EP0594916B1 - Method and device for cleaning of surfaces, in particular for masonry - Google Patents

Method and device for cleaning of surfaces, in particular for masonry Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0594916B1
EP0594916B1 EP92810808A EP92810808A EP0594916B1 EP 0594916 B1 EP0594916 B1 EP 0594916B1 EP 92810808 A EP92810808 A EP 92810808A EP 92810808 A EP92810808 A EP 92810808A EP 0594916 B1 EP0594916 B1 EP 0594916B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abrasive
order
dirt particles
pressurized
blasting material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92810808A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0594916A1 (en
Inventor
Erich Bruhin
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ALFREDO PIATTI AG BAUUNTERNEHMUNG
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ALFREDO PIATTI AG BAUUNTERNEHMUNG
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Application filed by ALFREDO PIATTI AG BAUUNTERNEHMUNG filed Critical ALFREDO PIATTI AG BAUUNTERNEHMUNG
Priority to DE59208832T priority Critical patent/DE59208832D1/en
Priority to AT92810808T priority patent/ATE157292T1/en
Priority to EP92810808A priority patent/EP0594916B1/en
Priority to NO933761A priority patent/NO933761L/en
Priority to FI934631A priority patent/FI934631A/en
Publication of EP0594916A1 publication Critical patent/EP0594916A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0594916B1 publication Critical patent/EP0594916B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/047—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns using tribo-charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning surfaces, in particular masonry, according to the preamble of claims 1 and 5, respectively.
  • DE-A-41 04 543 discloses a cleaning device in which fine frozen particles are generated and electrically charged under vacuum. The acceleration, speed, direction and distribution of the electrically charged frozen particles are then controlled electrically.
  • SU-A-1395467 discloses a method for blasting metal surfaces in which grained blasting material is spun onto the surface to be machined from a nozzle channel by means of compressed air. To improve the processing intensity, the nozzle channel and the surface to be processed are connected to the unequal potentials of a high-frequency electrical pulse source.
  • WO91 / 18712 discloses a method and a device for the decontamination of radioactively contaminated surfaces.
  • a mechanical blasting process with dry blasting material is proposed, in which the surface area to be decontaminated is surrounded by a dust-tight chamber and a closed blasting system with blasting material recovery is used.
  • the uncoated blasting material made of glass beads or split glass is electrostatically charged before being spun on.
  • the blasting material can be charged in a simple manner by "frictional electricity".
  • the effect is exploited here that when an insulating material is intimately touched with a different insulating material or an electrical conductor, charges of different signs are spontaneously formed.
  • Glass beads or glass split are used as blasting material. Glass split has a greater abrasive effect on the surface to be cleaned. Sintered glass beads are particularly preferably used as blasting material. These have a hard surface and nevertheless a certain elasticity, so that the surface to be cleaned can be treated extremely gently and the blasting material does not break when it hits the surface.
  • a pressure blasting line preferably a pipe or a hose
  • the charge is separated when the blasting material comes into close contact with the inner wall.
  • a swirl is preferably imparted to the blasting material flow.
  • the blasting material is pressed against the inner wall. The intimate contact of the blasting material with the inner wall is further improved when the speed of the blasting material is increased.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 has a pressure vessel 10 with a supply of blasting material 12.
  • Sintered glass beads with a diameter are used as blasting material 12 from about 0.01 to 1 mm.
  • the grain size of the blasting material 12 is preferably 0.05 to 0.31 mm, grain sizes of 0.1 to 0.21 mm are particularly suitable. If a stronger abrasive effect is required on the surface to be cleaned, glass split with roughly the same grain size can be used instead of the glass beads.
  • the pressure vessel 10 is connected to a compressor system 14, which provides compressed air with adjustable pressure. For extremely gentle treatment of the surface to be cleaned, pressures of approximately 1.5 x 10 5 to 2 x 10 5 Pa (0.5 to 1 bar overpressure) are necessary. However, it is also possible to work with higher pressures up to approx. 9 x 10 5 Pa (8 bar overpressure), if this is necessary in order to obtain the desired cleaning effect.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the pressure jet line 16.
  • This consists of a hose made of rubber-like material with a wave-like inner jacket surface 20. This is by rib-like projections and groove-like recesses which alternately adjoin one another in the circumferential direction formed, which run in the longitudinal direction of the pressure jet line 16 spiral or helical.
  • a swirl is imparted to the compressed air flow and the blasting material flow which is also transported, with the result that the blasting material 12 is pushed outward in the radial direction onto the outer surface 20.
  • the blasting material 20 comes into intimate contact with the pressure blasting line 16, which leads to the spontaneous formation of charges of different polarity in the blasting material 12 and in the pressure blasting line 16.
  • the pressure jet line 16 has a length of at least a few meters, preferably 10 to 20 m.
  • the charge generated in the pressure jet line 16 can flow off to earth via a corresponding connection.
  • the blasting lance 18 has a nozzle-like opening through which the compressed air jet emerges together with the blasting material 12 and the blasting material 12 having a swirl is thrown onto the surface 22 of the facade 24 to be cleaned.
  • the jet lance 18 is guided by an operator who works in a work platform 26.
  • the work platform 26 is only open towards the facade 24 and is otherwise closed like a tent on all sides. It has a rust-like intermediate floor 28 for the operator.
  • the work platform 26 is provided with a circumferential inflatable bellows 30 in order to be able to fit the work platform 26 snugly against the surface 22 to be cleaned.
  • a clean room 36 is separated from the work area 32 of the work platform 26 by a partition 34.
  • a fan unit 38 is present in order to generate a negative pressure in the work platform 26.
  • the air drawn in through the intermediate floor 28 towards the clean room 36 is passed through an air filter unit 40 in order to retain dust and dirt particles.
  • the air filter unit 40 is periodically cleaned from the filter cake in a known manner, which is indicated by wavy arrows 40 '.
  • the air flow generated by the fan unit 38 is indicated by arrows 38 '.
  • Ambient air is between the bellows 30 and the one to be cleaned Facade 24 is sucked into the working space 32 and passes through the intermediate floor 28 into the underlying collecting space 42 of the working platform 26 and from there through the intermediate floor 28 and the air filter unit 40 into the clean room 36. From there, the cleaned air reaches the fan unit 38 again Surroundings.
  • the collecting space 42 is closed by a funnel-like work platform floor 44, from which a grounded suction pipe 46 having steel pipes leads away. While the free cross section of the pressure jet line 16 has a diameter of approximately 0.02 to 0.05 m, the flow cross section of the suction line 46 is considerably larger, the inner diameter is approximately 0.15 to 0.25 m.
  • the suction device 48 also has a fan 50, which acts as a vacuum source and to which a filter device 52 is connected upstream.
  • the suction line 46 opens into a cleaning device 54 for the used blasting material 12, which is connected on the output side to the input side of the filter device 52.
  • the cleaning device 54 has a separating device 56 acting as a gravity separator, below which a screening device 58 is arranged.
  • the suction line 46 opens laterally in the upper end region. Separated, approximately vertical and mutually overlapping partition walls 62 are arranged in the interior of the boiler, so that the air flow introduced into the boiler 60 through the suction line 46 is directed in a downward direction and is deflected around the lower end of the first partition 62 and between the two Partitions 62, 62 'run upwards in order to be deflected around the second partition 62' in the upper end region of the boiler 60 and then fed to the filter device 52.
  • a cyclone separator 63 indicated by a dash-dot line in FIG. 1 and in cross-section in FIG. 3 is preferably present between the wall of the boiler 60 and the first partition wall 62, thus the deflection around the lower end of the partition wall 62.
  • the boiler 60 is closed at the bottom by a funnel-like constriction, in the outlet of which a cellular wheel sluice 64 is provided. This ensures that on the one hand the flow conditions in the separating device 56 are not disturbed by the screening device 58 and on the other hand the screening device 58 is not disturbed by the flow in the separating device 56.
  • the blasting material 20 separated out in the separating device 56 falls onto a first sieve arrangement 66 of the screening plant 58.
  • the blasting material 12 that does not pass through the sieve arrangement 66 is fed to a container 68 for reusable blasting material 12.
  • the blasting material passing through the first sieve arrangement 66 falls onto a more closely meshed second sieve arrangement 66 'and, if it does not pass through this sieve arrangement 66', is fed to a second container 68 'for non-reusable blasting material 12.
  • the reusable that gets into the container 68 Blasting material 12 is then fed back to the pressure vessel 10, as is indicated by a container 68 shown in broken lines.
  • the air flow carried to the filter device 52 and carrying the dirt particles is passed through filter lamellae 70 in order to retain the dirt particles and then to release the cleaned air to the environment.
  • the filter lamella 70 preferably act as a surface filter.
  • the filter cake formed on it is shaken off the filter lamella 70 at certain times by means of compressed air pulses, so that it falls into dust bucket 74 as indicated by the arrows 72.
  • the suction device 48 and cleaning device 54 are advantageously installed on the bridge of a truck or a trailer.
  • the working platform 26 is preferably held by means of a crane.
  • the cover hood 76 is provided with a bristle ring 78.
  • the fan 50 and the screening plant 58 are operated at intervals; the fan unit 38 remains switched on.
  • the method and the device according to the invention function practically without releasing dust to the surroundings, since the dirt particles adhere to the blasting material 12, at least until it no longer hovers freely in the air.
  • the subsequent separation of blasting material 12 and dirt particles and the reprocessing of the reusable blasting material 12 is carried out dry, without the use of liquids and solvents, and consequently extremely environmentally friendly.
  • the blasting material 12 which can no longer be reused in the second container 68 'can be melted down and used further in this way. The only effective waste is the dirt particles detached from the surface 22 to be cleaned.
  • the method according to the invention is also suitable for cleaning surfaces from other materials, such as concrete, wood, metal, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
  • Picture Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Abrasive material (12) consisting of small glass beads is supplied through a blasting line (16) to a blasting lance (18) for cleaning a surface (22). The abrasive material (12) is electrostatically charged in the blasting line (16), so that the dirt particles detached from the surface adhere to the abrasive material (12). In the cleaning device (54), the dirt particles are removed on a dry basis from the abrasive material (12), which can then be reused. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Oberflächen, insbesondere von Mauerwerk, gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. 5.The present invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning surfaces, in particular masonry, according to the preamble of claims 1 and 5, respectively.

Ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung dieser Art ist im "Schweizer Baublatt" Nr. 52, 03. Juli 1992, Seite 50, beschrieben. Zur Fassaden- und Steinreinigung werden kleine, runde, mit einer Gummischicht überzogene Glasperlen mit leichtem Drall auf die zu reinigende Oberfläche gestrahlt. Dabei wird die Schmutzschicht wegradiert. Mittels eines Unterdrucksystems werden die Glasperlen abgesaugt und in einer Reinigungseinrichtung von den Schmutzpartikeln gesäubert. Es erfolgt eine sofortige Neugummierung der Glasperlen, um diese im Kreislauf wieder verwenden zu können. Bei diesem bekannten Verfahren ist es äusserst schwierig, die Schmutzpartikel und die abgeriebenen Teile der Gummischicht von den noch teilweise beschichteten Glasperlen zu trennen, und die Wiederaufbereitung des Strahlguts ist äusserst aufwendig. Obwohl für die Reinigung der Oberfläche selber weder chemische Zusatzmittel noch Sand oder Wasser benötigt wird, ist für die Reinigung und Wiederaufgummierung des Strahlguts der Einsatz von Lösungsmitteln notwendig, was zu Umweltbelastungen führen kann.A method and a device of this type is described in "Schweizer Baublatt" No. 52, July 03, 1992, page 50. For facade and stone cleaning, small, round glass beads coated with a rubber layer are blasted onto the surface to be cleaned with a slight twist. The layer of dirt is erased. The glass beads are suctioned off by means of a vacuum system and the dirt particles are cleaned in a cleaning device. The glass beads are immediately re-rubberized so that they can be reused in the circuit. In this known method it is extremely difficult to separate the dirt particles and the rubbed-off parts of the rubber layer from the glass beads, which are still partially coated, and the reprocessing of the blasting material is extremely complex. Although neither chemical additives nor sand or water is required for cleaning the surface itself, the use of solvents is necessary for cleaning and re-gumming the blasting material, which can lead to environmental pollution.

