EP0588976B1 - Materiau composite et absorbant d'emballage a pellicule permeable a la vapeur d'eau - Google Patents

Materiau composite et absorbant d'emballage a pellicule permeable a la vapeur d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0588976B1
EP0588976B1 EP92915070A EP92915070A EP0588976B1 EP 0588976 B1 EP0588976 B1 EP 0588976B1 EP 92915070 A EP92915070 A EP 92915070A EP 92915070 A EP92915070 A EP 92915070A EP 0588976 B1 EP0588976 B1 EP 0588976B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
water
absorbent
reaction product
vapor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92915070A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0588976A1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Patterson
Daniel J. Geddes
David H. Hollenberg
Patrick L. Maynard
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Fort James Corp
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James River Corp of Virginia
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B32B7/14—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties applied in spaced arrangements, e.g. in stripes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
    • B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
    • B65D81/266—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing gases, e.g. oxygen absorbers or desiccants
    • B65D81/267—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing gases, e.g. oxygen absorbers or desiccants the absorber being in sheet form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
    • B65D81/3888—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation wrappers or flexible containers, e.g. pouches, bags
    • B65D81/3893—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation wrappers or flexible containers, e.g. pouches, bags formed with double walls, i.e. hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
    • B65D81/3888—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation wrappers or flexible containers, e.g. pouches, bags
    • B65D81/3897—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation wrappers or flexible containers, e.g. pouches, bags formed of different materials, e.g. laminated or foam filling between walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/716—Degradable
    • B32B2307/7166—Water-soluble, water-dispersible
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
    • B32B2307/7246—Water vapor barrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2553/00—Packaging equipment or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1341—Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1379—Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1379—Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
    • Y10T428/1383—Vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit is sandwiched between layers [continuous layer]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/234—Sheet including cover or casing including elements cooperating to form cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/237—Noninterengaged fibered material encased [e.g., mat, batt, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24826—Spot bonds connect components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24934—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including paper layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/3188—Next to cellulosic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31993—Of paper

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved composite wrap materials, and more particularly to composite wrap materials used primarily for packaging hot foodstuffs as well as for similar hot finger foods such as tacos, burritos and the like, with the composite wrap providing an improved combination of heat retention, moisture control and masking of food staining, this combination of properties providing both improved appearance upon serving and unwrapping (usually termed "presentation") and palatability of sandwiches which may have been stored for somewhat over a quarter of an hour.
  • the invention also relates to a method of making the improved composite wrap materials.
  • a composite integral wrap material including: a first layer of absorbent material; a second layer of printable material; a water-vapor-impermeable polymer layer inter-disposed between the first and second layers; and treated fibers in said first layer at least adjacent to the face thereof away from said water-vapor-impermeable polymeric layer, each treated fiber bearing a foraminous hydrophobic water-vapor-permeable pellicle, wherein at least one of the first and second layers is discontinuously bonded to a respective side of the polymer layer at spaced locations, so that at least one of the first and second layers forms air pockets with the polymer layer at locations between the bond locations.
  • the word “pellicle” is used to describe the “deposit” or “precipitate” left behind after hydrophobe precursor has been applied to fibers and the carrier removed.
  • the word “pellicle” has the connotation of being very thin and not necessarily continuous.
  • At least a portion of the first layer will also include highly absorbent material comprising the reaction product of in-situ crosslinking of water soluble polymer, said reaction product being water insoluble and exhibiting a water-retention capacity of at least about 10 grams of water per gram of reaction product, the amount of reaction product present on an area basis being sufficient to absorb at least about 0.001 grams of water per square centimeter, the total amount of reaction product in a one square foot sheet being sufficient to absorb at least 1 gram of water.
  • a process for making an integral composite wrap material having air pockets on at least one side of an impermeable polymer including the steps of: conveying an impermeable polymer to a location between a pair of nip rollers rotating in opposite directions; directing a first layer of absorbent material to said nip rollers and adjacent to one side of the impermeable polymer, directing a second layer of a printable material to said nip rollers and adjacent to the other side of the impermeable polymer; controlling the temperature of a surface of at least one of the pair of nip rollers, the other one of the pair of nip rollers having a surface with peripherally spaced protrusions extending therefrom for physical engagement with the first and second layers, the impermeable polymer, and the surface of at least one of the pair of nip rollers; passing the first and second layers and the impermeable polymer between the pair of nip rollers to control the temperature of the impermeable polymer
  • Fig. 1 is a cross sectional view of one embodiment of the composite wrap material according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective of the top surface of one embodiment of the composite wrap material according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus used to produce the composite wrap material according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of the composite wrap material according to the invention.
  • the present invention is directed to a 3-ply composite wrap material for hot foodstuffs, having three layers: a first absorbent layer containing fibers bearing a foraminous hydrophobic water-vapor-permeable pellicle; a second printable layer; and a water-vapor-impermeable polymer layer interposed between the first and second layers.
  • the layer of absorbent material also comprises reaction product of in-situ crosslinking of water soluble polymer, said reaction product being water insoluble and exhibiting a water-retention capacity of at least about 10 grams of water per gram ("g/g") of reaction product, preferably over about 25 g/g and more preferably over about 50 g/g, the amount of reaction product present on an area basis being sufficient to absorb at least about 0.001, preferably 0.002, more preferably 0.0025 gram of water per square centimeter, and still more preferably over 0.005 g/cm2, the total amount of reaction product in a one square foot sheet being sufficient to absorb at least 1 gram of water, preferably at least about 1.5 grams, more preferably over 2 grams, and in the most preferred embodiments, at least 3 grams of water.
  • the invention also concerns the method of manufacturing the 3-ply wrap material.
  • the material 10 is made of first, absorbent layer 20, second, printable layer 30, and impermeable polymer layer 40 interposed between first layer 20 and second layer 30.
