EP0597832A1 - Metal-powder blend. - Google Patents

Metal-powder blend.

Info

Publication number
EP0597832A1
EP0597832A1 EP90914132A EP90914132A EP0597832A1 EP 0597832 A1 EP0597832 A1 EP 0597832A1 EP 90914132 A EP90914132 A EP 90914132A EP 90914132 A EP90914132 A EP 90914132A EP 0597832 A1 EP0597832 A1 EP 0597832A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal powder
powder mixture
graphite
metal
max
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90914132A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0597832B1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Dautzenberg
Heinz Josef Dorweiler
Karl-Heinz Lindner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
Original Assignee
Mannesmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Publication of EP0597832A1 publication Critical patent/EP0597832A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0597832B1 publication Critical patent/EP0597832B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metal powder mixture for production
  • high-strength sintered parts are used to form parts with
  • a steel alloy powder for production is known from EP 0 136 169 B1
  • This alloy powder should be cheap to manufacture and process, have good pressing properties and high strength in
  • the object of the invention is to provide a metal powder mixture which can be produced with as little effort as possible and which permits the production of high-strength and wear-resistant sintered parts whose
  • the metal powder should therefore have the property of not causing any appreciable shrinkage or waxing when sintering compacts produced therefrom with conventional compaction.
  • steel alloy powder is not intended to introduce the Cu portion into the alloy used for atomization, but to mix it with the steel powder in finely divided form.
  • the proportions of the individual alloy elements are kept in different limits than in the known steel powder. It is particularly important that the ratio of the proportion of Cu to the proportion of graphite also introduced in powder form as carbon in the metal powder mixture is kept in the range 1.4-2.5, preferably 2.0.
  • a steel powder was produced by water atomization of a melt with the following composition (% by weight):
  • this steel powder was dried and subjected to a reduction annealing in an H 2 atmosphere at about 1000 ° C. After cooling, the resulting agglomerate was ground in fine particles.
  • the residual oxygen content of the steel powder was about 0.15%, its bulk density was about 3 g / cm.
  • Metal powder mixture was a double press and sintering technique with the
  • Costly vacuum annealing such as is necessary for other fully alloyed water atomized metal powders for the same purpose, can be omitted.
  • the inexpensive manufacture is

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention proposes a metal-powder blend which can be produced simply and can be used to manufacture high-strength wear-resistant cylinder parts to tight dimensional tolerances. This metal-powder blend consists of a steel powder formed by atomizing a steel melt and mixed with 0.3-0.7 % by wt. of graphite, the steel powder consisting of: max. 0.02 % by wt. C; max. 0.03 % by wt. Si; ).05-0.25 % by wt. Mn; 2.5-5.0 % by wt. Ni; 0.2-1.5 % by wt. Mo, remainder iron and the usual impurities and the blend contains in addition 0.7-1.5 % by wt. of finely divided Cu, with the provision that the weight ratio of Cu:graphite lies within the range 1.4-2.5.

