EP0610498B1 - Honwerkzeug und dieses honwerkzeug verwendendes hochgenaues feinstbearbeitungsverfahren - Google Patents

Honwerkzeug und dieses honwerkzeug verwendendes hochgenaues feinstbearbeitungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0610498B1
EP0610498B1 EP90911698A EP90911698A EP0610498B1 EP 0610498 B1 EP0610498 B1 EP 0610498B1 EP 90911698 A EP90911698 A EP 90911698A EP 90911698 A EP90911698 A EP 90911698A EP 0610498 B1 EP0610498 B1 EP 0610498B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
honing tool
section
honing
grinding section
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90911698A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0610498A1 (de
EP0610498A4 (de
Inventor
Katsutoshi Higashikawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyo Co Ltd
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Toyo Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyo Co Ltd filed Critical Toyo Co Ltd
Priority to EP98200011A priority Critical patent/EP0839606A3/de
Publication of EP0610498A4 publication Critical patent/EP0610498A4/de
Publication of EP0610498A1 publication Critical patent/EP0610498A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0610498B1 publication Critical patent/EP0610498B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/08—Honing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/02—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution, e.g. of cylindrical or conical shapes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a honing tool for carrying out honing working of a work with high precision and super precision finishing method using the same.
  • FIG. 1 One example of such a honing tool is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the honing tool 61 comprises a hollow mandrel 62, and a plurality of grindstones 66 being provided on the outer circumference of the top end portion 63 of the mandrel 62 and movable in the radial direction.
  • the grindstones 66 are rotated while being pushed to the outside through a bed plate 67 by moving a taper part 65 of a mandrel shaft 64 up and down, and are reciprocated up and down repeatedly by the distance corresponding to the working area thereby the grinding working of a prescribed diameter is carried out.
  • some honing tool is provided with two sets of grinding sections in order to raise the working efficiency, and can perform rough machining and finish machining continuously.
  • Fig. 3 shows a honing tool 71 in such constitution.
  • the honing tool 71 is constituted by a cylindrical body 72, a main machining grinding section 73 being installed at the top end portion of the body 72 and comprising a rough grindstone, and a finish grinding section 74 being installed at the center portion and comprising a finish grindstone.
  • a tapered adjusting rod 75 is fitted to the inside of the main machining grinding section 73 so that the main machining diameter can be adjusted
  • a tapered adjusting rod 77 is fitted to the inside of the finish grinding section 74 so that the finish grinding diameter can be adjusted.
  • the honing tool 71 with the main machining diameter and the finish machining diameter being adjusted is rotated and moved by a distance corresponding to the working area thereby the grinding finishing of the prescribed diameter is carried out.
  • a known machine tool is described in GB 2223704A which describes a honing tool for honing a working surface of a finite length of a work having a plurality of grinding sections in the axial direction of a body having a free end portion in use and an attachable end portion for connecting the tool to a machine, the tool comprising:
  • JP 53-113397 discloses a method of oscillating a rod-like honing tool with a small magnitude of oscillation in the axial direction at the same time as feeding the tool through a workpiece.
  • the honing tool according to the present invention is one having a plurality of grinding sections in the axial direction of a body having a free end portion in use and an attachable end portion for connecting the tool to a machine, the tool comprising a pilot section being installed at the free end portion of the body and capable of being fitted to the work; a rough grinding section being installed adjacent to the portion of said pilot section remote from the free end portion of the body and capable of being elastically deformed in the radial direction; a finish grinding section being installed adjacent to the portion of said rough grinding section remote from the free end portion of the body and capable of being elastically deformed in the radial direction; a correction section which section operably corrects for curvature of the working surface in the axial direction of the body being installed adjacent to the portion of said finish grinding section remote from the free end portion of the body and
  • a plurality of oil grooves can extend from the free end portion of said body to the attachable end portion thereof.
  • the rough grinding section and said finish grinding section can be provided with slits to promote elastic deformation in each radial direction. Also, slits of said rough grinding section and slits of said finish grinding sections can be installed alternately with each other in the circumferential direction of said body.
