EP0615466A1 - Procede pour le depoussierage des gaz de fumee. - Google Patents

Procede pour le depoussierage des gaz de fumee.

Info

Publication number
EP0615466A1
EP0615466A1 EP92924674A EP92924674A EP0615466A1 EP 0615466 A1 EP0615466 A1 EP 0615466A1 EP 92924674 A EP92924674 A EP 92924674A EP 92924674 A EP92924674 A EP 92924674A EP 0615466 A1 EP0615466 A1 EP 0615466A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dust concentration
control
setpoint
electrostatic
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92924674A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0615466B1 (fr
Inventor
Horst Onland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Veba Kraftwerke Ruhr AG
Original Assignee
Veba Kraftwerke Ruhr AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Veba Kraftwerke Ruhr AG filed Critical Veba Kraftwerke Ruhr AG
Publication of EP0615466A1 publication Critical patent/EP0615466A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0615466B1 publication Critical patent/EP0615466B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for dedusting flue gases by means of an electrostatic precipitator, in which a direct voltage U is applied to the electrostatic precipitator positioned in the flue gas to ionize the dust particles passing through it.
  • Such a method is used in particular for the dedusting of flue gases in coal-fired power plants.
  • the flue gases generated at the power plant block are first dedusted using an electrostatic precipitator before they reach a flue gas desulfurization system.
  • the dust is separated on the electrostatic precipitator by ionizing it with a high voltage.
  • the operation of the electrostatic precipitator should be such that it is just below the Breakdown voltage is operated.
  • Current and voltage in the electrostatic filter are measured by means of measuring sensors.
  • the voltage reduction magnitude and the rate of rise are predetermined by the filter voltage regulator s such that the area shortly below the breakdown voltage is reached as quickly as possible.
  • the breakdown voltage should not be reached if possible, since wipers will occur again.
  • the full power is always on the electrostatic precipitator, even if there is only a low dust concentration in the flue gas. The known method is therefore uneconomical.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a method for dedusting flue gases, which is improved in terms of economy.
  • An upper setpoint and a lower setpoint for the dust concentration are specified, the upper setpoint being determined by the maximum permissible dust concentration and the lower setpoint by the lower limit of the dust concentration which is tolerable for economical operation, and
  • the invention is characterized in that the mode of operation of the electrostatic filter is determined by a control process which receives default values from different control stages as a function of the control difference (setpoint / actual value difference). These default values are experimentally determined process parameters which have been identified as optimal by experiment with different process states on an operating power plant block.
  • D control stages are constructed so that in the lowest control stage the maximum power is delivered to the electrostatic precipitator, while the highest control stage corresponds to the experimentally determined setting of the electrostatic precipitator b to operate with the lowest energy costs.
  • the optimal control stage is selected depending on the load condition of the power plant block.
  • the control level is selected under the influence of the specification of two setpoints, namely an upper setpoint, which from an operational point of view corresponds to the maximum permitted dust concentration of the flue gas desulfurization system and a lower setpoint, which corresponds to a dust concentration that is so low that it is a tolerable one represents lower dust concentration.
  • the lower setpoint limit thus represents a limit given by economic factors.
  • the level of the measured direct current and voltage is used to regulate the electrostatic precipitator, and the options available in the voltage regulators for setting the voltage reduction magnitude and rate of increase after wipers have occurred and the ability to suppress alternating voltage periods (clock ratio) are used.
  • the functions "pre-cleaning, medium cleaning and post-cleaning" of the electrostatic filter are each assigned separate storage sections in which the control stages are switched over in a coupled manner.
  • the optimization of the electrostatic filter process can be further improved in this way, since the regulation can be refined by dividing it into several function blocks.
  • the control stages are coupled in the memories or memory sections assigned to the individual electrostatic filters, the actual value for the dust concentration, which is relevant for the control, being arithmetically averaged to the dust concentrations measured at the respective filter outputs, use of the method according to the invention can also be achieved when several electrostatic precipitators are coupled, and the economy of the overall system can thus be further improved. It is preferably provided that the dust concentration of the flue gas entering the chimney is measured as a further process variable and that the lowest control level is selected when this value exceeds a predefinable limit value. This is a safety monitoring that is activated if, for example, the failure of the
  • Flue gas desulfurization system the dust concentration at the chimney becomes impermissibly high, so that in this case the electrostatic precipitators are operated with the greatest possible electrical power consumption.
