for producing a floor of the above type, characterized in that it comprises at least a first transverse zone having points directed on one side of the plate and at least one other transverse zone comprising points directed on the other side of the plate
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a floor of the type described above, characterized in that spiked plates are fixed to the upper part of wooden beams by driving into the beam of a first set of points arranged on a first part of the plate, the plate comprising at least a second part provided with points, which is arranged projecting with respect to the beam, in that the beams are placed on supports, in that the '' is placed between the beams of waterproof formwork panels, in that there is a distribution frame above the beams and in that concrete is poured over the whole so as to cover said second parts of said plates metallic.
  • point plates are fixed to the upper part of the beam by driving into the beam a first set of points arranged on a first part of each plate, each plate comprising at least a second part provided with spikes and arranged projecting relative to the beam.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a floor of the type described above, characterized in that point plates are fixed to the surface of beams already in place on supports, by driving into the beam of a first set of points arranged on a first part of the plate, the plate comprising at least a second part provided with points, which is arranged projecting relative to the beam, in that one places between the beams of the formwork panels waterproof, in that there is a distribution frame and in that concrete is poured over the whole.
  • the invention has the advantage of providing a light construction. Indeed, it is planned to make a mixed wood-concrete floor with lightweight cellular concrete whose specific mass is between 600 kg / m 3 and 1600 kg / m 3 , preferably 1400
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a first solution of the floor according to the invention with parts cut away
  • FIG. 2 represents a section perpendicular to the beams of the solution represented in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 represents a section parallel to the beams between two beams of the solution represented in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 represents a section perpendicular to the beams of an alternative embodiment of the floor according to the invention
  • FIG. 5 represents a section perpendicular to the beams of a variant using point plates with points directed in two directions
  • FIG. 6 represents a section perpendicular to the beams of another variant
  • FIG. 7 is a view from the side of an example of a point plate, before folding, which can be used in the example of figure 6,
  • FIG. 8 is a partial plan view of the plate of FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 9 is a view from the side of an example of a point plate which can be used in the example of FIG. 5, and
  • FIG. 10 is a partial plan view of the plate in FIG. 9.
  • the floor shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 includes wooden beams 1. For clarity, only two beams have been shown in the figures. These beams are shown in solid wood, but they could also be in wood assembled by gluing. Each beam 1 has two longitudinal shoulders at its upper part on which rest panels 4, which serve as lost formwork.
  • the panels 4 can be of any material, for example wood, reconstituted wood; they may include insulation and they must have sufficient bending strength to support the concrete 3 when the latter is put in place.
  • a distribution frame 15 intended to be embedded in the concrete 3 is placed above the beams 1.
  • the beams-concrete connection is made by means of point plates, for example rectangular plates having points on one of their faces.
  • the plates can be arranged in pairs, on either side of the upper part of reduced width of the beam delimited by the shoulders described above, so that the plates protrude above the upper surface of the beams.
  • the points of the lower part of each plate are driven into the beam, while the points of the upper part of the plates are intended to be embedded in the concrete 3.
  • the location of the shoulders beams 1 can for example be chosen so that the height of the upper part of reduced width of the beams is equal to half the height of the plates.
  • point plates 2 on which the points are made by stamping.
  • Such plates have the advantage of having on the one hand spikes, but also openings which also cooperate with the concrete. Plates of this type are commercially available for fixing structural parts to one another and are for example sold under the name of "Wolf connectors" (registered trademark) or “Gang-Nail system connectors” (registered trademark). A description of one of these point plates is also found in patent CH 644,173.
  • the concrete 3 of the floor described above can for example be a lightweight cellular concrete of the "NEOFOR” type (registered trademark) which has a specific mass of 1400 kg / m 3 significantly lower than that of traditional concrete.
  • the use of cellular concrete of the "NEOFOR” type has still other advantages; in particular, it is fluid and pasty when poured, which allows good coating of the plates 2, in particular the tips and openings.
  • such a concrete has good sound and thermal insulation, which makes it possible to deposit the final coating 5 directly on its surface.
  • the placing of this concrete does not require vibration; given its fluidity, this material is put directly in place.
  • the spike plates 2 are fully covered, which is an advantage because they are so better protected from rust and the whole structure is aesthetic.