  • First layer 20 and second layer 30 are discontinuously, or spot, bonded 50 to the respective opposite sides of layer 40 which is interposed therebetween to form air pockets 60.
  • Fibers in layer 20 bear foraminous hydrophobic water-vapor-permeable pellicles formed by spreading hydrophobe-precursor over fibers in the absorbent layer and thereafter converting the precursor to foraminous hydrophobic water-vapor-permeable pellicles on the fibers, usually by removal of the aqueous carrier.
  • the pellicle is applied to at least fibers adjacent to the surface of the absorbent layer opposite water-vapor-impermeable layer 40 and adjacent to the hot foodstuff.
  • layer 20 On the other side of layer 20 is impermeable polymer layer 40. After water vapor passes into layer 20, it appears that it either condenses on impermeable polymer layer 40 and is trapped adjacent thereto or that some portion of the vapor and, possibly, the condensed water, enters fibers in layer 20 through the pellicle and is absorbed there.
  • the wrap continues to have the ability to retain or absorb moisture from the hot foodstuff, as well as any grease which may be present.
  • the pellicle may be present on fibers in a distinct sublayer as indicated in Figure 4 or it may be present as a film, coating or crust on at least some, and surprisingly even possibly all, of the fibers in layer 20.
  • absorbent layer 20 is capable of retaining substantial amounts of moisture, even if hydrophobe precursor penetrates absorbent layer 20 to such a depth that both surfaces thereof are rendered hydrophobic. It is not known whether moisture may be predominately trapped between impermeable film 40 and absorbent layer 20 or is absorbed within individual fibers in absorbent layer 20.
  • Preliminary indications are that some moisture is probably retained by each mechanism for, when a sheet is exposed to steam and subsequently delaminated, absorbent layer 20 assumes a more highly translucent character which is deemed to be an indication that moisture has been absorbed by individual fibers while residual droplets of water can be seen on impermeable film 40.
  • Absorbent layer 20 has both good fold retention and good water retention capacity.
  • the basis weight preferably ranges from 8 to 81 g/m2 (5 to 50 lbs/3,000 sq. ft.), and more preferably from 16.3 to 81 g/m2 (10 to 20 lbs/3,000 sq. ft.).
  • the basis weight and water retention capacity of absorbent layer 20 should be such that it can retain virtually all the water vapor expected to be lost by the hot sandwich and condensed on impermeable layer 40 during the anticipated holding period.
  • At least a portion of layer 20 includes absorbent material comprising the reaction product of in-situ crosslinking of absorbent water soluble polymer, said reaction product being water insoluble and exhibiting a water-retention capacity of at least about 10 grams of water per gram of reaction product, preferably over 25 g/g and, more preferably, over 50 g/g; the amount of reaction product present on an area basis being sufficient to absorb at least about 0.001 gram of water per square centimeter, more preferably over 0.0025 g/cm2, and most preferably over 0.005 g/cm2, the total amount of reaction product in a one square foot sheet being sufficient to absorb at least 1 gram of water, preferably over 1.5 grams, more preferably, over 2 grams and, in the most preferred embodiments, at least 3 but no more than about 5 grams of water.
  • Layer 20 may be almost entirely comprised of reaction product, save only sublayer 21 comprising fibers bearing thin foraminous hydrophobic water-vapor-permeable pellicles present on the surface of individual fibers in sublayer 21; or alternatively, reaction product may be dispersed through layer 20 and separated from the foodstuff by a layer of more conventional absorbent material comprising cellulosic fibers having a water retention capability of less than about 0.1 gram of water per gram of fiber; or reaction product may be present as distinct sublayer 23, interior to portions of the wrap comprising both fiber bearing pellicles and fibers without. Reaction product may also be present in a pattern conforming to expected locations of moisture evolution in a wrapped foodstuff.
  • absorbent layer 20 comprises a layer of material comprising two sublayers, sublayer 21 comprised primarily of cellulosic fibers rendered hydrophobic by application of a hydrophobe precursor and sublayer 23 comprising primarily absorbent material comprising the reaction product of in-situ crosslinking of absorbent water soluble polymer, said reaction product being water insoluble and exhibiting a water-retention capacity of at least about 10 grams of water per gram of reaction product, the amount of reaction product present on an area basis being sufficient to absorb at least about 0.001 gram of water per square centimeter, the total amount of reaction product in a one square foot sheet being sufficient to absorb at least 1 gram of water.
  • Materials or use as the absorbent sublayer 21 are preferably selected from the group of cellulosic materials consisting of nonwoven tissue, air laid fabric, wet laid tissue, wet or dry creped tissue and embossed papers, treated as described below.
  • printable layer 30 is positioned adjacent to the side of impermeable polymer layer 40 away from the hot foodstuff and is used for printing of identifying symbols, marks, labels or other indicia of source.
  • printable layer 30 preferably has good fold retention with a basis weight ranging from 16.3 to 81 g/m2 (10 to 50 lbs/3,000 sq. ft.), and more preferably ranging from 16.3 to 41 g/m2 (10 to 25 lbs/3,000 sq. ft.).
  • printable layer 30 may be any material having a printable surface, such as a coated paper. Typically, one surface of printable layer 30 has a smoother, glazed surface. Materials capable of use as printable layer 30 may be selected from the group of materials consisting of machine finished, machine glazed papers and coated papers.
  • the densities of printable layer 30 and absorbent layer 20 of composite wrap 10 may be varied to control the heat flux through composite wrap 10 and the absorbency of layer 20.
  • the lower density printable layer 30 has a low thermal conductivity which, in combination with air pockets 60, reduces heat transfer from the higher density layer to the environment.
  • impermeable layer 40 is interposed between first and second layers 20 and 30, respectively.
  • Layer 40 acts as a condensation surface for water vapor.
