EP0597181B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren von magnetischen Werkstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren von magnetischen Werkstoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0597181B1 EP0597181B1 EP93110179A EP93110179A EP0597181B1 EP 0597181 B1 EP0597181 B1 EP 0597181B1 EP 93110179 A EP93110179 A EP 93110179A EP 93110179 A EP93110179 A EP 93110179A EP 0597181 B1 EP0597181 B1 EP 0597181B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- resonant circuit
- alternating field
- recharging
- demagnetizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F13/00—Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
- H01F13/006—Methods and devices for demagnetising of magnetic bodies, e.g. workpieces, sheet material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for Demagnetize or calibrate magnetic materials in a decaying alternating magnetic field according to the generic term of the main claim.
- Demagnetization processes are based insist that magnets have an alternating magnetic field with decreasing Amplitude are exposed. The demagnetization will repeated several times, in between the magnetization of the Magnet or its working point is measured.
- DE 3005927 C2 proposes a method in which the magnetic flux density in the air gap of the demagnetized Magnet is measured and the enveloping amplitude of the AC field is lowered when the desired value is reached is.
- the method is based on the fact that the amplitude of the magnetic Alternating field of a resonant circuit by changing the Supply voltage with automatically set resonance frequency is forcibly reduced.
- the invention has for its object a method and specify a device with which magnetic materials can be demagnetized more reliably.
- the invention assumes that the duration of the falling magnetic alternating field for demagnetization particularly long must be, or that the ratio of successive amplitudes must be larger than with an alternating field generating resonant circuits can be reached.
- the relationship the amplitudes of successive equipolar Half periods (or the decay constant) should therefore be close to 1 be.
- the ratio can advantageously also be as constant value between 0.9 and 1.0 can be set.
- a the upper limit lies on the one hand in the technically achievable, to but others must adjust the magnets to an economical one Duration can be limited.
- the underlying principle can be described in that synchronous to the magnetic alternating field in the resonant circuit Energy is fed.
- the energy is preferably fed in in cycle times with shorter units than one half period of the alternating field.
- Air coils By the measures according to the invention it is with air coils less important, what shape and what quality (L / R) this to have. Air coils can be used, which are under conventional Conditions very bad as inductance in Parallel resonant circuits would work. When using the invention don't particularly need the volume and internal resistance, or the resulting quality to be observed.
- L inductance
- C capacity
- R effective resistance of the resonant circuit
- t time
- a o initial amplitude
- a resonant circuit that is used for magnetization or demagnetization contains, besides the magnet, its magnetization should be changed, usually more conductive and magnetic Materials. Losses due to magnetic reversal occur in them and eddy currents, this creates the resonant circuit damped and the oscillation frequency fl can no longer describe solely by the formula given above, which only treated the ohmic damping.
- the following is intended as the amplitude ratio the ratio of two successive ones positive amplitudes of the alternating field A2 (t + T) / A1 (t) be understood. The period is T.
- the amplitude ratio (or the decay constant ⁇ ) in resonant circuits with magnetic materials is even less favorable than in resonant circuits only with ohmic losses.
- the duration of the evenly decaying alternating field extend to the energy lost through damping to deliver later.
- the invention is described in more detail in the single figure. she shows a circuit arrangement with energy feed for extension of the alternating field.
- the parallel resonant circuit consists of two inductors L1 and L2 and the capacitor C1.
- the primary energy for the resonant circuit (for the time 0 of the alternating field) is from a high voltage power supply LS1 provided once by charging the capacitor C1.
- the control unit SM consists essentially of a microprocessor MP, associated program or data memories (e.g. EPROM), an analog-digital converter ADW and one Interface unit IOP.
- the control unit SM can overall can also be realized by a personal computer.
- the charging current flows into capacitor C1 when from the control unit SM activates the power supply LS1, or the switch S2 is closed.
- the voltage measurement on capacitor C1 is carried out via an analog-digital converter ADW, via which the voltage U1 of the control unit SM is supplied.