  • FIG. 4 An alternative embodiment of the floor according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4. Such an alternative is more particularly indicated in the case of renovation of a floor whose beams are already in place. In such a case, it is not possible to create shoulders on the beams.
  • the plates can be placed directly against the side faces of the beams using small, easily transportable hydraulic clamps.
  • FIG 5 shows a section through another alternative embodiment of a floor according to the invention.
  • the point plates 2 ′ were specially made for the production of the floor according to the invention.
  • These plates 2 ' also shown in Figures 9 and 10, are intended to be arranged horizontally on the upper surface of the beams. They include points 7 arranged on one side of the plate and intended to be planted in the upper face of the beam 1 and points 8 arranged on the other side of the plate and intended to be embedded in the concrete.
  • the purpose of this variant is to use plates 2 'of greater width of the slab than that of the variant shown in Figures 1 to 4. This way of proceeding is designed to improve the distribution of the shearing force.
  • support shoulders for the formwork panels 4 can be produced by means of slats 6 as shown for example in FIG. 5.
  • the formwork is not removed after placing the concrete, so as to constitute a ceiling at the French.
  • the point plates 2 and 2 ′ are entirely covered with concrete, which ensures better transmission of the shearing force.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown an alternative embodiment of the invention combining the simplicity of that shown in Figures 1 to 4 with the improvement provided .
  • 2 "spike plates are preferably used, such as those shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, which are folded into two parts 10 and 11 so as to form a right angle 9.
  • the shearing force is distributed over a larger slab width
  • These plates have a central zone without a point, so as to prevent points from being driven into the beams too close to the upper surface beam, which could cause breakage at the upper end of the beam.
  • the holder commissioned tests which showed that the two materials wood and concrete work together.
  • a lightweight concrete T-section beam of 1600 kg / m 3 was made , the upper part of which is a slab 0.7 m wide by 0.14 m thick and a lower part consisting of a wooden beam 0.21 m high by 0.11 m wide.
  • the wooden beam being embedded in the concrete over a height of 5 cm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Ce plancher mixte bois-béton résout le problème de la transmission de l'effort tranchant entre le bois et le béton d'une manière simple, donc bon marché. Il comprend un ensemble de poutres (1) reposant sur des appuis liés à une dalle en béton (3). La liaison entre le bois et le béton est assurée par des plaques à pointes métalliques (2), du genre de celles utilisées comme connecteurs dans la construction de charpentes. Les plaques (2) sont en partie enfoncées dans les poutres et en partie noyées dans le béton. Les panneaux (4) de coffrage peuvent être des coffrages perdus pour réaliser un plafond à la française ou être retirés et un plafond peut être fixé aux poutres (1). Dans la réalisation préférée de l'invention on utilise du béton léger cellulaire de masse spécifique d'environ 1400 kg/m3.This mixed wood-concrete floor solves the problem of shear force transmission between wood and concrete in a simple and therefore inexpensive way. It comprises a set of beams (1) resting on supports linked to a concrete slab (3). The connection between the wood and the concrete is provided by plates with metal spikes (2), of the type used as connectors in the construction of frameworks. The plates (2) are partly driven into the beams and partly embedded in the concrete. The formwork panels (4) can be lost formwork to make a French ceiling or be removed and a ceiling can be fixed to the beams (1). In the preferred embodiment of the invention, lightweight cellular concrete with a specific mass of approximately 1400 kg/m3 is used.

Description

Plancher mixte bois-béton Mixed wood-concrete floor
La présente invention a pour objet un plancher mixte bois-béton comprenant un ensemble de poutres en bois reposant sur des appuis et liées à une dalle de béton.The present invention relates to a mixed wood-concrete floor comprising a set of wooden beams resting on supports and linked to a concrete slab.
Depuis longtemps on a cherché à réaliser des planchers constitués de poutres en bois supportant une dalle de béton. On citera pour exemple les brevets CH-A-223 498 de 1942 et FR 901.600 de 1944. Le principal problème rencontré a été de faire travailler le béton et le bois ensemble de manière à optimiser le dimensionnement de l'ouvrage.For a long time, we have sought to make floors made of wooden beams supporting a concrete slab. Examples include the patents CH-A-223,498 of 1942 and FR 901,600 of 1944. The main problem encountered was to work the concrete and the wood together so as to optimize the dimensioning of the structure.