  • the invention also provides a super precision finishing method for carrying out honing on a working surface to be precision finished with a honing tool according to the invention, said method comprising the steps of advancing said honing tool toward an area on said working surface to be precision finished, while rotating and reciprocating said honing tool relative to said working surface; while so axially advancing said honing tool, fitting said pilot section to said area to be honed and supporting said attachable end portion of said honing tool for rotating said tool; with said pilot section so fitted and while continuing advancing of said honing tool and rotating and reciprocating said honing tool, urging said rough grinding section and said finish grinding section into engagement with said area to be honed thereby machining it first with said rough grinding section and then with said finish grinding section; while continuing said advancing of said honing tool and said rotating and reciprocating of said honing tool, advancing said correction section of said honing tool through the working surface of said honed area and correction finishing said honed area for honing straightness;
  • a honing tool 1 shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is mainly constituted by a body 2 provided with a pilot section 5, a rough grinding section 7, a finish grinding section 10, a correction section 13 and a taper hole 17, a joint section 3 of universal joint type installed on the upper end portion of the body 2, and an adjustment section 20 capable of being fitted in the taper hole 17.
  • the body 2 is constituted by a rod member, and its outer circumference is provided with a plurality of oil grooves 15 continuing from the pilot section 5 to the correction section 13.
  • the pilot section 5 is installed on the outer circumference at the top end portion of the body, and is constituted in the divided state in the circumferential direction by the oil grooves 15 in the embodiment.
  • the outer diameter of the pilot section 5 is made slightly smaller than the hole diameter of the work before the grinding finishing.
  • the rough grinding section 7 is installed adjacent to the upper portion of the pilot body 5, and is divided in the circumferential direction by the oil grooves 15.
  • grains with rough grading are electrodeposited so as to provide large grinding amount, and its outer diameter is formed larger than the outer diameter of the pilot section 5 and slightly smaller than that of the finishing diameter of the work.
  • the oil grooves of the rough grinding section are provided with a plurality of slits 8 extending in the longitudinal direction and penetrating the taper hole 17.
  • the finish grinding section 10 is installed adjacent to the upper portion of the rough grinding section 7 and divided in the circumferential direction by the oil grooves 15. In the final grinding section 10, grains with fine grading suitable for the honing finishing are equal to the finish diameter of the work.
  • the rough grinding section 7 and the finish grinding section 10 may be formed also in that a grindstone of plate shape having grading suitable for each grinding section is stuck thereon.
  • the oil grooves 15 of the finish grinding section 10 are provided with a plurality of slits 11 extending in the longitudinal direction and penetrating the taper hole 17.
  • the slits 11 are provided on oil grooves adjacent to the oil grooves 15 having the slits 8 formed thereon, and the slits 11 and the slits 8 are formed to be positioned alternately with each other in the circumferential direction of the body 2.
  • the slits 8 and 11 are those to promote the elastic deformation of the rough grinding section 7 and the finish grinding section 10 in the radial direction respectively.
  • a correction section 13 is installed adjacent to the upper portion of the finish grinding section 10 and divided in the circumferential direction by the oil grooves 15. Outer diameter of the correction section 13 is formed slightly smaller than the finish diameter of the work, and it is formed longer than the overall length of the work in the working axis direction.
  • the taper hole 17 is bored at the inside of the rough grinding section 7 and the finish grinding section 10 having the axial line commonly, and it is opened widening towards the top end of the body 2 (lower side of Fig. 4).
  • An adjustment section 20 is constituted by a rod member capable of being fitted to the taper hole 17, and has a first taper portion 21 and a second taper portion 22 projecting in the radial direction in the embodiment and a thread portion 23 is formed in axial line shape.
  • the first taper portion 21 abuts on the wall surface of the taper hole 17 at the inside of the rough grinding section 7, and the second taper portion 22 abuts on the wall surface of the taper hole 17 at the inside of the finish grinding section 10, and both are constituted having the taper in similar manner to the taper hole 17 respectively.
  • An adjustment bolt 25 is threadedly engaged with the thread portion 23 of the adjustment section 20, and when the adjustment section 20 is strongly pushed into the taper hole 17, each of the first and second taper portions 21, 22 pushes the wall surface of the taper hole 17 and the rough grinding section 7 and the finish grinding section 10 are subjected to the elastic deformation and each machining diameter can be enlarged and adjusted simultaneously.
  • the adjustment bolt 25 is pulled from that state, thereby the adjustment section 20 moves the taper hole 17 to the open side. Thereby the pushing pressure of the wall surface of the taper hole 17 by the first and second taper portions 21, 22 is decreased, and the rough grinding section 7 and the finish grinding section 10 are restored in the diameter reducing direction by elasticity of the body 2 itself constituting the base part and each machining diameter is decreased simultaneously.
  • the joint section 3 is mounted on the main shaft of the honing machine thereby the honing working is carried out.
  • the grinding section is constituted in two stages, the rough grinding section 7 and the finish grinding section 10, it may be constituted in three or more stages further including an intermediate finish grinding section.
