EP0587464A1 - Einrichtung zur Regelung und Verteilung einer mehrphasigen Flüssigkeit - Google Patents

Einrichtung zur Regelung und Verteilung einer mehrphasigen Flüssigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0587464A1
EP0587464A1 EP93401850A EP93401850A EP0587464A1 EP 0587464 A1 EP0587464 A1 EP 0587464A1 EP 93401850 A EP93401850 A EP 93401850A EP 93401850 A EP93401850 A EP 93401850A EP 0587464 A1 EP0587464 A1 EP 0587464A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sampling
effluent
pump
fluid
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93401850A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0587464B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-François Giannesini
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Publication of EP0587464A1 publication Critical patent/EP0587464A1/de
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Publication of EP0587464B1 publication Critical patent/EP0587464B1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D31/00—Pumping liquids and elastic fluids at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2559—Self-controlled branched flow systems
    • Y10T137/2562—Dividing and recombining
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
    • Y10T137/3003—Fluid separating traps or vents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/85978—With pump
    • Y10T137/86131—Plural
    • Y10T137/86163—Parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86348—Tank with internally extending flow guide, pipe or conduit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multiphase fluid supply device for a pumping assembly located downstream of the device.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for the distribution of multiphase fluids comprising a liquid phase and a gas phase with a given GLR value.
  • the GLR ratio is defined in the remainder of the text as being the ratio of the gas phase of a multiphase fluid relative to the liquid phase.
  • This method of routing without separation of the effluents nevertheless requires the use of pumps capable of communicating to the effluents a pressure value sufficient to ensure their transfer over a certain distance.
  • pumps are suitable for transferring effluents with a GLR value within a defined range.
  • a device for regulating effluent fluctuations positioned upstream of the pump which makes it possible to deliver an effluent to the latter whose GLR value is compatible with the operating characteristics of the pump.
  • French patent No. 2,642,539 describes a device which makes it possible to dampen and regulate the sudden variations in liquid and gas arriving in the device, in particular, when gas or liquid plugs come in, it that is to say of a large quantity of fluid composed solely of the gaseous phase or of the liquid phase and of supplying to the pump positioned afterwards, an effluent having a given GLR value.
  • French patent application 91 / 16,231 is a method which makes it possible to pre-size a device of the type described in French patent FR 2,642,539 so as to have at any time a sufficient quantity of liquid to evacuate a significant amount of gas and maintain an optimal GLR value based on the characteristics of the multiphase pump located downstream.
  • the present invention relates to a device for supplying multiphase fluid, the fluid being composed of at least one liquid phase and one gaseous phase, a pumping assembly communicating to the fluid a compression value, the device comprising a phase separation tank. , the reservoir comprising at least one inlet opening for the multiphase fluid and means for withdrawing the contents of the reservoir.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least two sampling tubes extending in the reservoir so as to cross the interface between the phases in normal operation, the sampling tubes comprising sampling orifices, the orifices being distributed over at least part of the length of the sampling means so as to obtain at the output of at least one of the sampling tubes a GLR value defined in advance and the tubes are connected to the assembly of pumping.
  • Each sampling tube can have at least one common outlet for the liquid phase and the gas phase.
  • the device may include means for orienting the multiphase fluid coming from an outlet of a sampling tube, such as a manifold.
  • the device may include means for measuring parameters characteristic of the source of effluent and of the effluent and means (8) for processing and generating signals, delivering control signals to the orientation means according to the measured values of the parameters.
  • the device may include measuring means comprising at least one flow meter making it possible to obtain the flow of fluid at the outlet of the sampling tubes.
  • the measurement means may include at least one device for measuring the GLR value of the effluent.
  • the pumping assembly may include at least one multiphase pump, the distribution of the orifices on a sampling tube is chosen according to the pump associated with the tube.
  • the number of sampling tubes can be chosen so as to favor the evacuation of a gaseous phase of large quantity.