- the measured Voltage is proportional to the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field.
- the capacitor C1 becomes from the energy of the charging capacitor C2 reloaded.
- the voltage U2 at the charging capacitor C2 is tapped and the control unit SM via the analog-digital converter ADW fed.
- the frequency of the square wave voltage f2 can also range from 10 to 100 times the frequency fl vary.
- the rectangular generator G1 triggers a monoflop M1.
- the sine / square wave converter SR1 generates one in-phase square wave voltage to the voltage across capacitor C1.
- the Rectangular generator G1 a high-frequency square wave voltage.
- the negative half wave of the capacitor voltage is the Output of the rectangular generator G1 "low"; there will be no control signal submitted.
- the output of the monoflop M1 controls via the switch S3 in position "b" is the duty cycle of switch S5.
- the cycle time Tt is at the selected frequency f2 about 300 microseconds.
- the duty cycle of the switch S5 is frequency preset manually using potentiometer TR1; thus the effective recharge current for the capacitor C1 determinable.
- square wave generator G1 and monoflop M1 With the three units sine / square wave converter SR1, square wave generator G1 and monoflop M1 becomes the frequency and duty cycle of the switch S5 determined by hardware.
- the control unit SM charges the capacitor C2 Closes switch S4. There is a second one High voltage power supply LS2 available.
- the capacity of the Charging capacitor C2 is about twice the size of the Capacitor C1 selected.
- the charging voltage U2 of the capacitor C2 must be larger than that by a certain factor (K1) Start voltage of capacitor C1.
- K1 2 suggested.
- the inductance L2 is for the operation of the resonant circuit Cl, L1, L2 only of minor importance because of their ohmic Resistance even contributes somewhat to damping. she will however used to large when closing switch S5 Compensating currents between charging capacitor C2 and capacitor C1 to avoid, which would otherwise destroy the switch S5. There the frequency f2 of the recharge (determined by the duty cycle of the switch S5) is significantly greater than the oscillation frequency f1 of the resonant circuit C1, L1, L2, the inductance L2 be smaller in this ratio to their inductive Limit resistance.
- the diode D2 between the high-voltage power supply LS2 and the resonant circuit C1, L1, L2 is used so that the resonant circuit during the negative half-wave remains separated from the capacitor C2.
- the Demagnetization stops when the amplitude of the alternating field has dropped below 1 percent of the initial value.
- the circuit arrangement described dispenses with during the negative half-wave of the alternating magnetic field to recharge capacitor C1.
- capacitor C2 When switch S4 is open, capacitor C2 is not recharged. Reduced by the charge transfer to capacitor C1 the amount of charge in the charging capacitor C2 over time about exponential. The gradual decrease in the tension of the Charging capacitor C2 is quite desirable because the duration of the Alternating field should be finite. Raising the envelope and extension of the alternating field is due to the amount of charge in capacitor C2, the charging voltage U2 of capacitor C2 (Factor K1) and the duty cycle of the switch S5. The duration of the process is defined by the duty cycle. In this simple embodiment, the control unit SM only controls the charging voltage U2 of the capacitor C2.
- the additional effort by using two power supplies is not Disadvantage because the power supplies are each for the performance very different charging voltages U1 and U2 can be.
- the one power supply must be on the larger one Charging power can be designed.
- the power supplies can also be switched in this way be that the power supply LS1 charges the capacitor C2 and / or the power supply LS2 recharges the capacitor C1.
- the figure is the waiver of a power supply, or the simultaneous Use of both power supplies for recharging each capacitor with a dashed connection between the power supply LS1 and switch S4 indicated.
- switches S2 and S4 controlled accordingly by the control unit SM, so that at simultaneous monitoring of voltages U1 or U2 synchronously for the oscillation of the resonant circuit in phase from the power supply LS1 charge to capacitor C2 and / or from power supply LS2 charge flows to capacitor C1.