  • the switchover from one control stage to the other takes place only after a predeterminable waiting time has elapsed. This prevents short-term fluctuations in the dust concentration leading to undesirable oscillation of the control. This increases the stability of the control.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram to explain the dedusting method according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a functional diagram for explaining the structure of a system for performing the dedusting method according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart for the dedusting process according to the invention
  • Figure 4 is a table of values of the memory for the experimentally predetermined process parameters, divided into 14 control stages
  • FIG. 5 shows a measurement protocol to explain the function of the dedusting method according to the invention.
  • an electrostatic filter E is arranged in a flue gas flow denoted by R.
  • Electro filter E is from a
  • High-voltage supply device H supplied, which in turn is fed by a two-phase network.
  • the high-voltage supply device H is controlled via a comparator circuit V, which contains a measurement signal from a sensor as an actual value
  • Flue gas flow is arranged on the output side of the electrostatic precipitator E.
  • the sensor thus measures that at the outlet of the electrostatic filter
  • the comparator circuit V also contains two inputs, at which an upper setpoint
  • control level 1 contains those process parameters which have been determined to be optimal for a full dedusting performance of the electrostatic filter E. As the ordinal number of the control stages increases, the electrical outputs that the electrostatic filter E uses by means of
  • High-voltage supply device H are supplied successively. After all, the highest control level corresponds to the lowest electrical consumption of the electrostatic filter
  • the parameter groups stored in the memory S influence the following output variables of the high-voltage supply device:
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 differs from the basic circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1 in that, on the one hand, z electrostatic filters El and E2 connected in series in the flue gas stream R. are present and furthermore because each electrostatic filter El, E2 is divided into three functional zones, namely pre-cleaning (pre-cleaning), Medium cleaning (medium) and after cleaning (after).
  • the basic structure of the control system is formed by first feeding the process variables to be measured to an analog-digital converter.
  • the measured process variables are:
  • the measured values converted in the analog-digital converter are fed to a control circuit, the function of which will be explained in detail later.
  • the output of the control circuit is an interface, at the output of which command data are output, which select the corresponding parameter group of the individual control stages as current process parameters for individual zones (pre-cleaning, medium cleaning and post-cleaning) of the respective electrostatic filters El and E2.
  • control loop The function of the control loop is as follows:
  • the lowest control level in each zone is selected as the start value for the control method in program level 2.
  • the high-voltage supply device is thus pre-cleaned in relation to both electrostatic filters and to all three zones, Medium cleaning and post-cleaning operated with the highest possible electrical output.
  • program stage 3 the process data output by the output of the analog / digital converter is transferred to the control loop and subsequently queried as follows:
  • control stage 4 the question is asked whether the dust concentration in the chimney exceeds a specified upper limit. This is further below the limit that is maximally permissible from an environmental point of view. If this is the case, the program via the feedback loop to stage 2 is selected in such a way that control stage 1 is set independently of the previously selected control stage. If this is not the case, the program step 5 below asks whether the total feed water quantity is less than a predetermined minimum value. If this is the case, this indicates that the power plant block in question is in the start-up or shutdown mode. Since economic considerations play less of a role than a possible good dedusting, control level 1 is also selected when the minimum value of the total feed water quantity is undershot in order to operate the electrostatic precipitators with the greatest possible electrical output.
  • control process first runs through a waiting element with a dead time of ten minutes, so that short-term failures of the measured values do not affect the entire process. If there is still a failure of the actual values after the waiting time has elapsed, it becomes independent of the previously selected control level by means of the program level 16 via the feedback to the program level 2, the control level 2 is selected as an "emergency program" before the program sequence is interrupted in program level 17 and an error message is given in the program level 18 for waiting.
  • the program sequence can be restarted with a step.
  • the mean value is subsequently formed in program stage 7 from the two actual values of the dust concentrations. This mean value is considered as the actual control variable in the following:
  • Average dust concentration is greater than the upper one
  • Target value (cf. input variable target in comparator stage V max of FIG. 1). If this is the case, it means that di
  • High-voltage supply device H for supplying the
