EP0613044B1 - Photographisches Material, das mit einem hexakoordinierten Cyanocomplex dotierte Silberhalogenidkörner enthält - Google Patents

Photographisches Material, das mit einem hexakoordinierten Cyanocomplex dotierte Silberhalogenidkörner enthält Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0613044B1
EP0613044B1 EP94102828A EP94102828A EP0613044B1 EP 0613044 B1 EP0613044 B1 EP 0613044B1 EP 94102828 A EP94102828 A EP 94102828A EP 94102828 A EP94102828 A EP 94102828A EP 0613044 B1 EP0613044 B1 EP 0613044B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
silver halide
emulsion
grains
complex
photographic material
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP94102828A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0613044A2 (de
EP0613044A3 (de
Inventor
Shigeharu Urabe
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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Publication of EP0613044A3 publication Critical patent/EP0613044A3/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/07—Substances influencing grain growth during silver salt formation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/03535—Core-shell grains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C2001/0818—Calcium ion content or calcium compound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C2001/0827—Cobalt
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C2001/0836—Copper compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C2001/0845—Iron compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
    • G03C2001/091—Gold
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
    • G03C2001/093—Iridium
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
    • G03C2001/094—Rhodium
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/44—Details pH value

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a silver halide photographic material containing silver halide grains doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex.
  • a dopant i.e., substances other than silver and halogen ion
  • a doping technique has particularly been studied to improve a silver halide emulsion.
  • a transition metal compound of VIII group having a cyan ligand has sometimes been added to a silver halide emulsion in formation of silver halide grains to improve the sensitivity of the emulsion.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 48(1973)-35373 discloses a process of forming silver halide grains in the presence of a water-soluble iron compound, which is used in an amount of 10 -7 to 10 -3 mole based on 1 mole of silver.
  • the publication describes that an emulsion of hard gradation can be prepared according to the process without degrading the sensitivity.
  • Japanese Patent Publication No. 49(1974)-14265 discloses an emulsion containing silver halide grains having a particle size of not larger than 0.9 ⁇ m.
  • a metal compound of group VIII in an amount of 10 -6 to 10 -3 mole based on 1 mole of silver is added to the emulsion in formation of the grains, and the emulsion was spectrally sensitized with a merocyanine dye.
  • an emulsion of high sensitivity can be obtained.
  • a relative increase of the surface sensitivity is small, since the internal sensitivity as well as the surface sensitivity is increased in the obtained silver halide grains.
  • Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 1(1989)-121844 discloses a high sensitive silver halide emulsion containing silver halide grains that have at least two parts. The halogen compositions of the two parts are different from each other. The part that has the smallest band gap energy contains divalent iron ion. The effect of this technique is limited to the emulsion containing divalent iron ion. The publication is silent with respect to the ligand of the ion.
  • a transition metal compound can be added to the silver halide emulsion at the stage of grain formation.
  • the compound may also be added to the emulsion after precipitation of silver halide grains.
  • the transition metal of the compound is introduced into the silver halide crystal as a dopant. Therefore, the transition metal can effectively change the photographic properties of the emulsion, even if a small amount of the compound is used.
  • the transition metal is adsorbed on the surface of the silver halide grains in the latter addition.
  • the transition metal compound is required to change the photographic properties of the emulsion to the same extent as the former addition, since the function of the transition metal to the silver halide grains is inhibited by a protective colloid. Accordingly, it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory photographic effect, if the transition metal is added to the emulsion at the stage of chemical sensitization. Therefore, the transition metal has been usually added as a dopant to the emulsion at the stage of silver halide grain formation. As is described above, metal doping (the former addition) is different from metal sensitization (the latter addition).
  • the chapter IA of Research Disclosure No. 17,643 discloses transition metal compounds, which may be added to the emulsion at the stage of precipitation of silver halide grains.
  • the chapter IIIA discloses transition metal compounds, which may be added to the emulsion added during chemical sensitization.
  • U.S.-A-No. 4,126,472 discloses use of iridium as a dopant attached to the surface of silver halide grain or as a surface modifier for silver halide. According to the description of the patent, silver halide emulsion is sensitized in the presence of a water-soluble iridium salt. The amount of the salt is 10 -6 to 10 -4 mole based on 1 mole of silver halide. However, U.S.-A-No. 4,126,472 is silent with respect to hexa-coordinated cyano-complex.
  • EP-A-0,242,190 describes that silver halide emulsion containing grains formed in the presence of a complex of trivalent rhodium having three, four, five or six cyano ligands. In the emulsion described in the publication, low intensity reciprocity law failure is reduced.
  • U.S.-A-3,690,888 discloses a process for preparing silver halide containing multivalent metal ions.
  • silver halide is formed in the presence of protective colloid mainly comprising acrylic polymer.
  • protective colloid mainly comprising acrylic polymer.
  • U.S.-A-3,690,888 further describes that the multivalent metal ions include bismuth, iridium, lead and osmium.
  • U.S.-A-3,690,888 is silent with respect to hexa-coordinated cyano complex.
  • EP-A-0,336,190 and EP-A-0,336,426 and Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. 2(1990)-20853 and No. 2(1990)-20854 describe that silver halide emulsion having excellent characteristics can be obtained by using hexa-coordinated complex of rhenium, ruthenium, osmium or iridium having at least four cyano ligands.
  • low intensity reciprocity law failure is reduced, and the sensitivity and gradation of the emulsion are stable.
  • EP-A-0,336,427 and Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2(1990)-20852 disclose a silver halide emulsion of a controlled sensitivity.
  • low intensity reciprocity law failure is reduced without decreasing the sensitivity of a middle intensity by using a hexa-coordinated complex of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, ruthenium, osmium, rhenium or iridium having nitrosyl or thionitrosyl ligand.
  • EP-A-0,336,689 and Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2(1990)-20855 also disclose a silver halide emulsion of a controlled sensitivity.
  • low intensity reciprocity law failure is reduced by hexa-coordinated rhenium complex, which has six ligands selected from halogen, nitrosyl, thionitrosyl, cyan, water and thiocyan.
  • Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 3(1991)-118535 discloses a hexa-coordinated transition metal complex having carbonyl group as one of the ligands. Further, Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 3(1991)-118536 discloses an emulsion containing a hexa-coordinated transition metal complex in which two of the ligands are oxygens.
  • U.S.-A-5,132,203 discloses high sensitive tabular grains, which contains a hexa-coordinated complex of a metal of VIII group having at least four cyano ligands in the subsurface.
  • the surface of the grain (20 to 350 ⁇ ) does not contain the complex.
  • EP-A-0,508,910 discloses a silver halide emulsion, wherein the subsurface of the silver halide grain is doped with a hexa-coordinated iron complex and the surface of the grain (20 to 350 ⁇ ) is not doped with the iron complex.
  • These patents suggest that the hexa-coordinated cyano complex is doped near the surface of the grain to obtain a high sensitivity, but the complex is not preferably present in the surface. Accordingly, they teach that the subsurface of the grain is doped with the hexa-coordinated metal cyano-complex and they are silent with respect to the surface doping of the complex.
  • EP-A-513 748 discloses a silver halide color photographic light sensitive material comprising silver halide grains produced in the presence of a metal complex having an oxidation potential of from -1,34V to 1,66V and a reduction potential of lower than -1,34V which are chemically sensitized in the presence of a gold containing compound.
  • EP-A-423 765 discloses a silver halide photographic material comprising high-silver chloride emulsion grains having a localized phase containing iron ions in a limited amount.
  • EP-A-606 895 a prior art document according to Article 54(3)EPC, discloses a photographic emulsion comprising silver halide grains, a dopant and a grain surface modifier.
  • EP-A-606 893 a prior Art document according to Article 54(3)EPC, discloses a photographic silver halide emulsion containing contrast improving grain surface modifiers.
  • EP-A-580 179 a prior art document according to Article 54(3)EPC, discloses a silver halide photographic material comprising a silver halide emulsion prepared in the presence of a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex wherein the chemical sensitization is conducted using a gold sensitizer.
  • EP-A-556 715 a prior art document according to Article 54(3)EPC, discloses a silver halide photographic emulsion comprising grains containing two or more kinds of multivalent metal compounds.
  • U.S.-A-5,132,203 and EP-A-0,508,910 employ a subsurface doping to reduce the amount of a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex contained in the surface of the grains and the medium of the silver halide emulsion.
  • the present inventor has noted that the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex is preferably present in the surface of the grains to obtain the maximum sensitizing effect.
  • the inventor has studied a silver halide photographic material wherein the surface of the grain is doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex.
  • the inventor noted a phenomenon that a cyan ion is formed when the surface of the grain is doped with the cyano-complex.
  • the cyan ion is well adsorbed on the surface of the grain. It is difficult to remove the cyan ion even by washing the formed grains with water because the ion is fixed on the surface. Accordingly, the cyan ion remains on the surface of the grain after the washing process.
  • a silver halide emulsion is usually subject to a chemical sensitization to obtain a high sensitivity.
  • a gold sensitization is a representative chemical sensitization. The gold sensitization is frequently used in preparation of a silver halide emulsion.
  • Gold (Au 3+ , Au 1+ or Au) contained in the gold sensitization is adsorbed on the surface of silver halide grain to form a sensitivity speck (sensitized nucleus).
