EP0612837A1 - Hydrocarbyl Bis(dihydrocarbylphophat) Verbindung enthaltendes Polyphenylenether Schmiermittel - Google Patents

Hydrocarbyl Bis(dihydrocarbylphophat) Verbindung enthaltendes Polyphenylenether Schmiermittel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0612837A1
EP0612837A1 EP93203669A EP93203669A EP0612837A1 EP 0612837 A1 EP0612837 A1 EP 0612837A1 EP 93203669 A EP93203669 A EP 93203669A EP 93203669 A EP93203669 A EP 93203669A EP 0612837 A1 EP0612837 A1 EP 0612837A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyphenylene ether
compound
lubricant
dihydrocarbylphosphate
bis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93203669A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
William Fredrick Gentit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzo Nobel NV
Original Assignee
Akzo Nobel NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akzo Nobel NV filed Critical Akzo Nobel NV
Publication of EP0612837A1 publication Critical patent/EP0612837A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/101—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof
    • C10M2209/1013—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/102—Polyesters
    • C10M2209/1023—Polyesters used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof

Definitions

  • Polyphenylene ether lubricants represent very stable organic structures which meet the needs of jet engines, high temperature hydraulic systems, nuclear power plants, and as the fluid component of high temperature greases. Although this class of lubricant is thermally and oxidatively stable, they can cause significant wear of high-alloy steels that are typically used in supersonic and hypersonic aircraft jet engines. Polyphenylene ether lubricants have been proposed which contain various additives for a variety of purposes. A representative, non-limiting listing of additives which have been proposed is as follows:
  • the present invention relates to a polyphenylene ether lubricant comprising an effective amount of a hydrocarbyl bis(dihydrocarbylphosphate) compound as an anti-wear additive.
  • hydrocarbyl bis(dihydro-carbylphosphate) compounds have been used as additives in fuels for internal combustion engines (U.S. Patent No. 3,254,973), as extreme pressure and anti-wear additives in oleaginous or petroleum based lubricants (U.S. Patent No. 3,492,373; also see U.S. Patent No. 3,360,467 at Col. 1, line 58 to Col. 2, line 2, for the non-predictable behavior of such additives when in a polyphenylene either fluid), and as a low flammability hydraulic oil, in general (U.S. Patent No. 4,212,832).
  • the polyphenylene ether lubricant of the present invention comprises, as the base stock, a polyphenylene ether of the formula Ar-O-[Ar-O] n -Ar where Ar stands for a phenyl ring, n is a whole number of generally from 2 to 5.
  • This class of lubricant is well known to persons of ordinary skill in the art with the following patents, which are incorporated herein by reference, providing further disclosure: U.S. Patent Nos. 3,360,467; 3,423,469; 3,476,815; 3,704,277; and 3,706,668.
  • the polyphenylene ether base stock will comprise from about 90% to about 99.5%, by weight, of the entire lubricant composition.
  • hydrocarbyl (bisdihydrocarbylphosphate) compounds which are used as an anti-wear additive with the previously described polyphenylene ether base stock are of the formula where R is either unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl such as alkyl or aryl and A is a bridging group containing alkylene, haloalkylene, arylene, two arylene groups joined by a bridging group (e.g., -C(CH3), -SO2 or -CO), or a bridging group containing biarylene.
  • a bridging group e.g., -C(CH3), -SO2 or -CO
  • Such compounds are a known class of flame retardant in polymers and, as indicated above, have had some degree of use in certain fuel and lubricant compositions.
  • Preferred R groups are phenyl with A also being phenylene, such as derived from a monoaromatic diol, such as either resorcinol or hydroquinone.
  • phenylene such as derived from a monoaromatic diol, such as either resorcinol or hydroquinone.
  • diphosphate additive is present in a relatively low amount such as about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight of the composition.
  • the polyphenylene ether lubricants of the present invention can contain other additives, particularly those recognized for use in fluids of that type. Inclusive of such additives are pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, dyes, rust inhibitors, other anti-wear additives, and the like.
  • This Example sets forth the wear data at various temperatures and loads (Four-Ball Wear scar at 600 rpm for two hours, two runs) for a control polyphenylene ether fluid and similar fluids containing certain bisphosphate additives:
  • NGBDP neopentyl glycol bis(diphenyl phosphate) additive
  • BABDP bisphenol A or resorcinol derived bisphosphates

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP93203669A 1993-01-06 1993-12-23 Hydrocarbyl Bis(dihydrocarbylphophat) Verbindung enthaltendes Polyphenylenether Schmiermittel Withdrawn EP0612837A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US100893A 1993-01-06 1993-01-06
US1008 1993-01-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0612837A1 true EP0612837A1 (de) 1994-08-31

