EP0614729B1 - Clamping device for clamping workpieces on machinetables or pallets - Google Patents

Clamping device for clamping workpieces on machinetables or pallets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0614729B1
EP0614729B1 EP94101944A EP94101944A EP0614729B1 EP 0614729 B1 EP0614729 B1 EP 0614729B1 EP 94101944 A EP94101944 A EP 94101944A EP 94101944 A EP94101944 A EP 94101944A EP 0614729 B1 EP0614729 B1 EP 0614729B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clamping
clamping device
pin
lever
sliding joint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP94101944A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0614729A1 (en
Inventor
David Fischer
Rudolf Kohlert
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Individual
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Individual
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B5/00Clamps
    • B25B5/06Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
    • B25B5/061Arrangements for positively actuating jaws with fluid drive
    • B25B5/064Arrangements for positively actuating jaws with fluid drive with clamping means pivoting around an axis perpendicular to the pressing direction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B5/00Clamps
    • B25B5/06Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
    • B25B5/061Arrangements for positively actuating jaws with fluid drive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clamping device for clamping workpieces on machine tables, devices or pallets by means of a tiltably mounted clamping lever which is articulated to a hydraulically driven clamping piston and whose pivot point is displaceably located in the clamping plane.
  • clamping claws It is known to hold workpieces on machine tables in their working position by means of so-called clamping claws. It is important that the workpiece to be clamped has enough space to be placed on and removed from the machine table.
  • the clamping devices are therefore designed so that their clamping members can be removed from the area of the workpiece.
  • tilting devices are also known which, when tilted up, release the workpiece for removal.
  • the clamping elements of such tilting devices do not perform a linear movement when clamping the workpiece, but are fed to the workpiece in a circular path. This can inevitably result in a sliding movement on the workpiece when the clamping claw is placed on the workpiece. This movement is undesirable.
  • a tensioning device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known (DE-G 86 21 050.5), in which the tensioning element is mounted by means of a bolt which can be displaced in an elongated hole.
  • An alternative provides for the pin to be assigned to the tensioning element and for the elongated hole to be introduced into the guide element.
  • the clamping element is reduced in its power transmission capacity, since the resulting webs above and below the continuous elongated holes experience a significant weakening, especially when long holes are required to enlarge the part of the clamping lever that extends over the workpiece.
  • the object of the invention is to introduce the clamping force perpendicular to the workpiece and to carry out the clamping lever stably mounted in a rigid housing with a sufficiently large clamping projection, and to keep the closing and opening angle of the clamping lever as small as possible.
  • the latter to make do with small tensioning piston strokes.
  • the pivoting movement of the levers must be linked with a sliding movement in such a way that smaller designs are possible.
  • the clamping device must be designed so that the workpiece can be brought into the desired position without hindrance and can be removed again.
  • this is achieved in that the tensioning lever is guided in a rigid base body and in that on the inside of the fork head sliding joint grooves are open on both sides, in which a flattened sliding joint pin of the tensioning lever is slidably guided.
  • the advantage of the invention lies in the space-saving arrangement in a rigid base body and in the lower overall height of the entire clamping element and also in the force acting perpendicularly on the workpiece at the moment of clamping.
  • Another advantage is the side-stable mounting of the tensioning lever, which results from the rigid fork head-shaped design of the base body. The number of components is reduced, the clamped workpiece can also better withstand lateral machining forces.
  • a base body 6 the tensioning elements are mounted with all their moving parts.
  • the base body 6 is provided with fastening elements 8 and can thus be built up on work tables, pallets, devices, etc.
  • a piston chamber 5 is provided in the base body 6, in which the tensioning piston 2 is moved axially.
  • the tensioning piston 2 is moved hydraulically in both directions by means of the double-acting hydraulic piston 10.
  • the tensioning piston 2 carries at its end protruding from the base body a ball pin 3 which is rotatably mounted.
  • the ball pin 3 is provided with a pin 14.
  • the tensioning lever 1 is arranged in the base body 6 at the same time.
  • This tensioning lever 1 has a sliding hinge pin 4 around the center of which the tensioning lever can be tilted.
  • the sliding hinge pin 4 is in turn guided in a sliding hinge groove 12.
  • the sliding joint pin is slidably mounted in this sliding joint groove 12. This displaceability can take place in that the sliding hinge pin is flattened at its ends or has a square shape, so that its ends can be guided in a groove each.
  • the base body for receiving the sliding hinge pin 4 is expediently fork-shaped and appropriately provided with a groove 12 on the inner surface of the forks.
  • the rocker arm 1 has a clamping surface 11 on one side and is provided with a bore 13 on the other side.
  • the pin 14 of the ball joint pin 3 is fastened in this bore 13.
  • the bore 13 is introduced into the tensioning lever 1 so that its center line to the axis of the piston 2 has an inclination in the tensioned position of the lever, preferably of 23 °.
  • the inclined position of the ball pin 3 ensures that a similar angular position of the ball pin, but in the opposite direction, is created in the retracted relaxation position and thus, despite the necessary thick ball neck, a large ball turning movement and also the necessary pivoting movement of the tensioning lever is made possible