  • sensitivity speck sensensitized nucleus
  • the gold ion reacts with the cyan ion to form a stable gold cyano-complex, which moves in the medium of the emulsion and present in the stable state.
  • the gold ion cannot be adsorbed on the surface of the grain. Therefore, the effect of the gold sensitization is greatly reduced by the cyan ion.
  • a silver halide photographic material which comprises a support and a light-sensitive layer provided thereon, said light-sensitive layer containing silver halide grains dispersed in gelatin, wherein the silver halide grains have been doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex in an amount in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 -7 to 5 ⁇ 10 -3 mole based on 1 mole of silver halide such that a localized phase of the cyano-complex is present in a surface part of the grains, in the presence of a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of rubidium, caesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury and lead, said salt being dissociated in an aqueous medium of an emulsion, and said salt being used in an amount of inhibiting a reaction of the cyano-complex with gelatin and in an amount of 10 -7 to 1 mole, based on 1 mole
  • a cyan ion is formed by a reaction of gelatin with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex present in the surface of the grains or in the gelatin medium.
  • gelatin is always used as a protective colloid in formation of the grains.
  • a reaction of a metal with gelatin is described in T.H. James, The Theory of the Photographic Process (fourth edition), Chapter 2 (pages 71 to 72).
  • a noble metal e.g., gold, platinum
  • a heavy metal e.g., iridium
  • the prior art disregards oxidation or reduction of a transition metal complex caused by the reaction of a metal complex with gelatin.
  • the prior art also disregards exchange of ligands contained in transition metal complexes and decomposition of the complexes. Accordingly, the prior art references are completely silent with respect to the means of controlling the reaction of the transition metal complex with gelatin.
  • the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex is not present in the surface of the silver halide grains.
  • the complex scarcely reacts with gelatin. Accordingly, formation of cyan ion is not remarkable in these inventions.
  • the formation of cyan ion is remarkable when the surface of the grain is doped with the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex to obtain the maximum effect of the doped cyano-complex.
  • the present invention uses a compound having a function of inhibiting a reaction of the cyano-complex with gelatin.
  • the compound can inhibit the formation of the cyan ion. Accordingly, the present invention now solves the worst problem when the surface of the silver halide grain is doped with the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex, namely the formation of the cyan ion. Therefore, a full effect of the doped hexa-coordinated cyano-complex can be obtained according to the present invention. Further, the maximum effect of the gold sensitization can also be obtained according to the invention.
  • the present invention provides a silver halide photographic material improved in the high sensitivity, the hard gradation, the resistance to pressure and the preservability.
  • the present invention provides a silver halide photographic material which comprises a support and a light-sensitive layer provided thereon, said light-sensitive layer containing silver halide grains dispersed in gelatin, wherein the silver halide grains have been doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex in an amount in the range of 1x10 -7 to 5x10 -3 mole based on 1 mole of silver halide such that a localized phase of the cyano-complex is present in a surface part of the grains, and a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of rubidium, caesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury and lead, which is dissociated in an aqueous medium of an emulsion, has been added to the doped silver halide grains after desalting, said salt being used in an amount of inhibiting a reaction of the cyano complex with gelatin and in an amount of 10 -7 to 1
  • said metal salt is preferably a salt of magnesium, calcium or zinc.
  • the silver halide grains have been doped at a pH of not lower than 7.
  • the grains have been sensitized with a gold sensitizer after the doping step.
  • the hexa-coordinated cyano complex salt used for the invention preferably is a salt containing a hexa-coordinated transition metal complex anion represented by the formula (I): [M(CN) 6 ] n- wherein M is a metal selected from those consisting of the metals of VA, VIA, VIIA and VIII groups of the fourth, fifth and sixth periods in the periodic table; preferably, M is iron, cobalt, ruthenium, rhenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium; and n is 3 or 4.
  • hexa-coordinated metal complex salts dissociate when they are added into aqueous solvents, which are generally used for forming silver halide grains. Therefore, the counter cation is not important. However, ammonium and alkali metal ions are very advantageous for precipitation process of silver halide. Therefore, ammonium and alkali metal ions are particularly preferable as a counter ion of the hexa-coordinated transition metal complex salt.
  • the amount of the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex incorporated into the silver halide grains is in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 -7 to 5 ⁇ 10 -3 mole based on 1 mole of silver halide.
  • a localized phase of the complex is present in a surface part of the grains.
  • the amount of the complex contained in the localized phase is preferably more than 10 times as large as the amount of the complex contained in the other phase.
  • the amount of the surface part is preferably not more than 50 % of each of the grains.
  • the localized phase preferably contains the complex in an amount of 1 ⁇ 10 -5 to 1 ⁇ 10 -1 mole based on 1 mole of silver halide.
  • the term "surface part” means not only a continuous layered shell part of a core/shell structure but also discontinuous junction (contact) part of a junction (contact) structure.
  • the silver halide grains having the junction (contact) structures are described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. 59(1984)-133540, No. 58(1983)-108526, No. 59(1984)-16254, Japanese Patent Publication No. 58(1983)-24772 and EP-A-199290.
  • the hexa-coordinated metal cyano-complex incorporated (doped) into the silver halide grains forms a shallow electron trap in the grains.
  • the grains absorb light to form a pair of a positive hole and an electron, the electron can freely move in crystals of the grains.
  • a photoelectron is temporarily captured in a shallow trap.
  • many shallow traps are formed in the grain. Accordingly, an electron escaped from a shallow trap is often captured again in another trap. Therefore, a photoelectron can remain for a relatively long time while going in and out the shallow traps.
  • the possibility of formation of silver nuclear i.e., latent image
  • the electrons for formation of latent image are stored in the grains to increase the sensitivity of the emulsion.
  • the shallow electron trap reduces the moving distance of an electron, while a deep trap captures the electron permanently. Accordingly, the shallow trap must be distinguished from the deep trap. It has been known that iridium replaced with silver ion contained in a crystal structure of silver halide forms a deep trap.
  • the concentration of the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex in the surface part of the silver halide grains is preferably higher than that in the internal part of the grains.
  • the amount of the surface part of the high concentration is preferably not more than 50 %, preferably not more than 30 % and more preferably 20 % of each of the grains.
  • the localized phase contains the complex preferably in an amount of 1 ⁇ 10 -5 to 1 ⁇ 10 -1 mole, and preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -4 to 1 ⁇ 10 -2 mole based on 1 mole of silver halide.
  • the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex forms a shallow electron trap in the grains to capture an electron formed by exposure.
  • the complex is present in an internal part of the grains, a latent image is often formed in the internal part. Accordingly, the complex is preferably present in the surface part to form a latent image on the surface of the grains.
  • the localized phase may continuously form a layer on the surface of the grains.
  • the complex used in the present invention is preferably present on the surface of the grains to obtain a high sensitivity.
  • the amount or the ratio of the hexa-coordinated cyano complex doped in silver halide can be measured by means of atomic absorption analysis of the central transition metal, ICP (inductively coupled plasma spectrometry) analysis and/or ICPMS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) analysis.
  • the stability of the hexa-coordinated cyano complex should be considered to use it in a photographic material.
  • the complex is decomposed at an extremely low pH to form cyan by a reaction of exchanging cyan ligand.
  • the pH value of the decomposition depends of the nature of the complex, the value is usually lower than the pH condition in formation of silver halide grains of an emulsion.
  • the reaction proceeds at an extremely low pH when the complex is contained in only water.
  • the decomposition reaction may proceed at a relatively high pH (e.g., 5.0 to 7.0) in the presence of gelatin to form cyan. Even if gelatin is present, cyan is scarcely formed at a pH value of not lower than 7.0. As is described above, formation of cyan is remarkable at a low pH value.
  • the reaction proceeds at a pH condition in preparation of a silver halide emulsion.
  • the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex salt used in the invention is preferably dissolved in water or an appropriate solvent to prepare a solution for addition.
  • An aqueous solution of a halide salt of an alkali metal e.g., KCl, NaCl, KBr, NaBr
  • An alkali can also be added to the solution, if desired.
  • the hexa-coordinated cyano complex salt used in the invention is preferably added into a reaction solution directly while forming the silver halide is forming.
  • the complex salt can also be added into an aqueous solution of halogen salt or other solutions to be added into the reaction solution for forming the silver halide grains so that the complex may be introduced into the silver halide grains.
  • the other methods for addition of the complex can be used in combination.
  • All or a part of the nuclear formation or crystal growth of silver halide can be conducted by supplying a silver halide emulsion of fine silver halide grains.
  • the fine silver halide grains are described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. 1(1989)-183417, No. 1(1989)-183644, No. 1(1989)-183645, No. 2(1990)-43534, No. 2(1990)-43535, No. 2(1990)-44335, U.S.-A-4,879,208 and EP-A-0,408,752.
  • a hexa-cyano complex salt can be doped in fine silver halide grains.
  • Two or more hexa-coordinated cyano-complex salts can be used in combination.
  • the complex can also be used in combination with other metal ions.
  • Such other metal ions can be used in the form of salts, such as ammonium salt, acetate salt, nitrate salt, sulfate salt, phosphate salt, hydroxide salt, hexa-coordinated complex salt and tetra-coordinate complex salt.
  • the salt should be dissolved in the reaction solution while forming the silver halide grains.
