WO2007085372A1 - Dispositif de commutation de sécurité et procédé d'arrêt sécurisé d'un récepteur électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation de sécurité et procédé d'arrêt sécurisé d'un récepteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007085372A1
WO2007085372A1 PCT/EP2007/000402 EP2007000402W WO2007085372A1 WO 2007085372 A1 WO2007085372 A1 WO 2007085372A1 EP 2007000402 W EP2007000402 W EP 2007000402W WO 2007085372 A1 WO2007085372 A1 WO 2007085372A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
switching
switching device
energy store
winding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/000402
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hubert Strobel
Original Assignee
Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2007085372A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007085372A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety switching device for safely switching off an electrical load, with an input for connecting a signaling device, an output-side switching device for safe shutdown of the consumer, a control / evaluation, which controls the switching device in response to the signaling device, and a power supply to Providing an operating voltage
  • the power supply comprises: an input for receiving an input side mains voltage, an output at which an operating voltage can be tapped off, a transformer whose primary winding is coupled to the input and whose secondary winding is connected to the output and which has an auxiliary winding which is coupled to a magnetic flux of the transformer, a switching regulator for controlling a current flow through the transformer, and an energy storage for supplying the switching regulator in continuous operation with a stabilized voltage.
  • the invention further relates to a method for safely switching off an electrical load, comprising the steps:
  • control / evaluation unit controls the switching device
  • the energy store supplies the switching regulator in continuous operation with a stabilized voltage
  • the switching regulator regulates a current through the primary winding.
  • a safety switching device and such a method are known from DE 102 08 578 Al.
  • a safety switching device is any switching device that meets at least category 3, preferably even category 4 of the European standard EN 954-1 or a comparable safety standard. These include in particular switching devices, safety controllers, and sensor and actuator modules, which are used for the control and implementation of safety-critical tasks in the field of industrial production environments.
  • switching devices which monitor the operating position of an emergency stop switch or a protective door or, for example, the functional state of a light barrier and switch off a machine or a machine area in dependence thereon. Failure of such safety switching devices can be life-threatening consequences for machine personnel, which is why safety switching devices may only be used if they are approved by the competent supervisory authorities (in Germany, for example, the professional associations).
  • safety switching devices are to allow country-dependent operation at different mains voltages.
  • wide-voltage power supplies have been developed that can produce a desired operating voltage from different line voltages.
  • Such a function can be advantageously realized with a switching regulator, since this can adapt to different voltages due to its internal control function.
  • the desired operating voltage is generated by means of a periodic turn-on and turn-off, which is pulse width modulated in dependence on the desired operating voltage. From the aforementioned DE 102 05 578 Al, the basics of a safety switching device are known, this font specifically deals with the aspect of a wide-voltage power supply. The invention described therein pursues the approach of using a plurality of switching regulators in parallel to produce a desired operating voltage at a plurality of possible input voltages.
  • At least one of the switching regulators is then activated in each case.
  • This switching regulator determines the current flow through the transformer and regulates the operating voltage in a known manner. Non-activated switching regulators are meanwhile inoperative.
  • the switch-on delay should also be reduced.
  • the object is achieved by a safety switching device of the type mentioned, in which the energy store is connected to the auxiliary winding to direct an induced current in the auxiliary winding to the energy storage.
  • the object is achieved by an aforementioned method in which the energy storage is charged by means of the induced current in the auxiliary winding.
  • the invention is based on the finding that rapid switching on and / or off of the output-side switching device can be effected or assisted by quickly building up the operating voltage provided by the power supply when switching on, or rapidly breaking it when switching off. It has also been recognized that the buffering capacity used to smooth the rectified line voltage to the rectifier has a significant impact on the safety critical off-delay.