  • the honing machine 30 comprises a column 31, a headstock 32 being supported by the column 31 and movable up and down, a spindle head 33 being supported by the headstock 32 and movable up and down, a main spindle 40 being rotatably installed in the spindle head 33 and detachably mounting a honing tool 1 at the bottom end portion, a driving gear 45 for driving the main spindle 40 and rotating the honing tool 1, a large reciprocating device 35 for reciprocating the spindle head 33 in the axial line direction of the main spindle 40 and moving the honing tool 1 up and down throughout a distance corresponding to a working length L of a work W (overall length of a hole Wa in the axial direction), and a small reciprocating device 50 for carrying out up-and-down motion at rapid speed, the distance corresponding to the working length L being made the upper limit of amplitude, and for reciprocating the honing tool 1 up and down at small amount through the main spindle 40, where the large or small reciproc
  • the driving gear 45 of the honing machine 30 is constituted to drive a pulley 46 being spline-fitted to a spline 41 at the top end portion of the main spindle 40 by a rotary drive source 47.
  • the large reciprocating device 35 comprises an arm 34 projected from the spindle head 33 and having a female screw portion, a ball screw 36 being pivotally supported by the headstock 32 and threadedly engaged with the female screw portion of the arm 34, and a drive source 37 rotating and driving the ball screw 36.
  • the small reciprocating device 50 comprises a circular ring washer 51 having a flat surface orthogonal to the axial line of the main spindle 40 and projected at the inside of the spindle head 33, a pin 52 fixed orthogonal to the main spindle 40, an eccentric tire 54 being pivotally supported on both ends of the pin 52 and rollable on the circular ring washer 51, and a spring 55 for biasing the main spindle 40 in one direction through a flange portion 42 of the main spindle 40.
  • the eccentric tire 54 has cross section in contraction shape and is pivotally supported by the pin 52 through a ball bearing 53.
  • the eccentric tire 54 is rolled on the circular ring washer 51 accompanying with rotation of the main spindle 40.
  • the main spindle 40 is formed to be reciprocated up and down little by amplitude being two times of the eccentricity amount "a" between the axial line of the pin 52 and the axial line of the eccentric tire 54 with respect to the spindle head 33 per one revolution.
  • the small reciprocating device 50 may be constituted in that the circular ring washer 51 is formed in one cam shape and the eccentric tire 54 is replaced by a concentric tire. It may be also constituted in that the main spindle 40 is reciprocated up and down little by a crank shaft mounted on the rotational drive source.
  • diameter of the pilot section 5, the rough grinding section 7, the finish grinding section 10 and the correction section 13 of the honing tool 1 is set corresponding to the diameter of the hole Wa of the work W.
  • the machining diameter of the rough grinding section 7 and the finish grinding section 10 is adjusted by the fitting degree of the adjustment section 20 to the taper hole 17.
  • the honing tool 1 is mounted on the main spindle 40 of the honing machine 30.
  • the axial line of the hole Wa is made coincident with the axial line of the main spindle 40, and it is fixed to a table chuck 57 of the honing machine 30 below the honing tool 1.
  • the main spindle 40 is rotated and the honing tool 1 is rotated at a prescribed rotational speed.
  • the small reciprocating device 50 operates and the main spindle 40 is moved up and down with the amplitude 2a at period corresponding to the rotational speed, and accompanying with this, the honing tool 1 is reciprocated up and down little.
  • the motion of the main spindle 40 is forward motion of the large reciprocating motion, and while the honing tool 1 is rotated, the small reciprocating motion and the large reciprocating motion are superposed, and the honing tool 1 is moved downward into the hole Wa.
  • Fig. 13 is a curved line diagram explaining locus of the outer circumference of the honing tool 1 which is moved downward while being reciprocated little.
  • the honing tool 1 generates sine curve of the amplitude 2a up and down per one revolution, and is moved downward by the moving amount l by means of the large reciprocating device 35.
  • One sine curve being one round of the inner circumference of the hole Wa continues to next sine curve, and the sine curve is generated in sequence and moved downward in the arrow Y direction.
  • the pilot section 5 of the honing tool 1 is first moved in the hole Wa, and it is fitted to the hole Wa and rotates and supports the honing tool 1. Thereby advance of the honing tool 1 is guided straight and lateral rolling thereof is prevented.
  • the rough grinding section 7 is moved in the hole Wa, and while the small reciprocating motion at the rapid speed and short amplitude is repeated, the downward motion at slow speed is continued by the large reciprocating device 35. Then the rough grinding section 7 carries out the heavy machining and forms the grounding for the finishing.
  • the finish grinding section 10 is moved in the hole Wa and carries out the finish grinding working while repeating the small reciprocating motion. Further if the downward motion advances, the correction section 13 is moved in the hole Wa.