Description

Metallpulvermischung  Metal powder mixture
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Metallpulvermischung zur Herstellung The invention relates to a metal powder mixture for production
martensitisch durchgehärteter, hochfester Sinterteile auf der Basis martensitic hardened, high-strength sintered parts on the base
eines durch Verdüsung einer Stahllegierungsschmelze entstandenen one created by atomizing a steel alloy melt
Stahlpulvers, welches mit 0,3 bis 0,7 Gew-% Graphitpulver vermischt ist.  Steel powder, which is mixed with 0.3 to 0.7% by weight of graphite powder.
Unter hochfesten Sinterteilen werden in diesem Zusammenhang Teile mit  In this context, high-strength sintered parts are used to form parts with
einer Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 550 N/mm2verstanden. a tensile strength of at least 550 N / mm 2 understood.
Aus der EP 0 136 169 B1 ist ein Stahllegierungspulver zur Herstellung A steel alloy powder for production is known from EP 0 136 169 B1
hochfester Sinterteile bekannt, das besteht aus (Gew%) max. 0,02 % C known high-strength sintered parts, which consists of (wt%) max. 0.02% C
max. 0,1 % Si  Max. 0.1% Si
0,4 - 1,3 % Ni  0.4-1.3% Ni
0,2 - 0,5 % Cu  0.2-0.5% Cu
0,1 - 0,3 % Mo  0.1-0.3% Mo
max. 0,3 % Mn  Max. 0.3% Mn
max. 0,01 % N  Max. 0.01% N
Rest Eisen und übliche Verunreinigungen. Dieses Legierungspulver soll billig herstellbar und verarbeitbar sein, gute Preßeigenschaften aufweisen und eine hohe Festigkeit im Balance iron and usual impurities. This alloy powder should be cheap to manufacture and process, have good pressing properties and high strength in
gesinterten Fertigteil gewährleisten, über seine Eigenschaften  ensure sintered finished part about its properties
hinsichtlich der erzielbaren Maßgenauigkeit im Fertigteil ist in dieser Schrift nichts Näheres ausgeführt.  With regard to the achievable dimensional accuracy in the finished part, nothing is specified in this document.
Durch das Sintern eines aus Stahlpulver hergestellten Preßlings wird dessen Geometrie normalerweise verändert. Man spricht von Sintering a compact made from steel powder normally changes its geometry. One speaks of
Sinterschwund. Ein martensitisches Härten wirkt im Grundsatz wegen der damit verbundenen Volumenvergrößerung infolge der Gefügeumwandlung diesem Effekt entgegen. Selbstverständlich kann eine Volumenänderung des Fertigteils gegenüber dem zum Sintern eingesetzten Preßling auch bei der Auslegung des Preßwerkzeugs berücksichtigt werden, d.h. man versucht, die Maßabweichungen zu antizipieren und durch eine Änderung der Maße des Preßlings von vornherein auszugleichen. Eisher ist dies aber nur sehr unvollkommen gelungen, weil die relativen Maßabweichungen nicht nur von den jeweiligen Wanddicken im Preßling abhängig sind, sondern auch die am Preßling erzielte Dichte, die innerhalb desselben Preßlings und auch zwischen den einzelnen Exemplaren von an sich gleichartigen Preßlingen Schwankungen unterliegt, hierauf einen großen Einfluß hat. Insofern haben die Bemühungen zur Erzielung einer Sintering loss. In principle, martensitic hardening counteracts this effect because of the associated increase in volume as a result of the structural transformation. Of course, a change in volume of the finished part compared to the compact used for sintering can also be taken into account when designing the press tool, i.e. attempts are made to anticipate the dimensional deviations and to compensate them from the outset by changing the dimensions of the compact. Eisher succeeded in this only very imperfectly, because the relative dimensional deviations depend not only on the respective wall thicknesses in the compact, but also on the density achieved on the compact, which is subject to fluctuations within the same compact and also between the individual specimens of compacts of similar type, has a great influence on this. In this respect, efforts to achieve one
Maßkonstanz im gesinterten Fertigteil aus fertiglegierten Werkstoffen bisher lediglich eine reproduzierbare Begrenzung der Maßabweichungen auf Werte im günstigsten Fall bis zu etwa +/- 0,1 % erbracht. Für viele Teile sind derartige Abweichungen nicht mehr tolerierbar. Aus diesem Grunde unterzieht man Hinterteile vielfach einem abschließenden Dimensional consistency in the sintered finished part made of alloyed materials has so far only provided a reproducible limitation of the dimensional deviations to values in the best case up to approximately +/- 0.1%. Such deviations are no longer tolerable for many parts. For this reason, buttocks are often subjected to a final one