  • the operating voltage of the power supply usually breaks down only when the voltage has fallen far enough above the buffer capacity. Since the energy storage, which ensures the supply of the switching regulator in continuous operation with a stabilized voltage, but no longer depends on the primary winding, but is fed according to the invention via the auxiliary winding, the voltage in the secondary winding and thus the operating voltage when switching off quickly collapse, too when the energy storage is still charged.
  • the faster collapse of the operating voltage allows a faster response of the output side switching device and thus overall faster safe shutdown of the electrical load.
  • the inventive arrangement of the energy storage it is also possible to significantly reduce the buffer capacity and to reduce the turn-on delay. In addition, there is a more constant, that is predictable, off-delay because the effects of the buffer capacitor become negligible.
  • the energy store is selected as a capacitor with a capacitance between 5 ⁇ F and 500 ⁇ F, preferably between 10 ⁇ F and 100 ⁇ F, in particular between 15 ⁇ F and 50 ⁇ F. It is the primary task of the energy storage to stabilize the supply voltage of the switching regulator, for example, when the instantaneous mains voltage is located as an AC voltage in the vicinity of the zero crossing. Although it is possible, but not essential for the implementation of the invention, that the energy storage alone supplies the switching regulator with energy. It should be noted that it is no longer necessary to carry out the buffering capacity as an electrolytic capacitor.
  • a small capacitor for example a film or multilayer capacitor, is now used. On the other hand, however, it should be so large that a voltage ripple due to the switching regulator frequency is sufficiently suppressed.
  • the energy storage is dimensioned so that no further energy-storing element is required to supply the switching regulator in continuous operation with a stabilized voltage.
  • the invention makes it possible that only the energy storage is needed for the stabilized power supply of the switching regulator. As a result, the turn-on delay is particularly small. Since the energy store is fed from the auxiliary winding, no disadvantages arise with a correspondingly large dimensioning of the energy store. In particular, the only slight switch-off delay is retained and particularly easy to determine.
  • the energy store is connected via a diode to a supply voltage input of the switching regulator.
  • the diode is oriented in such a way that it blocks in the direction from the supply voltage input to the energy store. So it can be ensured that the energy storage can stabilize the supply voltage input with respect to the applied voltage, but that no energy is subtracted from the supply voltage input to charge the energy storage.
  • the supply voltage input is connected to the primary winding, for example via a resistor, a direct current flow from the primary side or from the rectified mains voltage to the energy storage is suppressed.
  • This has the advantage that, when the safety switching device is switched on, it is not only necessary to wait for the energy storage device to be charged before there is sufficient voltage at the supply voltage input. Since the energy storage is charged to a certain extent delayed in time via the auxiliary winding, the switching regulator is almost immediately ready for operation after switching on the mains voltage. This further reduces the turn-on delay.
  • the supply voltage input is also coupled to an auxiliary energy storage, wherein the auxiliary energy storage is just dimensioned to provide the switching regulator during a start phase with energy until the energy storage provides the stabilized voltage.
  • the auxiliary energy storage can be chosen very small, in particular must not be taken into account in its dimensioning the later required stabilized power supply, since this is taken from the energy storage.
  • the auxiliary energy storage is selected as a capacitor with a capacitance between 50 nF and 5000 nF, preferably between 150 nF and 1500 nF, in particular between 250 nF and 750 nF.
  • the switch-on delay remains low.
  • the energy store and the auxiliary energy store are arranged in such a way that no energy from the energy store is required to switch on the switching regulator.
  • This refinement makes it possible for the switching regulator to become active as soon as the auxiliary energy store is sufficiently charged, without the charge state of the energy store being important. This means that in the starting phase of the switching regulator, although a current can flow from the energy store to the switching regulator, this current would only have a supporting effect.
  • the switching regulator is also active without a current from the energy store.
  • a load capacitance is arranged parallel to the secondary winding, which can be connected via a switching element to the secondary winding and separated from the secondary winding.
