EP0595763B1 - Lame de coupe à haute résistance d'usure et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Lame de coupe à haute résistance d'usure et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0595763B1
EP0595763B1 EP93810641A EP93810641A EP0595763B1 EP 0595763 B1 EP0595763 B1 EP 0595763B1 EP 93810641 A EP93810641 A EP 93810641A EP 93810641 A EP93810641 A EP 93810641A EP 0595763 B1 EP0595763 B1 EP 0595763B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knife
support
carrier
hard material
cutter bar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93810641A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0595763A2 (fr
EP0595763A3 (en
Inventor
Peter Stampfli
Peter Frey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bidurit Hartmetall AG
Original Assignee
Bidurit Hartmetall AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bidurit Hartmetall AG filed Critical Bidurit Hartmetall AG
Publication of EP0595763A2 publication Critical patent/EP0595763A2/fr
Publication of EP0595763A3 publication Critical patent/EP0595763A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0595763B1 publication Critical patent/EP0595763B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cutting strips, which are preferably used in cooperation with cutting rotors, inter alia for the production of granules, and to a method for producing such cutting strips.
  • Knives which consist entirely of hard metal or of a support made of steel and a knife made of hard metal soldered thereon. This solder connection is problematic in itself, since hard metal is poorly wetted by the common soldering materials, but the reject rate is still within acceptable limits. However, the relatively soft steel beam is subject to a high degree of abrasion, which limits the life of such cutting strips.
  • Both materials, PCD and CBN, are commercially available as a layer structure consisting of a carrier, which in the context of the present invention consists of a hard metal and is called a knife carrier, and an associated layer or coating of a hard material. In principle, strips made of this material can be used as knives for cutting strips.
  • the knife carrier is chemically changed when the hard material layer is applied, specifically the carrier is enriched with carbon, and it is also not always possible to select the optimal materials for the carrier for the respective application.
  • the hard-coated knives such as the hard-metal knives previously, are to be soldered onto another carrier in order to obtain a cutting bar.
  • the hard-coated knives can be soldered onto a carrier even more poorly than hard-metal knives. This is primarily attributed to the above-mentioned carbon enrichment in the knife holder.
  • the knife carrier material is subject to wear where it comes to the surface of the cutting bar, and all the more because the knife carrier material loses part of its wear resistance during the application of the hard material layer.
  • Such a cutting bar is specified in claim 1.
  • the further claims include preferred designs, methods for producing the cutting bar according to the invention and types of use.
  • the cutting bar according to the invention consists of a carrier which preferably consists of a highly wear-resistant hard metal and onto which a knife coated with a hard material is soldered.
  • the contact surface of the knife carrier is shaped in such a way that the carrier closes with the hard material at most with a functionally negligible joint on the surfaces exposed to the material to be processed.
  • connection point between the cutting edge support and the knife is preferably made by soldering.
  • the surfaces to be soldered are provided with a solder-friendly metal layer. This is preferably done according to the method described in the applicant's Swiss patent specification CH-649 098, which is hereby incorporated into the description.
  • a metal layer of a few micrometers to a few 100 micrometers is applied and alloyed into the surface of the hard metal at high temperature, which not only creates a solder-friendly surface, but also fills up existing surface irregularities (voids) with the metal.
  • Nickel is particularly suitable for surface treatment for price reasons.
  • Other metals are possible, e.g. B. silver, copper or cobalt.
  • One embodiment of the invention consists of the hard material knife and the carrier, the carrier having the necessary fastening devices in order to be able to fasten the bar, for example in a cutting machine.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention consists in fastening the carrier on a holder by means of a releasable connection technique. This makes it possible to replace worn or damaged sections of the cutting edge.
  • the holder can also be made in a less wear-resistant material, which on the other hand, for example, an easier attachment of fasteners such.
  • an undercut groove ie a groove that widens towards the bottom, is incorporated into the knife carrier, into which suitable slot nuts can be inserted as anchors.
  • the sliding blocks are connected to the carrier using suitable fastening elements. You can e.g. B. z. B. have holes with an internal thread, whereby they by means of screws which are inserted through the carrier, can be used and fix the hard material knife on the carrier.
  • the known hard material cutting strip 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a carrier 2 onto which the hard material knife 3 is soldered.
  • the hard material knife consists of the knife carrier 4, on which the hard material layer 5 is applied.
  • the hard material 5 is preferably polycrystalline diamond (PCD) or cubic boron nitride (CBN).
  • the exposed flanks 6 of the knife carrier 4 are exposed to wear in the conventional cutting bar 1 (FIG. 1). After a short time, the hard material layer 5 is undermined, which leads to damage to the cutting edge. 2, this problem can be solved according to the invention in that the knife 3 is inserted into a V-shaped groove in the carrier 2, for which purpose the flanks 6 of the knife carrier 4 are removed in mirror image to the shape of the groove. The resulting bevels preferably extend without borders to the hard material layer 5. After insertion, the sides of the carrier 2 can be ground to the mass of the knife 3.
  • the second problem area is the soldered connection 7 between the knife carrier 4 and the carrier 2.
  • the knife carrier 4 has an excess of carbon which on the one hand worsens the mechanical properties of the carrier material 4 and on the other hand also reduces the solderability. Even or especially when inserting the knife 3 into a V-groove, an insufficient reliability of the connection between the carrier 2 and the knife 3 was found in practice. Since with the V-groove the forces occurring during cutting are converted to a greater extent into shear stresses, with the V-groove the quality of the connection between carrier 2 and knife 3 is of increased importance.
  • the surface of the knife carrier 4 can be metallized at high temperatures and thus made solder-friendly, preferably according to the method as described in CH-649 098. Contrary to the expectation that the hard material layer would be attacked at the temperatures necessary for the metallization and, in the worst case, decomposed, no such effects were surprisingly observed to any appreciable extent if the metallization was carried out in an inert, at least oxygen-free atmosphere or in a vacuum.
  • the reliable solder connection achieved in this way allows the advantages of the V connection to be exploited.
  • the knife according to the invention achieves a long service life since highly wear-resistant supports 2 can be used, and can be used in high yield. The risk of the knife detaching from the carrier 2 during operation is reduced to an insignificant value by the high quality solder connection. It is also advantageous that the cutting bar according to the invention can have two cutting edges, as a result of which the service life is increased again. With the knife according to the invention, tool life of 1 ⁇ 2 a per cutting edge is easily achieved, after which the second cutting edge can be used by turning the bar.