  • One of the advantages of the device is to supply multi-phase fluid having a controlled GLR value to a pumping assembly comprising several multi-phase pumps each having their own operating characteristic.
  • Another advantage offered by the device consists in adapting the number of pumps used to the actual flow rate of the multiphase fluid coming from a source of effluents.
  • the device described below makes it possible to divide a multiphase fluid, such as an oil effluent, composed of a gas phase and a liquid phase into several multiphase flows whose GLR value is controlled, hereinafter referred to as secondary flows. , and to direct these flows secondary to at least one of the multiphase pumps of a pumping assembly.
  • a multiphase fluid such as an oil effluent
  • secondary flows whose GLR value is controlled
  • the multiphase fluid is conveyed from a source of effluents S in a device, comprising a reservoir 2 equipped with several sampling tubes, via a pipe 1 or inlet pipe.
  • the device is equipped, for example in FIG. 1, with three sampling tubes TC1, TC2, TC3.
  • These sampling tubes TC1, TC2, TC3 are respectively provided with sampling holes 01, 02, 03 which are distributed by zone over at least part of the length of each of the tubes.
  • the distribution of these orifices that is to say their distribution and their geometric characteristics, is chosen so as to obtain a GLR value defined in advance at the outlet of the tube.
  • Each sampling tube TC1, TC2, TC3 is connected to an evacuation tube, respectively C1, C2, C3, of the effluent to at least one pump P1, P2, P3 of a pumping assembly.
  • baffles 13, 14 At the inlet of the reservoir, avoiding too great a disturbance in the level of the liquid-gas interface I during a too sudden arrival of fluid in the reservoir 2
  • baffles 13, 14 also offers the advantage of obtaining a substantially constant interface level I throughout the tank.
  • sampling ports can be distributed in different ways. They can thus be distributed, following the manner described in French patent FR 2,642,539.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to distribute an effluent divided into several sub-effluents of GLR values adapted to several pumps operating in parallel and each having their own pumping characteristic, by associating a sampling tube with a pump as a function of the GLR values of the effluent at the outlet of the tube and the GLR value of the pump operating.
  • One of the possible applications of the device according to the invention is to choose the number of pumps necessary for the transfer of the fluid arriving in the tank, as a function of the actual flow rate of the source of effluent. Indeed, the production of effluent during the life of a well varying, it is advantageous to adapt the number of pumps used to transfer the effluent to the actual flow rate of the well, and this at any time. For this, we must know, at all times, the value of the flow rate of the effluent source, which can be obtained in various ways, some of which will be described in the following text.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention equipped with a device for calculating the flow rate of the effluent source S.
  • the reservoir 2 comprises two sampling tubes TC4, TC5 respectively provided with orifices 04, 05 , it is equipped with measuring means, such as a pressure sensor 3, and a level detector 4. These tubes pass through normal operation the gas-liquid interface symbolized by I, they can be vertical and pass through on either side the tank 2. They are connected to a manifold 5 by lines C4, C5, itself connected to a pumping assembly, comprising in our example two pumps P4, P5, by transfer lines L4, L5.
  • Effluent pressure measuring means such as pressure sensors 6, 7 are positioned at the inlet of each pump P4, P5 delivering the pressure value of the effluent measured at the suction of the pump .
  • the various measurement means 3, 4, 6 and 7 are connected by means of electrical connections to a processing and control device 8, such as a programmable processor.
  • the information coming from these different measurement means is sent to the processor 8 which calculates the value of the GLR associated with a sampling tube and, permanently, the value of the flow rate of the effluent passing through each sampling tube TC1, TC2.
  • the processor 8 sends a control signal regulating the opening and / or closing of the valves of the manifold so as to distribute the effluent to one or more pumps.
  • the processor is thus connected to the manifold 5 by an electrical connection making it possible to transmit, for example, the necessary signals for controlling the valves.
