EP0596095A1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zum erhitzen und schmelzen von stückigem eisenschwamm - Google Patents
Verfahren und einrichtung zum erhitzen und schmelzen von stückigem eisenschwammInfo
- Publication number
- EP0596095A1 EP0596095A1 EP93912764A EP93912764A EP0596095A1 EP 0596095 A1 EP0596095 A1 EP 0596095A1 EP 93912764 A EP93912764 A EP 93912764A EP 93912764 A EP93912764 A EP 93912764A EP 0596095 A1 EP0596095 A1 EP 0596095A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- preheating
- gas
- temperature
- iron
- preheater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
- C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
- C21B13/002—Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
- C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, it relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 10.
- the invention is based on the object, in a method of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, of preheating the highly reactive sponge iron to temperatures of about 850 ° C. without substantial oxidation losses and at the same time avoiding an excess of high-energy exhaust gases. Furthermore, a device for carrying out this method is to be specified.
- the method according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1.
- Advantageous embodiments of the method can be found in claims 2 to 9.
- the device according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 10. Advantageous embodiments of this device are described in the remaining claims.
- the different reactivity of the sponge iron at temperatures of different heights is utilized by preheating the sponge iron in several stages and assigning a certain temperature and a certain gas atmosphere to each of the preheating stages. While at high temperatures of 800 to 900 ° C the sponge iron can only be heated with reducing gases, it is possible to preheat the lower temperature, such as 250 or 500 ° C, to heat the sponge iron in a neutral atmosphere. Appropriate individual control of the temperature and gas atmosphere in the individual preheating stages enables a significant increase in economy to be achieved. With the device according to the invention, the subdivision into various preheating stages and the control of temperature and gas atmosphere in these preheating stages can be implemented in a structurally particularly simple manner.
- the figure shows schematically a method for melting sponge iron 10 with four preheating chambers 11 to 14 arranged one above the other, which are lined with refractory material, a cupola furnace 15, which is designed to be transportable and is arranged under the fourth preheating chamber 14, a coke store 16 with a Feed line 17 to the cupola furnace 15, a recuperator 18, a gas cleaning system 19 and a coal store 20.
- the first preheating chamber 11 is rectangular and has a gas outlet 21, which is connected via a line 22 to the gas cleaning system 19, and a charging opening 23, through which sponge iron 10 and limestone 24 can be introduced into the first preheating chamber 11.
- the bottom of the first preheating chamber 11 is displaceably mounted and designed to open and close the preheating chamber 11 as a slide 25 in order to bring predetermined amounts of sponge iron 10 and limestone 24 directly into the preheating chamber 12 underneath.
- the preheating chamber 12 is stepped in the upper region and is also rectangular.
- a gas space 26, i.e. a solid-free area is formed in the preheating chamber 12.
- the third and fourth preheating chambers 13, 14 are designed like the second preheating chamber 12, namely also stepped and with a slide 28 and 29 as an intermediate floor between the chambers 12/13 and 13/14.
- the slides 25, 28 and 29 are maximally displaceable over the width of the respective step below, so that the iron sponge 10 and the limestone 24 in the respectively below through the opening resulting from the movement of the slider 25, 28 or 29 lying preheating chamber 12, 13 or 14 fall or can be discharged.
- the material flow from the first into the fourth preheating chamber 11, 14 can thus be controlled via the slides 25, 28 and 29.
- the fourth preheating chamber 14 has no slide. Rather, it tapers in the lower region and is connected to the cupola furnace 15 via a metering flap 33.
- the preheating chamber 12, 13 and 14 is provided with a burner 30, 31 and 32, respectively, which opens into the associated gas space 26, 27 and 50 of the relevant preheating chamber.
- the fourth preheating chamber 14 in the lower half on another burner 34.
- the preheating chambers 11 to 14 are arranged directly one above the other 5 and offset.
- the third preheating chamber 13 is arranged on the lower stage of the fourth preheating chamber 14, the second preheating chamber 12 on the lower stage of the third preheating chamber 13 and the first preheating chamber 11 on the lower stage of the second preheating chamber 12.
- the preheating chambers 11 to 13 have gas inlets 35, 36 and 37, which are each arranged directly above the relevant slide 25, 28 and 29 in the adjacent side wall of the adjacent, stepped preheating chamber 12, 13 and 14, respectively .