  • the ball bore in the tensioning piston is not shortened and the tensioning piston and the tensioning device can be made smaller.
  • the center point of the ball pin 3 forms a straight line with the center line through the sliding joint groove 12 and thus with the center point of the sliding joint pin 4 and the clamping surface 11. This is advantageous for the power transmission, since in this clamping position there is no longitudinal displacement of the clamping lever and lateral forces are thereby kept away from the piston rod and workpiece.
  • the clamping lever 1 lies flat with its clamping surface 11 on the workpiece 9 to be clamped.
  • the movement that the tensioning lever 1 and its pivot points perform during the tensioning process results from the triangle ABC shown in FIG. 1c.
  • the size of this triangle always remains the same in all positions. This ensures that the sliding joint pin in the groove 12 must slide to the right in the plane of the paper, as the tensioning piston 2 is guided axially upwards. It can also be seen from this that the clamping surface 11 has assumed a parallel position to the workpiece 9 when the clamping process has ended.
  • a channel 7 is introduced for the connection of the hydraulics.
  • the arrangement of the base body 6 according to FIG. 1 requires that the workpieces 9 to be clamped always have the same size. If, on the other hand, workpieces of different heights are to be clamped, adaptation to the clamping device is necessary.
  • the base body 6 in addition to the usual known designs, according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 2c, provision is made for the base body 6 to be provided with an external thread 15 and for it to be screwed into a plate or the like.
  • This plate can be part of a machine table, device or a pallet.
  • the advantage is that the base body can now be rotated out of the plate and the rocker arm can thus be brought to different heights. If the plate also picks up the workpiece, the height of the individual workpieces can be adjusted.
  • the base body which can be screwed in and out only has to be fixed in the respective working position and must be designed in such a way that the rocker arm can always carry out its pushing and tilting movements.
  • the base body can also be provided with a locking device opposite the mounting plate.
  • FIG. 2 Another variant is shown in FIG. 2:
  • the lower part of the housing is pot-shaped and can be fixed in the bore of a device plate by means of fastening elements (screws).
  • the dimension x (Fig. 2) can be kept small in this embodiment.
  • the design of the sliding joint 4, 12 can also take place in such a way that the sliding joint consists of a cylindrical bolt and two sliding blocks.
  • the arrangement of the movement elements is made such that they assume positions inclined to the base body. This makes it possible to create designs that can be kept very low in height.
  • the tensioning piston 20 is arranged inclined at an angle with respect to the vertical through the base body. Since the power transmission to the workpiece to be clamped must always be carried out in a straight line, the clamping surface 25 must assume the same position as shown in FIG. 1. The force ratio between the elements thus changes with regard to the position which the elements have in relation to one another. It has been shown that the sliding joint groove 22 also has to be inclined with respect to the vertical through the base body in order to allow the force F3 (FIG. 3) resulting from the forces F1 and F2 to act at right angles to the groove direction and thus to exclude transverse forces on the piston rod and workpiece .
  • F3 FIG. 3
  • This groove 22 is predetermined by the angle that results in the tensioned state between the center of the ball pin 23 and a point in the plane of the clamping surface 25.
  • the center line through the groove 22 runs perpendicular to the bisector of the angle between the points ABC according to FIG. 3.
  • the best force transmission of the clamping lever is achieved in the clamping position without a sliding movement on the piston rod and workpiece. It is particularly advantageous here if the axis x of the tensioning piston 20 (FIG. 3) and the beam through articulation points AB form an angle of approximately 90 ° in the clamping position and the beam forms a horizontal line through the articulation point B and support point C (in the plane of the drawing). There are then no sliding movements in the clamping position on the clamping lever and lateral forces are kept away from the clamping piston and workpiece.
  • the spherical caps 16, 18 serve to receive the spherical bolt 3.
  • the spherical caps can each be assigned to the tensioning piston 2 or the tensioning lever 1.
  • the ball connection as such has the advantage that the center of the joint and the end of the piston bearing form a plane in the retracted state. This ball connection sustains large clamping pressures over the long term.
  • the lobes of the spherical caps may only enclose the ball pin on the side so as not to hinder the swivel stroke. It is therefore advisable to provide a locking mechanism between the spherical cap and the ball pin.
  • Fig. 4 shows such a ball design in which the spherical cap 16 is arranged at the end of the tensioning piston 2.
  • the ball pin 3 is part of the tensioning lever 1.
  • the spherical cap 16 largely encloses the ball pin 3 with its tabs (see FIG. 4a).
  • Fig. 5 shows the embodiment in which the spherical cap 18 is assigned to the clamping lever 1 and the ball pin 3 is fixedly arranged at the end of the clamping piston 2. At the end of the spherical cap 18, two tabs are formed which have pin bores centrally for the spherical cap center to receive the pin 19.
  • connection is simple, in particular if ball pins and tensioning pistons form a whole.
  • construction can be made shorter overall and the power transmission is better.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Spannvorrichtung zum Spannen von Werkstücken auf Maschinentischen, Vorrichtungen oder Paletten mittels eines kippbar gelagerten Spannhebels, der gelenkig mit einem hydraulisch angetriebenen Spannkolben verbunden ist und dessen Drehpunkt in der Spannebene verschiebbar gelagen ist.The invention relates to a clamping device for clamping workpieces on machine tables, devices or pallets by means of a tiltably mounted clamping lever which is articulated to a hydraulically driven clamping piston and whose pivot point is displaceably located in the clamping plane.