Die DE-A-41 04 543 offenbart eine Reinigungsvorrichtung, bei der unter Vakuum feine Gefrierteilchen erzeugt und elektrisch aufgeladen werden. Die Beschleunigung, Geschwindigkeit, Richtung und Verteilung der elektrisch aufgeladenen Gefrierteilchen wird dann elektrisch gesteuert.DE-A-41 04 543 discloses a cleaning device in which fine frozen particles are generated and electrically charged under vacuum. The acceleration, speed, direction and distribution of the electrically charged frozen particles are then controlled electrically.

Die SU-A-1395467 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Strahlbehandlung metallischer Oberflächen bei dem auf die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche aus einem Düsenkanal körniges Strahlgut mittels Druckluft aufgeschleudert wird. Zur Verbesserung der Bearbeitungsintensität sind der Düsenkanal und die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche an die ungleichen Potentiale einer hochfrequenten elektrischen Impulsquelle angeschlossen.SU-A-1395467 discloses a method for blasting metal surfaces in which grained blasting material is spun onto the surface to be machined from a nozzle channel by means of compressed air. To improve the processing intensity, the nozzle channel and the surface to be processed are connected to the unequal potentials of a high-frequency electrical pulse source.

Die WO91/18712 offenbart ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Dekontamination radioaktiv kontaminierter Oberflächen. Um bei der Reinigung von Anlagenteilen in kerntechnischen Anlagen die Ausbreitung radioaktiver Aerosole in der Umgebung zu vermeiden und die Menge des anfallenden radioaktiven Abfalles zu begrenzen, wird ein mechanisches Strahlverfahren mit einem trockenen Strahlgut vorgeschlagen, bei dem der zu dekontaminierende Oberflächenbereich von einer staubdichten Kammer umgeben ist und eine geschlossene Strahlanlage mit Strahlgutrückgewinnung verwendet wird.WO91 / 18712 discloses a method and a device for the decontamination of radioactively contaminated surfaces. In order to avoid the spread of radioactive aerosols in the area and to limit the amount of radioactive waste generated when cleaning parts of plants in nuclear plants, a mechanical blasting process with dry blasting material is proposed, in which the surface area to be decontaminated is surrounded by a dust-tight chamber and a closed blasting system with blasting material recovery is used.

Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, das bekannte Verfahren weiterzubilden und eine gattungsgemässe Vorrichtung derart zu schaffen, dass eine problem-lose umweitschonende Reinigung und Wiederaufbereitung des Strahlguts ermöglicht ist.It is an object of the present invention to develop the known method and to create a generic device such that a problem-free Environmentally friendly cleaning and reprocessing of the blasting material is made possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 1 und eine Vorrichtung gemäss Anspruch 5 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 5.

Das unbeschichtete Strahlgut aus Glasperlen oder Glassplit wird vor dem Aufschleudern elektrostatisch aufgeladen. Die von der Oberfläche beim Auftreffen des Strahlguts abgelösten Schmutzpartikel haften aufgrund elektrostatischer Kräfte am Strahlgut. Eine Trennung der Schmutzpartikel vom Strahlgut ist problemlos ohne den Einsatz von Reinigungsflüssigkeiten und Lösungsmitteln möglich.The uncoated blasting material made of glass beads or split glass is electrostatically charged before being spun on. The dirt particles detached from the surface when the blasting material hits it adhere to the blasting material due to electrostatic forces. A separation of the dirt particles from the blasting material is possible without the use of cleaning liquids and solvents.

Die Aufladung des Strahlguts kann in einfacher Art und Weise durch "Reibungselektrizität" erfolgen. Dabei wird der Effekt ausgenutzt, dass bei inniger Berührung eines Isolierstoffs mit einem unterschiedlichen Isolierstoff oder einem elektrischen Leiter die spontane Bildung von Ladungen verschiedenen Vorzeichens erfolgt.The blasting material can be charged in a simple manner by "frictional electricity". The effect is exploited here that when an insulating material is intimately touched with a different insulating material or an electrical conductor, charges of different signs are spontaneously formed.

Als Strahlgut werden Glasperlen oder Glassplit verwendet. Glassplit hat eine grössere abrasive Wirkung auf die zu reinigende Oberfläche. Besonders bevorzugt werden gesinterte Glasperlen als Strahlgut eingesetzt. Diese weisen eine harte Oberfläche und trotzdem eine gewisse Elastizität auf, so dass die zu reinigende Oberfläche äusserst schonend behandelt werden kann und das Strahlgut beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche nicht bricht.Glass beads or glass split are used as blasting material. Glass split has a greater abrasive effect on the surface to be cleaned. Sintered glass beads are particularly preferably used as blasting material. These have a hard surface and nevertheless a certain elasticity, so that the surface to be cleaned can be treated extremely gently and the blasting material does not break when it hits the surface.