  • the operation of such a device can be done, for example, as follows: we know at all times, by measurements well known to specialists, the value of the flow rate of the effluent source. From this value, from the value of the GLR relative to a sampling tube determined, for example, using the method described in application FR 91 / 16.231, of the pressure values measured at the inlet of a pump, the processor 8 calculates the respective quantities of gas and liquid passing through each sampling tube and deduces therefrom the value of the flow rate Qi of the effluent passing through a sampling tube. By summing up the various quantities previously determined, the value of the flow rate of the total effluent passing through the various sampling tubes is obtained. The processor 8 compares this new value with a threshold value.
  • the microprocessor calculates the average GLR value associated with the different sampling tubes. 11 compares this value with the GLR values associated with the pumps included in the pumping assembly and directs all the effluents to the neighboring GLR value pump. To do this, the microprocessor sends a control signal to the manifold valve which puts the pump with the closest GLR value in communication with the determined average GLR value.
  • each effluent transfer line C4, C5 is equipped with means 10, 12 for measuring the flow rate of the effluent and means 9, 11 making it possible to determine the value of the GLR parameter that the effluent has at the inlet of a pump.
  • Such a device differs from that described in connection with FIG. 2 by the manner of obtaining the flow rate of the effluent for each sampling tube and its GLR value.
  • the value of the GLR and the value of the flow rate of each of the sub-effluents are measured using the appropriate devices 9, 11 and 10, 12.
  • a device such as that described in the aforementioned French patent FR 2,647,549 is used to measure the value of the GLR.
  • the information from the various measurement means is sent to the processor 8 which processes it as described above.
  • the device of FIG. 2 can be adapted to detect and react in the event that a pump breaks down.
  • a device D making it possible to detect the failure of a pump.
  • This device D is connected to the processor by a conventional electrical connection. It indicates to processor 8 the operating state of the pump to which it is connected and sends an alarm signal to the latter when the pump malfunctions.
  • the processor 8 then identifies the faulty pump, its number and the GLR value associated with it. 11 compares this GLR value with the various values associated with the pumps constituting the pumping assembly.
  • the processor 8 After comparison of the GLR value corresponding to the faulty pump with the other values, the processor 8 sends a control signal from the valves of the manifold to redirect the quantity of effluent arriving on the faulty pump towards one or more pumps of the pumping unit, according to the quantity of the effluent, having GLR characteristics which are closest to those of the failed pump.
  • the number of pumps concerned or called upon to absorb the quantity of effluent coming from the faulty pump depends on this quantity and on the quantity of effluent that the pumps solicited by the processor can absorb. Knowing, at all times, the quantity of effluent passing through a tube pierced with orifices and the quantity of effluent to be distributed at the level of the different pumps, the processor 8, by a difference calculation, orients the quantity of effluent from the faulty pump to the other pumps, in the following manner, it sends an opening signal to the valve corresponding to the pump whose GLR value is closest to that of the value of the faulty pump .
  • the processor requests the pump with the next GLR value closest to the faulty pump and controls the valve allowing part of the rest to be derived effluent from the faulty pump to the second requested pump. The processor does this until all of the sub-effluent to be redistributed or at least the largest possible amount has been distributed to the different pumps.
  • the present invention allows a good adaptation between the actual flow rate of the effluent from the source and the pumping means through the use of several perforated sampling tubes, placed in a reservoir or regulating flask.
  • Figure 4 is another example of application of a device according to the invention comprising several sources of fluid, such as oil wells S1, S2, Across Sn connected by pipes 16 to tank 2 via line 1.
  • the effective passage of the effluent from a source S1, S2, Across Sn, towards the tank or regulating tank 2 is for example controlled by a valve, respectively , V1, V2, Across Vn.
  • This valve is of a conventional type of valve usually used in the petroleum field and can be remote-controlled by means of control lines in a manner well known to specialists in the field.