- the cupola furnace 15 is of a known type with a coke bed 48 which can be supplemented with coke 38 from the coke store 16 via the feed line 17.
- the cupola 15 has a tap opening 39, burner 40 and an exhaust opening 41. This is connected via a line 42 to the recuperator 18 and to the burners 30 to 32 and 34 in such a way that the exhaust gas from the cupola 15 is passed in a controllable ratio, in part to the recuperator 18 and in part to the burners 30 to 32, 34 - 5 can. About 40 to 80% of the exhaust gas is passed into the recuperator 18 for heating the combustion air to about 815 ° C. and the rest to the burners.
- coal store 20 and an oxygen source 30 are connected via lines 44 to the burners 30 to 32, 34, 40, respectively.
- Air 45 can be fed to burners 30 to 32, 34 via a line 46.
- the air preheated in the recuperator 35 18 is fed via a line 47 to the burner 40 and can be blown into the cupola furnace together with coal from the coal store 20 in order to reduce the consumption of coke.
- Lime and / or preheated air or coal can be introduced in the required amount via the burners 30 to 32, 34, 40.
- other 5 fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil or synthetic fuels, can also be introduced into the preheating chambers 12 to 14 or the cupola furnace 15.
- the exhaust gas from the cupola 15 can be supplied to the preheating chambers 12 to 14 by means of the burners 30 to 32, 34 and the line 10 42.
- the device shown and explained is intended for the heating and melting of sponge iron 15 10, which is very reactive with oxygen, by means of fossil fuels, in order to obtain liquid iron with a carbon content of over 3% and a temperature over 1400 ° C.
- sponge iron 10 For example, 1075 kg of sponge iron 10 is required per 1000 kg of 20 iron obtained.
- the sponge iron 10 has a typical composition of 85 to 90% metallic iron, 0.5% carbon and 10% iron oxide.
- the sponge iron 10, together with limestone 24, is introduced into the first preheating chamber 11 via the charging opening 23.
- 115 kg limestone is preferably added per 25 tonnes of iron produced.
- the mixture of sponge iron 10 and limestone 24 can be opened by opening the respective slide 25
- the preheated iron sponge 10 and the lime in a predetermined, weighed amount then pass from the fourth preheating chamber 14 into the cupola furnace 15.
- the temperature and the atmosphere that is to say the gas composition in the individual preheating chambers 11 to 14, are determined by temperature measuring and gas analysis devices (not shown here).
- the neutral / reducing conditions in the individual preheating chambers 11 to 12 can then be set and maintained or changed by means of the burners 30 to 32, 34.
- This control is computer-based in a known manner.
- exhaust gas from the cupola furnace 15 is blown into the preheating chamber 12, 13 or 14, either directly or via the recuperator, by the burners 30 to 32, 34.
- the burners 30 to 32, 34 can burn coal with air 45 and / or oxygen in order to additionally heat the preheating chamber 12, 13, 14.
- the sponge iron 10 and the limestone 24 become about 250 ° C. in the first preheating chamber 11, about 500 ° C. in the second preheating chamber 12, and about in the third preheating chamber 13 800 ° C and heated to about 850 ° C in the fourth preheating chamber 14.
- the heating takes place under reducing conditions, in that exhaust gas is passed from the cupola furnace 15 into the preheating chambers 12 and 13.
- the carbon monoxide content in the gas mixture C0 2 + CO should be above 25%.
- the limestone 24 is converted into lime and then serves in the cupola furnace 15 as a flux for the molten sponge iron 10.
- the heated sponge iron 10 and the lime are then introduced into the cupola furnace 15 by means of the metering flap 33.
- the Ku ⁇ polofen 15 is provided with the coke bed 48, the coke 38 having a size up to about 20 cm.
- the cupola furnace 15 hot air preheated to 850 ° C. is blown into the coke bed 48 via the burner 40 by the recuperator. Because of the energy released in this way, sponge iron and lime melt and flow together through the coke bed 48. As the melt passes down through the coke bed 48, the temperature of the melt rises further and carbon dissolves in the iron. The melt, which has a composition of over 3% carbon and over 95% pure iron, then collects at the foot of the cupola furnace 15. The melt can then be brought out of the cupola furnace 15 for further processing via the tap hole 39.
- the amount of coke required for the process is about 175 kg per ton of iron recovered.
- the amount of coke 38 required for the process can be reduced if additional coal is used for heating either in the cupola furnace 15 or in the preheating chambers 12 to 14.