Kalibriervorgang, was mit erheblichen Kosten verbunden ist. Bei Calibration process, which is associated with considerable costs. at
gehärteten Teilen ist aber wegen der Härte der Sinterteile nicht einmal das mehr möglich. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Metallpulvermischung anzugeben, die mit möglichst geringem Aufwand herstellbar ist und die Herstellung von hochfesten und verschleißfesten Sinterteilen gestattet, deren Hardened parts are not even possible because of the hardness of the sintered parts. The object of the invention is to provide a metal powder mixture which can be produced with as little effort as possible and which permits the production of high-strength and wear-resistant sintered parts whose
Maßabweichungen in einem Toleranzband von maximal +/- 0,05 % Breite gehalten werden können, ohne daß es hierzu zusätzlicher konstruktiver Maßnahmen am Preßwerkzeug für die Herstellung der zu sinternden  Dimensional deviations can be kept within a tolerance band of a maximum of +/- 0.05% width without additional design measures being taken on the pressing tool for the production of the sintered
Preßlinge bedarf. Das Metallpulver soll also die Eigenschaft haben, beim Sintern von daraus mit üblicher Verdichtung hergestellten Preßlingen kein nennenswertes Schrumpfen oder Wachsen zu bewirken.  Compacts needed. The metal powder should therefore have the property of not causing any appreciable shrinkage or waxing when sintering compacts produced therefrom with conventional compaction.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Metallpulvermischung mit den This task is solved by a metal powder mixture with the
Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen dieser Mischung sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 6 angegeben.  Features of patent claim 1. Advantageous further developments of this mixture are specified in subclaims 2 to 6.
Im Gegensatz zu dem aus der EP 0 136 169 B1 bekannten In contrast to that known from EP 0 136 169 B1
Stahllegierungspulver ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, den Cu-Anteil nicht bereits in die zur Verdüsung eingesetzte Legierung einzubringen, sondern in feinteiliger Form mit dem Stahlpulver zu vermischen. Außerdem sind die Mengenanteile der einzelnen Legierungselemente gemäß Anspruch 1 in anderen 6renzen gehalten als bei dem bekannten Stahlpulver. Besonders wesentlich ist es, daß das Verhältnis des Cu-Anteils an dem ebenfalls in Pulverform als Kohlenstoff in die Metallpulvermischung eingebrachten Graphitanteil im Bereich 1,4-2,5, vorzugsweise 2,0 gehalten wird. Bei Einhaltung aller Vorschriften des Patentanspruchs 1 gelingt es  According to the invention, steel alloy powder is not intended to introduce the Cu portion into the alloy used for atomization, but to mix it with the steel powder in finely divided form. In addition, the proportions of the individual alloy elements are kept in different limits than in the known steel powder. It is particularly important that the ratio of the proportion of Cu to the proportion of graphite also introduced in powder form as carbon in the metal powder mixture is kept in the range 1.4-2.5, preferably 2.0. With compliance with all provisions of claim 1, it succeeds
überraschenderweise, Preßlinge nach üblichen Preßverfahren der Surprisingly, compacts according to the usual pressing method
Pulvermetallurgie herzustellen, die unter wiederum üblichen Manufacture powder metallurgy, which in turn is usual
Sinterbedingungen unabhängig von den Wanddicken der Preßlinge nahezu völlige Maßkonstanz aufweisen. Die Maßabweichungen betragen weniger als +/- 0,05 V Bei Abkühlung an Luft oder mittels einer in der Kühlzone des Sinterofens angeordneten Gasdusche (z.B. unter Druck zugeführtes Inertgas) ergibt sich in den Sinterteilen ein vollständig martensitisches Gefüge, das den Teilen eine hohe Festigkeit (über 750 N/mm2) verleiht, ohne daß es hierzu einer nachträglichen Wärmebehandlung bedarf. Sintering conditions have almost complete dimensional stability regardless of the wall thickness of the compacts. The dimensional deviations are less than +/- 0.05 V. When cooling in air or by means of a gas shower arranged in the cooling zone of the sintering furnace (e.g. inert gas supplied under pressure), a completely martensitic structure results in the sintered parts, which gives the parts a high strength (over 750 N / mm 2 ) without it this requires a subsequent heat treatment.
Anhand des nachfolgenden Ausführungsbeispiels wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the following exemplary embodiment.