  • Absorbent layer 20 then retains the condensate and grease to keep the hot foodstuff from becoming soggy and unpalatable.
  • layer 40 facilitates heat retention by the hot foodstuff by retaining the heat from the condensed vapor within the package.
  • the heat in that vapor is recovered within the sandwich wrap. This recovered heat lessens subsequent heat loss by the sandwich, thereby improving sandwich temperature during holding.
  • layer 40 also helps to prevent unsightly grease stains on the outside of composite wrap material 10.
  • Coupling the highly absorbent material in sublayer 23 with impermeable layer 40 makes it possible to retain sandwiches in palatable condition at acceptable serving temperature for considerably longer periods, often several minutes longer, than with composite wraps not incorporating highly absorbent materials.
  • Layer 23 is preferably spaced away from the hot foodstuff to prevent direct contact therewith.
  • the separation may be provided by a layer of paper having a water holding capacity of less than 1 g/g or, more advantageously, by a distinct sublayer 21 comprising primarily fibers bearing hydrophobic pellicles.
  • Combination of layer 23 with layer 21 of fibers bearing foraminous hydrophobic water-vapor-permeable pellicles provides improved retention of appearance of the sandwich especially providing appetizing presentation even after rather prolonged storage.
  • Impermeable polymers useful in accordance with this invention include any extrudable material which can act as a complete barrier, e.g., is impermeable to water vapor and grease, such as polyethylene.
  • Polymer materials useful in accordance with the invention are preferably selected from the group of polymers consisting of wax/polymer blends, polyethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, polypropylene, polyester, polyisobutylene, nylon, polymethylpentene, ethylene vinyl acetate and hot melts.
  • the polymer material may be pigmented. This pigmentation serves to give opacity to the polymer material to mask stains created by the grease and condensate absorbed by absorbent layer 20, as well as any grease or condensation which may be present on layer 40.
  • the opaque quality of the polymer material helps to improve the aesthetic qualities of the wrapped food product by masking any grease and water stains.
  • Pigments which may be mixed with the polymer material to provide opacity include any metallic oxide pigments and any organic dye colorants.
  • Pigments useful in accordance with the invention consist of titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate or zinc oxide.
  • the pigments can be mixed with the polymer material according to any well known method prior to extruding or forming pigmented polymer layer 40.
  • foraminous hydrophobic water-vapor-permeable pellicle Perhaps the most convenient method of forming foraminous hydrophobic water-vapor-permeable pellicle is to simply spread a very thin, superficial interspersion of a hydrophobe precursor over a paper sheet in an amount small enough to avoid formation of a continuous film but large enough to prevent penetration of the sheet by droplets of water.
  • coating materials that provide a low surface energy surface and do not form continuous films are useful release coatings for hot sandwich packaging applications.
  • suitable hydrophobe precursor materials upon conversion, suitable hydrophobe precursor materials will produce a porous or microporous hydrophobic surface having a surface energy of less than 35 dynes/cm when applied to fibers on the surface of the inner absorbent layer.
  • the hydrophobe will be applied so sparingly that gaps between fibers are not bridged over by the hydrophobe.
  • the hydrophobe precursor is applied as an aqueous admixture prior to provision of the highly absorbent material to avoid the requirement of removing water from the highly absorbent material.
  • the sequence of steps will provide for formation of the highly absorbent material by in-situ crosslinking only after all other significant drying procedures are substantially complete.
  • a hydrophobe precursor may be any organic material combining a site reactive toward starch or cellulose with a long hydrophobic tail such as, for example, a C14-C18 carbon chain length tail.
  • a site reactive toward starch or cellulose with a long hydrophobic tail such as, for example, a C14-C18 carbon chain length tail.
  • Materials like fatty acids, fatty acid amides, and fatty alcohols fall into this category.
  • Suitably reactive natural and synthetic polymeric materials with pendant hydrocarbon groups along their backbone will also provide the necessary hydrophobicity.
  • Hydrophobically modified starches and latices are examples of this group of materials.
  • Hydrophobically modified polyvinyl acetate with a short hydrocarbon tail also can provide release under many circumstances.
  • Precursors can be any material having long chain molecules bearing pendant groups like methyl, trifluoromethyl, or difluoromethyl along its backbone providing low surface energy and, consequently, a level of release sufficient for this application.
  • pendant groups A more comprehensive list of pendant groups and their effect on surface energy are shown below: Pendant Group Surface Energy (dynes/cm2) - CF3 6 - CF2H 15 - CF3 and - CF2 - 17 - CF2 - 18 - CH2 - CF3 20 - CF2 - CFH - 22 - CF2 - CH2 25 - CFH - CH2 28 - CH3 22
  • Typical hydrophobe precursors will have a structure represented as: where R is hydrogen, an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, a halogen or a combination thereof.
  • Preferred hydrophobe precursors will have structures represented as structures I-III below: wherein R1 ⁇ 5 are long chain (C12+) alkyl groups, and R6 and R7 are lower (C1 ⁇ 4) alkyl groups.
  • R1 ⁇ 5 are at least C16 groups while R6 ⁇ 7 are methyl, ethyl or propyl groups. More preferably, R1 ⁇ 2 are C18 groups, R3 ⁇ 4 are C16 ⁇ 18 groups, R5 is C18 ⁇ 19 and R6 ⁇ 7 are propyl groups.
  • the preferred hydrophobe precursors include: Alkyl ketene dimers (AKD's) such as Hercon 70 from Hercules, Inc.; alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), from American Cyanamid and Quilon, a Werner complex from du Pont. These precursors are morphologically similar but react with carbohydrates like starch and cellulose in a different way. Hercon 70, for example, seems to become substantive through a lactone ring opening reaction, while the alkenyl succinic anhydride appears to become substantive via an anhydride opening reaction. Quilon is thought to become substantive by a Werner Chrome complex reaction mechanism. Each of the more preferred materials have a C14-C18 carbon length tail providing hydrophobicity and release. Orientation of these hydrocarbon tails toward the air interface is thought to provide the low surface energy and release behavior.