- a demagnetizing resonant circuit becomes the extensive capabilities of the microprocessor used. It is with different magnetic materials namely advantageous, as many parameters of the magnetic Manipulate alternating field.
- the alternating field can be regarding change the following sizes: Skip the first half-wave from influencing the alternating field or beginning of the influencing with an even later half-wave; Raising the decay constant to a fixed value and keeping it constant the value or generation of a time-varying decay constant.
- the switch S3 is therefore used for this type of manipulation brought into position "a" and thus from monoflop M1 uncoupled.
- the pulse duty factor is no longer via the three modules SR1, G1, M1 fixed.
- the synchronization via the control unit SM takes place via the tap GG behind the sine / square converter SR1.
- the duty cycle of the switch S5 is therefore programmed controllable and all parameters for changing the alternating field the resonant circuit (in particular duty cycle, charging voltages the capacitors C1 and C2) are free within limits variable.
- the program control can be done in a tabular manner amplitude values are specified in the permanent memory of the microprocessor MP are, each of the prevailing initial conditions (e.g. the charging voltage).
- the influencing of the decaying alternating field by energy feed can also be done by comparing the amplitude proportional Measuring voltage U1 with a high-performance microprocessor the control unit SM calculated in real time, likewise setpoints dependent on the initial conditions Envelope E (t) of the alternating field can be made.
- control unit SM in operating in pulse width modulation mode.
- a Microprocessor with integrated pulse width modulation used, so that the microprocessor does the job of the rectangle generator G1 and the monoflop M1 takes over. This will result in This mode of operation has the advantages of manipulating the duty cycle fully used over time.
- the oscillation cycle ends when the amplitude A (measured value U1) less than 1 percent of the initial amplitude (initial measured value) is. The value of the magnetization of the magnet will finally measured.
- Target value of the magnetization which is within a certain target bandwidth lies (for example ⁇ 10 percent), not yet reached, so that further demagnetization cycles follow have to.
- These cycles are based on the principle of successive approximation. The principle is like this implemented that the charging voltage of capacitor C1 in the next Cycle by half the difference of the previous two Values with a certain sign are changed.
- a new Demagnetization cycle follows the first cycle with a new one Charging voltage U1.
- the circuit arrangement can also be used for magnets to magnetize.
- To operate the circuit arrangement as Magnetizing device are those with the reference symbol AM summarized parts (switch S6, control line for switch S6, diode D1 against ground) added to the resonant circuit.
- the Switches S1 and S4 are set to the "off" position. Of the Switch S6 is turned on by the control unit SM. Of the Capacitor C1 is closed when switch S2 is closed Power supply LS1 charged until a certain high charging voltage in the capacitor C1. To generate the switch S1 is closed. The resulting vibration is without negative half-wave, because the Diode D1 shorts the voltage of the negative half wave.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Claims (18)
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren von magnetischen Werkstoffen in einem abklingenden magnetischen Wechselfeld eines elektrischen Schwingkreises mit beeinflußbarer Amplitude, wobei der Energieinhalt des Schwingkreises (C1,L1,L2) durch Energieeinspeisung steuerbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Energieeingespeisung in den Schwingkreis (C1,L1,L2) synchron zur periodisch, magnetischen Feldeinwirkung erfolgt.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Energieeinspeisung in kürzeren Zeiteinheiten als eine halbe Periode (T/2) des Wechselfeldes erfolgt.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Energie derart eingespeist wird, daß die Abklingkonstante (α) der Einhüllenden E(t) = Ao exp(-αt) des Wechselfeldes nahe 1,0 liegt.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Kondensator (C1) des Schwingkreises (C1,L1,L2) nachgeladen wird.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren von magnetischen Werkstoffen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Nachladen nur während gleichpoliger Halbwellen des Wechselfeldes stattfindet.