Es wurde ein Stahlpulver durch Wasserverdüsung einer Schmelze mit folgender Zusammensetzung (Gew-%) erzeugt: A steel powder was produced by water atomization of a melt with the following composition (% by weight):
0,01 % C 0.01% C
0,02 % Si  0.02% Si
0,10 % Mn  0.10% Mn
4,0 % Ni  4.0% Ni
0,5 % Mo  0.5% Mo
0,020 % P  0.020% P
0,010 % S  0.010% S
Rest Eisen und übliche Verunreinigungen.  Balance iron and usual impurities.
Nach der Wasserverdüsung wurde dieses Stahlpulver getrocknet und bei etwa 1000°C einer Reduktionsglühung in einer H2-Atmosphäre unterzogen. Nach Abkühlung wurde das so entstandene Agglomerat feinteilig vermählen . Der Restsauerstoffgehalt des Stahlpulvers belief sich auf etwa 0,15 %, seine Fülldichte betrug etwa 3 g/cm . After the water atomization, this steel powder was dried and subjected to a reduction annealing in an H 2 atmosphere at about 1000 ° C. After cooling, the resulting agglomerate was ground in fine particles. The residual oxygen content of the steel powder was about 0.15%, its bulk density was about 3 g / cm.
Diesem Stahlpulver wurden anschließlich 0,60 % Graphitpulver und 1,0 % feiπteiliges Cu sowie ca. 1 % übliches Schmiermittel zugesetzt. Nach gleichmäßiger Mischung dieser Komponenten wurden Preßlinge durch Then 0.60% graphite powder and 1.0% particulate Cu as well as approx. 1% common lubricant were added to this steel powder. After these components had been mixed uniformly, compacts were passed through
Kaltpressen in üblicher Weise erzeugt, wobei die Dichte der Preßlinge etwa 7 g/cm3 betrug. Nach dem Sintern dieser Preßlinge bei etwa 1120ºC ergaben sich an den Fertigteilen Maßabweichungen von weniger als +/- 0,03 % gegenüber den Preßlingsmaßen. Die Teile waren bei Abkühlung unter einer Cold presses produced in the usual manner, the density of the compacts being about 7 g / cm 3 . After sintering these compacts at about 1120 ° C, the finished parts showed dimensional deviations of less than +/- 0.03% compared to the compact dimensions. The parts were under one when cooled
Stickstoffdusche nach dem Sintern vollständig martensitisch  Nitrogen shower completely martensitic after sintering
durchgehärtet und wiesen eine Zugfestigkeit von über 820 N/mm2bei einerfully hardened and had a tensile strength of over 820 N / mm 2 at one
Härte von ca. 400 HB. 400 HB hardness.
Bei einem weiteren Versuch mit dieser erfindungsgemäßen In a further experiment with this invention
Metallpulvermischung wurde eine Zweifachpreß- und -Sintertechnik mit den Metal powder mixture was a double press and sintering technique with the
Temperaturstufen 800°C und 1120ºC auf die Preßlinge angewendet. Dabei ergaben sich durch die beiden Sintervorgänge wiederum Maßabweichungen von jeweils weniger als 0,03 %. Die Zugfestigkeit lag bei ca. 900 N/mm2, die Härte bei ca. 450 HB. Temperature levels 800 ° C and 1120 ° C applied to the compacts. The two sintering processes resulted in dimensional deviations of less than 0.03% each. The tensile strength was approx. 900 N / mm 2 , the hardness approx. 450 HB.
Die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Metallpulvermischung sind The advantages of the metal powder mixture according to the invention are
insbesondere darin zu sehen, daß maßkonstante Sinterteile hergestellt werden können, die keine aufwendige mechanische, umformtechnische oder wärmetechnische Nachbehandlung nach dem Sintern mehr erfordern und wobei das Stahlpulver auf preisgünstige Weise herstellbar ist. Es ist nämlich für die gewählte Legierung der Erfindung eine Wasserverdüsung mit anschließender Reduktion unter H2-Atmosphäre anwendbar. Eine Particularly to be seen in the fact that dimensionally constant sintered parts can be produced which no longer require complex mechanical, shaping or thermal aftertreatment after sintering and the steel powder can be produced in an inexpensive manner. Namely, water atomization with subsequent reduction under an H 2 atmosphere can be used for the selected alloy of the invention. A
kostenaufwendige Vakuumglühung, wie sie bei anderen fertiglegierten wasserverdüsten Metallpulvern für den gleichen Einsatzzweck notwendig ist, kann hierbei entfallen. Die preiswerte Herstellung ist Costly vacuum annealing, such as is necessary for other fully alloyed water atomized metal powders for the same purpose, can be omitted. The inexpensive manufacture is
darüberhinaus noch verbunden mit der Erzielung hervorragender furthermore connected with the achievement of excellent
Festigkeits- und Verschleißeigenschaften. Strength and wear properties.