  • two fastening elements such as holes, inserted threaded bushings, etc., are present on the carrier in order to fasten the arrangement at the place of use.
  • the cutting bar 1 is connected to a holder 8 which has the fastening elements mentioned above. Since the holder 8 is no longer exposed to the effects of abrasion to the extent that the cutting bar 1, other suitable materials can also be used in addition to hard metal, such as, for. B. stainless steel, in which the fasteners are easier to attach.
  • 3 shows transverse holes 12 as an example.
  • connection between holder 8 and carrier 2 is preferably releasable, for. B. by means of screw elements.
  • a preferred solution is to provide at least one bore in the carrier 2, into which a threaded rod 9 is inserted and permanently attached, e.g. B. is soldered.
  • a corresponding bore 10 is provided in the holder 8, through which the threaded rod 9 projects.
  • a nut 11 is screwed onto the threaded rod 9 and tightened.
  • Another version uses a screw instead of the threaded rod, which is screwed into a threaded bushing inserted in the carrier 2.
  • an undercut groove 15 is machined into the carrier 4 in the longitudinal direction of the hard material knife 3.
  • slot nuts 16 can be used, into which a thread is cut.
  • a screw 17 is passed from below through a bore 18 in the carrier 2 and screwed into a slot nut 16, as a result of which the hard material knife 3 is fixed on the carrier 2 in the V-groove.
  • At least 2 slot nuts are preferably provided for fastening per hard material knife.
  • the bore 18 is preferably designed such that the head of the screw 17 is countersunk in the carrier. By choosing the depth this recess can also be adapted to the length of the screws 17 available.
  • the groove 15 is preferably produced in the knife carrier 4 by means of erosion. This is simply done in one step with the production of the oblique flanks of the knife carrier 4.
  • the cutting bar can be attached to an additional holder 8 analogously to the embodiment according to FIG. 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Lame de coupe (1) à haute résistance d'usure, comprenant au moins un support (2) et au moins un couteau en matériau dur (3) consistant en un support de couteau (4) en métal dur qui comprend sur au moins une surface, limitée par au moins une arête coupante, une couche de matériau dur non-métallique (5), caractérisée en ce que le support de couteau (4) s'amincit à partir de la couche en matériau dur (5), que cet amincissement commence à l'endroit de transition entre la couche en matériau dur et le support de couteau ou à une petite distance de cet endroit, et que le couteau en matériau dur (3) est inséré dans une rainure du support de lame (2) ayant la forme symétrique inverse du couteau.
  2. Lame de coupe selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la couche en matériau dur (5) consiste en nitrure de bore cubique ou on diamant polycristallin.
  3. Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que l'amincissement présente une section conique ou arrondie, l'angle entre la face de liaison du support de couteau au support de lame et les côtés du support de lame (2) dépasse 0°.
  4. Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'amincissement du support de couteau (4) est formé en V, les bras du V renfermant un angle d'environ 90°.
  5. Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le couteau en matériau dur (3) est relié de façon inséparable au support (2) dans la région de la rainure.
  6. Lame de coupe selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le couteau en matériau dur (3) est brasé au support (2), et que les surfaces de liaison au support de lame (2) et au support de couteau (4) comportent une teneur en métal augmentée, le métal étant de préférence incorporé par alliage.
  7. Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le support de lame (2) consiste en un métal dur de haute résistance à l'usure présentant de préférence une dureté dépassant 1800 Vickers.
  8. Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 ou 7, caractérisée en ce que le couteau en matériau dur (3) comprend une rainure en queue d'aronde (15) dans le support de couteau (4) dans laquelle au moins deux coulisseaux (16) sont insérés qui servent d'ancres pour un organe de fixation s'appuyant au support de lame (2).
  9. Lame de coupe selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les organes de fixation sont des boulons (17), insérés dans des alésages (18) du support (2) et vissés dans les coulisseaux (16) qui comportent un taraudage correspondant aux boulons (17).
  10. Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 et 9, caractérisée en ce que les coulisseaux (16) comportent des surfaces de pression en engagement avec les surfaces latérales de la rainure en queue d'aronde (15), chaque surface de pression formant avec la rainure du support (2) une fente rétrécissant vers le fond de la rainure, et que les parois latérales du support de couteau (4) s'étendent dans la fente.
  11. Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le support (2) cet relié à son côté opposé au couteau en matériau dur (3) de façon amovible à un porte-couteau (8).
  12. Lame de coupe selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les surfaces de liaison de la fixation amovible sur le support (2) et la porte-couteau (8) sont formées en V ou on cuvette dont les surfaces en biais peuvent également être incurvées, de préférence en section de cercle.
  13. Lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 et 12, caractérisée en ce que la fixation amovible est agencée sous forme d'au moins un assemblage par vis pour chaque couteau en matériau dur (1, 2), et que le porte-couteau (8) comporte des alésages pour laisser passer les éléments de vissage.
  14. Procédé pour la fabrication d'une lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 et 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'on façonne la face de liaison s'amincissante dans le support de couteau (4) et la face de liaison correspondante inverse dans le support de lame (2), on munit les deux faces de liaison d'une couche métallique superficielle facilitant le brasage, couche qui adhère solidement par formation d'alliage aux matériaux des deux supports (2, 4), et l'on réunit le couteau (3) et le support de lame, de préférence par brasage, de façon inséparable par leurs surfaces de liaison.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'on opère l'application de la couche métallique facilitant le brasage dans une atmosphère de gaz de protection ou dans le vide et aux températures essentiellement plu élevées que la température de brasage, en particulier aux températures dépassant 1000 K.
  16. Procédé pour la fabrication d'une lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le support de lame (2) est rectifié à fleur de l'arête de coupe après sa liaison avec le couteau (3).
  17. Procédé pour la fabrication d'une lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que des trous sont forés dans le support (2), des tiges filetées (9) sont insérées dans les trous et y brasées, le support (2) comportant le couteau en matériau dur (3) et les tiges filetées (9) est monté sur le porte-couteau (8), les tiges filetées (9) traversant alors les alésages (10) prévus à cet effet jusqu'à atteindre l'autre côté du porte-couteau (8) où elles sont bloquées par serrage au moyen d'un écrou (11).
  18. Utilisation de la lame de coupe selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13 comme contre-couteau d'un rotor de coupe, on particulier d'un appareil à granuler.
EP93810641A 1992-10-26 1993-09-09 Lame de coupe à haute résistance d'usure et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0595763B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3323/92 1992-10-26
CH332392 1992-10-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0595763A2 EP0595763A2 (fr) 1994-05-04
EP0595763A3 EP0595763A3 (en) 1994-06-08
EP0595763B1 true EP0595763B1 (fr) 1996-08-14