  • Cyan may be formed when the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex is incorporated into silver halide grains. Cyan may also be formed at a post-treatment step (e.g., washing step, dispersing step, chemically sensitizing step and dissolving step after formation of grains and before coating of emulsion) where a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex is present in the surface of the grains.
  • the cyan is formed by a reaction of the complex with gelatin.
  • the doping step or the post-treatment step is conducted in the presence of a compound having a function of inhibiting a reaction of the cyano-complex with gelatin the compound being a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of rubidium, caesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, zinc, mercury, cadmium and lead.
  • a compound having a function of inhibiting a reaction of the cyano-complex with gelatin the compound being a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of rubidium, caesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, zinc, mercury, cadmium and lead.
  • the compound having the inhibiting function can easily be found, for example according to the following experiments (1) to (5).
  • the present invention preferably uses a compound showing an absorbance of not higher than 0.4 at the experiment (5).
  • gelatin reacts with potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) to change [Fe 2+ (CN) 6 ] 4- of hexacyanoferrate(II) to [Fe 3+ (CN) 6 ] 3- of hexacyanoferrate(III).
  • the cyan ligand of hexacyanoferrate(III) is then replaced to form cyan.
  • the hexacyanoferrate(II) and the hexacyanoferrate(III) form a mixed complex of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , which is colored as Prussian blue.
  • the density of the Prussian blue corresponds to formation of cyan. Accordingly, the formation of cyan can be determined by measuring the color density. Therefore, the inhibiting function of the test compound can also be determined by the experiments (1) to (5).
  • the absorbance measured at the experiment (5) depends on the amount of the test compound. Accordingly, the amount of the compound is also determined by the experiments.
  • the test compound is used in a silver halide emulsion in an amount showing the absorbance of not higher than 0.4 in the experiments.
  • the amount of the test compound also depends on the amount of gelatin used in the experiments or emulsion. Accordingly, the amount of the compound should be adjusted based on the amount of the gelatin used in the silver halide emulsion. Further, the amount should also be determined by the nature of the compound.
  • the compound having a function of inhibiting a reaction of the cyano-complex with gelatin preferably satisfies the above-mentioned experiments.
  • Salts of metals selected from the group consisting of rubidium, caesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury and lead are available as the compound. Caesium, magnesium, calcium, barium, copper, zinc and lead are preferred. Magnesium, calcium and zinc are more preferred. Zinc is most preferred.
  • the counter cation of the metal is not important, since the salt dissociates in an aqueous solvent of the emulsion. However, water-soluble salts are advantageous for precipitation process of silver halide. Therefore, a nitrate salt, a sulfate salt and a chloride salt are preferred.
  • the inhibiting compound can be added to a silver halide emulsion at various stages in preparation of the emulsion.
  • the compound may be added to a halide solution for formation of the surface part of the silver halide grains.
  • the compound may also be added to the emulsion before or on the formation of the surface part. Further, the compound may be added after the formation of the surface part.
  • the total amount of the compound may be added to the emulsion at once.
  • the compound may also be continuously added. Further, it may be added intermittently. A mixture of the compound with the other additives can also be used.
  • the amount of the compound is preferably determined by the above-mentioned experiments (1) to (5).
  • the compound relates to the reaction of the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex with gelatin. Accordingly, the amount determined by the experiments (1) to (5) is converted to a value based on 1 g of gelatin.
  • the amount of the compound is then determined based on the amount (g) of gelatin contained in a silver halide emulsion to be prepared. The amount also depends on the nature of the compound.
  • the amount of the compound is in the range of 10 -7 to 1 mole based on 1 mole of silver.
  • the silver halide grains are prepared by using gelatin as a protective colloid.
  • An alkali-treated gelatin is frequently used in preparation of a silver halide emulsion.
  • the alkali-treated gelatin is preferably deionized or ultrafiltrated to remove impurities (ion or substance).
  • the other gelatins are also available.
  • the other examples include an acid-treated gelatin, gelatin derivatives (e.g., phthalated gelatin, esterified gelatin), gelatin of a low molecular weight (1,000 to 80,000; e.g., gelatins decomposed with enzyme, acid, alkali or heat), gelatin of a high molecular weight (110,000 to 300,000), gelatin of a low tyrosine content (less than 20 ⁇ mole/g), oxidized gelatin and inactivated gelatin that have methionine blocked with alkyl.
  • gelatin derivatives e.g., phthalated gelatin, esterified gelatin
  • gelatin of a low molecular weight 1,000 to 80,000
  • gelatins decomposed with enzyme, acid, alkali or heat gelatin of a high molecular weight (110,000 to 300,000)
  • gelatin of a low tyrosine content less than 20 ⁇ mole/g
  • Two or more gelatins may be used in combination.
  • the amount of gelatin is usually in the range of 1 to 60 g, and preferably in the range of 3 to 40 g based on 1 mole of silver.
  • the amount of gelatin is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 g, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 70 g based on 1 mole of silver.
  • the present invention is particularly effective in the case that a relatively large amount (more than 10 g based on 1 mole of silver) of gelatin is used.
  • the silver halide examples include silver chloride, silver bromide, silver chlorobromide, silver chloroiodide, silver iodobromide, silver chloroiodobromide and a mixture thereof.
  • the size of the silver halide grains used in the invention is preferably not smaller than 0.1 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 3 ⁇ m.
  • the silver halide grains may be of various crystal forms. Examples of the forms include a regular crystal form (normal crystal grain), an irregular form, and other forms having one or more twinning planes.
  • the regular crystal forms include hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, tetradecahedron, tetracosahedron and octatetracontahedron.
  • the irregular forms include spherical form and potato-like form. Examples of the other forms include hexagonal tabular grain and triangular tabular twin grain each of which has two or three parallel twinning planes.
  • the grain size distribution of the tabular silver halide emulsion preferably is monodispersed.
  • the preparation of the monodispersed tabular grain is described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 63(1988)-11928.
  • the monodispersed hexagonal tabular grain is described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 63(1988)-151618.
  • the monodispersed circular tabular grain is described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 1(1989)-131541.
  • Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2(1990)-838 discloses a monodispersed tabular silver halide emulsion, wherein at least 95 % of the projected area of the grains comprise tabular grains having two twinning planes that are parallel to the principal plane.
  • EP-A-514,742 discloses a monodispersed tabular silver halide emulsion having a distribution coefficient of not more than 10 %, which is prepared by using a block copolymer of polyalkyleneoxide.
  • the principal planes of the tabular grains include a (100) plane and a (111) plane. Accordingly, the tabular grains can be classified into two types, namely (100) and (111).
  • Silver bromide grains having the former plane are described in U.S.-A-4,063,951 and Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 5(1993)-281640.
  • Silver chloride grains of the former type are described in EP-A-0534395 and U.S.-A-5,264,337.
  • the tabular grains of the latter type include various grains having at least one twinning plane, which are described above.
  • Silver chloride grains of the latter type are described in U.S.-A-4,399,215, US-A-4,983,508, US-A-5,183,732, Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. 3(1991)-137632 and No. 3(1991)-116113.
  • the silver halide grains may contain a dislocation line in its crystal.
  • Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 63(1988)-220238 discloses a control means of introducing a dislocation into silver halide grains.
  • a dislocation can be introduced into a tabular silver halide grain having an aspect ratio (average diameter of the grains per average thickness of the grains) of not less than 2 by forming a high iodide phase in the internal part of the grain and then covering the internal part with a low iodide phase.
  • the introduction of the convention has various effects of increasing sensitivity, improving preservability, improving stability of latent image and reducing pressure fog.
  • the conversion is mainly introduced into edge parts of the tabular grains.
  • U.S.-A-5,238,796 discloses tabular grains in which a dislocation is introduced into the internal part.
  • Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 4(1992)-348337 discloses regular crystal grains having an internal dislocation. According to the publication, the dislocation is introduced into the regular crystal grains by forming an epitaxy of silver chloride or silver chlorobromide on the regular grains and then converting the epitaxy by a physical ripening or a halogen conversion. The effects of increasing sensitivity and reducing pressure fog are obtained by the introduction of the convention.
  • the dislocation lines in the silver halide grains can be observed, for example by a direct method using a transparent electron microscope at a low temperature. The method is described in J.F. Hamilton, Photo. Sci. Eng. 11, 57 (1967) and T. Shinozawa, J. Soc. Photo. Sci. Japan 35, 213 (1972).
  • silver halide grains are carefully picked out from an emulsion without pressing the grains to form dislocation. The grains are placed on a mesh of an electron microscope. They are then observed by a transparent method while cooling the grains to prevent a damage (print out) caused by an electron beam. It is rather difficult to transmit the electron bean through a thick grain.
  • a high voltage (not lower than 200 KV per 0.25 thickness of the grain) electron microscope is preferably used to observe the thick grain clearly. According to the obtained photograph of the grain, the position and the number of the dislocation lines can be determined by observing along a perpendicular plate to the principal plate of the grain.
  • the present invention is particularly effective in the case that at least 50 % of the silver halide grains have ten or more dislocation lines in each of the grains.
  • a silver halide solvent can be used to accelerate the crystal growth or to improve the effect of the grain formation and the chemical sensitization.
  • the silver halide solvents include thiocyanate salts (preferably water soluble), ammonia, thioethers, thiones, amines, thioureas, imidazoles and mercaptotetrazoles.
  • the thiocyanates are disclosed in U.S. Patents No. 2,222,264, No. 2,448,534 and No. 3,320,069.