On trouve des solutions à ce problème dans les documents de brevets suivants: CH-A-223 498, CH-A-658 281, FR 901.600, EP 352 566.et EP 433 224. Dans toutes les solutions proposées dans ces documents, les poutres de bois sont travaillées de manière importante, par exemple il est prévu des encoches, des creusures, des perçages, etc., ce qui augmente le prix de l'ouvrage et le rend moins concurrentiel.Solutions to this problem are found in the following patent documents: CH-A-223 498, CH-A-658 281, FR 901.600, EP 352 566. and EP 433 224. In all the solutions proposed in these documents, the wooden beams are worked in a significant way, for example there are provided notches, hollows, holes, etc., which increases the price of the work and makes it less competitive.
Le but de la présente invention est de fournir un plancher mixte bois-béton dans lequel le problème de la • transmission de l'effort tranchant entre le bois et le béton a été résolu d'une manière simple, donc bon marché.The object of the present invention is to provide a mixed wood-concrete floor in which the problem of the transmission of the shear force between the wood and the concrete has been solved in a simple and therefore inexpensive manner.
Ce but est atteint avec le plancher mixte bois-béton, selon l'invention, comprenant un ensemble de poutres en bois reposant sur des appuis et liées à une dalle de béton, caractérisé en ce que la liaison entre le bois et le béton est assurée par des plaques métalliques comportant des pointes, chaque plaque ayant une partie de ses pointes enfoncées dans la poutre et au moins une autre partie de ses pointes noyées dans le béton.This object is achieved with the composite wood-concrete floor according to the invention, comprising a set of wooden beams resting on supports and linked to a concrete slab, characterized in that the connection between the wood and the concrete is ensured by metal plates comprising points, each plate having part of its points driven into the beam and at least one other part of its points embedded in the concrete.
L'invention a aussi pour objets d'une part une plaque métallique à pointes pour la réalisation d'un plancher du type ci-dessus, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une zone transverse dépourvue de pointes de façon à permettre un pliage de la plaque, et d'autre part une plaque métallique à pointes pour la réalisation d'un plancher du type c-dessus, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins une première zone transverse comportant des pointes dirigées d'un côté de la plaque et au moins une autre zone transverse comportant des pointes dirigées de l'autre côté de la plaqueThe invention also relates, on the one hand, to a metal plate with spikes for producing a floor of the above type, characterized in that it comprises a zone transverse devoid of points so as to allow folding of the plate, and on the other hand a metal plate with points for producing a floor of the above type, characterized in that it comprises at least a first transverse zone having points directed on one side of the plate and at least one other transverse zone comprising points directed on the other side of the plate
L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un plancher du type décrit plus haut, caractérisé en ce que l'on fixe des plaques à pointes à la partie supérieure de poutres en bois par enfoncement dans la poutre d'un premier ensemble de pointes disposées sur une première partie de la plaque, la plaque comportant au moins une deuxième partie munie de pointes, laquelle est disposée en saillie par rapport à la poutre, en ce que l'on dispose les poutres sur des appuis, en ce que l'on place entre les poutres des panneaux de coffrage étanche, en ce que l'on dispose une armature de répartition en-dessus des poutres et en ce que l'on coule du béton sur le tout de façon à recouvrir lesdites deuxièmes parties desdites plaques métalliques. Elle concerne aussi une poutre en bois pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, caractérisée en ce que des plaques à pointes sont fixées à la partie supérieure de la poutre par enfoncement dans la poutre d'un premier ensemble de pointes disposées sur une première partie de chaque plaque, chaque plaque comportant au moins une deuxième partie munie de pointes et disposée en saillie par rapport à la poutre.The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a floor of the type described above, characterized in that spiked plates are fixed to the upper part of wooden beams by driving into the beam of a first set of points arranged on a first part of the plate, the plate comprising at least a second part provided with points, which is arranged projecting with respect to the beam, in that the beams are placed on supports, in that the '' is placed between the beams of waterproof formwork panels, in that there is a distribution frame above the beams and in that concrete is poured over the whole so as to cover said second parts of said plates metallic. It also relates to a wooden beam for the implementation of this method, characterized in that point plates are fixed to the upper part of the beam by driving into the beam a first set of points arranged on a first part of each plate, each plate comprising at least a second part provided with spikes and arranged projecting relative to the beam.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un plancher du type décrit plus haut, caractérisé en ce que l'on fixe des plaques à pointes à la surface de poutres déjà en place sur des appuis, par enfoncement dans la poutre d'un premier ensemble de pointes disposées sur une première partie de la plaque, la plaque comportant au moins une deuxième partie munie de pointes, laquelle est disposée en saillie par rapport à la poutre, en ce que l'on place entre les poutres des panneaux de coffrage étanche, en ce que l'on dispose une armature de répartition et en ce que l'on coule du béton sur le tout.The subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a floor of the type described above, characterized in that point plates are fixed to the surface of beams already in place on supports, by driving into the beam of a first set of points arranged on a first part of the plate, the plate comprising at least a second part provided with points, which is arranged projecting relative to the beam, in that one places between the beams of the formwork panels waterproof, in that there is a distribution frame and in that concrete is poured over the whole.