Claims

Patentansprüche 1. Metallpulvermischung zur Herstellung martensitisch 1. Metal powder mixture for the production of martensitic
durchgehärteter, hochfester Sinterteile auf der Basis eines durch through-hardened, high-strength sintered parts on the basis of a
Verdüsung einer Stahllegierungsschmelze entstandenen Stahlpulvers, welches mit 0,3-0,7 Gew-% Graphit vermischt ist, Atomization of a steel alloy melt produced steel powder, which is mixed with 0.3-0.7% by weight graphite,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
daß das Stahllegierungspulver besteht aus (Gew-%) max . 0 , 02 % C  that the steel alloy powder consists of (% by weight) max. 0.02% C
max . 0 , 03 % Si  Max . 0.03% Si
0 ,05 - 0 , 25 % Mn  0.05-0.25% Mn
2 , 5 - 5 , 0 % Ni  2.5 - 5.0% Ni
0 , 2 - 1 , 5 % Mo  0.2-2.5% Mo
Rest Eisen und übliche Verunreinigungen und daß die Mischung feinteiliges Cu in einer Menge von 0,7 - 1,5 % enthält mit der Maßgabe, daß das Mengenverhältnis Cu : Graphit im Bereich 1,4 - 2,5 liegt.  Remainder iron and usual impurities and that the mixture contains finely divided Cu in an amount of 0.7-1.5% with the proviso that the Cu: graphite ratio is in the range 1.4-2.5.
2. Metallpulvermischung nach Anspruch 1, 2. metal powder mixture according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
daß der Mn-Gehalt auf Werte von 0,10 - 0,20 eingeschränkt ist.  that the Mn content is restricted to values from 0.10 to 0.20.
3. Metallpulvermischung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. metal powder mixture according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
daß der Ni-Gehalt auf 3,0 - 4,0 % eingeschränkt ist. that the Ni content is limited to 3.0 - 4.0%.
4. Metallpulvermischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 4. Metal powder mixture according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in
daß der Mo-Gehalt auf Werte von 0,5 - 1,0 % eingeschränkt ist,  that the Mo content is restricted to values of 0.5-1.0%,
5. Metallpulvermischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, 5. metal powder mixture according to one of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
daß der Graphitzusatz auf 0,5 - 0,6 % eingeschränkt ist.  that the graphite addition is limited to 0.5 - 0.6%.
6. Metallpulvermischung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, 6. metal powder mixture according to one of claims 1 to 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
daß das Verhältnis Cu : Graphit bei 2 liegt.  that the Cu: graphite ratio is 2.
EP90914132A 1990-01-19 1990-09-28 Metal-powder blend Expired - Lifetime EP0597832B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4001900 1990-01-19
DE4001900A DE4001900A1 (en) 1990-01-19 1990-01-19 METAL POWDER MIXING
PCT/DE1990/000751 WO1991010753A1 (en) 1990-01-19 1990-09-28 Metal-powder blend

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0597832A1 true EP0597832A1 (en) 1994-05-25
EP0597832B1 EP0597832B1 (en) 1995-06-28

Family

ID=6398606

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90914132A Expired - Lifetime EP0597832B1 (en) 1990-01-19 1990-09-28 Metal-powder blend

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0597832B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2908018B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE124467T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2074193C (en)
DE (2) DE4001900A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1991010753A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE0203135D0 (en) * 2002-10-23 2002-10-23 Hoeganaes Ab Dimensional control

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1298614A (en) * 1961-08-08 1962-07-13 Mannesmann Ag Process for the production of sintered pressed bodies
DE1207634B (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-12-23 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Powder mixture for the production of steel objects according to known powder metallurgical processes
GB1162702A (en) * 1965-09-14 1969-08-27 Hoganas Billesholms Ab Low Alloy Iron Powder and process of preparing the same
GB1305608A (en) * 1970-03-18 1973-02-07
US4170474A (en) * 1978-10-23 1979-10-09 Pitney-Bowes Powder metal composition
JPS6075501A (en) * 1983-09-29 1985-04-27 Kawasaki Steel Corp Alloy steel powder for high strength sintered parts

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9110753A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1991010753A1 (en) 1991-07-25
CA2074193A1 (en) 1991-07-20
JPH05503318A (en) 1993-06-03
DE59009358D1 (en) 1995-08-03
CA2074193C (en) 2003-09-16
JP2908018B2 (en) 1999-06-21
DE4001900A1 (en) 1991-07-25
ATE124467T1 (en) 1995-07-15
EP0597832B1 (en) 1995-06-28

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