Zum Erzeugen der Ladung auf dem Strahlgut wird dieses in bevorzugter Weise durch eine Druckstrahlleitung, vorzugsweise ein Rohr oder ein Schlauch geleitet, so dass bei der innigen Berührung des Strahlguts mit der Innenwand die Ladungstrennung erfolgt. Um eine besonders innige Berührung praktisch sämtlicher Teile des Strahlguts mit der Innenwand der Druckstrahlleitung zu gewährleisten, wird in bevorzugter Weise dem Strahlgutstrom ein Drall vermittelt. Infolge der Zentrifugalkräfte wird das Strahlgut gegen die Innenwand gedrängt. Die innige Berührung des Strahlguts mit der Innenwand wird bei erhöhter Geschwindigkeit des Strahlguts noch verbessert.To generate the charge on the blasting material, it is preferably passed through a pressure blasting line, preferably a pipe or a hose, so that the charge is separated when the blasting material comes into close contact with the inner wall. In order to ensure a particularly intimate contact of practically all parts of the blasting material with the inner wall of the pressure blasting line, a swirl is preferably imparted to the blasting material flow. As a result of the centrifugal forces, the blasting material is pressed against the inner wall. The intimate contact of the blasting material with the inner wall is further improved when the speed of the blasting material is increased.

Weitere bevorzugte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens und bevorzugte Ausbildungsformen der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung sind in den weiteren abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Further preferred developments of the method according to the invention and preferred forms of development of the device according to the invention are specified in the further dependent claims.

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nun anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben. Es zeigen rein schematisch:

Fig. 1
eine Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Fassaden;
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch eine Druckstrahlleitung;
Fig. 3
einen Horizontalschnitt duch einen Zyklonabscheider; und
Fig. 4
eine weitere Ausbildungsform der Absaugeinrichtung im Bereich der Strahllanze.
The present invention will now be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. It shows purely schematically:
Fig. 1
a device for cleaning facades;
Fig. 2
a cross section through a pressure jet line;
Fig. 3
a horizontal section through a cyclone separator; and
Fig. 4
Another form of training of the suction device in the area of the jet lance.

Die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Vorrichtung weist ein Druckgefäss 10 mit einem Vorrat an Strahlgut 12 auf. Als Strahlgut 12 werden gesinterte Glasperlen mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 0,01 bis 1 mm verwendet. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Korngrösse des Strahlguts 12 0,05 bis 0,31 mm, besonders geeignet sind Korngrössen von 0,1 bis 0,21 mm. Wird eine stärkere abrasive Wirkung an der zu reinigenden Oberfläche verlangt, kann anstelle der Glasperlen auch Glassplit mit etwa gleicher Körnung verwendet werden. Das Druckgefäss 10 ist mit einer Kompressoranlage 14 verbunden, die Druckluft mit regulierbarem Druck zur Verfügung stellt. Für äusserst schonende Behandlung der zu reinigenden Oberfläche sind Drücke von ungefähr 1,5 x 105 bis 2 x 105 Pa (0,5 bis 1 bar Ueberdruck) notwendig. Es ist aber auch möglich mit höheren Drücken bis ca. 9 x 105 Pa (8 bar Ueberdruck) zu arbeiten, falls dies notwendig ist, um den gewünschten Reinigungseffekt zu erhalten.The device shown in FIG. 1 has a pressure vessel 10 with a supply of blasting material 12. Sintered glass beads with a diameter are used as blasting material 12 from about 0.01 to 1 mm. The grain size of the blasting material 12 is preferably 0.05 to 0.31 mm, grain sizes of 0.1 to 0.21 mm are particularly suitable. If a stronger abrasive effect is required on the surface to be cleaned, glass split with roughly the same grain size can be used instead of the glass beads. The pressure vessel 10 is connected to a compressor system 14, which provides compressed air with adjustable pressure. For extremely gentle treatment of the surface to be cleaned, pressures of approximately 1.5 x 10 5 to 2 x 10 5 Pa (0.5 to 1 bar overpressure) are necessary. However, it is also possible to work with higher pressures up to approx. 9 x 10 5 Pa (8 bar overpressure), if this is necessary in order to obtain the desired cleaning effect.

Vom Druckgefäss 10 führt eine Druckstrahlleitung 16 weg zu einer Strahllanze 18. Fig. 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt der Druckstrahlleitung 16. Diese besteht aus einem Schlauch aus gummiartigem Material mit wellenartiger innerer Mantelfläche 20. Diese ist durch in Umfangsrichtung abwechslungsweise aneinander anschliessende rippenartige Vorsprünge und nutartige Ausnehmungen gebildet, die in Längsrichtung der Druckstrahlleitung 16 spiral- oder helixartig verlaufen. Dadurch wird dem Druckluftstrom und dem mittransportierten Strahlgutstrom ein Drall vermittelt, was zur Folge hat, dass das Strahlgut 12 in radialer Richtung gegen aussen an die Mantelfläche 20 gedrängt wird. Dadurch kommt das Strahlgut 20 in innige Berührung mit der Druckstrahlleitung 16, was zur spontanen Bildung von Ladung unterschiedlicher Polarität im Strahlgut 12 und in der Druckstrahlleitung 16 führt. Dazu weist die Druckstrahlleitung 16 eine Länge von mindestens einigen Metern, vorzugsweise 10 bis 20 m, auf. Die in der Druckstrahlleitung 16 erzeugte Ladung kann über eine entsprechende Verbindung zur Erde abfliessen.A pressure jet line 16 leads away from the pressure vessel 10 to a jet lance 18. FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the pressure jet line 16. This consists of a hose made of rubber-like material with a wave-like inner jacket surface 20. This is by rib-like projections and groove-like recesses which alternately adjoin one another in the circumferential direction formed, which run in the longitudinal direction of the pressure jet line 16 spiral or helical. As a result, a swirl is imparted to the compressed air flow and the blasting material flow which is also transported, with the result that the blasting material 12 is pushed outward in the radial direction onto the outer surface 20. As a result, the blasting material 20 comes into intimate contact with the pressure blasting line 16, which leads to the spontaneous formation of charges of different polarity in the blasting material 12 and in the pressure blasting line 16. For this purpose, the pressure jet line 16 has a length of at least a few meters, preferably 10 to 20 m. The charge generated in the pressure jet line 16 can flow off to earth via a corresponding connection.