  • the regulating tank 2 (Fig. 4) comprises several sampling tubes TC1, TC2, ..., TCN connected to a distribution assembly 15 which controls the supply or distribution of the effluent to hydraulic pumps P1, P2 ,. ..Pt.
  • This system enables the pumps P1 to Pt to be supplied in different modes, some examples of which will be described below.
  • Figure 5 shows schematically an example of an effluent distribution system in which each tube TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4 is connected to a pipe C1, C2, C3, C4, and the inlet or aspiration of a pump P1, P2, P3, P4, not shown in the figure for reasons of simplification, is connected to a pipe CA1, CA2, CA3.
  • the number of pipes Ci can be different from the number of pipes CAi.
  • Such a device can operate in the following manner: the valves Vii being open and the other valves closed, the effluent coming from a source Si passes through the pipe Ci then into the tube TCi in order then to be distributed to the pump Pi by the through the line CAi.
  • a sampling tube Tci allows the passage of the effluent only to a pump Pi.
  • the valves V41, V42, and V43 By opening the valves V41, V42, and V43, the effluent from the sampling tube TC4 is allowed to pass to the pumps P1 , P2, P3 which are then supplied respectively by the tubes TC1, TC4; TC2, TC4; and TC3, TC4.
  • the Vij valves are, for example, remotely controlled and controlled using the processor 8, so as to optimize the operation of the assembly consisting of the different sources of effluents and of the pumps positioned downstream of the tank.
  • This optimization can, for example, consist in choosing the number of pumps as a function of the actual flow rate of the sources of effluents as described above.
  • Optimization can also consist in obtaining an almost total adequacy between the value of the effluent leaving a sampling tube and a pump located downstream of the tube.
  • a pump is supplied by two sampling tubes. Indeed, such a device may be of interest when the physical characteristics of the well, such pressure and flow rate, varies over time.
  • the buffer tank has three vertical sampling tubes, these can be alleged or placed at the vertices of a triangle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
EP93401850A 1992-08-11 1993-07-19 Einrichtung zur Regelung und Verteilung einer mehrphasigen Flüssigkeit Expired - Lifetime EP0587464B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR929209989A FR2694824B1 (fr) 1992-08-11 1992-08-11 Dispositif de régulation et de distribution d'un fluide polyphasique.
FR9209989 1992-08-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0587464A1 true EP0587464A1 (de) 1994-03-16
EP0587464B1 EP0587464B1 (de) 1996-10-09

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ID=9432834

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93401850A Expired - Lifetime EP0587464B1 (de) 1992-08-11 1993-07-19 Einrichtung zur Regelung und Verteilung einer mehrphasigen Flüssigkeit

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5375618A (de)
EP (1) EP0587464B1 (de)
BR (1) BR9303230A (de)
CA (1) CA2103850C (de)
DE (1) DE69305301T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0587464T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2694824B1 (de)
MX (1) MX9304850A (de)
NO (1) NO304668B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2722587B1 (fr) * 1994-07-13 1996-08-30 Inst Francais Du Petrole Ballon regulateur pour effluents poloyphasiques etmoyens de prelevements associes
US6234030B1 (en) 1998-08-28 2001-05-22 Rosewood Equipment Company Multiphase metering method for multiphase flow
US6164308A (en) * 1998-08-28 2000-12-26 Butler; Bryan V. System and method for handling multiphase flow
USRE38434E1 (en) * 2000-01-05 2004-02-24 Fluid Compressor Corp. Closed oil liquid ring gas compression system with a suction injection port
US6227222B1 (en) * 2000-01-05 2001-05-08 Fluid Compressor Corp. Closed oil liquid ring gas compression system with a suction injection port