Es ist bekannt, Werkstücke auf Maschinentischen mittels sogenannter Spannpratzen in ihrer Arbeitslage festzuhalten. Wichtig ist, daß das zu spannende Werkstück einen genügend großen Freiraum hat, um auf dem Maschinentisch aufgelegt und wieder entnommen zu werden. Die Spannvorrichtungen werden daher so gestaltet, daß sich ihre Spannorgane aus dem Bereich des Werkstückes entfernen lassen. Neben bekannten Anordnungen, die seitlich aus der Spannebene herausgeschwenkt werden, sind auch Kippvorrichtungen bekannt die hochgekippt das Werkstück zur Entnahme frei geben. Die Spannorgane solcher Kippvorrichtungen führen beim Spannen des Werkstückes aber keine geradlinige Bewegung aus, sondern werden auf einer Kreisbahn dem Werkstück zugeführt. Damit kann zwangsläufig im Augenblick des Aufsetzens der Spannpratze auf das Werkstück eine Schiebebewegung auf dem Werkstück entstehen. Diese Bewegung ist aber unerwünscht. Zum Spannen von Werkstücken sind je nach Bearbeitungsgang hohe Kräfte zum Halten des Werkstückes aufzubringen. Damit spielen die Hebelarme und deren Bewegungsabläufe, die an der Kraftübertragung beteiligt sind, eine große Rolle. Kurze Hebelarme haben den Vorteil kleinerer Bauweisen. Kleine Schwenkwinkel der Hebel benötigen nur kurze Hübe am Spannkolben.It is known to hold workpieces on machine tables in their working position by means of so-called clamping claws. It is important that the workpiece to be clamped has enough space to be placed on and removed from the machine table. The clamping devices are therefore designed so that their clamping members can be removed from the area of the workpiece. In addition to known arrangements which are pivoted out of the clamping plane laterally, tilting devices are also known which, when tilted up, release the workpiece for removal. The clamping elements of such tilting devices, however, do not perform a linear movement when clamping the workpiece, but are fed to the workpiece in a circular path. This can inevitably result in a sliding movement on the workpiece when the clamping claw is placed on the workpiece. This movement is undesirable. For clamping workpieces, depending on the machining process, high forces must be applied to hold the workpiece. The lever arms and their movements, which are involved in power transmission, play a major role. Short lever arms have the advantage of smaller designs. Small swivel angles of the levers only require short strokes on the tensioning piston.

So ist eine Spannvorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bekannt (DE-G 86 21 050.5), bei der das Spannelement mittels eines in einem Langloch verschiebbaren Bolzens gelagert ist. Eine Alternative sieht vor, den Bolzen dem Spannelement zuzuordnen und das Langloch in das Führungselement einzubringen.A tensioning device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known (DE-G 86 21 050.5), in which the tensioning element is mounted by means of a bolt which can be displaced in an elongated hole. An alternative provides for the pin to be assigned to the tensioning element and for the elongated hole to be introduced into the guide element.

Durch solche Langlöcher wird das Spannelement in seiner Kraftübertragungsfähigkeit gemindert, da die dadurch bedingten Stege über und unter den durchgängigen Langlöchern eine deutliche Schwächung erfahren, insbesondere wenn lange Löcher erforderlich sind, um den über das Werkstück übergreifenden Teil des Spannhebels zu vergrößern.Through such elongated holes, the clamping element is reduced in its power transmission capacity, since the resulting webs above and below the continuous elongated holes experience a significant weakening, especially when long holes are required to enlarge the part of the clamping lever that extends over the workpiece.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, die Spannkraft senkrecht auf das Werkstück einzuleiten und in einem starren Gehäuse stabil gelagerte Spannhebel bei genügend großer Spann-Ausladung möglichst kurz auszuführen, sowie den Schließ- und Öffnungswinkel der Spannhebel möglichst klein zu halten. Letzteres um mit kleinen Spannkolbenhüben auszukommen. Ferner ist die Schwenkbewegung der Hebel mit einer Schiebebewegung so zu verknüpfen, daß dadurch kleinere Bauweisen möglich werden. Die Spannvorrichtung ist so zu gestalten, daß das Werkstück ungehindert in die gewünschte Position gebracht werden kann und wieder entnehmbar ist.The object of the invention is to introduce the clamping force perpendicular to the workpiece and to carry out the clamping lever stably mounted in a rigid housing with a sufficiently large clamping projection, and to keep the closing and opening angle of the clamping lever as small as possible. The latter to make do with small tensioning piston strokes. Furthermore, the pivoting movement of the levers must be linked with a sliding movement in such a way that smaller designs are possible. The clamping device must be designed so that the workpiece can be brought into the desired position without hindrance and can be removed again.