  • the thioether compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patents No. 3,271,157, No. 3,574,628, No. 3,704,130, No. 4,297,439 and No. 4,276,347.
  • the thiones are disclosed in Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. 53(1978)-144319, No. 53(1978)-82408 and No. 55(1980)-77737.
  • the amines are disclosed in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 54(1979)-100717.
  • the thioureas are described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 55(1980)-2982.
  • the imidazoles are described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 54(1979)100717.
  • Substituted mercaptotetrazoles are described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No 57(1982)-202531.
  • the emulsion is generally prepared by adding aqueous solutions of a silver salt and a halide salt to an aqueous solution of gelatin in a reaction vessel while effectively stirring them.
  • the process for preparation of the emulsion is described in P. Glafkidès, Chimie et Physique Photographiques (Paul Montel, 1967), G.F. Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry (The Focal Press, 1966), V.L. Zelikman et al, Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion (The Focal Press, 1964).
  • Any of the acid method, the neutral method and the ammonia method is available for preparation of the emulsion.
  • one-side mixing method, simultaneous mixing method and the combination thereof are available with respect to a reaction of a soluble silver salt with a soluble halogen salt.
  • a controlled double jet process (a kind of the simultaneous mixing method) is also available.
  • the pAg value of the reaction solution in which silver halide is formed
  • the silver halide grains are quickly grown on condition that the concentration of the reaction solution is controlled under the critical supersaturation.
  • the rates of adding silver nitrate and alkaline halide can be varied according to the rate of crystal growth, as is disclosed in British Patent No. 1,535,016, Japanese Patent Publications No. 43(1968)-36890 and No. 52(1977)-16364.
  • the concentration of the aqueous solution can also be controlled as is disclosed in U.S.-A-4,242,445 and Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 55(1980)-158124.
  • All or a part of the nuclear formation or crystal growth of silver halide can be conducted by supplying a silver halide emulsion of fine silver halide grains.
  • the fine silver halide grains are described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. 1(1989)-183417, No. 1(1989)-183644, No. 1(1989)-183645, No. 2(1990)-43534, No. 2(1990)-43535, No. 2(1990)-44335 and U.S.-A-4,879,208.
  • the distribution of halide ions in the silver halide can be made perfectly uniform by the process using the fine grains.
  • the emulsion having a uniform halide distribution shows an excellent photographic effect.
  • the grains in the emulsion may have various structures.
  • the structures include so-called core/shell double-layered structure (which consists of the core and the shell), triple-layered structure (disclosed in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 60(1985)-222844) and multi-layered structure consisting of more than three layers.
  • the grains may have a fused structure, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. 58(1983)-108526 and No. 59(1984)-16254, No. 59(1984)-133540, Japanese Patent Publication No. 58(1983)-24772 and EP-A-199,290.
  • crystals having the composition different from that of the host crystals are fused at the edge, the corner or the face of the host crystal.
  • Such fused crystals can be prepared whether the host crystal has homogeneous halogen composition or not.
  • the fused crystals can be further formed.
  • the fused crystals may consist of a combination of a silver halide and a silver salt which does not have the rock salt structure (e.g., silver rhodanate, silver carbonate) as well as a combination of silver halides.
  • silver iodobromide grain of core/shell type may contain such iodide distribution that silver iodide content in the core is higher than that in the shell. Further, the grain may have such a structure that silver iodide content in the shell is higher than that in the core.
  • the silver iodide content in the host crystals may be higher than that in the guest crystal.
  • the content in the guest crystal may also be higher than that in the host crystal.
  • the portions consisting of two or more portions in which compositions of silver halide are different each other, the portions can be distinguished by a clear border. The border can also be vague. Mixed crystals of adjoining parts have such a vague border. Further, the composition may be gradually changed between the portions.
  • the silver halide emulsion may be so treated that the grains be rounded, as is described in EP-A-0,096,727 and EP-A-0,064,412. Further, the surface of the grains can be modified, as is described in DE-A-2,306,447 and Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 60(1985)-221320.
  • a silver halide emulsion of surface latent image type is preferred.
  • An emulsion of internal latent image type is also available, if developers and developing conditions are appropriately selected (as is described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 59(1084)-133542).
  • an emulsion of shallow-internal latent image type is optionally usable.
  • the silver halide emulsion is generally subjected to a spectral sensitization.
  • spectral sensitizing dyes include cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, complex cyanine dyes, complex merocyanine dyes, holopolar cyanine dyes, hemicyanine dyes, styryl dyes and hemioxonol dyes. Cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes and complex merocyanine dyes are particularly preferred.
  • the dyes may have a basic heterocyclic ring, which is usually contained in the cyanine dyes.
  • heterocyclic rings examples include pyrroline ring, oxazoline ring, thiazoline ring, selenazoline ring, pyrrole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, selenazole ring, imidazole ring, tetrazole ring, pyridine ring and tellurazole ring.
  • the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with an alicyclic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
  • condensed rings examples include indolenine ring, benzindolenine ring, indole ring, benzoxazole ring, naphtooxazole ring, benzimidazole ring, naphthoimidazole ring, benzothiazole ring, naphthothiazole ring, benzoselenazole ring, naphthoselenazole ring and quinoline ring.
  • the heterocyclic ring of the dye may have a substituent group on its carbon atom.
  • Merocyanine dyes and complex merocyanine dyes may contain a ring having a ketomethylene structure, which is usually contained in merocyanine dyes.
  • the rings of the ketomethylene structure preferably are 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic rings such as pyrazoline-5-one ring, thiohydantoin ring, 2-thiooxazolidine-2,4-dione ring, thiazolidine-2,4-dione ring, rhodanine ring and thiobarbituric acid ring.
  • the amount of the sensitizing dye is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 100 mmole, and more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 mmole based on 1 mole of silver halide.
  • the sensitizing dye is preferably used on or before a chemical sensitization (e.g., at the stage of forming grains or physical ripening).
  • the sensitivity of silver halide grains to inherent light absorption after a sensitization is improved in the photographic material according to the present invention.
  • desensitization caused by a spectral sensitizing dye that is adsorbed on the grains of emulsion and is sensitive to a light of about 450 nm or more is reduced by a hexacoordinated cyano-complex present in the surface part.
  • the effect of reducing inherent desensitization is remarkable where the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex is present in the surface part.
  • the present invention has another effect of reducing inherent desitizaiton caused by a sensitizing dye.
  • the sensitizing dye may be also used in combination with a supersensitizer, which themselves cannot spectrally sensitize the emulsions or cannot absorb visible light.
  • supersensitizers include aminostil compounds substituted with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groups (disclosed in U.S. Patents No. 2,933,390 and No. 3,365,721), condensed compounds of aromatic acids with formaldehydes (described in U.S.-A-3,743,510), cadmium salts and azaindene compounds.
  • the combinations of the sensitizing dye with the supersensitizers are described in U.S. Patents No. 3,615,613, No. 3,615,641 and No. 3,635,721.
  • the silver halide emulsion is usually chemically sensitized.
  • chemical sensitizations include chalcogen sensitizations (e.g., sulfur sensitization, selenium sensitization and tellurium sensitization), noble metal sensitizations (e.g., gold sensitization) and reduction sensitizations.
  • chalcogen sensitizations e.g., sulfur sensitization, selenium sensitization and tellurium sensitization
  • noble metal sensitizations e.g., gold sensitization
  • reduction sensitizations e.g., gold sensitization
  • the gold sensitizer usually is a salt of gold.
  • the gold sensitizers are disclosed in "Chemie et Phisique Photographique (Paul Montel, 1970)" written by P. Glafkides and Research Disclosure, vol. 307, No. 307105.
  • Examples of the gold sensitizers include chloroauric acid, potassium chloroaurate, potassium aurithiocyanate, gold sulfide, gold selenide and gold compounds, which are described in U.S. Patents No. 2,642,361, No. 5,049,484 and No. 5,049,485.
  • the other noble metal sensitizers such as salts of platinum, palladium and iridium can be used in combination with the gold sensitizer.
  • the amount of the gold sensitizer (and the other noble metal sensitizers) is preferably 10 -7 to 10 -2 mol per 1 mol of silver.
  • Photographic Science and Engineering Vol. 19322 (1975) and Journal of Imaging Science Vol. 3228 (1988) describe that gold can be removed from a sensitizing spec on the grains of an emulsion by using a solution of potassium cyanide (KCN). They further describe that a cyan ion liberates an absorbed gold atom or ion from the silver halide grains as a cyano-complex to inhibit a gold sensitization. According to the present invention, formation of the cyan is inhibited to obtain a full effect of the gold sensitization.
  • KCN potassium cyanide
  • Sulfur sensitization is carried out using a labile sulfur compound as a sulfur sensitizer.
  • the labile sulfur compounds are well known and disclosed in "Chimie et Physique Photographiques (Paul Montel, 1970)" written by P. Glafkides and Research Disclosure, vol. 307, No. 307105.
  • sulfur sensitizers include thiosulfates (e.g., sodium thiosulfate), thioureas (e.g., diphenylthiourea, triethylthiourea, N-ethyl-N'-(4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)thiourea, carboxymethyltrimethylthiourea), thioamides (e.g., thioacetamide), rhodanines (e.g., diethylrhodanine, 5-benzylidene-N-ethyl-rhodanine), phosphinesulfides (e.g., trimethylphosphinesulfide), thiohydantoins, 4-oxo-oxazolidine-2-thiones, disulfides or polysulfides (e.g., dimorpholinedisulfide, cystine, hexathiocane-thione), mercapto compounds
  • Selenium sensitization is carried out using a labile selenium compound as a selenium sensitizer.