  • ALD's Alkyl ketene dimers
  • ASA alkenyl succinic anhydride
  • Quilon a Werner complex from du Pont.
  • the most preferred release coatings for a hot sandwich wrap provide easy release, breathability, and low cost. These coatings can be thought of as abhesives as they prevent sticky adhesive-like materials from bonding to the surface to which they are applied. Alkyl ketene dimers (AKD's) such as Hercon 70 from Hercules Inc. are the most preferred precursors providing excellent release performance.
  • This material can be incorporated into a size press formulation along with a starch like Penford 250, a viscosifier like Kelgin MV, and a defoamer like Nalco 8669, then applied on a paper machine size press at 4.5% solids, yielding a breathable foraminous water-vapor-permeable hydrophobic surface with only 0.41 g/m2 (0.25 lb/3000 ft2) ream of coat weight.
  • This hydrophobic surface treatment augments release while also providing the required vapor permeability to allow free movement of water vapor through it. Further, being a hydrophobe, this coating inhibits redeposition of condensed water onto the hot sandwich.
  • the sheet can become soggy and provide an undesirably wet surface against the sandwich.
  • the absorbent layer which can usually absorb less than its weight in moisture, so a typical square 30 cm/7.5 g/m2 (12" 10.75 lb.) sheet1 could allow moisture to undesirably be transferred back to the bun, or otherwise provide a less than ideal surface for contact with bread before even a full gram of moisture was evolved from the sandwich.
  • a sandwich containing only four ounces of typical hamburger will often evolve over two grams of water during a prolonged holding time.
  • Such large amounts of water vapor condensed on the barrier layer can saturate a 17.5 g/m2 (10.75 lb) inner layer and surpass the ability of the wrap to retain moisture allowing redeposition of water on the sandwich, resulting, in some cases, in a less attractive presentation or, in extreme cases, in a soggy and unpalatable bun.
  • a highly absorbent material into the inner absorbent layer, we can provide for satisfactory presentation over retention times increased beyond that of the above described composite wraps.
  • absorbency of the inner ply of a multilayer paper-based hot sandwich wrap is enhanced by incorporating highly absorbent materials into the absorbent layer in order to enhance the water-holding properties of the hot sandwich wrap.
  • the most preferred highly absorbent materials are those that are created in-situ by crosslinking absorbent water-soluble polymers. Such a system can be made by incompletely crosslinking almost any water soluble carboxyl-group-containing polymer to such a degree that it becomes insoluble but numerous carboxyl groups remain unreacted.
  • the specific chemistries usable in formation of such highly absorbent materials are well known and those preferred for use herein may be summarized as follows: Suitable highly absorbent materials comprise an ionic complex of two essential ingredients: a water-soluble anionic polyelectrolyte, and a polyvalent metal cation.
  • the poly-electrolyte can be a natural or synthetic polymer characterized by substantial water-solubility in an aqueous medium of some relatively neutral pH (somewhere from 2.0 to 8.5 pH) and by the presence of anionic groups (preferably carboxyl, sulfonate, sulfate or phosphate anionic groups).
  • the preferred natural polymers are the anionic derivatives of starch or cellulose
  • the preferred synthetic polymers are the carboxylic acid homopolymers or copolymers containing at least 20 mole percent carboxylic acid units, e.g., polyacrylic acid. 1Throughout this specification, where the weight of a sheet is set forth in grams (pounds), it is to be understood that weight is the weight of one square meter (a 3,000 square foot ream).
  • carboxylic acid-containing polyelectrolytes are the synthetic copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers with mono-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or their partially neutralized salts.
  • preferred ⁇ , ⁇ -mono-unsaturated carboxylic acids include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, itaconic anhydride, fumaric acid, half esters or half amides of maleic, fumaric and itaconic acid, crotonic acid, etc.
  • Examples of the preferred ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monomers include acrylamide or methacrylamide and their N and N,N dialkyl derivatives containing 1-18 carbon alkyl groups, alkyl acrylates and methacrylates containing 1-18 carbon alkyl groups, vinyl esters, vinyl aromatic compounds, dienes, etc.
  • Homopolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or mixtures of these monomers may also be used. Examples include acrylic and methacrylic acid homopolymers and acrylic acid/methacrylic acid copolymers.
  • Exemplary of the sulfonic acid-containing polyelectrolytes are the homopolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids (or salts thereof) and copolymers thereof with the aforementioned ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
  • Suitable sulfonate-containing monomers include aromatic sulfonic acids (such as styrene sulfonic acids, 2-vinyl-3-bromobenzenesulfonic acid, 2-vinyl-4-ethylbenzenesulfonic acid, 2-allylbenzene sulfonic acid, vinylphenylmethane-sulfonic acid and 1-sulfo-3-vinylphenylmethane sulfonic acid), heterocyclic sulfonic acids (such as 2-sulfo-4-vinylfurane and 2-sulfo-5-allylfurane), aliphatic sulfonic acids (such as ethylenesulfonic acid and 1-phenylethylene sulfonic acid), sulfonic acids containing more than a single acid radical (such as ⁇ -sulfoacrylic acid and ⁇ -sulfoethylene-sulfonic acid), and sulfonic acid derivatives hydrolizable to the acid
  • Exemplary of the sulfate-containing polyelectrolytes are those formed by reacting homopolymers and copolymers containing hydroxyl groups or residual polymer unsaturation with sulfur trioxide or sulfuric acid; for example, sulfated polyvinyl alcohol, sulfated hydroxyethyl acrylate, sulfated hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
  • Exemplary of the phosphate-containing poly-electrolytes are the homopolymers and copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing a phosphoric acid moiety, such as methacryloxy ethyl phosphate.