  • the correction section 13 is opposite to the hole Wa machined to the prescribed finish diameter by the finish grinding section 10 throughout the overall length of the working length L.
  • the portion is pushed by the correction section 13 and is made flat thereby the straight degree of the hole Wa is improved.
  • the large reciprocating device 35 is reversely rotated and driven and the honing tool 1 is raised and pulled out of the hole Wa.
  • the honing tool 1 is moved throughout the overall length of the working length L while repeating the small reciprocating motion, and the heavy machining and the finish machining and correction of the straight degree are carried out by the downward motion of one time thereby the work W can be finished with accuracy of super precision.
  • the honing tool of the present invention since the large reciprocating motion and the small reciprocating motion are superposed on the honing tool, and the heavy machining by the rough grinding section and the finish machining by the finish grinding section are carried out continuously, the honing working with high precision can be carried out. Moreover, as the honing finishing can be carried out by only one passing of the honing tool along the work, the working efficiency can be significantly improved.
  • the honing tool can be prevented from being rolled and can be inserted straight by the fitting between the pilot section and the work, the working accuracy can be improved and the edge can be prevented from being unsharpened.
  • the honing finishing can be carried out with high straight degree.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Honwerkzeug (1) Zum Honen einer Bearbeitungsfläche bestimmter Länge eines Werkstücks (W), wobei das Honwerkzeug in Achsrichtung eines mit einem freien Endabschnitt und einem Befestigungsendabschnitt zur Anbringung des Werkzeugs an einer Maschine versehenen Körpers (2) eine Vielzahl von Schleifabschnitten aufweist und dabei die folgenden Teile umfaßt:
    einen am freien Endabschnitt des Körpers (2) angebrachten Führungsabschnitt (5), der an das Werkstück (W) angelegt werden kann,
    einen Grobbearbeitungsabschnitt (7), der in der vom freien Endabschnitt des Körpers wegweisenden Richtung direkt neben dem Bereich des Führungsabschnitts (5) angebracht ist und sich in radialer Richtung elastisch verformen läßt,
    einen Feinbearbeitungsabschnitt (10), der in der vom freien Endabschnitt des Körpers wegweisenden Richtung direkt neben dem Grobbearbeitungsabschnitt (7) angeordnet ist und sich in radialer Richtung verformen läßt,
    einen in der vom freien Endabschnitt des Körpers wegweisenden Richtung direkt neben dem Feinbearbeitungsabschnitt (10) angebrachten Korrekturabschnitt (13), der eine Wölbung der Bearbeitungsfläche in der Achsrichtung des Körpers (2) wirksam ausgleicht und über einen Querschnitt verfügt, welcher kleiner ist als der Bearbeitungsquerschnitt des Feinbearbeitungsabschnitts, während seine Länge größer ist als die gesamte zu honende Bearbeitungsfläche des Werkstücks in Richtung der Bearbeitungsachse;
    eine Kegelbohrung (17), die wenigstens an der Innenseite des Schleif- und des Feinbearbeitungsabschnitts ausgeformt ist und deren Öffnung sich in Richtung auf das freie Ende des Körpers (2) hin gleichmäßig aufweitet;
    einen Einstellabschnitt (20), der komplementär zur Kegelbohrung (17) ausgeformt ist und wenigstens zwei Kegelabschnitte (21, 22) aufweist und mit dessen Hilfe die Bearbeitungsquerschnitte des Grobbearbeitungsabschnitts und des Feinbearbeitungsabschnitts gleichzeitig eingestellt werden können; sowie
    ein Universalgelenk (3), das an der den Befestigungsabschnitt aufweisenden Seite des Körpers (2) angebracht ist.
  2. Honwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1, wobei sich eine Vielzahl von Ölnuten (15) vom freien Endabschnitt des Körpers zu dessen Befestigungsendabschnitt erstreckt.
  3. Honwerkzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Grobbearbeitungsabschnitt (7) und der Feinbearbeitungsabschnitt (10) mit Schlitzen (8, 11) versehen sind, um die elastische Verformung in jede radiale Richtung zu erleichtern.
  4. Honwerkzeug nach Anspruch 3, wobei Schlitze (8) des Grobbearbeitungsabschnitts (7) und Schlitze (11) des Feinbearbeitungsabschnitts (10) in Umfangrichtung des Körpers (2) abwechselnd zueinander angeordnet sind.