  • the labile selenium compounds are disclosed in Japanese Patent Publications No. 43(1968)-13489 and No. 44(1969)-15748, Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. 4(1992)-25832 and No. 4(1992)-109240 and Japanese Patent Applications No. 3(1991)-53693 and No. 3(1991)-82929.
  • selenium sensitizers examples include colloidal metal selenium, selenoureas (e.g., N,N-dimethylselenourea, trifluoromethylcarbonyl-trimethylselenourea and acetyl-trimethylselenourea), selenoamides (e.g., selenoacetamide, N,N-diethylphenylselenoamide), phosphineselenides (e.g., triphenylphosphineselenide and pentafluorophenylphosphineselenide), selenophosphates (e.g., tri-p-tolylselenophosphate, tri-n-butylselenophosphate), selenoketones (e.g., selenobenzophenone), isoselenocyanates, selenocarboxylic acids, selenoesters and diacylselenides.
  • selenoureas e.g
  • Selenium compounds disclosed in Japanese Patent Publications No. 46(1971)-4553 and No. 52(1977)-34492 are also available, though they are not labile compounds.
  • Examples of the relatively stable selenium compounds include selenious acid, potassium selenocyanate, selenazoles and selenides.
  • Tellurium sensitization is carried out using a labile tellurium compound as a tellurium sensitizer.
  • the labile tellurium compounds are disclosed in Canadian Patent No. 800,958, U.K. Patents No. 1,295,462 and No. 1,396,696, and Japanese Patent Applications No. 2(1990)-333819, No. 3(1991)-53693, No. 3(1991)-131593 and No. 4(1992)-129787.
  • tellurium sensitizers examples include telluroureas (e.g., tetramethyltellurourea, N,N'-dimethylethylenetellurourea and N,N'-diphenylethylenetellurourea), phosphinetellurides (e.g., butyldiisopropylphosphinetelluride, tributylphosphinetelluride, tributoxyphosphinetelluride and ethoxydiphenylphosphinetelluride), diacyl(di)tellurides (e.g., bis(diphenylcarbamoyl)ditelluride, bis(N-phenyl-N-methylcarbamoyl)ditelluride, bis(N-phenyl-N-methylcarbamoyl)telluride and bis(ethoxycarbonyl)telluride), isotellurocyanates, telluroamides, tellurohydrazides, telluroesters (e
  • Reduction sensitization is carried out using known reducing compounds, which are disclosed in "Chimie et Physique Photographiques (Paul Montel, 1970)" written by P. Glafkidès and Research Disclosure, vol. 307, No. 307105.
  • the reducing compounds include aminoiminomethanesulfinic acid (i.e., thiourea dioxide), borane compounds (e.g., dimethylaminoborane), hydrazine compounds (e.g., hydrazine and p-tolylhydrazine), polyamine compounds (e.g., diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine), tin(II) chloride, silane compounds, reductones (e.g., ascorbic acid), sulfites, aldehydes and hydrogen gas.
  • Reduction sensitization can also be carried out under condition of a high pH or condition of silver excess. The reduction sensitization under the silver excess condition is called “silver ripening.”
  • Two or more chemical sensitizations can be carried out in combination with the gold sensitization.
  • a combination of a chalcogen sensitization with a gold sensitization is particularly preferred.
  • the reduction sensitization is preferably carried out while forming silver halide grains.
  • the amount of the chalcogen sensitizer used for the invention depends on the silver halide grains and the conditions of chemical sensitization.
  • the chalcogen sensitizer is preferably used in an amount of 10 -8 to 10 -2 mole, and more preferably used in an amount of 10 -7 to 5 ⁇ 10 -3 mole per 1 mole of silver.
  • the pAg value is preferably in the range of 6 to 11, and more preferably in the range of 7 to 10.
  • the pH value is preferably in the range of 4 to 10.
  • the temperature is preferably in the range of 40 to 95 °C, and more preferably in the range of 45 to 85 °C.
  • the photographic emulsion may contain various additives such as stabilizer and anti-fogging agent to stabilize the photographic properties of the photographic material or to inhibit the fog at the processes for preparing, storing or treating the photographic material.
  • the additives include azoles such as benzothiazolium salts, nitroindazoles, triazoles, benzotriazoles and benzimidazoles (nitro-substituted or halogen substituted benzimidazoles is particularly preferred); heterocyclic mercapto compounds such as mercaptothiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles, mercaptotetrazoles (1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole is particularly preferred) and mercaptopyrimidines; the compound synthesized by adding water-soluble group such as carboxyl group and sulfo group to the above-mentioned heterocyclic mercapto compounds; thioketo compounds such
  • the above-mentioned stabilizers and anti-fogging agents are added usually after a chemical sensitizer is added to a silver halide emulsion. However, they may be added on or before a chemical sensitization. Further, they may be added to the emulsion in formation of silver halide grains (e.g., at addition of a solution of a silver salt). When they are added to the emulsion while the chemical sensitization, they are preferably added at an earlier stage (preferably 50 %, and more preferably 20 % of the sensitizing time) of the sensitization.
  • the silver halide emulsion can be used for a photographic material having any number of emulsion layers.
  • the emulsion can be used for a multi-layered color photographic material, which comprises three or more emulsion layers to record images of green, blue and red light on each layer independently.
  • the layer may comprise at least two sub-layers (e.g., a low sensitive sub-layer and a high sensitive sub-layer).
  • B means a blue sensitive layer
  • G means a green sensitive layer
  • R means a red sensitive layer
  • H means a high sensitive layer
  • M means a middle sensitive layer
  • L means a low sensitive layer
  • S means a support
  • CL means a layer having an interimage effect.
  • a photographic material may further have the other layers, such as a protective layer, a filter layer, an intermediate layer, an antihalation layer and an undercoating layer, which are omitted form the orders (1) to (7).
  • the order of the high and low sensitive layers with respect to the same spectral sensitivity may be arranged reversibly.
  • the order (3) is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,184,876.
  • the order (4) is described in RD-22534, Japanese Patent Provisional Publications No. 59(1984)-177551 and No. 59(1984)-177552.
  • the orders (5) and (6) are described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 61(1986)-34541.
  • the orders (1), (2) and (4) are preferred.
  • the photographic material of the present invention is also available for the other photographic materials, such as a X-ray photographic material, a black and white photographic material, a photographic presensitized plate and a photographic paper.
  • the additives include a binder, a chemical sensitizer, a spectral sensitizer, a stabilizer, a gelatin hardening agent, a surface active agent, an antistatic agent, a polymer latex, a matting agent, a color coupler, a UV absorber, a discoloration inhibitor and a dye.
  • a binder a chemical sensitizer, a spectral sensitizer, a stabilizer, a gelatin hardening agent, a surface active agent, an antistatic agent, a polymer latex, a matting agent, a color coupler, a UV absorber, a discoloration inhibitor and a dye.
  • RD-17643 ibid ., vol. 187, item 18716 (RD-18716); and ibid ., vol. 225, item 22534 (RD-22534).
  • a hardening agent rapidly hardens a hydrophilic colloid such as gelatin to stabilize the photographic properties.
  • the hardening agent include active halogen compounds (e.g., 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine and its sodium salt); active vinyl compounds (e.g., 1,3-bisvinylsulfonyl-2-propanol, 1,2-bis(vinylsulfonylacetamide)ethane, vinyl polymer having vinylsulfonyl group connecting to the side chain); N-carbamoylpyridinium salts (e.g., 1-morpholinocarbonyl-3-pyridinio)methanesulfonate); and haloamidinium salts (e.g., 1-(1-chloro-1-pyridinomethylene)pyrrolidinium-2-naphthalenesulfonate). Active halogen compounds and active vinyl compounds are preferred, because they remarkably stabilize the photographic properties.
  • a color photographic material is usually treated with a conventional color development, which is described at pages 28 to 29 in RD-17643 and at the left to right columns of page 651 of RD-18716.
  • the color photographic material is usually treated with a bleach-fix or fix process and a washing or stabilizing process.
  • the washing process is generally carried out according to a countercurrent replenishing method using two or more washing tanks.
  • the stabilizing process can be carried out instead of washing.
  • a typical example of the stabilizing process is a multistage countercurrent stabilizing treatment, which is described in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 57(1982)-8543.
  • Emulsion 1-A octahedral silver bromide emulsion (Comparison Example)
  • the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 5.3. After that, the resulting solution was cooled to 35 °C, and then water-soluble salts were removed according to a conventional precipitation method. The obtained solution was heated to 40 °C, and 50 g of gelatin and 420 cc of water were further added to and dissolved in the solution. The solution was ajusted to pH 6.3 and pAg 8.6.
  • prepared was a silver halide emulsion (an octahedral silver bromide-monodispersed emulsion).
  • the mean diameter of the circle corresponding to the projected area was 0.8 ⁇ m, and the distribution coefficient was 10 %.