Erfindungsgemäß wird das dadurch gelöst, daß der Spannhebel in einem starren Grundkörper geführt ist und daß an den Innenseiten des Gabelkopfes Schiebegelenknuten beidseitig offen eingebracht sind, in denen ein abgeflachter Schiebegelenkbolzen des Spannhebels gleitend geführt ist.According to the invention this is achieved in that the tensioning lever is guided in a rigid base body and in that on the inside of the fork head sliding joint grooves are open on both sides, in which a flattened sliding joint pin of the tensioning lever is slidably guided.

Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt in der platzsparenden Anordnung in einem starren Grundkörper und in der geringeren Bauhöhe des ganzen Spannelementes und ferner in der senkrecht auf das Werkstück einwirkenden Kraft im Augenblick des Spannens. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist die seitenstabile Lagerung des Spannhebels, die durch die starre gabelkopfförmige Ausbildung des Grundkörpers entsteht. Die Anzahl der Bauelemente wird verringert, das gespannte Werkstück kann auch seitlichen Bearbeitungskräften besser stand halten.The advantage of the invention lies in the space-saving arrangement in a rigid base body and in the lower overall height of the entire clamping element and also in the force acting perpendicularly on the workpiece at the moment of clamping. Another advantage is the side-stable mounting of the tensioning lever, which results from the rigid fork head-shaped design of the base body. The number of components is reduced, the clamped workpiece can also better withstand lateral machining forces.

Die Erfindung ist in den Fig. näher beschrieben:

Fig. 1
zeigt einen Kipphebel im gespannten Zustand
Fig. 1a
ist die Seitenansicht dazu
Fig. 1b
ist die Draufsicht
Fig. 1c
zeigt den Kipphebel im geöffneten Zustand
Fig. 2
zeigt den Kipphebel in einem Gehäuse, das an sienem unteren Abschnitt topfartig ausgebildet und mit Gewindebohrungen versehen ist.
Fig. 2a
ist eine Seitenansicht dazu
Fig 2b
ist die Draufsicht
Fig. 2c
zeigt ein Gehäuse mit Gewindezapfen im eingeschraubten Zustand
Fig. 3
zeigt den Kipphebel in einer Anordnung, bei der der Spannkolben und die Schiebegelenknut im Gehäuse eine Schräglage einehmen, wobei der Kipphebel in Spannstellung liegt
Fig. 3a
ist eine Seitenansicht dazu
Fig. 3b
zeigt den Kipphebel in entspanntem Zustand
Fig. 4
zeigt eine Ausführung der Kugelverbindung mit der Kalotte im Spannkolben
Fig. 4a
ist eine Seitenansicht dazu
Fig. 5
zeigt die Kugelverbindung mit der Kalotte im Spannhebel
Fig. 5a
ist eine S eitenansicht dazu.
The invention is described in more detail in the figures:
Fig. 1
shows a rocker arm in the cocked state
Fig. 1a
is the side view
Fig. 1b
is the top view
Fig. 1c
shows the rocker arm in the open state
Fig. 2
shows the rocker arm in a housing which is pot-shaped on its lower section and is provided with threaded holes.
Fig. 2a
is a side view of this
Fig. 2b
is the top view
Fig. 2c
shows a housing with threaded pin in the screwed state
Fig. 3
shows the rocker arm in an arrangement in which the tensioning piston and the sliding joint groove in the housing assume an inclined position, the rocker arm being in the cocked position
Fig. 3a
is a side view of this
Fig. 3b
shows the rocker arm in a relaxed state
Fig. 4
shows an execution of the ball connection with the calotte in the tensioning piston
Fig. 4a
is a side view of this
Fig. 5
shows the ball connection with the calotte in the clamping lever
Fig. 5a
is a side view of this.

In einem Grundkörper 6 sind die Spannorgane mit allen ihren beweglichen Teilen gelagert. Der Grundkörper 6 ist mit Befestigungselementen 8 versehen und kann somit auf Werktischen, Paletten, Vorrichtungen usw. aufgebaut werden. In dem Grundkörper 6 ist ein Kolbenraum 5 vorhanden, in dem der Spannkolben 2 axial bewegt wird. Die Bewegung des Spannkolben 2 erfolgt hydraulisch in beiden Richtungen über den doppelt wirkenden Hydraulikkolben 10. Der Spannkolben 2 trägt an seinem aus dem Grundkörper herausragenden Ende einen Kugelbolzen 3, der drehbar gelagert ist. Der Kugelbolzen 3 ist mit einem Zapfen 14 versehen.In a base body 6, the tensioning elements are mounted with all their moving parts. The base body 6 is provided with fastening elements 8 and can thus be built up on work tables, pallets, devices, etc. A piston chamber 5 is provided in the base body 6, in which the tensioning piston 2 is moved axially. The tensioning piston 2 is moved hydraulically in both directions by means of the double-acting hydraulic piston 10. The tensioning piston 2 carries at its end protruding from the base body a ball pin 3 which is rotatably mounted. The ball pin 3 is provided with a pin 14.