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93203669A Withdrawn EP0612837A1 (de) 1993-01-06 1993-12-23 Hydrocarbyl Bis(dihydrocarbylphophat) Verbindung enthaltendes Polyphenylenether Schmiermittel

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0612837A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2112775A1 (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003095463A1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-20 Akzo Nobel N.V. Neopentylglycol bis (diarylphosphate) esters
US7367587B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2008-05-06 Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. Instrument panel structure for vehicles
JP2010189479A (ja) * 2009-02-16 2010-09-02 Japan Energy Corp 無段変速機油組成物
WO2011118707A1 (ja) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 株式会社Adeka 潤滑油組成物
WO2011118708A1 (ja) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 株式会社Adeka 潤滑油添加剤及びそれを含有する潤滑油組成物
WO2011158595A1 (ja) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 株式会社Adeka 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物
WO2012015878A1 (en) * 2010-07-27 2012-02-02 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Maintaining antiwear performance and improving deposit formation resistance of turbine oils
EP2598489A1 (de) * 2010-07-27 2013-06-05 ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company Verfahren zur erhöhung des ablagerungsbildungswiderstands von turbinenölen mit aminantioxidantien
US8618031B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2013-12-31 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Method for improving the deposit formation resistance performance of turbine oils containing amine antioxidants
WO2014115603A1 (ja) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 シチズンホールディングス株式会社 時計用の潤滑油組成物および時計
WO2014115602A1 (ja) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 シチズンホールディングス株式会社 時計用の潤滑油組成物および時計
WO2015026566A1 (en) * 2013-08-20 2015-02-26 Icl-Ip America Inc. Lubricant having improved antiwear properties
WO2021233946A1 (fr) 2020-05-20 2021-11-25 Nyco Utilisation d'huiles comprenant des additifs anti-usure non neurotoxiques
FR3110593A1 (fr) 2020-05-20 2021-11-26 Nyco Utilisation d’huiles comprenant des additifs anti-usure non neurotoxiques
US11230683B2 (en) 2020-05-20 2022-01-25 Nyco Use of oils comprising non-neurotoxic anti-wear additives

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2722518A (en) * 1952-06-27 1955-11-01 Shell Dev Synthetic lubricants
US3071548A (en) * 1959-12-14 1963-01-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Stabilization of organic substances
US3169925A (en) * 1961-06-26 1965-02-16 Shell Oil Co High temperature lubricants and phosphorus containing polymers
US3374175A (en) * 1957-12-09 1968-03-19 Shell Oil Co Phenyl ether compositions
US3492373A (en) * 1961-09-05 1970-01-27 Sinclair Research Inc Diphosphorous aromatic compounds
US3706668A (en) * 1971-05-28 1972-12-19 Frank S Clark Polyphenyl ether lubricating compositions
GB2028823A (en) * 1978-08-31 1980-03-12 Gaf Corp Halophenoxy phosphorus-containing sulphides
US4212832A (en) * 1977-09-03 1980-07-15 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Production of high viscosity phosphoric and phosphonic acid aryl esters
EP0521628A2 (de) * 1991-06-14 1993-01-07 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Organische Phosphate und deren Herstellung
US5196130A (en) * 1991-12-09 1993-03-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Lubricity additive for high-temperature gas turbine engine oils

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2722518A (en) * 1952-06-27 1955-11-01 Shell Dev Synthetic lubricants
US3374175A (en) * 1957-12-09 1968-03-19 Shell Oil Co Phenyl ether compositions
US3071548A (en) * 1959-12-14 1963-01-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Stabilization of organic substances
US3169925A (en) * 1961-06-26 1965-02-16 Shell Oil Co High temperature lubricants and phosphorus containing polymers
US3492373A (en) * 1961-09-05 1970-01-27 Sinclair Research Inc Diphosphorous aromatic compounds
US3706668A (en) * 1971-05-28 1972-12-19 Frank S Clark Polyphenyl ether lubricating compositions
US4212832A (en) * 1977-09-03 1980-07-15 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Production of high viscosity phosphoric and phosphonic acid aryl esters
GB2028823A (en) * 1978-08-31 1980-03-12 Gaf Corp Halophenoxy phosphorus-containing sulphides
EP0521628A2 (de) * 1991-06-14 1993-01-07 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Organische Phosphate und deren Herstellung
US5196130A (en) * 1991-12-09 1993-03-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Lubricity additive for high-temperature gas turbine engine oils