- the amount of coke can be further reduced to 80 to 100 kg per ton by supporting the combustion processes with oxygen and additional fuels, such as coal, natural gas, oil or synthetic fuels.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4216891A DE4216891A1 (de) | 1992-05-21 | 1992-05-21 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Erhitzen und Schmelzen von stückigem Eisenschwamm |
DE4216891 | 1992-05-21 | ||
PCT/EP1993/001290 WO1993023575A1 (de) | 1992-05-21 | 1993-05-21 | Verfahren und einrichtung zum erhitzen und schmelzen von stückigem eisenschwamm |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0596095A1 true EP0596095A1 (de) | 1994-05-11 |
EP0596095B1 EP0596095B1 (de) | 1997-12-03 |
Family
ID=6459459
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93912764A Expired - Lifetime EP0596095B1 (de) | 1992-05-21 | 1993-05-21 | Verfahren und einrichtung zum erhitzen und schmelzen von stückigem eisenschwamm |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5451246A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0596095B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1084568A (de) |
AU (1) | AU4316493A (de) |
DE (2) | DE4216891A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993023575A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2121652B1 (es) * | 1995-03-10 | 2000-01-16 | Renom Rafael Tudo | Horno alto continuo. |
DE19625267A1 (de) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-08 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung anorganisch beschichteter Pigmente und Füllstoffe |
DE19634348A1 (de) | 1996-08-23 | 1998-02-26 | Arcmet Tech Gmbh | Einschmelzaggregat mit einem Lichtbogenofen |
JP4801732B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-04 | 2011-10-26 | サールスタール アーゲー | 鉄塊化物を予熱する方法 |
CN101748233B (zh) * | 2008-12-04 | 2011-08-17 | 贾会平 | 一种电弧炉熔融炼铁的方法和装置 |
CN102146490B (zh) * | 2010-02-09 | 2012-11-28 | 贾会平 | 一种还原炼铁的方法和装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2132150B2 (de) * | 1971-06-29 | 1980-07-24 | Wasmuht, Jobst-Thomas, Dr.-Ing., 4600 Dortmund | Verfahren zum direkten Herstellen von Stahl |
US3702242A (en) * | 1971-07-21 | 1972-11-07 | Combustion Eng | Downdraft cupola incorporating means to preheat the charge |
SE395714B (sv) * | 1974-02-20 | 1977-08-22 | Skf Ind Trading & Dev | Sett och anordning for framstellning av metall ur oxidiskt material |
EP0063924B2 (de) * | 1981-04-28 | 1990-03-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmelzen und Frischen von feinverteiltem metalloxydhaltigem Erz |
DE3421878A1 (de) * | 1984-06-13 | 1985-12-19 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Verfahren und anlage zur kontinuierlichen erzeugung von roheisen |
DE3503493A1 (de) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-14 | Korf Engineering GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zur herstellung von roheisen |
DE3713369A1 (de) * | 1987-04-21 | 1988-11-10 | Kortec Ag | Chargiergutvorwaermer zum vorwaermen von chargiergut eines metallurgischen schmelzaggregates |
DE3735150A1 (de) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-05-03 | Kortec Ag | Verfahren zum zufuehren von waermeenergie in eine metallschmelze |
DE3835332A1 (de) * | 1988-10-17 | 1990-04-19 | Ralph Weber | Verfahren zur herstellung von stahl aus feinerz |
DE3928415A1 (de) * | 1989-08-28 | 1991-03-07 | Kortec Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von stahl |
-
1992
- 1992-05-21 DE DE4216891A patent/DE4216891A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-05-21 EP EP93912764A patent/EP0596095B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-21 US US08/185,900 patent/US5451246A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-21 WO PCT/EP1993/001290 patent/WO1993023575A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1993-05-21 DE DE59307779T patent/DE59307779D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-21 CN CN93107328A patent/CN1084568A/zh active Pending
- 1993-05-21 AU AU43164/93A patent/AU4316493A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9323575A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1993023575A1 (de) | 1993-11-25 |
DE4216891A1 (de) | 1993-11-25 |
CN1084568A (zh) | 1994-03-30 |
US5451246A (en) | 1995-09-19 |
EP0596095B1 (de) | 1997-12-03 |
AU4316493A (en) | 1993-12-13 |
DE59307779D1 (de) | 1998-01-15 |
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