  • the load capacitance is used to tune the output of the power supply to the characteristic of the load connected to the secondary winding. Since this load capacity is regularly chosen rather large, for example, between 50 uF and 500 uF, the load capacity has a significant impact on the on and off characteristics of the power supply.
  • the switching element now leads to the fact that the load capacitance can be connected to the secondary winding or separated from it. If the load capacitance is separated from the secondary, it has no or no appreciable influence on the switching on and off of the power supply. Once the operating voltage has stabilized on the secondary side of the power supply, then the load capacity can be switched on.
  • the turn-off delay is preferably determined primarily by means of the load capacitance.
  • At least one pole of the output can be connected via a switching element to the secondary winding and separated from the secondary winding.
  • the switching on and off of the power supply or the safety switching device can be made substantially independent of the load, which is connected to the output of the safety switching device.
  • the load is then switched on when the operating voltage has stabilized.
  • the switching element is designed to switch when exceeding or falling below a voltage threshold.
  • the switching element monitors the voltage on the secondary side and switches the load capacitance and / or the pole of the output to the secondary winding as soon as a sufficiently large voltage is generated on the secondary side.
  • the switching element may be particularly advantageously designed as a semiconductor switch.
  • the switching regulator controls the transformer as a flyback converter.
  • the flyback converter principle is sufficiently well known for switching power supplies. Compared to the forward converter, the flyback converter has the advantage, in terms of the safety aspect, that the operating voltage generated at the output becomes zero when a fault or malfunction occurs on the primary side. Except- The devices connected on the secondary side are galvanically isolated from a fault on the primary side. The power supply and thus the safety switching device thus automatically goes into a safe state in the event of a fault on the mains voltage side.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining the structure of a safety switching device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the secondary side according to the Fig. 2, and
  • Fig. 4 shows a modular construction on the secondary side of a switching power supply according to the invention.
  • a safety switching device in its entirety by the reference numeral 10.
  • the safety switching device 10 has a control / evaluation unit 12 and a power supply 14.
  • the power supply 14 is supplied via the mains voltage terminals Al, A2 from a voltage source 16 with a mains voltage U.
  • the mains voltage U can be a DC as well as an AC voltage.
  • Connected to the safety switching device 10 via an input 17 is a signaling device 18, for example an emergency stop switch or a light barrier, and an output-side switching device 19, an electrical consumer 20th
  • the consumer 20 is, for example, an automated machine.
  • the control of the consumer 20 is usually done via a safety circuit. If the safety switching device 10 closes the safety circuit, the consumer 20 may perform a certain activity, e.g. a pressing of sheets, perform. If the safety switching device 10 interrupts the safety circuit, the load 20 stops and / or is de-energized. After such a state, the safety switching device 10 releases the consumer 20 only when all required safety conditions are met.
  • Fig. 2 the circuit diagram shows a part of the safety switching device 10.
  • the elements are shown and described below, which are necessary for understanding the invention.
  • Manual Safety by Winfried Graf, Hüthig Book Publishing GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany, ISBN 3-7785- 2633-2.
  • a buffer capacity Cl is indicated by dashed lines.
  • the dashed lines indicate that the buffering capacity Cl is optional. It may for example be designed as a small capacity for filtering high-frequency components, but is not necessarily required for stable operation of the power supply 14.
  • a switching regulator IC is connected to the input terminal El.
  • a Zener diode Dl and an auxiliary energy storage C2 are arranged.
  • the power supply 14 has a transformer 24 with a primary winding 26, a secondary winding 28 and an auxiliary winding 30, wherein the auxiliary winding 30 is here coupled to the magnetic flux of the secondary winding 28 and has a synchronous voltage curve.
  • a Zener diode D2 and a diode D3 are connected to each other and parallel to the primary winding 26.
  • a current induced in the auxiliary winding 30 flows via the resistor R2 and the diode D4 to the node 32. Depending on the current voltage conditions, the current then either flows into the energy store C3 and / or via the diode D5 to the node 34.