Dans une forme particulière préférée, l'invention présente l'avantage de réaliser une construction légère. En effet, il est prévu de réaliser un plancher mixte bois-béton avec un béton léger cellulaire dont la masse spécifique est comprise entre 600 kg/m3 et 1600 kg/m3, de préférence 1400In a particular preferred form, the invention has the advantage of providing a light construction. Indeed, it is planned to make a mixed wood-concrete floor with lightweight cellular concrete whose specific mass is between 600 kg / m 3 and 1600 kg / m 3 , preferably 1400
L'invention sera mieux comprise et ses caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description de formes d'exécution, données à titre d'exemple, en regard des dessins sur lesquels:The invention will be better understood and its characteristics and advantages will appear better on reading the description of embodiments, given by way of example, with reference to the drawings in which:
la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'une première solution du plancher selon l'invention avec des parties arrachées,FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a first solution of the floor according to the invention with parts cut away,
la figure 2 représente une coupe perpendiculaire aux poutres de la solution représentée à la figure 1,FIG. 2 represents a section perpendicular to the beams of the solution represented in FIG. 1,
la figure 3 représente une coupe parallèle aux poutres entre deux poutres de la solution représentée à la figure 1,FIG. 3 represents a section parallel to the beams between two beams of the solution represented in FIG. 1,
la figure 4 représente une coupe perpendiculaire aux poutres d'une variante de réalisation du plancher selon l'invention,FIG. 4 represents a section perpendicular to the beams of an alternative embodiment of the floor according to the invention,
la figure 5 représente une coupe perpendiculaire aux poutres d'une variante utilisant des plaques à pointes avec des pointes dirigées dans deux directions,FIG. 5 represents a section perpendicular to the beams of a variant using point plates with points directed in two directions,
la figure 6 représente une coupe perpendiculaire aux poutres d'une autre variante,FIG. 6 represents a section perpendicular to the beams of another variant,
la figure 7 est une vue depuis le côté d'un exemple de plaque à pointes, avant pliage, pouvant être utilisée dans l'exemple de la figure 6,FIG. 7 is a view from the side of an example of a point plate, before folding, which can be used in the example of figure 6,
la figure 8 est une vue partielle en plan de la plaque de la figure 7,FIG. 8 is a partial plan view of the plate of FIG. 7,
la figure 9 est une vue depuis le côté d'un exemple de plaque à pointes pouvant être utilisée dans l'exemple de la figure 5, etFIG. 9 is a view from the side of an example of a point plate which can be used in the example of FIG. 5, and
la figure 10 est une vue partielle en plan de la plaque de la figure 9.FIG. 10 is a partial plan view of the plate in FIG. 9.