  • Electrofilter El, E2 must be changed so that a higher power is output.
  • the program first runs through a waiting element 10, which has a time delay of, for example, one minute.
  • Correction result of program level 8 is corrected such that the upper setpoint is no longer exceeded
  • the previously selected control level is reduced by one step in program level 12, that is, who should drive with gradually increased performance.
  • the parameter groups belonging to the newly selected control level are called up via program level 14. The parameterizations are selected so that the highest possible degree of dust separation with a possible low electrical power consumption can be expected from results previously determined experimentally in the optimal process.
  • program stage 9 queries whether the lower target value (target at the input of the min comparator circuit V in FIG. 1) is undershot.
  • the lower setpoint is set so that it represents an economic limit, i.e. a low one
  • the control system endeavors not to let the dust concentration drop below the economically tolerable lower setpoint.
  • the control remains in the selected control level. If, however, this value is undershot, a waiting time element is first run through again in order to avoid that short-term shortfalls in the lower setpoint value would lead to instability in the control process. If, after the waiting time has elapsed, the below displayed lower setpoint value is not confirmed, the selected control level remains unchanged.
  • control stage 11 confirms that the lower setpoint has been undershot, the control stage is increased by one step in subsequent program stage 13, so that the energy supplied to the electrostatic filters is increased step by step is reduced and thus a corresponding saving in energy costs is achieved.
  • FIG. 4 An example of the parameterization of the individual control stages can be seen in FIG. 4. From this it can be seen that 14 control levels are provided in a vertical order and that individual parameter sets for pre-cleaning (2nd column), medium cleaning (3-column) and post-cleaning (. Column) are assigned to these 1 control levels and are assigned the program names F, 0 , 1,2,3,4 are designated.
  • control stage 1 for the pre-cleaning shows that the full direct voltage (100%), the full direct current (100%), a 70% voltage rise rate, a 10i voltage reduction variable and a clock ratio are used such that three alternating voltage periods are masked out.
  • Corresponding parameter sets apply to the middle and subsequent cleaning.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the control parameters i of the pre-cleaning and also in the middle cleaning are not changed, while in the post-cleaning the cycle ratio of the DC voltage is changed from 3 to 2. Only the functional section "post-cleaning" thus requires an increase in energy, while the other functional sections remain unchanged.
  • FIG. 5 finally shows a measurement protocol which was recorded during a practical test of the dedusting method according to the invention in a typical load case of a power plant block.
  • the column shows the time and the following four columns the corresponding values of the actual values recorded by the analog-digital converter in FIG. 2.
  • a maximum of the power to be provided by the power station bloc is between 7:00 p.m. and 7:30 p.m.
  • the following column “Filter performance” corresponds to compliance with the permissible dust values for the electrical energy required to supply the El and E2 electrostatic filters, which are each divided into three zones: pre-cleaning, central cleaning and post-cleaning.
  • the following columns show the respective programs in the individual filter zones of the two filters 1 and 2.
  • the program numbers correspond to those in the "Progr.” of Fig. 4.
  • the last column shows the control level selected at the respective time. From this it can be seen that in times of low load the economic control level 14 to about 18.35 is sufficient.
  • the output of the electrostatic precipitator is then gradually increased until the highest output at Loadf is reached at around 6:52 p.m. (control level 3) - then the dedusting performance provided in the electrostatic precipitators can be reduced again until finally the most economical control stage 14 around 8:30 p.m. is achieved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour le dépoussiérage des gaz de fumée au moyen d'un électrofiltre E, placé dans le flux des gaz de fumée et alimenté en tension continue pour ioniser les particules de poussière qui le traversent. Pour obtenir un fonctionnement aussi efficace que possible des électrofiltres aux points de vue écologique et économique, l'invention prévoit de mesurer en continu la concentration de poussières à la sortie de l'électrofiltre en amont de l'installation de désulfuration des gaz de fumée, des valeurs de consigne supérieure et inférieure étant prédéterminées pour la concentration de poussières, et des paramètres de processus prédéterminés étant déduits expérimentalement par un comparateur V à partir d'un réservoir S, selon un processus optimal pour le dépoussièrage et le rendement, fournissant des signaux pour le réglage de l'électrofiltre.
EP92924674A 1991-12-06 1992-12-05 Procede pour le depoussierage des gaz de fumee Expired - Lifetime EP0615466B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4140228 1991-12-06
DE4140228A DE4140228C2 (de) 1991-12-06 1991-12-06 Verfahren zur Entstaubung von Rauchgasen
PCT/EP1992/002815 WO1993010901A1 (fr) 1991-12-06 1992-12-05 Procede pour le depoussierage des gaz de fumee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0615466A1 true EP0615466A1 (fr) 1994-09-21
EP0615466B1 EP0615466B1 (fr) 1995-08-16