  • Emulsion 1-B a comparative emulsion having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex (Comparison Example)
  • Emulsions 1-C to 1-I emulsions used in the present invention (emulsions 1-C to 1-G) and comparative emulsions (emulsions 1-H and 1-I) having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex and containing various additives
  • Emulsion 1-B The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsion 1-B was repeated except that each of the additives shown in Table 2 was added to the mixture of the emulsion with 50 g of gelatin and water at 40 °C after the emulsion was washed with water.
  • Emulsions 1-A to 1-I were subject to an optimum chemical sensitization at 60 °C using 1.2 ⁇ 10 -5 mole/mole Ag of sodium thiosulfate, 3.6 ⁇ 10 -6 mole/mole Ag of potassium chloroaurate and 5.1 ⁇ 10 -4 mole/mole Ag of potassium thiocyanate.
  • the obtained emulsion was coated on a transparent film in the amount of 2 g/m 2 .
  • each of the emulsions was subject to spectral sensitization using 2.5 ⁇ 10 -4 mole/mole Ag of the following spectral sensitizing dye was added, and the resulting emulsion was left for 20 minute at 40 °C so that the dye was adsorbed on the silver halide grains in the emulsion.
  • the obtained spectrally sensitized emulsion was also coated on a transparent film in the amount of 2 g/m 2 .
  • MAA-1 Developer Metol 2.5 g L-ascorbic acid 10.0 g Nabox (sodium metaborate) 35.0 g KBr 1.0 g H 2 O 1 liter
  • the concentration means the concentration of the compound in the solution.
  • the (cc) means the amount of the solutions.
  • the emulsions 1-C, 1-D, 1-E and 1-G show the gradation and the difference in the inherent reduction of sensitivity that are analogous to those of the doped emulsion 1-B. Further, the blue sensitivity is improved, compared with the emulsion 1-B. Accordingly, the problem of the doped emulsion 1-B is now solved by the present invention.
  • the emulsion 1-F uses Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O in the same manner as in the emulsion 1-E, except that the amount is small.
  • the amount in the emulsion 1-F corresponds to that of the number 5 in the preliminary experiment.
  • the amount in the emulsion 1-E is larger than that of the number 6 in the preliminary experiment.
  • the lime-treated gelatin generally contains Ca 2+ ion, which is usually not more than 4,000 ppm based on 1 g of gelatin.
  • Ca 2+ ion is added to the emulsion.
  • the added amount is about 4,000 ppm based on 1 g of gelatin. Accordingly, the effect of the present invention cannot obtained by using only a conventional lime-treated gelatin. Even if the lime-treated gelatin is used, a considerable amount of Ca 2+ ion should be added to the gelatin to obtain the effect of the present invention.
  • Emulsion 3-A cubic silver bromide emulsion (Comparison Example)
  • the resulting solution was cooled to 35 °C, and then water-soluble salts were removed according to a conventional precipitation method.
  • the obtained solution was heated to 40 °C, and 50 g of gelatin and 420 cc of water were further added to and dissolved in the solution.
  • the solution was adjusted to pH 6.3.
  • prepared was a silver halide emulsion (a cubic silver bromide monodispersed emulsion).
  • the mean length of the cube was 0.65 ⁇ m, and the distribution coefficient was 9 %.
  • Emulsions 3-B to 3-E comparative emulsions having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex (Comparison Example)
  • Emulsion 3-F a comparative emulsion containing a zinc compound (Comparison Example)
  • Emulsion 3-A The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsion 3-A was repeated except that 50 cc of an aqueous solution containing 8.5 ⁇ 10 -2 M of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O was added to the mixture of the emulsion with 50 g of gelatin and water at 40 °C after the emulsion was washed with water.
  • Emulsions 3-G to 3-J emulsions used in the present invention having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex and containing a zinc compound
  • Emulsions 3-B to 3-E The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsions 3-B to 3-E was repeated except that 50 cc of an aquesou solution containing 8.5 ⁇ 10 -2 M of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O was added to the mixture of the emulsion with 50 g of gelatin and water at 40 °C after the emulsion was washed with water.
  • Emulsions 3-A to 3-J were subject to an optimum chemical sensitization at 60 °C using 9.2 ⁇ 10 -6 mole/mole Ag of sodium thiosulfate, 2.1 ⁇ 10 -6 mole/mole Ag of potassium chloroaurate and 2.5 ⁇ 10 -4 mole/mole Ag of potassium thiocyanate.
  • the obtained emulsion was coated on a transparent film in the amount of 2 g/m 2 .
  • the coated samples 3-A to 3-J were obtained.
  • each of the emulsions was subject to spectral sensitization using 3.8 ⁇ 10 -4 mole/mole Ag of the spectral sensitizing dye of Example 1 was added, and the resulting emulsion was left for 20 minutes at 40 °C so that the dye was adsorbed on the silver halide grains in the emulsion.
  • the obtained spectrally sensitized emulsion was also coated on a transparent film in the amount of 2 g/m 2 .
  • the spectrally sensitized coated samples 3-a to 3-j were obtained.
  • the doped emulsion 3-B to 3-E are greatly improved with respect to the inherent reduction of sensitivity caused by the spectral sensitizing dye and the gradation.
  • the inherent sensitivities of the doped emulsions themselves are very low.
  • the emulsions 3-G to 3-J are doped and contained the zinc compound of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O.
  • the emulsions used in the present invention are improved in the blue sensitivity as well as the gradation and the difference in the inherent reduction of sensitivity.
  • the zinc compound itself has no photographic effect, as is shown in the results of the emulsion 3-F, which are analogous to the results of the emulsion 3-A. Accordingly, the zinc compound is only effective on the emulsions doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex. Therefore, the zinc compound prevents the formation of cyan caused by a reaction of the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex with gelatin used in the doped emulsion, which is prepared by doping the surface part of the grains with the complex.
  • Emulsion 4-A tabular silver iodobromide emulsion (Comparison Example)
  • the core emulsion was heated to 75 °C.
  • 220 cc of 10 % aqueous solution of deionized lime-treated bone gelatin was added.
  • the emulsion was ripened for 20 minutes.
  • 805 cc of 0.47 M silver nitrate solution was added to the emulsion, and the emulsion was further ripened.
  • 327 cc of 0.5 M silver nitrate solution and 327 cc of 0.5 M potassium bromide solution were edded to the emulsion for 20 minutes at the electric potential of 0 mV to form the shell according to the controlled double jet method.
  • the emulsion was cooled to 35 °C. Then, water-soluble salts were removed according to a conventional precipitation method. The obtained solution was heated to 40 °C, and 80 g of deionized alkali-treated gelatin was dissolved in the emulsion. The solution was adjusted to pH 6.5 and pAg 8.6 and stored in a dark and cool place.
  • the obtained tabular silver iodobromide grains have the distribution coefficient of 15 %, the mean diameter (of the circle corresponding to the projected area) of 1.2 ⁇ m, the mean thickness of 0.18 ⁇ m and the silver iodide content of 5.7 mole %.
  • the grains were observed using an electron microscope of 200 kv while cooling the grains with liquid nitrogen. As a results 10 or more dislocation lines were observed at the edge of the tabular grains.
  • Emulsions 4-B to 4-E comparative emulsions having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex (Comparison Example)
  • Emulsion 4-A The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsion 4-A was repeated except that 16.4 cc of 10 -2 M solution of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ], K 4 [Ru(CN) 6 ], K 3 [Co(CN) 6 ] or K 3 [Re(CN) 6 ] was added to the 0.5 M silver nitrate solution used in the final double jet addition (shell formation).
  • Emulsions 4-F to 4-I emulsions used in the present invention having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex and containing a zinc compound
  • Emulsions 4-B to 4-E The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsions 4-B to 4-E was repeated except that 40 cc of an aqueous solution containing 8.5 ⁇ 10 -2 M of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O was added to the emulsion just before starting the final double jet addition (shell formation).
  • Emulsions 4-J to 4-M emulsions used in the present invention having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex and containing a caesium compound
  • Emulsions 4-B to 4-E The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsions 4-B to 4-E was repeated except that 60 cc of an aquesou solution containing 8.5 ⁇ 10 -2 M of CsNO 3 was added to the emulsion just before starting the final double jet addition (shell formation).
  • Emulsions 4-A to 4-M were subject to an optimum chemical sensitization at 60 °C using sodium thiosulfate, potassium chloroaurate and potassium thiocyanate.
  • each of the emulsions was subject to spectral sensitization using 2.4 ⁇ 10 -4 mole/mole Ag of the following spectral sensitizing dye was added, and the resulting emulsion was left for 20 minutes at 40 °C so that the dye was adsorbed on the silver halide grains in the emulsion.
  • the coated sample was placed for 14 hours at the relative sensitivity of 70 %.
  • the samples was then exposed to light for 1/100 second through a yellow filter and a continuous wedge, and treated with the following color development.
  • Process Time Temperature Color development 2 minutes 40 °C Bleach-fix 3 minutes 40 °C Washing (1) 20 seconds 35 °C Washing (2) 20 seconds 35 °C Stabilizing 20 seconds 35 °C Drying 50 seconds 65 °C
  • compositions of the processing solutions are shown below.