  • Exemplary of the poly-electrolytes formed of natural polymers and their derivatives are the carboxylated, sulfonated, sulfated, and phosphated derivatives of cellulose and starch, such as carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl starch.
  • Naturally occurring anionic poly-electrolytes such as alginates, carrageenen, proteins (such as gelatin, casein, and soya protein), gum arabic, algin, agar, gum ghatti also have utility.
  • the polymers may be prepared by conventional polymerization techniques, such as solution, emulsion, suspension, and precipitation polymerization techniques. While the polymers are preferably prepared using a free radical polymerization mechanism, other polymerization mechanisms, including anionic and cationic mechanisms, may be used.
  • the poly-electrolyte generally has a molecular weight of from 10,000 to 10,000,000. Absorbency of the composition is improved when the poly-electrolyte is at higher molecular weight levels within the specified range. Accordingly, various di-functional monomers such as allyl methacrylate may be used to chain extend the poly-electrolyte prior to exposure to the cation. The amount of chain extender used must, of course, not render the poly-electrolyte insoluble in aqueous media. The increased chain length of the poly-electrolyte permits lower cation crosslinker levels to be employed as there are fewer polymer chains to be complexed.
  • Absorbency of the composition is improved when the poly-electrolyte has up to about 95%, preferably 40-85% of its anionic groups neutralized with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, a primary, secondary or tertiary amine, etc.
  • a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, a primary, secondary or tertiary amine, etc.
  • the neutralization is thought to uncoil and straighten out the polymer chains in contact with water so that the final complex is more swellable in the presence of water.
  • the polyvalent metal cation complexes the above described poly-electrolyte to render the overall polymer composite substantially insoluble yet highly swellable.
  • the cations have a valence of at least three and are cations of metals belonging to the following groups of the periodic table: IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA.
  • the preferred metals are aluminum, zirconium, chromium, titanium and iron, and to a lesser degree antimony and bismuth. More preferred metals are zirconium, aluminum, iron, titanium and mixtures thereof. For our purposes, zirconium is an especially preferred metal.
  • the metal compound can be added prior to, during polymerization or post-added to a polymeric poly-electrolyte solution, the only restraint being that the metal compound be at least ionizable or soluble in the polymer system.
  • the polyvalent metal can be added to the composition by means of a basic, acidic or neutral salt, hydroxide, oxide or other compound or complex which has at least limited solubility in water or an organic solvent in which the poly-electrolyte and/or its constituent monomers are also soluble at the time of cation introduction.
  • inorganic salts include chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, borates, bromides, iodines, fluorides, nitrites, perchlorates, phosphates, and sulfides, such as aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate, antimony trichloride, bismuth chloride, zirconium chloride, chromic sulfate, and chromic nitrate.
  • organic salts include salts of carboxylic acids such as carbonates, formates, acetates, butyrates, hexanoates, adipates, citrates, lactates, oxalates, oleates, propionates, salicylates, glycinates, glycollates and tartrates; for example, aluminum formoacetate, basic aluminum acetate, chromic acetate, aluminum citrate, aluminum diformate, aluminum triformate, titanium oxalate, ferric acetate, aluminum octate, ferric oleate, zirconium lactate and zirconium acetate.
  • carboxylic acids such as carbonates, formates, acetates, butyrates, hexanoates, adipates, citrates, lactates, oxalates, oleates, propionates, salicylates, glycinates, glycollates and tartrates
  • aluminum formoacetate basic aluminum acetate, chro
  • ammonia and amine complexes (and especially those coordinated with ammonia) of these metals are particularly useful.
  • Amines capable of so complexing include morpholine, monoethanol amine, diethylaminoethanol and ethylenediamine.
  • Examples of these amine complexes include ammonium zirconyl carbonate, ammonium zirconyl glycinate, and ammonium zirconium chelate of nitrilotriacetic acid.
  • Polyvalent metal complexes (salts) of organic acids that are capable of solubilization in an alkaline pH range may also be employed.
  • Such anions as acetate, glutamate, formate, carbonate, salicylate, glycollate, octoate, benzoate, gluconate, oxalate and lactate are satisfactory.
  • organic compounds containing polyvalent metals are also useful; for example, the metal alkoxides, metal alkyls, and acetyl acetonates, such as aluminum isopropoxide, titanium acetyl acetonate, aluminum acetyl acetonate, chromic acetyl acetonate, zirconium ethoxide, chromic isobutoxide and triethyl aluminum.
  • the metal alkoxides, metal alkyls, and acetyl acetonates such as aluminum isopropoxide, titanium acetyl acetonate, aluminum acetyl acetonate, chromic acetyl acetonate, zirconium ethoxide, chromic isobutoxide and triethyl aluminum.
  • the cations of one or more of such metals are present in the highly absorbent material at a level of 0.01 - 5.0 milliequivalents of cation per gram of poly-electrolyte, and preferably 0.1 - 1.0 milliequivalents of cation per gram of poly-electrolyte.
  • Lower cation levels do not render the polymeric composition water-insoluble, while higher cation levels render the polymer composition not only water-insoluble, but also non-swellable.
  • cation levels within the range are especially effective when the poly-electrolyte is of relatively high molecular weight. Regardless of pH, higher cation levels within the specified range contribute to the permanency of the gel formed by exposure of the dried complex to the fluid to be absorbed; but it is noted that, in this application a gel life of only a fraction of an hour, typically well under 45 minutes, is required and hence lower cations levels within the specified range may be suitable. In general, the optimum cation level varies with the ion size of the cation.
  • the highly absorbent material becomes a gelatinous agglomerate of liquid-swollen particulate members.
  • the material is capable of absorbing at least 10 times its weight in water, and generally at least 20 times its weight.