Die Strahllanze 18 weist eine düsenartige Mündung auf, durch welche der Druckfluftstrahl zusammen mit dem Strahlgut 12 austritt und das einen Drall aufweisende Strahlgut 12 auf die zu reinigende Oberfläche 22 der Fassade 24 geschleudert wird.The blasting lance 18 has a nozzle-like opening through which the compressed air jet emerges together with the blasting material 12 and the blasting material 12 having a swirl is thrown onto the surface 22 of the facade 24 to be cleaned.

Die Strahllanze 18 wird von einer Bedienungsperson geführt, die in einer Arbeitsbühne 26 arbeitet. Die Arbeitsbühne 26 ist nur gegen die Fassade 24 hin offen und sonst allseitig zeltartig verschlossen. Sie weist einen rostartigen Zwischenboden 28 für die Bedienungsperson auf. Gegen die Fassade 24 hin ist die Arbeitsbühne 26 mit einem umlaufenden aufblasbaren Faltenbalg 30 versehen, um die Arbeitsbühne 26 satt an die zu reinigende Oberfläche 22 anlegen zu können.The jet lance 18 is guided by an operator who works in a work platform 26. The work platform 26 is only open towards the facade 24 and is otherwise closed like a tent on all sides. It has a rust-like intermediate floor 28 for the operator. Towards the facade 24, the work platform 26 is provided with a circumferential inflatable bellows 30 in order to be able to fit the work platform 26 snugly against the surface 22 to be cleaned.

Vom Arbeitsraum 32 der Arbeitsbühne 26 ist durch eine Trennwand 34 ein Reinraum 36 abgetrennt. In diesem ist ein Ventilatoraggregat 38 vorhanden, um in der Arbeitsbühne 26 einen Unterdruck zu erzeugen. Die durch den Zwischenboden 28 in Richtung gegen den Reinraum 36 eingesogene Luft wird durch ein Luftfilteraggregat 40 geleitet, um Staub und Schmutzpartikel zurückzuhalten. Das Luftfilteraggregat 40 wird periodisch in bekannter Art und Weise vom Filterkuchen gereinigt, was durch wellenförmige Pfeile 40' angedeutet ist. Die durch das Ventilatoraggregat 38 erzeugte Luftströmung ist mit Pfeilen 38' angedeutet. Umgebungsluft wird dabei zwischen dem Faltenbalg 30 und der zu reinigenden Fassade 24 in den Arbeitsraum 32 eingesogen und gelangt durch den Zwischenboden 28 in den darunterliegenden Sammelraum 42 der Arbeitsbühne 26 und von diesem durch den Zwischenboden 28 und das Luftfilteraggregat 40 in den Reinraum 36. Von dort gelangt die gereinigte Luft durch das Ventilatoraggregat 38 wieder an die Umgebung.A clean room 36 is separated from the work area 32 of the work platform 26 by a partition 34. In this a fan unit 38 is present in order to generate a negative pressure in the work platform 26. The air drawn in through the intermediate floor 28 towards the clean room 36 is passed through an air filter unit 40 in order to retain dust and dirt particles. The air filter unit 40 is periodically cleaned from the filter cake in a known manner, which is indicated by wavy arrows 40 '. The air flow generated by the fan unit 38 is indicated by arrows 38 '. Ambient air is between the bellows 30 and the one to be cleaned Facade 24 is sucked into the working space 32 and passes through the intermediate floor 28 into the underlying collecting space 42 of the working platform 26 and from there through the intermediate floor 28 and the air filter unit 40 into the clean room 36. From there, the cleaned air reaches the fan unit 38 again Surroundings.

Der Sammelraum 42 ist durch einen trichterartigen Arbeitsbühnenboden 44 abgeschlossen, von welchem eine geerdete, Stahlrohre aufweisende Absaugleitung 46 wegführt. Während der freie Querschnitt der Druckstrahlleitung 16 einen Durchmesser von etwa 0,02 bis 0,05 m aufweist, ist der Strömungsquerschnitt der Absaugleitung 46 wesentlich grösser, der Innendurchmesser beträgt ca. 0,15 bis 0,25 m.The collecting space 42 is closed by a funnel-like work platform floor 44, from which a grounded suction pipe 46 having steel pipes leads away. While the free cross section of the pressure jet line 16 has a diameter of approximately 0.02 to 0.05 m, the flow cross section of the suction line 46 is considerably larger, the inner diameter is approximately 0.15 to 0.25 m.

Die Absaugeinrichtung 48 weist weiter einen als Unterdruckquelle wirkenden Ventilator 50 auf, welchem eine Filtereinrichtung 52 vorgeschaltet ist. Die Absaugleitung 46 mündet in eine Reinigungseinrichtung 54 für das gebrauchte Strahlgut 12, welche ausgangsseitig mit der Eingangsseite der Filtereinrichtung 52 verbunden ist.The suction device 48 also has a fan 50, which acts as a vacuum source and to which a filter device 52 is connected upstream. The suction line 46 opens into a cleaning device 54 for the used blasting material 12, which is connected on the output side to the input side of the filter device 52.