Im Grundkörper 6 ist gleichzeitig der Spannhebel 1 angeordnet. Dieser Spannhebel 1 hat einen Schiebegelenkbolzen 4 um dessen Mittelpunkt der Spannhebel kippbar ist. Der Schiebegelenkbolzen 4 ist seinerseits in einer Schiebegelenknut 12 geführt. In dieser Schiebegelenknut 12 ist der Schiebegelenkbolzen verschiebbar gelagert. Diese Verschieblichkeit kann dadurch erfolgen, daß der Schiebegelenkbolzen an seinen Enden abgeflacht ist oder im Vierkant ausgeführt ist, so daß er mit seinen Enden in je einer Nut geführt werden kann. Zweckmässig wird dazu, wie Fig. 1a zeigt, der Grundkörper zur Aufnahme des Schiebegelenkbolzen 4 gabelförmig ausgebildet und zweckmässig an der Innenfläche der Gabeln mit je einer Nut 12 versehen.The tensioning lever 1 is arranged in the base body 6 at the same time. This tensioning lever 1 has a sliding hinge pin 4 around the center of which the tensioning lever can be tilted. The sliding hinge pin 4 is in turn guided in a sliding hinge groove 12. The sliding joint pin is slidably mounted in this sliding joint groove 12. This displaceability can take place in that the sliding hinge pin is flattened at its ends or has a square shape, so that its ends can be guided in a groove each. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 1 a, the base body for receiving the sliding hinge pin 4 is expediently fork-shaped and appropriately provided with a groove 12 on the inner surface of the forks.

Der Kipphebel 1 besitzt eine Spannfläche 11 auf der einen Seite und ist auf der anderen Seite mit einer Bohrung 13 versehen. In dieser Bohrung 13 ist der Zapfen 14 des Kugelgelenkbolzen 3 befestigt. Die Bohrung 13 ist so in den Spannhebel 1 eingebracht, daß ihre Mittellinie zur Achse des Kolben 2 in Spannstellung des Hebels eine Neigung aufweist, vorzugsweise von 23° . Durch die Schräglage des Kugelbolzens 3 wird erreicht, daß in der zurückgezogenen Entspannstellung eine ähnliche Winkellage des Kugelbolzens, jedoch in der umgekehrten Richtung, entsteht und somit trotz des notwendigen, dicken Kugelhalses eine große Kugeldrehbewegung und auch die notwendige Schwenkbewegung des Spannhebels ermöglicht wird.Durch die in den Spannkolben eingelassene Kugelbohrung wird ihre Führungslänge nicht verkürzt und der Spannkolben sowie die Spannvorrichtung kann kleiner ausgebildet werden. Im gespannten Zustand des Spannhebels bildet der Mittelpunkt des Kugelbolzens 3 mit der Mittellinie durch die Schiebegelenknut 12 und damit mit dem Mittelpunkt des Schiebegelenkbolzen 4 und der Spannfläche 11 eine Gerade. Dieses ist für die Kraftübertragung von Vorteil, da in dieser Spannstellung keine Längsverschiebung des Spannhebels stattfindet und dadurch Querkräfte von Kolbenstange und Werkstück ferngehalten werden.The rocker arm 1 has a clamping surface 11 on one side and is provided with a bore 13 on the other side. The pin 14 of the ball joint pin 3 is fastened in this bore 13. The bore 13 is introduced into the tensioning lever 1 so that its center line to the axis of the piston 2 has an inclination in the tensioned position of the lever, preferably of 23 °. The inclined position of the ball pin 3 ensures that a similar angular position of the ball pin, but in the opposite direction, is created in the retracted relaxation position and thus, despite the necessary thick ball neck, a large ball turning movement and also the necessary pivoting movement of the tensioning lever is made possible The ball bore in the tensioning piston is not shortened and the tensioning piston and the tensioning device can be made smaller. In the tensioned state of the clamping lever, the center point of the ball pin 3 forms a straight line with the center line through the sliding joint groove 12 and thus with the center point of the sliding joint pin 4 and the clamping surface 11. This is advantageous for the power transmission, since in this clamping position there is no longitudinal displacement of the clamping lever and lateral forces are thereby kept away from the piston rod and workpiece.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, liegt der Spannhebel 1 mit seiner Spannfläche 11 plan auf dem zu spannenden Werkstück 9 auf. Die Bewegung, die der Spannhebel 1 und seine Drehpunkte während des Spannvorganges vollziehen, ergibt sich aus dem in Fig. 1c eingezeichneten Dreieck A-B-C. Dieses Dreieck bleibt in seiner Größe in allen Lagen immer gleich. Damit ist sicher, daß der Schiebegelenkbolzen in der Nut 12 in dem Maße in Papierebene nach rechts gleiten muß, wie der Spannkolben 2 axial nach oben geführt wird. Ferner ist daraus erkenntlich, daß die Spannfläche 11 eine parallele Lage zum Werkstück 9 eingenommen hat, wenn der Spannvorgang beendet ist. Im Grundkörper 6 ist ein Kanal 7 eingebracht für den Anschluß der Hydraulik.1 shows, the clamping lever 1 lies flat with its clamping surface 11 on the workpiece 9 to be clamped. The movement that the tensioning lever 1 and its pivot points perform during the tensioning process results from the triangle ABC shown in FIG. 1c. The size of this triangle always remains the same in all positions. This ensures that the sliding joint pin in the groove 12 must slide to the right in the plane of the paper, as the tensioning piston 2 is guided axially upwards. It can also be seen from this that the clamping surface 11 has assumed a parallel position to the workpiece 9 when the clamping process has ended. In the base body 6, a channel 7 is introduced for the connection of the hydraulics.