  • the switching regulator IC has a connection 36, which is coupled to the connection 40 for voltage monitoring on the secondary side 38 of the power supply 14. This feedback causes too high a voltage at the terminal 40, the current through the primary winding 26 on the primary side 42 is reduced, or if the voltage at the terminal 40 is too low, the current through the primary winding 26 is increased.
  • the secondary side 38 shows a diode D6 and a capacitor C4, which is arranged parallel to the secondary winding 28. Furthermore, a transistor Tl is shown whose gate G is connected to a zener diode D7. Parallel to the secondary winding 28, a load capacitance C5 is further arranged, the negative terminal but can be decoupled from the secondary winding 28 through the transistor Tl. Finally, the operating voltage terminals Kl, K2 are shown, between which an operating voltage UB applied. Preferably, the operating voltage UB is between 18 V and 26 V, in particular between 20 V and 24 V.
  • the switching regulator IC is now active and releases a current flow through the primary winding 26.
  • the supply current of the switching regulator IC which was previously very small (in particular about 0.2 mA), is now increasing (in particular to about 6 mA).
  • the voltage at C2 drops again because the discharge current is greater (in particular much larger) than the charging current.
  • the auxiliary energy store C2 is dimensioned so that it supplies the switching regulator IC until the energy store C3, in cooperation with the current flow via the resistor R1, ensures the power supply of the switching regulator IC.
  • the energy storage C3 is required to buffer the zero crossings of the mains voltage U. Otherwise, the switching regulator would have to restart after each zero crossing so that the output voltage would not set.
  • the zener diode D7 breaks down and the transistor Tl is turned on between source S and drain D.
  • the load capacitance C5 is coupled to the secondary winding 28.
  • the safety switching device 10 is ready for operation.
  • a transistor Tl is advantageously a type with built-in short-circuit Used final protection, in particular a MOSFET.
  • the capacitance C4 can be chosen small and is provided for EMC reasons, while the load capacity C5 is rather large (depending on the consumer 20).
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the secondary side 38 of the power supply 14.
  • the load capacitance C5 is now directly connected to the secondary winding 28.
  • the transistor Tl is now designed as a p-channel MOSFET and interrupts the connection to the operating voltage terminal Kl. When a sufficiently large voltage is present, the transistor Tl is turned on and the operating voltage terminal Kl connected to the secondary winding 28. It should be noted at this point to a peculiarity of the circuit shown.
  • the auxiliary energy store C2 falls short of the minimum voltage required for the operation of the switching regulator IC, before the supply can take place via the auxiliary winding 30 or the energy store C3.
  • One cause is to be seen in the large capacity of the parallel circuit of C4 and C5. In this case the following procedure takes place:
  • a current flow through the primary winding 26 occurs, which also causes a charging current into the capacitor C4 and the load capacitance C5. If the voltage at the auxiliary energy storage C2 now drops below said minimum voltage, the current regulator IC becomes inactive. This results in that the primary winding 26 no longer carries power and the auxiliary power storage C2 is reloaded. As soon as the required supply voltage is present again at the supply voltage input 44, the switching regulator IC becomes active again. This again leads to a current flow through the primary winding 26 and thus to a charging current in the capacitance C4 and in the load capacitance C5.
  • Fig. 4 shows a particularly advantageous modular design, which can be realized by means of the invention.
  • an emergency stop switch 46, a voltage monitoring device 48 and a load 50 are now arranged on the secondary side 38 of the power supply 14. Further drawn in are first voltage inputs VH, second voltage inputs VL, signal inputs SI and signal outputs SO.
  • the power supply of the devices 46, 48, 50 is realized by means of the first and second voltage inputs VH, VL.
  • the functional interaction is as follows: The basic premise that the load 50 can be switched is that the emergency stop switch 46 has not been operated. Only in this case, the emergency stop switch 46 transmits an enable signal from its signal output SO to the signal input SI of the voltage monitoring device 48.