FR2808455B1 (fr) * 2000-05-03 2003-02-14 Schlumberger Services Petrol Installation et procede pour la separation d'effluents multiphasiques
US6371158B1 (en) * 2000-10-03 2002-04-16 Deere & Company Hydraulic system sump standpipe
AU2002214008A1 (en) * 2000-10-13 2002-04-22 Schlumberger Technology, B.V. Methods and apparatus for separating fluids
US7261120B2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2007-08-28 Morten Muller Ltd. Aps Device for splitting a two-phase stream into two or more streams with the desired vapor/liquid ratios
DE102010019238A1 (de) * 2010-05-03 2011-11-24 Joh. Heinr. Bornemann Gmbh Sammelbehälter, System aus Sammelbehälter und Multiphasenpumpen und Verfahren zum Separieren und Aufteilen eines Multiphasengemisches
US10208745B2 (en) 2015-12-18 2019-02-19 General Electric Company System and method for controlling a fluid transport system
US11859908B2 (en) 2022-02-10 2024-01-02 Btu International, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for effluent removal from furnace process gas
WO2023154048A1 (en) * 2022-02-10 2023-08-17 Btu International, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for effluent removal from furnace process gas

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DE2731279A1 (de) * 1977-07-11 1979-02-01 Schmitz Kuehler Baierbrunn Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aufteilung eines stroemenden fluessigkeits-gas- gemisches in mehrere teilstroeme
DE8810901U1 (de) * 1988-08-29 1988-10-20 Schmitz, Uwe, Dipl.-Ing., 8080 Fürstenfeldbruck Vorrichtung zum Verteilen eines strömenden Flüssigkeits-Gas-Gemisches in mehrere Teilströme
WO1990008585A1 (fr) * 1989-02-02 1990-08-09 Institut Français Du Petrole Dispositif de regulation et d'amortissement d'un ecoulement polyphasique et son application

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JPS5762983A (en) * 1980-09-30 1982-04-16 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Parallel running system of pump
US4574827A (en) * 1983-09-29 1986-03-11 Exxon Production Research Co. Method and apparatus for splitting two-phase flow at pipe tees
FR2557643B1 (fr) * 1983-12-30 1986-05-09 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif d'alimentation d'une pompe de fluide diphasique et installation de production d'hydrocarbures comportant un tel dispositif
US4516986A (en) * 1984-03-29 1985-05-14 Shell Oil Company Two-phase flow splitter
EP0172336A1 (de) * 1984-08-24 1986-02-26 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum gleichmässigen Verteilen eines Zwei-Phasengemisches
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2731279A1 (de) * 1977-07-11 1979-02-01 Schmitz Kuehler Baierbrunn Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aufteilung eines stroemenden fluessigkeits-gas- gemisches in mehrere teilstroeme
DE8810901U1 (de) * 1988-08-29 1988-10-20 Schmitz, Uwe, Dipl.-Ing., 8080 Fürstenfeldbruck Vorrichtung zum Verteilen eines strömenden Flüssigkeits-Gas-Gemisches in mehrere Teilströme
WO1990008585A1 (fr) * 1989-02-02 1990-08-09 Institut Français Du Petrole Dispositif de regulation et d'amortissement d'un ecoulement polyphasique et son application

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Title
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 5, no. 47 (M-61)28 Mars 1981 & JP-A-56 002495 ( HITACHI LTD ) 12 Janvier 1981 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 6, no. 142 (M-146)31 Juillet 1982 & JP-A-57 062983 ( FUJI ELECTRIC CO LTD ) 16 Avril 1982 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2103850A1 (fr) 1994-02-12
FR2694824B1 (fr) 1994-09-16
DE69305301T2 (de) 1997-04-03
US5375618A (en) 1994-12-27
NO304668B1 (no) 1999-01-25
NO932824D0 (no) 1993-08-09
MX9304850A (es) 1995-01-31
DK0587464T3 (da) 1997-03-24
DE69305301D1 (de) 1996-11-14
EP0587464B1 (de) 1996-10-09
FR2694824A1 (fr) 1994-02-18
BR9303230A (pt) 1994-03-15
CA2103850C (fr) 2006-08-01
NO932824L (no) 1994-02-14

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