Die Anordnung des Grundkörpers 6 nach Fig. 1 bedingt, daß die zu spannenden Werkstücke 9 immer gleiche Größe besitzen. Will man dagegen verschieden hohe Werkstücke spannen, so ist eine Anpassung an die Spannvorrichtung erforderlich. Neben den üblichen bekannten Ausführungen wird erfindungsgemäß, wie in Fig. 2c gezeigt, vorgesehen, den Grundkörper 6 mit einem Außengewinde 15 zu versehen und ihn in einer Platte oder dergleichen einschraubbar zu befestigen. Diese Platte kann Teil eines Maschinentisches , Vorrichtung oder einer Palette sein. Der Vorteil liegt darin, daß der Grundkörper nunmehr aus der Platte herausdrehbar ist und somit der Kipphebel in verschiedene Höhen gebracht werden kann. Nimmt die Platte zugleich das Werkstück auf, ist eine Anpassung an die einzelnen Werkstücke der Höhe nach möglich. Der ein- und ausdrehbare Grundkörper muß dazu nur in der jeweiligen Arbeitslage festgesetzt werden und muß so gestaltet sein, daß der Kipphebel stets seine Schiebe- und Kippbewegungen ausführen kann. Der Grundkörper kann außerdem noch mit einer Feststellvorrichtung gegenüber der Aufnahmeplatte versehen sein.The arrangement of the base body 6 according to FIG. 1 requires that the workpieces 9 to be clamped always have the same size. If, on the other hand, workpieces of different heights are to be clamped, adaptation to the clamping device is necessary. In addition to the usual known designs, according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 2c, provision is made for the base body 6 to be provided with an external thread 15 and for it to be screwed into a plate or the like. This plate can be part of a machine table, device or a pallet. The advantage is that the base body can now be rotated out of the plate and the rocker arm can thus be brought to different heights. If the plate also picks up the workpiece, the height of the individual workpieces can be adjusted. The base body which can be screwed in and out only has to be fixed in the respective working position and must be designed in such a way that the rocker arm can always carry out its pushing and tilting movements. The base body can also be provided with a locking device opposite the mounting plate.

Eine weitere Variante zeigt Fig. 2: Hier ist der untere Teil des Gehäuses topfartig ausgebildet und kann in der Bohrung einer Vorrichtungsplatte durch Befestigungselemente (Schrauben) fixiert werden. Das Maß x (Fig. 2) kann bei dieser Ausführung klein gehalten werden. Die Ausgesteltung der Schiebegelenkverbindung 4, 12 kann auch dergestalt erfolgen, daß das Schiebegelenk aus einem zylindrischen Bolzen und zwei Kulissensteinen besteht.Another variant is shown in FIG. 2: Here, the lower part of the housing is pot-shaped and can be fixed in the bore of a device plate by means of fastening elements (screws). The dimension x (Fig. 2) can be kept small in this embodiment. The design of the sliding joint 4, 12 can also take place in such a way that the sliding joint consists of a cylindrical bolt and two sliding blocks.

Um den verschiedenen Anordnungen auf Maschinentischen, Vorrichtungen, Paletten und dergleichen entgegenzukommen, wird wie Fig. 3 zeigt, die Anordnung der Bewegungselemente untereinander so getroffen, daß sie zum Grundkörper geneigte Lagen einnehmen. Damit lassen sich Bauweisen schaffen, die in der Höhe sehr gering gehalten werden können.To the various arrangements on machine tables, devices, To accommodate pallets and the like, as shown in FIG. 3, the arrangement of the movement elements is made such that they assume positions inclined to the base body. This makes it possible to create designs that can be kept very low in height.