  5. Hochpräzises Feinbearbeitungsverfahren unter Verwendung eines Honwerkzeugs nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 zum Honen einer Bearbeitungsfläche zylindrischer Bohrungen, welche abschnittsweise, und zwar zuerst mit dem freien Endabschnitt des Honwerkzeugkörpers und schließlich mit dem Befestigungsendabschnitt dieses Werkzeugkörpers, hochpräzise bearbeitet wird, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    Ausführen einer Vorschubbewegung des Honwerkzeugs auf einen Bereich der Bearbeitungsfläche zu, der präzise feinbearbeitet werden soll, während das Honwerkzeug relativ zur Bearbeitungsfläche eine Rotations- und eine Hin- und Herbewegung ausführt;
    Anlegen des Führungsabschnitts an den zu honenden Bereich und Haltern des Befestigungsendabschnitts des Honwerkzeugs zur Ausführung der Rotationsbewegung des Werkzeugs, während das Honwerkzeug die beschriebene Vorschubbewegung ausführt,
    Hineindrücken des Grobbearbeitungsabschnitts und des Feinbearbeitungsabschnitts in den zu honenden Bereich, während der Führungsabschnitt wie beschrieben anliegt und das Honwerkzeug weiter eine Vorschub- und gleichzeitig eine Rotations- und eine Hin- und Herbewegung ausführt, wodurch der zu honende Bereich zuerst mit dem Grobbearbeitungsabschnitt und dann mit dem Feinbearbeitungsabschnitt spanend bearbeitet wird;
    Ausführen einer Vorschubbewegung des Korrekturabschnitts des Honwerkzeugs durch die Bearbeitungsfläche des gehonten Bereichs und Korrekturfeinbearbeitung dieses gehonten Bereichs zur Sicherstellung der Geradlinigkeit der Honbearbeitung, während gleichzeitig die Vorschubbewegung des Honwerkzeugs und dessen Rotation- und Hin- und Herbewegung fortgesetzt wird; und
    Beenden der Vorschub-, der Rotations- und der Hin- und Herbewegung des Honwerkzeugs und Herausziehen des Honwerkzeugs aus dem korrekturfeinbearbeiteten gehonten Bereich.
EP90911698A 1990-08-04 1990-08-04 Honwerkzeug und dieses honwerkzeug verwendendes hochgenaues feinstbearbeitungsverfahren Expired - Lifetime EP0610498B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98200011A EP0839606A3 (de) 1990-08-04 1990-08-04 Honwerkzeug und hochpräzise Feinstbearbeitungsverfahren unter Verwendung dieses Honwerkzeuges

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP1990/001002 WO1992002335A1 (en) 1990-08-04 1990-08-04 Honing tool and super-high-precision finishing method using said honing tool

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98200011A Division EP0839606A3 (de) 1990-08-04 1990-08-04 Honwerkzeug und hochpräzise Feinstbearbeitungsverfahren unter Verwendung dieses Honwerkzeuges

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0610498A4 EP0610498A4 (de) 1992-12-17
EP0610498A1 EP0610498A1 (de) 1994-08-17
EP0610498B1 true EP0610498B1 (de) 1998-09-23

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EP90911698A Expired - Lifetime EP0610498B1 (de) 1990-08-04 1990-08-04 Honwerkzeug und dieses honwerkzeug verwendendes hochgenaues feinstbearbeitungsverfahren

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EP (1) EP0610498B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69032677T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1992002335A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4718168B2 (ja) * 2004-12-07 2011-07-06 株式会社日進製作所 小径ホーニングツール
DE102007045607C5 (de) 2007-09-19 2014-06-18 Gehring Technologies Gmbh Verfahren zum Honen der Innenfläche einer Bohrung und Honwerkzeug zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53113397A (en) * 1977-03-16 1978-10-03 Mazda Motor Corp Honing method using rod-like grindstone
FR2407794A1 (fr) * 1977-11-03 1979-06-01 Citroen Sa Rodoir expansible pour rodage de haute precision
JPS5511756A (en) * 1978-07-12 1980-01-26 Diesel Kiki Co Ltd Honing and hone
JPS60190559U (ja) * 1984-05-28 1985-12-17 株式会社　リケン ピストンリングのラツピング装置
JPS61288971A (ja) * 1985-06-12 1986-12-19 Toyo:Kk 精密仕上ホ−ニング盤

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JP-A-54 074 589 *
JP-A-55 011 756 *
JP-A-61 288 971 *
JP-B-56 030 149 *
JP-U-60 190 559 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0610498A1 (de) 1994-08-17
EP0610498A4 (de) 1992-12-17
DE69032677T2 (de) 1999-02-18
WO1992002335A1 (en) 1992-02-20
DE69032677D1 (de) 1998-10-29

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