  • Color developing solution Amount Diethylenetriamine tetraacetate 2.0 g Sodium 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-disulfonesulfite 4.0 g Potassium carbonate 30.0 g Potassium bromide 1.4 g Potassium iodide 1.5 mg Hydroxyaminesulfate 2.4 g 4-[N-ethyl-N- ⁇ -hydroxyethylamino]-2-methylaniline sulfate 4.5 g Water (make up to) 1.0 liter pH 10.05 Bleach-fix solution Amount Iron(II) ammonium dihydric salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetate 90.0 g Disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 5.0 g Sodium sulfite 12.0 g Aqueous solution of ammonium thiosulfate (70 %) 260.0 ml Acetic acid (98 %) 5.0 ml The following bleaching accelerator 0.01 mole
  • a running water was passed through a mixed bed column containing H type cation exchange resin (Amberlight IR-120B, Rome and Harth) and OH type anion exchange resin (Anberlight IR-400) to reduce the calcium and magnesium ions to not more than 3 mg/liter.
  • H type cation exchange resin Amberlight IR-120B, Rome and Harth
  • OH type anion exchange resin Arberlight IR-400
  • the pH of the washing water was in the range of 6.5 to 7.5.
  • the emulsions 4-F to 4-M are doped in the presence of the zinc or caesium compound.
  • the emulsions used in the present invention are improved in the sensitivity as well as the gradation and the the pressure reduction.
  • the zinc or caesium compound effectively prevents the formation of cyan caused by a reaction of the hexa-coordinated cyano-complex with gelatin used in the doped emulsion.
  • Emulsion 5-A cubic silver chloride emulsion (Comparison Example)
  • the obtained silver chlorobromide emulsion was observed with an electron microscope to determine the shape, size and distribution coefficient of the grains.
  • the shape of the grain was cubic, the grain size was 0.75 ⁇ m, and the distribution coefficient was 0.08.
  • the size was the average diameter of the circles corresponding to the projected areas of the grains.
  • the distribution coefficient was calculated by dividing the standard deviation with the average grain size.
  • Emulsion 5-B a comparative emulsion having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex
  • Emulsion 5-A The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsion 5-A was repeated except that an aqueous solution of K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] was added to the emusion according to a triple jet method simultaneously with the second addtion of the silver nitrate and the halide solution to form a localized phase (concentration: 2 ⁇ 10 -4 mole/mole Ag) at the shell (30 % of the grain).
  • a coped emulsion 5-B was prepared.
  • Emulsion 5-C a emulsion used in the present invention having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex and containing a zinc compound
  • Emulsions 5-B The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsions 5-B was repeated except that 25 cc of 2 % aqueous solution of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O was added to the emulsion with gelatin after desalting.
  • a color photographic paper (described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 5(1993)-113637) was prepared using the emulsion 5-A, 5-B or 5-C as a blue sensitive emulsion.
  • Each of the color paper samples was exposed to light through a step wedge using a sensitometer (FWH type, Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., color temperature: 3,200 °K). The amount of the exposure was adjusted to 250 CMS at 0.1 second exposure.
  • the development was conducted according to a conventional color paper development process. The washing or stabilizing process was finished after 4 minutes of the development (as is described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 5(1993)-113637).
  • a gelatin solution (water: 1,200 cc, gelatin: 2.4 g, average molecular weight of gelatin: 30,000, sodium chloride: 0.5 g, pH: 3.0) was placed in a reaction vessel.
  • a silver nitrate solution (silver nitrate: 0.2 g/cc, gelatin 0.01 g/cc, average molecular weight of gelatin: 30,000, 1N nitric acid: 0.25 cc/100 cc)
  • a sodium chloride solution sodium chloride: 0.07 g/cc, gelain: 0.01 g/cc, average molecular weight of gelatin: 30,000, 1N potassium hydroxide solution: 0.25 cc/100 cc
  • the emulsion was adjusted to pH 4.0 and pCl 1.7.
  • Emulsion 6-A tabular silver chloride emulsion having a (100) plane (Comparison Example)
  • a gelatin solution (water: 1,200 cc, empty gelatin: 6 g, sodium chloride: 0.5 g, pH: 9.0) was placed in a reaction vessel.
  • a silver nitrate solution (silver nitrate: 0.1 g/cc) and a sodium chloride solution (sodium chloride: 10.0345 g/cc) were simultaneously added for 12 minutes at 65 °C while stirring at the feeding rate of 15 cc/minute.
  • a gelatin solution (water: 100 cc, empty gelatin: 19 g, sodium chloride: 1.3 g) was added to the mixture. Further, 1N silver nitrate was added to the mixture to adjust pH of 4.0.
  • the emulsion was heated to 70 °C and ripened for 15 minutes. To the emulsion, 0.15 mole of the fine grain emulsion was added. The mixture was ripened for 15 minutes. To the emulsion, 0.15 mole of the fine grain emulsion was again added. After 2 minutes of ripening, the emulsion was cooled to 45 °C. The emulsion was adjusted to pH 5.2 using an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The sensitizing dye used in Example 4 and the following sensitizing dye (each of the amounts: 2 ⁇ 10 -4 mole per 1 mole of silver halide) were added to the emulsion. After 15 minutes of strring, 0.01 mole of aqueous potassium bromide solution (potassium bromide: 1 g/100 cc) was added to the emulsion. The emulsion was further stirred for 5 minutes.
  • the emulsion was cooled to 27 °C.
  • the emulsion was adjusted to pH 4.0.
  • the emulsion was washed with water according to a conventional sedimentation washing method.
  • the emulsion was adjusted pH 6.4 and pCl 2.8 at 40 °C.
  • the emulsion was heated to 55 °C.
  • the emulsion was subjected to an optimum chemical sensitization using sulfur, selenium and gold sensitizers.
  • the prepared silver halide emulsion was observed using an electron microscope. As a result, 80 % of the total silver halide grains are tabular grains having a (100) main plate.
  • the average grain size was 1.4 ⁇ m
  • the average aspect ratio was 6.5
  • the average grain volume was 0.33 ⁇ m 3 .
  • Emulsion 6-B a comparative emulsion having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex (Comparison Example)
  • the fine grain emulsion of the emulsion 6-A was used at the first 4/5 stage of the addition, and then the above-prepared doped fine grain emulsion was used at the last 1/5 stage of the addition.
  • a tabular silver chloride emulsion (6-B) having a (100) plate doped with the cyano-complex at the shell of the grain was prepared.
  • Emulsion 6-C an emulsion used in the present invention having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex and containing a zinc compound
  • Emulsion 6-B The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsion 6-B was repeated except that 20 cc of 2 % aqueous solution of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O was added to the emulsion with gelatin after washing the emulsion with water.
  • a color photographic paper (described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 5(1993)-113637) was prepared using the emulsion 6-A, 6-B or 6-C as a green sensitive emulsion.
  • Each of the color paper samples was exposed to light through a step wedge using a sensitometer (FWH type, Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd., color temperature: 3,200 °K). The amount of the exposure was adjusted to 250 CMS at 0.1 second exposure.
  • the development was conducted according to a conventional color paper development process. The washing or stabilizing process was finished after 4 minutes of the development (as is described in Example 1 of Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 5(1993)-113637).
  • the emulsion 6-C using a zinc compoud used in the present invention shows a high sensitivity.
  • the emulsion 6-C shows the highest gradation in the obtained image. Further, the samples were stored for 5 days at 50 °C to examine the preservability. As a result, the increase of the fog was scarcely observed in the emulsions 6-C and 6-B, compared with the emulsion 6-A.
  • Emulsion 7-A tabular silver chloride emulsion having a (100) plane (Comparison Example)
  • Solution Component Water make up to (1)
  • Lime-treated bone gelatin 30 g 1,000 cc Sodium chloride: 11 g
  • Silver nitrate 11 g 200 cc
  • Sodium chloride 4.5 g 200 cc
  • silver nitrate 90 g 600 cc
  • Sodium chloride 42 g 600 cc
  • Emulsion 7-B a comparative tabular silver chloride emulsion doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex (Comparison Example)
  • Emulsion 7-C an emulsion used in the present invention having a surface part doped with a hexa-coordinated cyano-complex and containing a zinc compound
  • Emulsion 7-B The procedure of the above-mentioned preparation of Emulsion 7-B was repeated except that 20 cc of 2 % aqueous solution of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O was added to the emulsion with gelatin after washing the emulsion with water.
  • the emulsion 7-C using a zinc compound used in the present invention shows a high sensitivity.
  • the emulsion 7-C shows the highest gradation in the obtained image. Further, the samples were stored for 5 days at 50 °C to examine the preservability. As a result, the increase of the fog was scarcely observed in the emulsions 7-C and 7-B, compared with the emulsion 7-A.
  • Sensitizing dyes were added to each of the emulsions as is set forth in Table 9.
  • the values mean the amounts of the sensitizing dyes (g) based on 1 mole of silver halide.
  • Sensitizing dyes (S-) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
  • A 0.15 0.02 - - - - - - 0.15 - B 0.15 0.04 - - - - - - 0.20 - C 0.15 0.02 - - - - - - - 0.05 - D 0.08 0.01 - - - - - - 0.02 - E - - 0.50 0.08 - - 0.02 - 0.05 F - - 0.30 0.07 - - 0.03 - - - G - - 0.25 0.08 - - - - - - H - - 0.20 0.03 - - 0.03 - - 0.10 I - - 0.30 0.02
  • a cellulose triacetate film (thickness: 205 ⁇ m) having undercoating layers on the both sides was used as the support.
  • the following layers were coated to prepare a multi-layered color photographic material.
  • the coating amounts shown below are based on 1 m 2 of the sample, except that the amounts of the silver halide and the colloidal silver mean the weight of contained silver.