In dem Grundkörper 21 ist der Spannkolben 20 um einen Winkel gegenüber der Senkrechten durch den Grundkörper geneigt angeordnet. Da die Kraftübertragung auf das zu spannende Werksück aber immer geradlinig zu vollziehen ist, muß die Spannfläche 25 die gleiche Lage einnehmen wie in Fig. 1 gezeigt. Das Kraftverhältnis zwischen den Elementen verändert sich somit hinsichtlich der Lage, die die Elemente zueinander einnehmen. So hat sich gezeigt, daß die Schiebegelenknut 22 ebenfalls gegenüber der Senkrechten durch den Grundkörper geneigt werden muß, um die aus den Kräften F1 und F2 resultierende Kraft F3 (Fig. 3) rechtwinklig zur Nutrichtung wirken zu lassen und somit Querkräfte auf Kolbenstange und Werkstück auszuschließen.In the base body 21, the tensioning piston 20 is arranged inclined at an angle with respect to the vertical through the base body. Since the power transmission to the workpiece to be clamped must always be carried out in a straight line, the clamping surface 25 must assume the same position as shown in FIG. 1. The force ratio between the elements thus changes with regard to the position which the elements have in relation to one another. It has been shown that the sliding joint groove 22 also has to be inclined with respect to the vertical through the base body in order to allow the force F3 (FIG. 3) resulting from the forces F1 and F2 to act at right angles to the groove direction and thus to exclude transverse forces on the piston rod and workpiece .

Die Neigung dieser Nut 22 bezogen auf ihre Mittellinie ist vorgegeben durch den Winkel, der sich im gespannten Zustand zwischen dem Mittelpunkt des Kugelbolzen 23 und einem Punkt in der Ebene der Spannfläche 25 ergibt. Die Mittellinie durch die Nut 22 verläuft senkrecht zur Winkelhalbierenden des Winkels zwischen den Punkten A-B-C gemäß Fig. 3. Damit wird die beste Kraftübertragung des Spannhebels ohne Schiebebewegung auf Kolbenstange und Werkstück in Spannstellung erreicht. Hierbei ist von besonderem Vorteil, wenn die Achse x des Spannkolbens 20 (Fig. 3) und der Strahl durch Gelenkpunkte A-B in Spannstellung einen Winkel von annähernd 90° bilden sowie der Strahl durch den Gelenkpunkt B und Auflagepunkt C (in Zeichenebene ) eine Waagerechte bilden. Es entstehen dann in Spannstellung am Spannhebel keine Schiebebewegungen und es werden Querkräfte von Spannkolben und Werkstück ferngehalten.The inclination of this groove 22 with respect to its center line is predetermined by the angle that results in the tensioned state between the center of the ball pin 23 and a point in the plane of the clamping surface 25. The center line through the groove 22 runs perpendicular to the bisector of the angle between the points ABC according to FIG. 3. The best force transmission of the clamping lever is achieved in the clamping position without a sliding movement on the piston rod and workpiece. It is particularly advantageous here if the axis x of the tensioning piston 20 (FIG. 3) and the beam through articulation points AB form an angle of approximately 90 ° in the clamping position and the beam forms a horizontal line through the articulation point B and support point C (in the plane of the drawing). There are then no sliding movements in the clamping position on the clamping lever and lateral forces are kept away from the clamping piston and workpiece.

Die Kugelkalotten 16,18 dienen zur Aufnahme des Kugelbolzens 3. Die Kugelkalotten können jeweils dem Spannkolben 2 oder dem Spannhebel 1 zugeordnet werden. Die Kugelverbindung als solche hat den Vorteil, daß der Gelenkmittelpunkt und das Ende der Kolbenlagerung eine Ebene bilden im eingefahrenen Zustand. Diese Kugelverbindung trägt große Spanndrücke auf Dauer.The spherical caps 16, 18 serve to receive the spherical bolt 3. The spherical caps can each be assigned to the tensioning piston 2 or the tensioning lever 1. The ball connection as such has the advantage that the center of the joint and the end of the piston bearing form a plane in the retracted state. This ball connection sustains large clamping pressures over the long term.

Die Schwenkbewegung findet nur in einer Ebene statt und wird auch bei großem Lappenüberstand der Kugelkalottenlappen in keiner Weise behindert. Ein großer Lappenüberstand ergibt aber eine gute Umschließung der Kugelbolzen. Ferner werden dadurch die beim Entspannen des Spannhebels auftretenden Rückholkräfte besser übernommen. Eine solche Ausführung gestattet eine starke Ausbildung des Kugel-Hals (vom Kugelbolzen) bezogen auf seinen Querschnitt.The swiveling movement takes place only in one plane and is not hindered in any way even with a large lobe protrusion of the spherical cap lobe. A large tab overhang results in a good enclosure of the ball studs. Furthermore, the return forces occurring when the tensioning lever is released are better taken over. Such a design allows a strong formation of the ball neck (from the ball pin) in relation to its cross section.