Le plancher représenté sur les figures 1, 2 et 3 comprend des poutres en bois 1. Pour plus de clarté, seulement deux poutres ont été représentées sur les figures. Ces poutres sont représentées en bois plein, mais elles pourraient aussi être en bois assemblé par collage. Chaque poutre 1 comporte deux épaulements longitudinaux à sa partie supérieure sur lesquels reposent des panneaux 4, qui servent de coffrages perdus. Les panneaux 4 peuvent être en tout matériau, par exemple en bois, en bois reconstitué; ils peuvent comporter une isolation et ils doivent avoir une résistance à la flexion suffisante pour supporter le béton 3 lors de la mise en place de ce dernier. Une armature 15 de répartition destinée à être noyée dans le béton 3 est disposée au-dessus des poutres 1.The floor shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 includes wooden beams 1. For clarity, only two beams have been shown in the figures. These beams are shown in solid wood, but they could also be in wood assembled by gluing. Each beam 1 has two longitudinal shoulders at its upper part on which rest panels 4, which serve as lost formwork. The panels 4 can be of any material, for example wood, reconstituted wood; they may include insulation and they must have sufficient bending strength to support the concrete 3 when the latter is put in place. A distribution frame 15 intended to be embedded in the concrete 3 is placed above the beams 1.
La liaison poutres-béton est réalisée par l'intermédiai¬ re de plaques à pointes, par exemple des plaques rectangulai- res comportant des pointes sur l'une de leurs faces. Les plaques peuvent être disposées par couples, de part et d'autre de la partie supérieure de largeur réduite de la poutre délimitée par les épaulements décrits ci-dessus, de façon que les plaques fassent saillie au-dessus de la surface supérieure des poutres. Les pointes de la partie inférieure de chaque plaque sont enfoncées dans la poutre, alors que les pointes de la partie supérieure des plaques sont destinées à être noyées dans le béton 3. L'emplacement des épaulements des poutres 1 peut par exemple être choisi de façon que la hauteur de la partie supérieure de largeur réduite des poutres soit égale à la moitié de la hauteur des plaques.The beams-concrete connection is made by means of point plates, for example rectangular plates having points on one of their faces. The plates can be arranged in pairs, on either side of the upper part of reduced width of the beam delimited by the shoulders described above, so that the plates protrude above the upper surface of the beams. The points of the lower part of each plate are driven into the beam, while the points of the upper part of the plates are intended to be embedded in the concrete 3. The location of the shoulders beams 1 can for example be chosen so that the height of the upper part of reduced width of the beams is equal to half the height of the plates.
A la partie avant de la figure 1, le béton a été retiré pour que l'on puisse mieux voir comment sont disposées les plaques avec leurs pointes parallèles à la face supérieure de la poutre 1. Les dimensions des plaques et la distance entre les paires de plaques sont déterminées par le calcul de l'effort tranchant qui doit être transrais entre le bois et le béton.In the front part of Figure 1, the concrete has been removed so that we can better see how the plates are arranged with their points parallel to the upper face of the beam 1. The dimensions of the plates and the distance between the pairs of plates are determined by calculating the shearing force which must be transferred between wood and concrete.
On peut par exemple utiliser des plaques à pointes 2 sur lesquelles les pointes sont réalisées par emboutissage. De telles plaques ont l'avantage de présenter d'une part des pointes, mais également des ouvertures qui coopèrent égale¬ ment avec le béton. Des plaques de ce type sont proposées dans le commerce pour fixer des pièces de charpentes entre elles et sont par exemple vendues sous le nom de "connecteurs Wolf" (marque déposée) ou "connecteurs système Gang-Nail" (marque déposée) . On trouve aussi une description d'une de ces plaques à pointes dans le brevet CH 644 173.One can for example use point plates 2 on which the points are made by stamping. Such plates have the advantage of having on the one hand spikes, but also openings which also cooperate with the concrete. Plates of this type are commercially available for fixing structural parts to one another and are for example sold under the name of "Wolf connectors" (registered trademark) or "Gang-Nail system connectors" (registered trademark). A description of one of these point plates is also found in patent CH 644,173.