  • Second layer Non-light-sensitive fine grain silver iodobromide emulsion (average grain size: 0.1 ⁇ m, AgI content: 1 mole %) (silver amount) 0.15 g Fine grain silver iodobromide emulsion wherein both surface and internal parts are fogged (average grain size: 0.06 ⁇ m, distribution coefficient: 18 %, AgI content: 1 mole %) (silver amount) 0.05 g Compound Cpd-A 0.1 g Compound Cpd-M 0.05 g Gelatin 0.4 g Third layer (intermediate layer) Gelatin 0.40 g Compound Cpd-C 1 mg Compound C
  • the additives F-1 to F-9 were added to the silver halide emulsion layers and the intermediate layers.
  • the hardening agent H-1, the coating surface active agents W-3, W-4 and W-5 and the emulsifying surface active agent for W-6 were added to each of the layers.
  • phenol, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-phenoxyethanol, phenyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl alcoho were added to each of the layers as a preservative.
  • the prepared sample was exposed to light through an optical edge, and was subject to a color reversal development under the following conditions.
  • Process Time Temperature Tank Volume B & W develop. 6 minutes 38 °C 12 liter 2.2 liter/m 2 1st Washing 2 minutes 38 °C 4 liter 7.5 liter/m 2 Reversal 2 minutes 38 °C 4 liter 1.1 liter/m 2 Color develop.
  • Emulsion Dopant Zinc compound Sensitivity 4-A - - 100 4-B K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] - 60 4-C K 4 [Ru(CN) 6 ] - 55 4-F K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O 120 4-G K 4 [Ru(CN) 6 ] Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O 125

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Claims (22)

  1. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material, umfassend einen Träger und eine darauf vorgesehene lichtempfindliche Schicht, wobei besagte lichtempfindliche Schicht Silberhalogenidkömer dispergiert in Gelatine enthält, wobei die Silberhalogenidkömer mit einem hexa-koordinierten Cyanokomplex in einer Menge im Bereich von 1x10-7 bis 5x10-3 Mol, basierend auf 1 Mol Silberhalogenid dotiert sind, so dass eine lokalisierte Phase des Cyanokomplexes auf einem Oberflächenteil des Korns vorliegt, in der Gegenwart eines Salzes eines Metalls, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Rubidium, Cäsium, Beryllium, Magnesium, Kalzium, Strontium, Barium, Kupfer, Zink, Cadmium, Quecksilber und Blei, wobei besagtes Salz in einem wässerigen Medium einer Emulsion dissoziiert und besagtes Salz in einer Menge verwendet wird, die die Reaktion des Cyanokomplexes mit Gelatine verhindert und in einer Menge von 10-7 bis 1 Mol, basierend auf 1 Mol Silber.
  2. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Metallsalz ein Salz von Magnesium, Kalzium oder Zink ist.
  3. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 1, wobei mindestens 50% der Silberhalogenidkörner 10 oder mehr Dislokationslinien in jedem Korn aufweisen.
  4. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Silberhalogenidkörner bei einem pH von nicht weniger als 7 dotiert wurden.
  5. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Silberhalogenidkörner nach der Dotierungsstufe mit einem Goldsensibilisatoren sensibilisiert wurden.
  6. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 1, wobei die lokalisierte Phase den Komplex in einer Menge von 1x10-5 bis 1-x10-1 Mol enthält, basierend auf 1 Mol Silberhalogenid.
  7. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 1, wobei die lokalisierte Phase, vorliegend auf einem Oberflächenteil der Kömer, nicht mehr als 30% der Oberfläche jedes Korns ausmacht.
  8. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 1, wobei der hexa-koordinierte Cyanokomplex ein Salz ist, enthaltend ein hexa-koordiniertes Übergangsmetallkomplexanion dargestellt durch die Formel (I): [M(CN)6]n- wobei M ein Übergangsmetall ist, ausgewählt aus den Metallen der Gruppen VA, VIA, VIIA und VIII der vierten, fünften und sechsten Periode des Periodensystems und wobei n 3 oder 4 ist.
  9. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 8, wobei M in der Formel (I) Eisen, Kobalt, Ruthenium, Rhenium, Rhodium, Osmium oder Iridium ist.
  10. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 8, wobei der hexa-koordinierte Cyanokomplex ein Salz von Ammonium oder einem Alkalimetall mit einem hexa-koordinierten Übergangsmetallkomplexanion, dargestellt durch die Formel (I) ist.
  11. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material, umfassend einen Träger und darauf vorgesehen eine lichtempfindliche Schicht, wobei besagte lichtempfindliche Schicht Silberhalogenidkömer dispergiert in Gelatine enthält, wobei die Silberhalogenidkömer mit einem hexa-koordinierten Cyanokomplex in einer Menge im Bereich von 1x10-7 bis 5x10-3 Mol, basierend auf 1 Mol Silberhalogenid dotiert wurden, so dass eine lokalisierte Phase des Cyanokomplexes auf einem Oberflächenteil der Kömer vorliegt, und wobei ein Salz eines Metalls, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Rubidium, Cäsium, Beryllium, Magnesium, Kalzium, Strontium, Barium, Kupfer, Zink, Kadmium, Quecksilber und Blei, das in einem wässerigen Medium einer Emulsion dissoziiert, nach dem Entsalzen den dotierten Silberhalogenidkömem zugegeben wurde, wobei besagtes Salz in einer Menge verwendet wurde, die die Reaktion des Cyanokomplexes mit Gelatine verhindert und in einer Menge von 10-7 bis 1 Mol, basierend auf 1 Mol Silber.
  12. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 11, wobei das Metallsalz ein Salz von Magnesium, Kalzium oder Zink ist.
  13. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 11, wobei mindestens 50% der Silberhalogenidkömer 10 oder mehr Dislokationslinien in jedem Korn aufweisen.
  14. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Silberhalogenidkömer bei einem pH von nicht weniger als 7 dotiert wurden.
  15. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Silberhalogenidkömer nach der Dotierungsstufe mit einem Goldsensibilisatoren sensibilisiert wurden.
  16. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 11, wobei die lokalisierte Phase den Komplex in einer Menge von 1x10-5 bis 1-x10-1 Mol enthält, basierend auf 1 Mol Silberhalogenid.
  17. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 11, wobei die lokalisierte Phase, vorliegend auf einem Oberflächenteil der Körner, nicht mehr als 30% der Oberfläche jedes Korns ausmacht.
  18. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 11, wobei der hexa-koordinierte Cyanokomplex ein Salz ist, enthaltend ein hexa-koordiniertes Übergangsmetallkomplexanion dargestellt durch die Formel (I): [M(CN)6]n- wobei M ein Übergangsmetall ist, ausgewählt aus den Metallen der Gruppen VA, VIA, VIIA und VIII der vierten, fünften und sechsten Periode des Periodensystems und wobei n 3 oder 4 ist.
  19. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 18, wobei M in der Formel (I) Eisen, Kobalt, Ruthenium, Rhenium, Rhodium, Osmium oder Iridium ist.
  20. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 18, wobei der hexa-koordinierte Cyanokomplex ein Salz von Ammonium oder einem Alkalimetall mit einem hexa-koordinierten Übergangsmetallkomplexanion, dargestellt durch die Formel (I) ist.
  21. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 1, wobei besagter Oberflächenteil nicht mehr als 50% jedes Korns ist.
  22. Silberhalogenidhaltiges photographisches Material nach Anspruch 11, wobei besagter Oberflächenteil nicht mehr als 50% jedes Korns ist.
EP94102828A 1993-02-24 1994-02-24 Photographisches Material, das mit einem hexakoordinierten Cyanocomplex dotierte Silberhalogenidkörner enthält Expired - Lifetime EP0613044B1 (de)

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JP35605/93 1993-02-24
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JP2006058738A (ja) * 2004-08-23 2006-03-02 Konica Minolta Photo Imaging Inc ハロゲン化銀乳剤とそれを用いたハロゲン化銀カラー写真感光材料

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CA1120765A (en) * 1979-04-05 1982-03-30 Eastman Kodak Company High chloride silver halide emulsion internally doped with cadmium, lead, copper, zinc or mixtures thereof
JPH0677131B2 (ja) * 1986-05-02 1994-09-28 富士写真フイルム株式会社 ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料
JP2554285B2 (ja) * 1989-10-18 1996-11-13 富士写真フイルム株式会社 ハロゲン化銀写真感光材料
US5132203A (en) * 1991-03-11 1992-07-21 Eastman Kodak Company Tabular grain emulsions containing laminar halide strata
JPH04336537A (ja) * 1991-05-14 1992-11-24 Konica Corp ハロゲン化銀カラー写真感光材料
JPH05224334A (ja) * 1992-02-17 1993-09-03 Konica Corp ハロゲン化銀写真乳剤
JP2847455B2 (ja) * 1992-07-24 1999-01-20 富士写真フイルム株式会社 ハロゲン化銀写真材料
US5256530A (en) * 1993-01-12 1993-10-26 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic silver halide emulsion containing contrast improving grain surface modifiers
US5385817A (en) * 1993-01-12 1995-01-31 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic emulsions containing internally and externally modified silver halide grains

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EP0613044A2 (de) 1994-08-31
EP0613044A3 (de) 1995-07-26
DE69427203D1 (de) 2001-06-21

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