Die Lappen der Kugelkalotten dürfen jedoch nur seitlich den Kugelbolzen umschließen, um den Schwenkhub nicht zu behindern. Daher ist es zweckmäßig, eine Arretierung zwischen Kugelkalotte und Kugelbolzen vorzusehen.However, the lobes of the spherical caps may only enclose the ball pin on the side so as not to hinder the swivel stroke. It is therefore advisable to provide a locking mechanism between the spherical cap and the ball pin.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine solche Kugelausführung bei der die Kugelkalotte 16 am Ende des Spannkolben 2 angeordnet ist. Der Kugelbolzen 3 ist Teil des Spannhebels 1. Die Kugelkalotte 16 umschließt mit ihren Lappen den Kugelbolzen 3 weitestgehend (s. Fig. 4a).Fig. 4 shows such a ball design in which the spherical cap 16 is arranged at the end of the tensioning piston 2. The ball pin 3 is part of the tensioning lever 1. The spherical cap 16 largely encloses the ball pin 3 with its tabs (see FIG. 4a).

Fig. 5 zeigt die Ausführung, bei der die Kugelkalotte 18 dem Spannhebel 1 zugeordnet ist und der Kugelbolzen 3 fest am Ende des Spannkolbens 2 angeordnet ist. Am Ende der Kugelkalotte 18 sind zwei Lappen ausgebildet, die zentrisch zur Kugelkalottenmitte Stiftbohrungen zur Aufnahme des Stiftes 19 besitzen.Fig. 5 shows the embodiment in which the spherical cap 18 is assigned to the clamping lever 1 and the ball pin 3 is fixedly arranged at the end of the clamping piston 2. At the end of the spherical cap 18, two tabs are formed which have pin bores centrally for the spherical cap center to receive the pin 19.

Die Herstellung einer solchen Verbindung ist einfach, insbesondere wenn Kugelbolzen und Spannkolben ein Ganzes bilden. Die Bauweise läßt sich insgesamt kürzer gestalten und die Kraftübertragung wird besser.The production of such a connection is simple, in particular if ball pins and tensioning pistons form a whole. The construction can be made shorter overall and the power transmission is better.

Claims (10)

  1. Clamping device for clamping workpieces on machine tables, fixtures or pallets by means of a clamping lever (1) which is pivoted for tilting and hinged on a hydraulically driven clamping piston (2; 20) whose fulcrum is supported for displacement in the clamping plane, characterized in that said clamping lever (1) is guided in a rigid main body (6; 21) whose upper portion has a configuration in the form of a yoke end, and that sliding joint grooves (12; 22) are formed in an open manner, on either side, on the inner sides of said yoke end, in which a flattened sliding joint pin (4) of said clamping lever (1) is guided for displacement.
  2. Clamping device according to Claim 1, characterized in that said clamping piston (20) takes a sloping position in said rigid main body (21), and that said sliding joint groove (22) is inclined at a corresponding angle relative to said clamping surface (11), and that the center line passing through said sliding joint groove (22) is orthogonal with respect to the angle bisector of the angle between said clamping surface (11) of the center of the sliding joint and the center of the ball pin (23).
  3. Clamping device according to Claim 1, characterized in that said ball pin (3) carries a pin (14) supported in a bore (13) of said clamping lever (1), and that said bore (13) in said clamping lever (1) is inclined at an angle relative to said clamping surface (11).
  4. Clamping device according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the clamped condition the center of said ball pin (3) is located approximately on the center line of said sliding joint groove (12) and cooperates with the center of said sliding joint pin (4) and said clamping surface (11) so as to form a straight line.
  5. Clamping device according to Claim 1, characterized in that said rigid main body (6; 21) presents an external thread.
  6. Clamping device according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said rigid main body (6; 21) has a cup-shaped configuration and is provided with fastening holes.
  7. Clamping device according to Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said clamping lever (1) is provided with a spherical segment (18) having two lateral lugs, into which pin-receiving bores are drilled in a direction central on the center of said spherical cup.
  8. Clamping device according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said clamping piston (2) is formed as a cup (16) at its upper end.
  9. Clamping device according to Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said clamping lever (1) is formed as a sphere at the end at which the force is introduced via clamping pistons (2)
  10. Clamping device according to Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that main body presents a cavity for fastening elements on its side facing the workpiece.
EP94101944A 1993-03-06 1994-02-09 Clamping device for clamping workpieces on machinetables or pallets Expired - Lifetime EP0614729B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4307058 1993-03-06
DE4307058A DE4307058A1 (en) 1993-03-06 1993-03-06 Clamping device for clamping workpieces on machine tables or pallets

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EP0614729A1 EP0614729A1 (en) 1994-09-14
EP0614729B1 true EP0614729B1 (en) 1997-05-02

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DE102016200149A1 (en) 2016-01-08 2017-07-13 Ladenburger Fertigungstechnik Gmbh Device for clamping workpieces

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DE102007050946A1 (en) 2007-10-23 2009-04-30 Frank Entzmann Clamping device for clamping work piece, has connection device connecting sleeve with receiving bore, and retaining element arranged in both corresponding recesses to prevent axial movement of sleeve opposite to base body
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DE102016200149B4 (en) * 2016-01-08 2020-09-03 Ladenburger Fertigungstechnik Gmbh Device for clamping workpieces

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DE59402576D1 (en) 1997-06-05
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