  • the composition is capable of retaining the absorbed water even when exposed to pressure sufficient to deform the agglomerate, and generally up to pressures of about 2.5 psi, such as would be encountered in a wrapped sandwich.
  • the poly-electrolytes used in practice of the present invention should be substantially water-soluble at some pH between 2.0 and 8.5 to utilize the metal complexing and form the desired water-insoluble absorbent complex.
  • the reversibility of ionic complexing is well known in the chemical art and once the pH of the complex is raised above a certain level (i.e., the pH of reversibility), the complex breaks down, yielding again the water-soluble non-absorbent poly-electrolyte.
  • This reversibility of complex formation facilitates easy and economical application of the complex onto a desired substrate by use of conventional fluid application techniques as described above with relation to application of the hydrophobe precursor.
  • a suitable quantity of a base is added to the complex to cause dissolution thereof into a solution containing the cation and the water-soluble poly-electrolyte thereof, and subsequent to application, an acid is added to the solution to cause re-formation of the absorbent complex.
  • a volatile base such as ammonium hydroxide
  • the acid strength of the polyelectrolyte acid has a marked effect upon the pH of reversibility. The higher the acid strength (i.e., the lower the pH of dissociation), the lower the pH of reversibility.
  • polyacrylic acid a weak polymeric acid, reverses its complex at pH 8.5 - 9.0; whereas styrene sulfonic acid, a very strong polymeric acid, reverses its complex at a pH of about 3.5 - 5.0.
  • the precursors for the highly absorbent materials to be formed in-situ can be applied by any convenient technique, such as spraying or coating, the method chosen being based on equipment availability, viscosity of the precursor containing admixture, and the amount required.
  • a size press or coater can be used on the paper machine making the base sheet which is to become the inner absorbent layer.
  • An off-line coater equipped with a gravure, rod, knife, or blade coating head can also be used successfully.
  • the system can also be applied by spraying in-line with one of the converting steps.
  • the precursor could be sprayed on the 17.5 g/m2 (10.75 lb/3000 ft2) web and dried in-line with the barrier extrusion lamination process.
  • the polyacrylic acid salts are good adhesives and do not inhibit adhesion.
  • ammonium hydroxide 454 g (1.0 pound)
  • ammonium carbonate 908 g (2.0 pounds), solid
  • ammonium zirconium carbonate 1.32 kg (2.9 pounds) of solution, nominally 20% solids, Magnesium Elektron Corp.
  • air pockets 60 formed on at least one side of the impermeable polymer layer 40 between discontinuous or spot bonded portions 50 of the absorbent layer 20 and printable layer 30 adjacent the respective sides of the layer 40.
  • the air pockets 60 serve to insulate the hot foodstuff item by improving heat retention by decreasing conductive heat transfer.
  • air pockets 60 are formed on both sides of impermeable polymer layer 40.
  • Air pockets 60 may have a variety of shapes or pattern configurations; no one shape or pattern is preferred according to the present invention.
  • the size and shape of air pockets 60 can be determined by aesthetic considerations.
  • the individual air pockets have a surface area ranging from 3.2 to 22.6 cm2 (0.5 in2 to 3.5 in2).
  • the size of the air pocket is limited, for example, by the pattern depth of roll 90, discussed below, the temperature of extrudate 70 during production and the amount of compression that composite wrap 10 will be subjected to during packing or storage.
  • the spot bonding creates a rectangular pattern in wrap material 10. None of the individual spot bonds are connected, resulting in a pattern whereby all of air pockets 60 are interconnected. Thus, the air contained in any individual pocket 60 can move throughout composite wrap material 10. This allows for an effective amount of air to be trapped between the layers of the composite wrap while reducing the chance of popping or blowing holes in any of the three layers when the finished composite wrap is tightly compressed during packing or storage.
  • composite wrap material 10 is used in sheet form to wrap hot foodstuffs.
  • composite wrap material may be formed into pouches for wrapping hot sandwiches.
  • the pouches may be manufactured according to any well known method.
  • the composite wrap material may be formed into a bag in which the hot foodstuff can be placed.
  • the bags may be manufactured according to any well known method.
  • the wrap may be laminated to paperboard to protect the sandwich from physical deformation, such as, for example, a lining laminated to paperboard used to form a paperboard clamshell or other protective shape.
  • a lining laminated to paperboard used to form a paperboard clamshell or other protective shape.
  • it can be used for box liners.
  • Impermeable pigmented polymer extrudate 70 which when chilled sets to form impermeable polymer layer 40, is conveyed towards a pair of nip rolls 80, 90. Extrudate 70 may be formed and conveyed by any known method.
  • extrudate 70 is generally at a temperature in the range of 232 to 316°C. (about 450 to about 600°F), and more preferably, 260 to 288°C. (about 500 to 550°F) prior to contact with at least one of the nip rollers.
  • extrudate 70 should be extruded as a pinhole free film at a thickness sufficient to be able, when cooled, to form an impermeable barrier. Although some pinholing may occur as a result of paper fibers penetrating through the polymer film when the polymer film contacts layers 20 and 30, the amount of pinholing should be minimized to reduce water vapor loss, and hence heat loss.
  • First and second layers 20 and 30, respectively, are directed by any well known means into an adjacent, non-contact position with extrudate 70 on its respective opposite sides prior to passing through nip rolls 80, 90.
  • the layers contact for the first time as they pass through nip rolls 80, 90 to form a three-layered material.
  • rollers 80, 90 is cooled to a temperature sufficient to cool and set extrudate 70 when it indirectly contacts the roller through either absorbent layer 20 or printable layer 30 to form impermeable polymer layer 40.
  • smooth surfaced roller 80 is the roller whose surface temperature is controlled by any well known means.
  • the temperature of roller 80 can vary according to the temperature of the extrudate and expected time of contact.