Die Reinigungseinrichtung 54 weist eine als Schwerkraftabscheider wirkende Trenneinrichtung 56 auf, unterhalb welcher eine Aussiebanlage 58 angeordnet ist. In den Kessel 60 der Trenneinrichtung 56 mündet im oberen Endbereich seitlich die Absaugleitung 46. Im Kesselinnern sind voneinander beabstandete, etwa vertikal und einander überlappende Trennwände 62 angeordnet, so dass der durch die Absaugleitung 46 in den Kessel 60 eingeführte Luftstrom in Richtung gegen unten geleitet und um das untere Ende der ersten Trennwand 62 umgelenkt wird und zwischen den beiden Trennwänden 62,62' gegen oben verläuft, um im oberen Endbereich des Kessels 60 wiederum um die zweite Trennwand 62' umgelenkt und dann der Filtereinrichtung 52 zugeführt zu werden. Die Umlenkung um die erste Trennwand 62' hat zur Folge, dass das im Luftstrom mitgeführte Strahlgut 12, welches schwerer ist als die Schmutzpartikel, infolge der Schwer- und Zentrifugalkraft nach unten fällt und so aus dem Luftstrom ausgeschieden wird. In bevorzugter Weise ist zwischen der Wand des Kessels 60 und der ersten Trennwand 62, somit der Umlenkung um das untere Ende der Trennwand 62 vorgeschaltet, ein in der Fig. 1 strichpunktiert und in Fig. 3 im Querschnitt angedeuteter Zyklonabscheider 63 vorhanden. Der Kessel 60 ist unten durch eine trichterartige Verengung abgeschlossen, in deren Auslass eine Zellenradschleuse 64 vorgesehen ist. Diese sorgt dafür, dass einerseits die Strömungsverhältnisse in der Trenneinrichtung 56 durch die Aussiebanlage 58 und andererseits die Aussiebanlage 58 durch die Strömung in der Trenneinrichtung 56 nicht gestört werden.The cleaning device 54 has a separating device 56 acting as a gravity separator, below which a screening device 58 is arranged. In the boiler 60 of the separating device 56, the suction line 46 opens laterally in the upper end region. Separated, approximately vertical and mutually overlapping partition walls 62 are arranged in the interior of the boiler, so that the air flow introduced into the boiler 60 through the suction line 46 is directed in a downward direction and is deflected around the lower end of the first partition 62 and between the two Partitions 62, 62 'run upwards in order to be deflected around the second partition 62' in the upper end region of the boiler 60 and then fed to the filter device 52. The deflection around the first partition 62 'has the consequence that the blasting material 12 carried in the air stream, which is heavier than the dirt particles, falls down due to the gravitational and centrifugal force and is thus separated from the air stream. A cyclone separator 63 indicated by a dash-dot line in FIG. 1 and in cross-section in FIG. 3 is preferably present between the wall of the boiler 60 and the first partition wall 62, thus the deflection around the lower end of the partition wall 62. The boiler 60 is closed at the bottom by a funnel-like constriction, in the outlet of which a cellular wheel sluice 64 is provided. This ensures that on the one hand the flow conditions in the separating device 56 are not disturbed by the screening device 58 and on the other hand the screening device 58 is not disturbed by the flow in the separating device 56.

Das in der Trenneinrichtung 56 ausgeschiedene Strahlgut 20 fällt nach dem Passieren der Zellenradschleuse 64 auf eine erste Siebanordnung 66 der Aussiebanlage 58. Das die Siebanordnung 66 nicht passierende Strahlgut 12 wird einem Behälter 68 für wiederverwendbares Strahlgut 12 zugeführt. Das die erste Siebanordnung 66 passierende Strahlgut fällt auf eine engmaschigere zweite Siebanordnung 66' und wird, sofern es diese Siebanordnung 66' nicht passiert, einem zweiten Behälter 68' für nicht wiederverwendbares Strahlgut 12 zugeleitet.After passing through the rotary valve 64, the blasting material 20 separated out in the separating device 56 falls onto a first sieve arrangement 66 of the screening plant 58. The blasting material 12 that does not pass through the sieve arrangement 66 is fed to a container 68 for reusable blasting material 12. The blasting material passing through the first sieve arrangement 66 falls onto a more closely meshed second sieve arrangement 66 'and, if it does not pass through this sieve arrangement 66', is fed to a second container 68 'for non-reusable blasting material 12.

Das in den Behälter 68 gelangende, wiederverwendbare Strahlgut 12 wird dann dem Druckgefäss 10 wieder zugeführt, wie dies mit einem gestrichelt gezeichneten Behälter 68 angedeutet ist.The reusable that gets into the container 68 Blasting material 12 is then fed back to the pressure vessel 10, as is indicated by a container 68 shown in broken lines.

Versuche haben gezeigt, dass keine weiteren besonderen Massnahmen notwendig sind, um das Strahlgut 12 zu entladen. Die niederen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten in der Absaugleitung 46 und Reinigungseinrichtung 54 und die damit verbundene Verweilzeit, sowie die Berührungen des Strahlguts 12 mit geerdeten Teilen der Vorrichtung und weiteren Schmutzpartikeln, erlauben die Entladung des Strahlguts 12.Tests have shown that no further special measures are necessary to unload the blasting material 12. The low flow velocities in the suction line 46 and cleaning device 54 and the associated dwell time, as well as the contact of the blasting material 12 with earthed parts of the device and other dirt particles, allow the blasting material 12 to be discharged.

Der der Filtereinrichtung 52 zugeführte, die Schmutzpartikel mit sich tragende Luftstrom, wird durch Filterlamellen 70 geleitet, um die Schmutzpartikel zurückzuhalten und anschliessend die gereinigte Luft an die Umgebung abzugeben. Die Filterlamellen 70 wirken vorzugsweise als Oberflächenfilter. Der sich darauf bildende Filterkuchen wird zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten mittels Druckluftimpulsen von den Filterlamellen 70 abgeschüttelt, so dass er wie mit den Pfeilen 72 angedeutet, in Staubkübel 74 fällt.The air flow carried to the filter device 52 and carrying the dirt particles is passed through filter lamellae 70 in order to retain the dirt particles and then to release the cleaned air to the environment. The filter lamella 70 preferably act as a surface filter. The filter cake formed on it is shaken off the filter lamella 70 at certain times by means of compressed air pulses, so that it falls into dust bucket 74 as indicated by the arrows 72.