Family

ID=6446417

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92924674A Expired - Lifetime EP0615466B1 (fr) 1991-12-06 1992-12-05 Procede pour le depoussierage des gaz de fumee

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0615466B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE126455T1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ284410B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE4140228C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2096780T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL169619B1 (fr)
SK (1) SK281289B6 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993010901A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19529769A1 (de) * 1995-08-12 1997-02-13 Hengst Walter Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Elektrofilters bzw. einer Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung
DE10050188C1 (de) * 2000-10-09 2002-01-24 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Elektrofilters
EP1872858A3 (fr) * 2006-06-29 2011-05-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'optimisation d'un filtre électrostatique multi-zones
EP2873464A1 (fr) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-20 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Filtration d'un gaz d'échappement, présentant des particules solides, d'une installation technique sidérurgique
CN112934467A (zh) * 2021-01-27 2021-06-11 华能国际电力股份有限公司营口电厂 基于生产负荷的电除尘整流变压器输出功率智能控制方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56500808A (fr) * 1980-03-17 1981-06-18
DE3140609A1 (de) * 1980-03-17 1982-07-29 Envirotech Corp Power controller for electrostatic precipitator
DE3040330A1 (de) * 1980-10-25 1982-06-03 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur regelung der betriebsspannung eines elektrostatischen abscheiders
DK355382A (da) * 1982-08-09 1984-02-10 Smidth & Co As F L Fremgangsmaade til styring af et impulsdrevet elektrofilter til minimal effektoptagelse ved en given rensningsgrad
DE3326041A1 (de) * 1983-07-20 1985-02-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Regeleinrichtung fuer ein elektrofilter
DE3910123C1 (en) * 1989-03-29 1990-05-23 Walther & Cie Ag, 5000 Koeln, De Method for optimising the energy consumption when operating an electrostatic precipitator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9310901A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4140228A1 (de) 1993-06-09
PL169619B1 (pl) 1996-08-30
WO1993010901A1 (fr) 1993-06-10
CZ284410B6 (cs) 1998-11-11
DE59203312D1 (de) 1995-09-21
ATE126455T1 (de) 1995-09-15
SK33294A3 (en) 1994-11-09
ES2096780T3 (es) 1997-03-16
EP0615466B1 (fr) 1995-08-16
CZ61494A3 (en) 1994-07-13
SK281289B6 (sk) 2001-02-12
DE4140228C2 (de) 1994-01-20

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