Afin d'alléger la construction et la rendre plus corapé- titive, le béton 3 du plancher décrit ci-dessus peut par exemple être un béton léger cellulaire du type "NEOFOR" (marque déposée) qui présente une masse spécifique de 1400 kg/m3 nettement inférieure à celle d'un béton traditionnel. Dans le cas présent, l'emploi d'un béton cellulaire du type "NEOFOR" présente encore d'autres avantages; notamment il est fluide et pâteux au coulage, ce qui permet un bon enrobage des plaques 2, en particulier des pointes et des ouvertures. De plus un tel béton présente une bonne isolation phonique et thermique, ce qui permet d'y déposer directement à sa surface le revêtement final 5. Enfin, la mise en place de ce béton ne nécessite pas de vibrage; vu sa fluidité, ce matériau se met directement en place. Selon le mode d'exécution représenté sur les figures 1 à 3, compte tenu de la présence des panneaux de coffrage 4 sur les épaulements des poutres 1,' les plaques à pointes 2 sont entièrement recouvertes, ce qui représente un avantage car elles sont ainsi mieux protégées de la rouille et l'ensemble de l'ouvrage est esthétique.In order to lighten the construction and make it more coraptive, the concrete 3 of the floor described above can for example be a lightweight cellular concrete of the "NEOFOR" type (registered trademark) which has a specific mass of 1400 kg / m 3 significantly lower than that of traditional concrete. In the present case, the use of cellular concrete of the "NEOFOR" type has still other advantages; in particular, it is fluid and pasty when poured, which allows good coating of the plates 2, in particular the tips and openings. In addition, such a concrete has good sound and thermal insulation, which makes it possible to deposit the final coating 5 directly on its surface. Finally, the placing of this concrete does not require vibration; given its fluidity, this material is put directly in place. According to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, given the presence of the formwork panels 4 on the shoulders of the beams 1, ' the spike plates 2 are fully covered, which is an advantage because they are so better protected from rust and the whole structure is aesthetic.
Une variante de réalisation du plancher selon l'inven¬ tion est représentée à la figure 4. Une telle variante est plus particulièrement indiquée dans le cas de rénovation d'un plancher dont les poutres sont déjà en place. Dans un tel cas, il n'est pas possible de créer des épaulements sur les poutres. Les plaques peuvent être mises en place directement contre les faces latérales des poutres au moyen de petites pinces hydrauliques facilement transportables.An alternative embodiment of the floor according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4. Such an alternative is more particularly indicated in the case of renovation of a floor whose beams are already in place. In such a case, it is not possible to create shoulders on the beams. The plates can be placed directly against the side faces of the beams using small, easily transportable hydraulic clamps.
La figure 5 représente une coupe d'une autre variante de réalisation d'un plancher selon l'invention. Dans cette variante, les plaques à pointes 2' ont été fabriquées spécia- lement pour la réalisation du plancher selon l'invention. Ces plaques 2', également représentées sur les figures 9 et 10, sont destinées à être disposées horizontalement à la surface supérieure des poutres. Elles comportent des pointes 7 disposées d'un côté de la plaque et destinées à être plantées dans la face supérieure de la poutre 1 et des pointes 8 disposées de l'autre côté de la plaque et destinées à être noyées dans le béton. Le but de cette variante est de mettre en oeuvre des plaques 2' intéressant une plus grande largeur de la dalle que celle de la variante représentée aux figures 1 à 4. Cette manière de procéder est conçue pour améliorer la répartition de l'effort tranchant.Figure 5 shows a section through another alternative embodiment of a floor according to the invention. In this variant, the point plates 2 ′ were specially made for the production of the floor according to the invention. These plates 2 ', also shown in Figures 9 and 10, are intended to be arranged horizontally on the upper surface of the beams. They include points 7 arranged on one side of the plate and intended to be planted in the upper face of the beam 1 and points 8 arranged on the other side of the plate and intended to be embedded in the concrete. The purpose of this variant is to use plates 2 'of greater width of the slab than that of the variant shown in Figures 1 to 4. This way of proceeding is designed to improve the distribution of the shearing force.
Qu'il s'agisse de la variante représentée à la figure 4 ou à la figure 5, des épaulements de support des panneaux de coffrage 4 peuvent être réalisés au moyen de lattes 6 comme représenté par exemple à la figure 5. Dans le cas de la figure 5, les coffrages ne sont pas enlevés après la mise en place du béton, de façon à constituer un plafond à la française. Dans les deux variantes représentées sur les figures 4 et 5, les plaques à pointes 2 et 2' sont entière¬ ment recouvertes de béton, ce qui assure une meilleure transmission de l'effort tranchant.Whether it is the variant shown in FIG. 4 or in FIG. 5, support shoulders for the formwork panels 4 can be produced by means of slats 6 as shown for example in FIG. 5. In the case of Figure 5, the formwork is not removed after placing the concrete, so as to constitute a ceiling at the French. In the two variants shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the point plates 2 and 2 ′ are entirely covered with concrete, which ensures better transmission of the shearing force.