Für die Fassadenreinigung und ähnliche Zwecke wird die Absaugeinrichtung 48 und Reinigungseinrichtung 54 vorteilhafterweise auf der Brücke eines Lastkraftwagens oder eines Anhängers installiert. Um auf teuren Gerüstbau verzichten zu können, wird die Arbeitsbühne 26 in bevorzugter Weise mittels eines Krans gehalten.For facade cleaning and similar purposes, the suction device 48 and cleaning device 54 are advantageously installed on the bridge of a truck or a trailer. In order to be able to do without expensive scaffolding, the working platform 26 is preferably held by means of a crane.

Wie Fig. 4 andeutet, ist es auch möglich, auf die Arbeitsbühne 26 zu verzichten und dafür die Strahllanze 18 in eine Abdeckhaube 76 einzuführen. An diese ist die Absaugleitung 46 angeschlossen und sie umschliesst die Strahllanze 18 vollständig, mit Ausnahme der der zu bearbeitenden Oberfläche zugewandten Seite. Um ein Austreten von Strahlgut 12 zwischen der Abdeckhaube 76 und der zu reinigenden Oberfläche 22 zu vermeiden, ist die Abdeckhaube 76 mit einem Borstenkranz 78 versehen.As indicated in FIG. 4, it is also possible to dispense with the work platform 26 and the jet lance 18 in to introduce a cover 76. The suction line 46 is connected to this and it completely surrounds the jet lance 18, with the exception of the side facing the surface to be processed. In order to prevent blasting material 12 from escaping between the cover hood 76 and the surface 22 to be cleaned, the cover hood 76 is provided with a bristle ring 78.

Gegebenenfalls ist es beim Arbeiten mit einer Arbeitsbühne 26 nicht notwendig, das Strahlgut 12 mit den Schmutzpartikeln dauernd abzusaugen. In diesem Fall werden der Ventilator 50 und die Aussiebanlage 58 intervallweise betrieben; das Ventilatoraggregat 38 bleibt aber eingeschaltet.When working with a work platform 26, it may not be necessary to continuously extract the blasting material 12 with the dirt particles. In this case, the fan 50 and the screening plant 58 are operated at intervals; the fan unit 38 remains switched on.

Durch die elektrische Aufladung des Strahlguts 12 funktioniert das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren und die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung praktisch ohne Abgabe von Staub an die Umgebung, da die Schmutzpartikel am Strahlgut 12 haften, mindestens bis dieses nicht mehr frei in der Luft schwebt. Die nachfolgende Trennung von Strahlgut 12 und Schmutzpartikeln und die Wiederaufbereitung des wiederverwendbaren Strahlguts 12 erfolgt trocken, ohne den Einsatz von Flüssigkeiten und Lösungsmitteln, folglich äusserst umweltschonend. Weiter kann das im zweiten Behälter 68' nicht mehr wiederverwendbare Strahlgut 12 eingeschmolzen und auf diesem Weg weiter verwendet werden. Als effektiver Abfall fallen einzig die von der zu reinigenden Oberfläche 22 abgelösten Schmutzpartikel an.Due to the electrical charging of the blasting material 12, the method and the device according to the invention function practically without releasing dust to the surroundings, since the dirt particles adhere to the blasting material 12, at least until it no longer hovers freely in the air. The subsequent separation of blasting material 12 and dirt particles and the reprocessing of the reusable blasting material 12 is carried out dry, without the use of liquids and solvents, and consequently extremely environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the blasting material 12 which can no longer be reused in the second container 68 'can be melted down and used further in this way. The only effective waste is the dirt particles detached from the surface 22 to be cleaned.

Es ist selbstverständlich auch denkbar, das Strahlgut 12 auf anderem Wege als durch "Reibungselektrizität" aufzuladen. Im weiteren ist es denkbar, falls notwendig, zusätzliche Mittel zum Entladen des Strahlguts 12 vorzusehen. Schlussendlich sei erwähnt, dass das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren auch zum Reinigen von Oberflächen von anderen Materialien, wie z.B. Beton, Holz, Metall usw. geeignet ist.It is of course also conceivable to charge the blasting material 12 in a way other than by "frictional electricity". Furthermore, it is conceivable, if necessary, additional ones Provide means for unloading the blasting material 12. Finally, it should be mentioned that the method according to the invention is also suitable for cleaning surfaces from other materials, such as concrete, wood, metal, etc.

Claims (12)