  • the voltage monitoring device 48 monitors the secondary-side voltage and only generates an enable signal at its signal output SO when a certain voltage level is reached or exceeded. Depending on the implementation, the voltage monitoring device 48 may also be designed to monitor a period of time and possibly generate an enable signal only after a period of time expires.
  • the load 50 is finally switched as soon as it receives an enable signal at its signal input SI. As soon as either the emergency stop switch 46 or the voltage monitoring device 48 detects an unsafe condition, the load 50 is switched off.
  • the consumer is switched on after switching on the power supply, preferably delayed or voltage monitored.
  • the power supply preferably has a wide-range input.
  • the switch-off delay is preferably set independently of the input voltage by the choice of the load capacitance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de commutation de sécurité (10) destiné à l'arrêt sécurisé d'un récepteur électrique (20), comportant une entrée (17) pour l'arrêt d'un appareil de signalisation (18), un système de commutation (19) côté sortie, pour l'arrêt sécurisé du récepteur (20), une unité de commande/évaluation (12) commandant le système de commutation (19) en fonction de l'appareil de signalisation (18), et un élément d'alimentation (14) pour fournir une tension de fonctionnement (UB). L'élément d'alimentation (14) comporte une entrée (A1, A2) destinée à recevoir une tension réseau (U) côté entrée, une sortie (K1, K2) sur laquelle une tension de fonctionnement (UB) peut être prélevée, un transmetteur (24) dont l'enroulement primaire (26) est couplé à l'entrée (A1, A2) et l'enroulement secondaire (28) est couplé à la sortie (K1, K2), présentant un enroulement auxiliaire (30) couplé à un flux magnétique du transmetteur (24), un régulateur de commutation (IC) destiné à réguler un flux de courant au travers du transmetteur (24), et un accumulateur d'énergie (C3) destiné à alimenter le régulateur de commutation (IC) en continu avec une tension stabilisée. Le dispositif de commutation de sécurité (10) selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que l'accumulateur d'énergie (C3) est connecté à l'enroulement auxiliaire (30) afin de guider un courant induit dans l'enroulement auxiliaire (30), vers l'accumulateur d'énergie (C3). L'invention concerne également un procédé correspondant d'arrêt sécurisé d'un récepteur électrique (20).
PCT/EP2007/000402 2006-01-26 2007-01-18 Dispositif de commutation de sécurité et procédé d'arrêt sécurisé d'un récepteur électrique WO2007085372A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610004558 DE102006004558A1 (de) 2006-01-26 2006-01-26 Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtung und Verfahren zum sicheren Abschalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers
DE102006004558.0 2006-01-26

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WO2007085372A1 true WO2007085372A1 (fr) 2007-08-02

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DE (1) DE102006004558A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007085372A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9923359B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2018-03-20 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Safety switching device with a safe power supply unit

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012101516A1 (de) * 2012-02-24 2013-08-29 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtung mit Netzteil

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US5459652A (en) * 1994-01-28 1995-10-17 Compaq Computer Corp. Boot strap circuit for power up control of power supplies
EP0803883A1 (fr) * 1996-04-27 1997-10-29 TDK Corporation Transformateur de convertisseur
US5818670A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-10-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Switching mode power supply with protection function against overcurrent and overvoltage
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EP0803883A1 (fr) * 1996-04-27 1997-10-29 TDK Corporation Transformateur de convertisseur
DE10208578A1 (de) * 2002-02-22 2003-09-18 Pilz Gmbh & Co Schaltnetzteil, insbesondere zur Spannungsversorgung von Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtungen, sowie Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtung mit einem solchen Schaltnetzteil
US20040257839A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2004-12-23 Ta-Yung Yang Primary-side regulated pulse width modulation controller with improved load regulation

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9923359B2 (en) 2013-02-01 2018-03-20 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Safety switching device with a safe power supply unit

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