Family

ID=4253494

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93810641A Expired - Lifetime EP0595763B1 (fr) 1992-10-26 1993-09-09 Lame de coupe à haute résistance d'usure et procédé pour sa fabrication

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EP (1) EP0595763B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE141189T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59303432D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT513376B1 (de) 2012-11-12 2014-04-15 Econ Gmbh Granuliermesser für einen Messerkopf einer Granuliervorrichtung
DE102014108607A1 (de) * 2014-06-18 2015-12-24 Betek Gmbh & Co. Kg Gegenschneide

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2857111A (en) * 1955-01-21 1958-10-21 Unipulver Ltd Rotor blades and blade mounting means for grinding mills
DE3108954C2 (de) * 1981-03-10 1986-07-24 Michael Dr.-Ing. 3100 Celle Kaiser Messer und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE3927106A1 (de) * 1989-08-17 1991-02-21 Schober Werkzeug & Maschbau Schneidwalze oder stanzzylinder und verfahren zum herstellen von solchen
EP0430872B1 (fr) * 1989-11-22 1995-04-05 Balzers Aktiengesellschaft Outil ou instrument ayant un revêtement dur résistant à l'usure pour l'usinage de matériaux organiques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE141189T1 (de) 1996-08-15
DE59303432D1 (de) 1996-09-19
EP0595763A2 (fr) 1994-05-04
EP0595763A3 (en) 1994-06-08

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