  1. Method for cleaning surfaces, in particular masonry, in which granular abrasive (12) is conveyed by means of a compressed-air stream and is thrown onto the surface (22), the abrasive (12) is extracted together with adhering dirt particles which have been removed from the surface (22) and is freed of the dirt particles in order to be reused, characterized in that uncoated glass beads or glass grit is used as the abrasive (12) and in that the abrasive (12) is electrically charged before being thrown on in order to produce an adhesive effect for the dirt particles.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that preferably sintered glass beads or glass grit having a particle size of 0.00001 m to 0.001 m, preferably 0.00005 m to 0.00031 m, are used.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the abrasive (12) is guided through a pressurized-jet line (16) having an insulating or semiconductive internal surface (20), preferably made of rubber-like material, before being thrown onto the surface (22), in order to charge the abrasive (12) electrically by means of charge separation between the pressurized-jet line (16) and the abrasive (12).
  4. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that a spin is imparted to the stream of abrasive in the pressurized-jet line (16), in order to force the abrasive (12) against the inner surface (20).
  5. Device for cleaning surfaces, in particular masonry, having a vessel which contains granular abrasive, means for producing a compressed-air flow, by means of which the granular abrasive (12) is transported and thrown onto the surface (22), an extraction device (48) for extracting the abrasive (12) with adhering dirt particles removed from the surface (22) and a cleaning device (54) for separating the abrasive (12) from the dirt particles, in order to prepare the abrasive (12) for reuse, characterized in that the abrasive (12) consists of uncoated glass beads or glass grit, and in that means are present in order to charge the abrasive (12) electrically before being thrown on so as to generate an adhesive effect for the dirt particles.
  6. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that the preferably sintered glass beads or the glass. grit have a particle size of 0.00001 m to 0.001 m, preferably 0.00005 m to 0.00031 m.
  7. Device according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized by a pressurized-jet line (16) having an insulating or semi-conductive inner surface (20), preferably made of rubber-like material, through which the abrasive (12) is guided in order to charge the latter electrically by charge separation between the pressurized-jet line (16) and the abrasive (12).
  8. Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the pressurized-jet line (16) has spin means, preferably helix-like ribs or grooves, in order to impart a spin to the stream of abrasive and to force the abrasive (12) against the inner surface (20).
  9. Device according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the extraction device (48) has a source (50) of reduced pressure and an extraction line (46) connected upstream of the latter, the flow rate in the extraction line (46) being lower than in the pressurized-jet line (16), in order to avoid electrically charging the abrasive (12).
  10. Device according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the cleaning device (54) has a separation arrangement (56), in order to separate the abrasive (12) from the dirt particles by the use of centrifugal forces or the force of gravity.
  11. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that a screening station (66) is connected downstream of the separating device (56), in order to separate the abrasive (12) which can be reused from that which cannot be reused.
  12. Device according to one of Claims 5 to 11, characterized by a working scaffold (26) which is open on one side and the open side of which can be brought against the surface (22) to be cleaned, and by means (38) for producing a reduced pressure in the interior of the working scaffold (26).
EP92810808A 1992-10-21 1992-10-21 Method and device for cleaning of surfaces, in particular for masonry Expired - Lifetime EP0594916B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59208832T DE59208832D1 (en) 1992-10-21 1992-10-21 Method and device for cleaning surfaces, in particular masonry
AT92810808T ATE157292T1 (en) 1992-10-21 1992-10-21 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING SURFACES, IN PARTICULAR MASONRY
EP92810808A EP0594916B1 (en) 1992-10-21 1992-10-21 Method and device for cleaning of surfaces, in particular for masonry
NO933761A NO933761L (en) 1992-10-21 1993-10-19 Method and device for cleaning surfaces, especially on masonry
FI934631A FI934631A (en) 1992-10-21 1993-10-20 Foerfarande och anordning Foer tvaettning av ytor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92810808A EP0594916B1 (en) 1992-10-21 1992-10-21 Method and device for cleaning of surfaces, in particular for masonry

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0594916A1 EP0594916A1 (en) 1994-05-04
EP0594916B1 true EP0594916B1 (en) 1997-08-27

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EP92810808A Expired - Lifetime EP0594916B1 (en) 1992-10-21 1992-10-21 Method and device for cleaning of surfaces, in particular for masonry

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EP (1) EP0594916B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE157292T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59208832D1 (en)
FI (1) FI934631A (en)
NO (1) NO933761L (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007034869A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 Christian Schulte Dry shot blasting device e.g. pressure jet device, for removing staining of brick facade in building, has compressor to generate conveyance of blasting shot for dry shot blast conditioning facade by using compressed air jet
CN110103153A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-08-09 威海瑶池工艺品有限公司 A kind of aluminum alloy material surface treatment process

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1003398C2 (en) * 1996-06-21 1997-12-23 Delwi Ontwikkelingen B V Passage-wall cleaning system using granular material
GB9616246D0 (en) * 1996-08-01 1996-09-11 Mcbride Brian J Glass
DE19747838C2 (en) * 1997-10-19 2001-07-12 Gp Granulate Pneumatic Geraete Method and device for the dry removal of coatings, graffiti or other surface contaminants
GB2362314A (en) * 2000-05-16 2001-11-21 Harold Walmsley Method and apparatus for cleaning up graffiti

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE446826B (en) * 1981-04-24 1986-10-13 Icab Ind Coating Ab POWDER SPRAY WITH ELECTROSTATIC CHARGING FORM CONSISTING OF LONG-TERM CROCHET CHARGING CHANNELS WHICH ARE CROSSED TO IMAGE LOOP OR CARS ORGANIZED IN A MULTIPLE GROUPS
DE4003324A1 (en) * 1990-02-05 1991-08-08 Behas Sandstrahlsysteme Gmbh Stone surface cleaning method - uses micron size spherical particles as blasting agent
JP2825301B2 (en) * 1990-02-14 1998-11-18 三菱電機株式会社 Cleaning device using fine frozen particles
DE4017998A1 (en) * 1990-06-05 1992-01-09 Siemens Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DECONTAMINATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED SURFACES

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007034869A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 Christian Schulte Dry shot blasting device e.g. pressure jet device, for removing staining of brick facade in building, has compressor to generate conveyance of blasting shot for dry shot blast conditioning facade by using compressed air jet
CN110103153A (en) * 2019-06-17 2019-08-09 威海瑶池工艺品有限公司 A kind of aluminum alloy material surface treatment process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI934631A (en) 1994-04-22
EP0594916A1 (en) 1994-05-04
FI934631A0 (en) 1993-10-20
NO933761D0 (en) 1993-10-19
NO933761L (en) 1994-04-22
ATE157292T1 (en) 1997-09-15
DE59208832D1 (en) 1997-10-02

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