A la figure 6, il a été représenté une variante de réalisation de l'invention combinant la simplicité de celle représentée aux figures 1 à 4 avec l'amélioration prévue à. la variante représentée sur la figure 5. Dans ce cas, on utilisera de préférence des plaques à pointes 2", telles que celles représentées sur les figures 7 et 8, que l'on plie en deux parties 10 et 11 de manière à former un angle droit 9. De cette façon, on repartit l'effort tranchant sur une largeur de dalle plus importante. Ces plaques comportent une zone centrale sans pointe, de façon à éviter que des pointes ne soient enfoncées dans les poutres trop près de la surface supérieure de la poutre, ce qui pourrait provoquer des cassures à l'extrémité supérieure de la poutre.In Figure 6, there is shown an alternative embodiment of the invention combining the simplicity of that shown in Figures 1 to 4 with the improvement provided . the variant shown in FIG. 5. In this case, 2 "spike plates are preferably used, such as those shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, which are folded into two parts 10 and 11 so as to form a right angle 9. In this way, the shearing force is distributed over a larger slab width These plates have a central zone without a point, so as to prevent points from being driven into the beams too close to the upper surface beam, which could cause breakage at the upper end of the beam.
Par souci de clarté, l'armature de répartition 15 n'a pas été représentée sur les figures 5 et 6.For the sake of clarity, the distribution frame 15 has not been shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
Le titulaire a fait exécuter des essais qui ont montré que les deux matériaux bois et béton travaillent ensemble.The holder commissioned tests which showed that the two materials wood and concrete work together.
EssaisEssays
Il a été fabriqué une poutre de section en T en béton léger de 1600 kg/m3, dont la partie supérieure est constituée par une dalle de 0,7 m de largeur par 0,14 m d'épaisseur et d'une partie inférieure constituée d'une poutre en bois de 0,21 m de hauteur par 0,11 m de largeur. La poutre en bois étant noyée dans le béton sur une hauteur de 5 cm. La poutre d'une portée de 4 m est rompue sous une charge répartie d'environ 70000 N par m=. A lightweight concrete T-section beam of 1600 kg / m 3 was made , the upper part of which is a slab 0.7 m wide by 0.14 m thick and a lower part consisting of a wooden beam 0.21 m high by 0.11 m wide. The wooden beam being embedded in the concrete over a height of 5 cm. The beam with a span of 4 m is broken under a distributed load of around 70,000 N per m =.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Plancher mixte bois-béton comprenant un ensemble de poutres en bois (1) reposant sur des appuis et liées à une dalle de béton (3), caractérisé en ce que la liaison entre le bois et le béton est assurée par des plaques métalliques (2; 2'; 2") comportant des pointes, chaque plaque ayant une partie de ses pointes enfoncées dans la poutre et au moins une autre partie de ses pointes noyées dans le béton.1. Mixed wood-concrete floor comprising a set of wooden beams (1) resting on supports and linked to a concrete slab (3), characterized in that the connection between the wood and the concrete is ensured by metal plates (2; 2 '; 2 ") comprising points, each plate having a part of its points sunk into the beam and at least another part of its points embedded in the concrete.
2. Plancher selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les plaques comportent des ouvertures.2. Floor according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates have openings.
3. Plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les parties des plaques métalliques dont les pointes sont enfoncées dans la poutre sont recou¬ vertes de béton.3. Floor according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the parts of the metal plates whose tips are driven into the beam are recou¬ green concrete.
4. Plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les plaques sont disposées par paires, les plaques d'une même paire étant fixées par enfoncement de pointes de part et d'autre de la poutre.4. Floor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plates are arranged in pairs, the plates of the same pair being fixed by driving spikes on either side of the beam.
5. Plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les plaques dont fixées par enfoncement de pointes à la surface supérieure des poutres.5. Floor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plates of which fixed by driving spikes to the upper surface of the beams.