  • either absorbent layer 20 or printable layer 30 may be on the side directly contacting chilled roller 80.
  • second roller 90 is acting in physical engagement with the three-layered material to discontinuously bond or laminate first and second layers 20, 30 with the respective opposite sides of polymer layer 40 interposed therebetween.
  • the surface of roller 90 has a series of raised protrusions 100 spaced around the periphery.
  • Surface 110 of a raised protrusion 100 physically engages the first, second and extrudate layers against the surface of roller 80 to discontinuously bond or laminate the three layers at points 50 and thereby form air pockets 60 on both sides of then formed layer 40 between the respective sides of layer 40 and first and second layers 20, 30.
  • protrusions 100 The size and shape of the air pockets are determined by the size and shape of protrusions 100.
  • protrusions 100 can be any shape or size with the limitations regarding air pocket size specified above and the height limitations given below constituting preferred limitations for the reasons given.
  • the height of protrusions 100 is in the range of 0.762 mm to 1.78 mm (0.03 to 0.07 inches), more preferably about (1.143 mm (0.045 inches). If protrusions 100 are less than 0.03 inches, air pockets 60 may be too small as defined by this product. And if protrusions 100 are greater than 0.07 inches, then air pockets 60 may be too large and the composite wrap may pop open when compressed.
  • polymer layer 40 and layer 20 (or 30) are first extrusion coated laminated or wax coated to form a first composite having a continuous bond formed between the two respective adjacent surfaces.
  • the composite layer thus formed is then contacted with layer 30 (or 20) as they pass through nip rollers 80, 90 as before.
  • at least one of the nip rollers must be heated to affect bonding between the last layer 30 (or 20) and the preformed composite. Temperatures suitable for this bonding will be determined by the type of materials used in the first composite, and are readily determined by a skilled artisan.
  • composite wrap material 10 may be formed by a lamination process in which extrudate 70 is replaced by a preformed film. The preformed film is then contacted with layers 20 and 30 as before as they pass through rollers 80, 90. In this embodiment, at least one of the nip rolls must also be heated to affect bonding between the layers. Temperatures suitable for this bonding will be determined by the type of preformed material, and are readily determined by a skilled artisan.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
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Claims (18)

  1. Un matériau d'emballage alimentaire pliable hautement absorbant, entièrement composite, comprenant: une feuille pliable laissant une couche polymérisée imperméable à la vapeur d'eau disposée entre une couche imprimable et une couche absorbante telles que de ladite couche imprimable et de ladite couche absorbante au moins une des deux est liée de manière discontinue à ladite couche polymérisée en des endroits espacés l'un de l'autre, de sorte que ladite au moins une parmi ladite couche imprimable et ladite couche absorbante forme des poches d'air avec ladite couche polymérisée à des endroits situés entre les endroits des liaisons, caractérisée en ce que ladite couche absorbante porte une pellicule foramine hydrophobe perméable à la vapeur d'eau sur au moins des fibres adjacentes à la face de celle-ci éloignée de ladite couche polymérisée imperméable à la vapeur d'eau.
  2. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel la pellicule comprend le résidu d'une application d'un mélange aqueux d'un précurseur hydrophobe représenté par les formules de structure I-III ci-dessous:
    Figure imgb0006
     dans lesquelles R₁₋₅ sont des groupes alkyles à longue chaîne (C₁₂₊), et R₆ et R₇ sont des groupes alkyles inférieurs (C₁₋₄).
  3. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 2, dans lequel la couche absorbante comprend le produit de réaction d'une réticulation in-situ d'un polymère absorbant soluble dans l'eau, ledit produit de réaction étant insoluble dans l'eau et offrant une capacité de rétention d'eau d'au moins 10 grammes d'eau par gramme de produit de réaction, la quantité de produit de réaction présente par unité de surface étant suffisante pour absorber au moins environ 0,001 gramme d'eau par centimètre carré, la quantité totale de produit de réaction présente dans ladite feuille étant suffisante pour absorber au moins 1 gramme d'eau.
  4. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 3, dans lequel ladite couche absorbante comprend des fibres de matériau polymère insoluble portant des groupes carboxyles en quantité suffisante pour permettre à ladite couche absorbante d'absorber au moins 10 grammes d'humidité par gramme de groupe carboxyle portant des fibres de matériau polymère.
  5. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 4, dans lequel des poches d'air sont formées des deux côtés de ladite couche polymérisée imperméable et dans lequel ledit matériau hautement absorbant est le produit de réaction d'un polyélectrolyte polymérisé anionique soluble dans l'eau et d'un cation métallique polyvalent ayant une valence d'au moins 3, ledit produit de réaction étant insoluble dans l'eau.
  6. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit polyélectrolyte est un acide polyacrylique partiellement préneutralisé.
  7. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 6, dans lequel ledit cation est le zirconium, l'aluminium, le fer, le titane ou des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  8. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant les revendications 2-7, dans lequel R₁₋₅ sont au moins des groupes C₁₆ et R₆₋₇ sont des groupes méthyle, éthyle ou propyle.
  9. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant les revendications 2-7, dans lequel R₁₋₂ sont des groupes C₁₈, R₃₋₄ sont des groupes C₁₆₋₁₈, R₅ est C₁₈₋₁₉ et R₆₋₇ sont des groupes isopropyle.
  10. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel la couche absorbante est fibreuse et contient des fibres traitées, chaque fibre traitée étant positionnée de manière optionnelle depuis des endroits situés entre ladite couche polymérisée imperméable à la vapeur d'eau et la face de ladite couche absorbante éloignée de ladite couche polymérisée imperméable à la vapeur d'eau jusqu'à des endroits situés à la face de ladite couche absorbante éloignée de ladite couche polymérisée imperméable à la vapeur d'eau.
  11. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 10, dans lequel la couche absorbante comprend une feuille de fibres cellulosiques.