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2405148A (en) * 2002-05-07 2005-02-23 Akzo Nobel Nv Neopentylglycol bis (diarylphosphate) esters
GB2405148B (en) * 2002-05-07 2006-08-23 Akzo Nobel Nv Neopentyl glycol bis(diaryl phosphate) esters
WO2003095463A1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-20 Akzo Nobel N.V. Neopentylglycol bis (diarylphosphate) esters
US7367587B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2008-05-06 Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. Instrument panel structure for vehicles
EP2397536A4 (de) * 2009-02-16 2012-12-05 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp Durchgehend variable übertragungsölzusammensetzung
JP2010189479A (ja) * 2009-02-16 2010-09-02 Japan Energy Corp 無段変速機油組成物
US8993498B2 (en) 2009-02-16 2015-03-31 Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Continuously variable transmission oil composition
EP2397536A1 (de) * 2009-02-16 2011-12-21 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Durchgehend variable übertragungsölzusammensetzung
WO2011118707A1 (ja) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 株式会社Adeka 潤滑油組成物
JPWO2011118707A1 (ja) * 2010-03-26 2013-07-04 株式会社Adeka 潤滑油組成物
JPWO2011118708A1 (ja) * 2010-03-26 2013-07-04 株式会社Adeka 潤滑油添加剤及びそれを含有する潤滑油組成物
US8703674B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2014-04-22 Adeka Corporation Lubricating oil composition
WO2011118708A1 (ja) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 株式会社Adeka 潤滑油添加剤及びそれを含有する潤滑油組成物
JP5730283B2 (ja) * 2010-03-26 2015-06-10 株式会社Adeka 潤滑油組成物
WO2011158595A1 (ja) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 株式会社Adeka 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物
US8722597B2 (en) 2010-06-15 2014-05-13 Adeka Corporation Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine
WO2012015878A1 (en) * 2010-07-27 2012-02-02 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Maintaining antiwear performance and improving deposit formation resistance of turbine oils
EP2598489A1 (de) * 2010-07-27 2013-06-05 ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company Verfahren zur erhöhung des ablagerungsbildungswiderstands von turbinenölen mit aminantioxidantien
US8618031B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2013-12-31 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Method for improving the deposit formation resistance performance of turbine oils containing amine antioxidants
US8623795B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2014-01-07 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Method for maintaining antiwear performance of turbine oils containing polymerized amine antioxidants and for improving the deposit formation resistance performance of turbine oils containing monomeric and/or polymeric antioxidants
EP2598489A4 (de) * 2010-07-27 2014-11-26 Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co Verfahren zur erhöhung des ablagerungsbildungswiderstands von turbinenölen mit aminantioxidantien
WO2014115603A1 (ja) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 シチズンホールディングス株式会社 時計用の潤滑油組成物および時計
JP6041224B2 (ja) * 2013-01-22 2016-12-07 シチズン時計株式会社 時計用の潤滑油組成物および時計
WO2014115602A1 (ja) * 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 シチズンホールディングス株式会社 時計用の潤滑油組成物および時計
CN104937084A (zh) * 2013-01-22 2015-09-23 西铁城控股株式会社 钟表用的润滑油组合物和钟表
US20150337233A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2015-11-26 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition for timepiece and timepiece
US20160002562A1 (en) * 2013-01-22 2016-01-07 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition for timepiece and timepiece
JP6041223B2 (ja) * 2013-01-22 2016-12-07 シチズン時計株式会社 時計用の潤滑油組成物および時計
CN104937084B (zh) * 2013-01-22 2017-10-10 西铁城时计株式会社 钟表用的润滑油组合物和钟表
US9777242B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2017-10-03 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition for timepiece and timepiece
US9783758B2 (en) 2013-01-22 2017-10-10 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Lubricating oil composition for timepiece and timepiece
WO2015026566A1 (en) * 2013-08-20 2015-02-26 Icl-Ip America Inc. Lubricant having improved antiwear properties
WO2021233946A1 (fr) 2020-05-20 2021-11-25 Nyco Utilisation d'huiles comprenant des additifs anti-usure non neurotoxiques
FR3110593A1 (fr) 2020-05-20 2021-11-26 Nyco Utilisation d’huiles comprenant des additifs anti-usure non neurotoxiques
US11230683B2 (en) 2020-05-20 2022-01-25 Nyco Use of oils comprising non-neurotoxic anti-wear additives
US20230242830A1 (en) * 2020-05-20 2023-08-03 Nyco Use of oils comprising non-neurotoxic anti-wear additives

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2112775A1 (en) 1994-07-07

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