6. Plancher selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les poutres comportent à leurs parties supérieures des épaulements destinés en particulier à recevoir des panneaux de coffrage (4) du béton.6. Floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the beams have at their upper parts shoulders intended in particular to receive formwork panels (4) of the concrete.
7. Plancher selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le béton est un béton léger cellulaire dont la masse spécifique est comprise entre 600 kg/m3 et 1600 kg/m3, de préférence 1400 kg/m3.7. Floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete is a lightweight cellular concrete whose specific mass is between 600 kg / m 3 and 1600 kg / m 3 , preferably 1400 kg / m 3 .
8. Plaque métallique à pointes pour la réalisation d'un plancher selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une zone transverse dépourvue de pointes de façon à permettre un pliage de la plaque.8. Metal plate with spikes for making a floor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a transverse zone devoid of spikes so as to allow folding of the plate.
9. Plaque métallique à pointes pour la réalisation d'un plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins une première zone transverse comportant des pointes dirigées d'un côté de la plaque et au moins une autre zone transverse comportant des pointes dirigées de l'autre côté de la plaque.9. metal plate with points for producing a floor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least a first transverse zone comprising points directed on one side of the plate and at least another transverse zone comprising points directed on the other side of the plate.
10. Procédé de fabrication d'un plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on fixe des plaques à pointes à la partie supérieure de poutres en bois par enfoncement dans la poutre d'un premier ensemble de pointes disposées sur une première partie de la plaque, la plaque comportant au moins une deuxième partie munie de pointes, laquelle est disposée en saillie par rapport à la poutre, en ce que l'on dispose les poutres sur des appuis, en ce que l'on place entre les poutres des panneaux de coffrage étanche, en ce que l'on dispose une armature de répartition en-dessus des poutres et en ce que l'on coule du béton sur le tout de façon à recouvrir lesdites deuxièmes parties desdites plaques métalliques.10. A method of manufacturing a floor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one fixes spiked plates to the upper part of wooden beams by driving into the beam of a first set of points arranged on a first part of the plate, the plate comprising at least a second part provided with points, which is arranged projecting with respect to the beam, in that the beams are placed on supports, in that the '' is placed between the beams of waterproof formwork panels, in that there is a distribution frame above the beams and in that concrete is poured over the whole so as to cover said second parts of said plates metallic.
11. Poutre en bois pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que des plaques à pointes sont fixées à' la partie supérieure de la poutre par enfoncement dans la poutre d'un premier ensemble de pointes disposées sur une première partie de chaque plaque, chaque plaque comportant au moins une deuxième partie munie de pointes et disposée en saillie par rapport à la poutre.11. Wooden beam for implementing the method according to claim 10, characterized in that point plates are fixed to 'the upper part of the beam by pressing into the beam of a first set of points arranged on a first part of each plate, each plate comprising at least a second part provided with spikes and arranged projecting relative to the beam.
12. Procédé de fabrication d'un plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on fixe des plaques à pointes à la surface de poutres déjà en place sur des appuis, par enfoncement dans la poutre d'un premier ensemble de pointes disposées sur une première partie de la plaque, la plaque comportant au moins une deuxième partie munie de pointes, laquelle est disposée en saillie par rapport à la poutre, en ce que l'on place entre les poutres des panneaux de coffrage étanche, en ce que l'on dispose une armature de répartition et en ce que l'on coule du béton sur le tout. 12. A method of manufacturing a floor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one fixes spiked plates to the surface of beams already in place on supports, by driving into the beam a first set of points arranged on a first part of the plate, the plate comprising at least a second part provided with points, which is arranged projecting with respect to the beam, in that one places between the beams of the waterproof formwork panels , in that there is a distribution reinforcement and in that concrete is poured over the whole.
EP93924484A 1992-11-14 1993-11-12 Wood/concrete composite floor Withdrawn EP0625233A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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CH3510/92 1992-11-14
CH351092A CH687397A5 (en) 1992-11-14 1992-11-14 Wood-concrete composite floor.
PCT/CH1993/000256 WO1994011589A1 (en) 1992-11-14 1993-11-12 Wood/concrete composite floor

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WO1994011589A1 (en) 1994-05-26
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