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Nachladen erst mit Beginn der zweiten oder einer späteren Halbwelle einsetzt.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das primäre Laden und das Nachladen des Kondensators (C1) aus einem einzigen Netzteil (LS1) erfolgt.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Nachladen als Ladungsübertragung aus einem Kondensator (C2) erfolgt.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Energie zum primären Laden des Kondensators des Schwingkreises (C1) und das Speisen des Nachladekondensators (C2) aus je einem Netzteil (LS1,LS2) geliefert wird.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eneraie zum primären Laden des Kondensators (C1) des Schwingkreises (C1,L1,L2), und das Speisen des Nachladekondensators (C2) wahlweise aus einem von zwei Netzteilen (LS1, LS2) geliefert wird.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beeinflussung des abklingenden Wechselfeldes durch Energieeinspeisung mittels Vergleich einer amplitudenproportionalen Meßspannung (U1) mit in einem Festwertspeicher (MP) abgelegten und von den Anfangsbedingungen abhängigen Sollwerten der Einhüllenden E(t) des Wechselfeldes von einer Steuereinheit (SM) vorgenommen wird.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beeinflussung des abklingenden Wechselfeldes durch Energieeinspeisung mittels Vergleich einer amplitudenproportionalen Meßspannung (U1) mit von einem Mikroprozessor (MP) in Echtzeit berechneten, von den Anfangsbedingungen abhängigen Sollwerten der Einhüllenden E(t) des Wechselfeldes von einer Steuereinheit (SM) vorgenommen wird.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche gekennzeichnet, daß die Beeinflussung des abklingenden Wechselfeldes durch Energieeinspeisung von einer Steuereinheit (SM) in der Betriebsweise Pulsweitenmodulation vorgenommen wird.
- Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beeinflussung des abklingenden Wechselfeldes durch Ansteuerung eines von der Spannung (U1) am Schwingkreiskondensator gesteuerten Schalters (S5) zwischen Nachladekondensator (C2) oder Nachladenetzteil (LS1, LS2) und Kondensator (C1) des Schwingkreises vorgenommen wird.
- Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren nach dem Verfahren gemäß Ansprüche 1 bis 14 bestehend aus einer Halterung für den Magnetwerkstoff in einer Luftspule eines Schwingkreises (C1,L1,L2), mit in den Schwingkreis (C1,L1,L2) eingefügten elektrischen Bauelementen, mit denen der Verlauf des Wechselfeldes veränderbar ist und mit einer Einrichtung zur Energielieferung in den Schwingkreis (C1,L1,L2), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schwingkreis (C1,L1,L2) einen Meßabgriff (U1) hat, von dem die Kondensatorspannung (U1) einer Steuereinheit (MP,SM) zur Steuerung des Wechselfeldes zuführbar ist,daß von dem Meßabgriff (U1) Frequenz und Phase der Spannung (U1) der Steuereinheit (SM) über einen Sinus/Rechteck-Wandler (SR1) zugeführt wird, daß die Steuereinheit (MP,SM) in Taktzeiten (Tt), die klein sind gegenüber der Periode (T) des Wechselfeldes die Kondensatorspannung (U1) mit Werten für eine vorgegebene Abklingkonstante (α) nahe 1,0 vergleicht und daß die Steuereinheit (SM) einen Schalter (S5) zwischen Nachladekondensator (C2) oder Nachladenetzteil (LS1,LS2) und Kondensator (C1) des Schwingkreises ansteuert und damit dem Wechselfeld eine Veränderung aufprägt, die einem vorgebbaren Verlauf der Einhüllenden E(t) des abklingenden Wechselfeldes entspricht.
- Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren nach dem Verfahren gemäß Ansprüche 1 bis 14 bestehend aus einer Halterung für den Maanetwerkstoff in einer Luftspule eines Schwingkreises (C1,L1,L2), mit in den Schwingkreis eingefügten elektrischen Bauelementen, mit denen der Verlauf des Wechselfeldes veränderbar ist und mit einer Einrichtung zur Energielieferung in den Schwingkreis, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwingkreiskondensatorspannung (U1) einem Sinus/Rechteck-Wandler (SR1) zugeführt wird, daß das Ausgangssignal des Sinus/Rechteck-Wandlers (SR1) auf einen Rechteckgenerator (G1) und ein in Reihe geschaltetes und mit einem Potentiometer (TR1) einstellbares Monoflop (M1) wirkt und daß das Ausgangssignal des Monoflops (M1) das Tastverhältnis eines Schalters (S5) zwischen Nachladekondensator (C2) oder Nachladenetzteil (LS1,LS2) und Kondensator (C1) des Schwingkreises bestimmt.
- Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 oder 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ansteuerung des Schalters (S5) zwischen Nachladekondensator (C2) oder Nachladenetzteil (LS1,LS2) und Kondensator (C1) des Schwingkreises mit einem Schalter (S3) umschaltbar ist, so daß die Vorrichtung entweder in der Betriebsart Mikroprozessorsteuerung gemäß Anspruch 15 oder in der Betriebsart Festwertansteuerung gemäß Anspruch 16 betreibbar ist.
- Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17 zur Magnetisierung von magnetisierbaren Werkstoffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Schwingkreis (C1,L1,L2) eine schaltbare Masseverbindung (AM) zur Begrenzung des magnetischen Wechselfeldes auf eine Halbwelle parallel geschaltet wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4237704 | 1992-11-07 | ||
DE4237704A DE4237704C1 (de) | 1992-11-07 | 1992-11-07 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren von magnetischen Werkstoffen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0597181A1 EP0597181A1 (de) | 1994-05-18 |
EP0597181B1 true EP0597181B1 (de) | 1998-04-01 |
Family
ID=6472386
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93110179A Expired - Lifetime EP0597181B1 (de) | 1992-11-07 | 1993-06-25 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren von magnetischen Werkstoffen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0597181B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE164701T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4237704C1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005020933A1 (de) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-11-09 | Stz Mechatronik | Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren von magnetischen Kreisen und zur Messung von Magnetisierungskurven |
DE102007009361A1 (de) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie, dieses vertr. d. d. Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren eines Objektes aus zumindest teilweise ferromagnetischem Material |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH717381B1 (de) * | 2020-05-04 | 2022-10-31 | Maurer Albert | Elektronische Schaltvorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren von ferromagnetischen Körpern. |
CH718185A1 (de) | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-30 | Maurer Albert | Elektronische Schaltvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren von ferromagnetischem Material. |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH582411A5 (de) * | 1975-03-03 | 1976-11-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
IT1119003B (it) * | 1979-06-25 | 1986-03-03 | Riv Officine Di Villar Perosa | Dispositivo smagnetizzatore |
DE3005927A1 (de) * | 1980-02-16 | 1981-09-03 | Erich Dr.-Ing. 5300 Bonn Steingroever | Entmagnetisier-verfahren |
US4471403A (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1984-09-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Biasing and fast degaussing circuit for magnetic materials |
-
1992
- 1992-11-07 DE DE4237704A patent/DE4237704C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-06-25 EP EP93110179A patent/EP0597181B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-25 AT AT93110179T patent/ATE164701T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-25 DE DE59308340T patent/DE59308340D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005020933A1 (de) * | 2005-05-04 | 2006-11-09 | Stz Mechatronik | Verfahren zum Entmagnetisieren von magnetischen Kreisen und zur Messung von Magnetisierungskurven |
DE102007009361A1 (de) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-08-28 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie, dieses vertr. d. d. Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren eines Objektes aus zumindest teilweise ferromagnetischem Material |
DE102007009361B4 (de) * | 2007-02-23 | 2012-02-16 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertr. d. d. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie, dieses vertr. d. d. Präsidenten der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entmagnetisieren eines Objektes aus zumindest teilweise ferromagnetischem Material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4237704C1 (de) | 1993-09-30 |
EP0597181A1 (de) | 1994-05-18 |
DE59308340D1 (de) | 1998-05-07 |
ATE164701T1 (de) | 1998-04-15 |
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