  12. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 11, dans lequel la première couche comprend un matériau constitué de toile non tissée, de tissu appliqué par jet d'air, de tissu appliqué par voie humide, de tissu crêpé par voie humide ou sèche ou de papier gaufré.
  13. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant la revendication 3, dans lequel ladite couche absorbante porte une couche de capacité d'absorption déterminée perméable à la vapeur ayant une capacité d'absorption d'eau de moins de 1 g/g adjacente à la face de celle-ci éloignée de ladite couche polymérisée imperméable à la vapeur d'eau, ladite couche absorbante comprenant, situé entre la couche de capacité d'absorption déterminée et la couche polymérisée imperméable à la vapeur d'eau, le produit de réaction de la réticulation in-situ du polymère absorbant soluble dans l'eau, la quantité totale de produit de réaction dans ladite feuille étant suffisante pour absorber au moins 3 grammes d'eau.
  14. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite seconde couche comprend un matériau constitué de papier apprêté, papier glacé à la machine ou papier recouvert.
  15. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite couche polymérisée imperméable à la vapeur d'eau comprend un matériau constitué de polyéthylène, chlorure de polyvinylidène, de copolymère éthylène acide acrylique, de polypropylène, de polyester, de polyisobutylène, de nylon, de polyméthylpentène, d'acétate d'éthylène vinyle ou de mélanges de fusion à chaud ainsi que de mélanges de polymères avec paraffines à longue chaîne.
  16. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la première couche possède une mémoire de pli et un poids de base dans la plage de 5 à 50 lbs/3.000 sq.ft.
  17. Le matériau d'emballage alimentaire suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite seconde couche possède une mémoire de pli et un poids de base dans la plage de 10 à 50 lbs/3.000 sq.ft.
  18. Un procédé de préparation d'un matériau d'emballage alimentaire pliable hautement absorbant entièrement composite, ayant des poches d'air sur au moins un côté d'une couche polymérisée imperméable à la vapeur d'eau et une couche absorbante comprenant les étapes consistant à:
       amener le polymère imperméable en un endroit situé entre une paire de rouleaux de pinçage tournant en sens opposés;
       guider une première couche de matériau absorbant vers lesdits rouleaux de pinçage et de manière à ce qu'elle soit adjacente à un côté du polymère imperméable;
       guider une seconde couche d'un matériau imprimable vers lesdits rouleaux de pinçage et de manière à ce qu'elle soit adjacente à l'autre côté du polymère imperméable;
       contrôler la température d'une surface d'au moins un des deux rouleaux de pinçage, le deuxième rouleau de la paire de rouleaux de pinçage ayant une surface portant à la périphérie des prolongements espacés dépassant de la surface destinés à s'engrener avec la première et la seconde couche, le polymère imperméable, et la surface d'au moins un des rouleaux de la paire de rouleaux de pinçage;
       faire passer la première et la seconde couche et le polymère imperméable entre les deux rouleaux de pinçage afin de contrôler la température du polymère imperméable et de lier de manière discontinue au moins une des deux premières couches à un côté correspondant du polymère imperméable en des emplacements espacés l'un de l'autre, afin de former des poches d'air avec le polymère imperméable en des endroits situés entre les emplacements des liaisons, caractérisé en ce
       qu'on foumit une pellicule foramine hydrophobe perméable à la vapeur d'eau sur au moins des fibres contenues dans ladite couche absorbante adjacente à la surface de ladite couche absorbante éloignée dudit polymère imperméable à la vapeur d'eau par pulvérisation d'une quantité effective d'un précurseur hydrophobe sur ladite couche absorbante et qu'on convertit ensuite le précurseur hydrophobe en une pellicule foramine hydrophobe perméable à la vapeur d'eau formant une surface adhésive; et
       qu'on incorpore dans au moins une partie de ladite couche absorbante un matériau hautement absorbant comprenant le produit de réaction de la réticulation in situ d'un polymère absorbant soluble dans l'eau, ledit produit de réaction étant insoluble dans l'eau et offrant une capacité de rétention d'eau d'au moins 10 grammes d'eau par gramme de produit de réaction, la quantité de produit de réaction présente par unité de surface étant suffisante pour absorber au moins environ 0,001 gramme d'eau par centimètre carré, la quantité totale de produit de réaction présente dans ladite feuille étant suffisante pour absorber au moins 1 gramme d'eau.
EP92915070A 1991-06-13 1992-06-12 Materiau composite et absorbant d'emballage a pellicule permeable a la vapeur d'eau Expired - Lifetime EP0588976B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71492891A 1991-06-13 1991-06-13
PCT/US1992/005014 WO1992022425A1 (fr) 1991-06-13 1992-06-12 Materiau composite et absorbant d'emballage a pellicule permeable a la vapeur d'eau
US714928 2010-03-01

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EP0588976A1 EP0588976A1 (fr) 1994-03-30
EP0588976B1 true EP0588976B1 (fr) 1995-10-25

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US (2) US5480693A (fr)
EP (1) EP0588976B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06510493A (fr)
AT (1) ATE129463T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU655062B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2112137C (fr)
DE (1) DE69205683T2 (fr)
MX (1) MX9202866A (fr)
WO (1) WO1992022425A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
EP0588976A1 (fr) 1994-03-30
DE69205683D1 (de) 1995-11-30
JPH06510493A (ja) 1994-11-24
ATE129463T1 (de) 1995-11-15
AU2316692A (en) 1993-01-12
CA2112137C (fr) 2004-08-31
US5480693A (en) 1996-01-02
US5582674A (en) 1996-12-10
MX9202866A (es) 1993-02-01
AU655062B2 (en) 1994-12-01
DE69205683T2 (de) 1996-05-02
WO1992022425A1 (fr) 1992-12-23
CA2112137A1 (fr) 1992-12-23

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